(共31张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Part Ⅲ Using Language
[语言集释 练透基础]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．______ on the ice 在冰上打滑
2．an _________ man living alone 一位独居老人
3．fall onto the ________ 掉到地毯上
4．send for an ___________ 叫一辆救护车来
5．without _______ 毫不拖延； 立刻
6．in a state of _______ 处在惊恐状态
7．________ at me 冲着我喊
8．________ to death 窒息而死
9．a ___________ man 一个绝望的人
slip
elderly
carpet
ambulance
delay
panic
scream
choke
desperate
10．the sufficient ___________ experience 丰富的实践经验
11．a social _________ programme 一项社会福利计划
12．__________ on the sofa 倒在沙发上
practical
welfare
collapse
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．_________vi.&vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→drowning adj.溺水的→drowned adj.淹死的
2．___________n．流血；失血→bleed vi.流血；失血→ blood n．血
3．___________ vi.&vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→interruption n．打断；打岔；中止
4．____________adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→practice n．实践；通常的做法
5．_________ adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv.紧紧地；牢固地
drown
bleeding
interrupt
practical
tightly
6．_________ vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由→just adj.公正的；合理的
7．________adj.有雾的→fog n．雾
8．_____________ n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→member n．会员；成员
justify
foggy
membership
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．help sb. ____ one’s feet 帮助某人站起身来
2．face ___________ 面朝上(朝下)
3．sleep ____ 晚起；睡过头；睡懒觉
4．stand _____袖手旁观；支持
5．be concerned ________ 担心
6．____ need 需要
7.________ shape 健康状况不好
to
up/down
in
by
about
in
out of
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句型公式：have sth.done
Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
译文：________________________________________________________________ _______________
2．句型公式：so...that...引导结果状语从句
It is so easy，in fact，that almost anyone can learn how.
译文：___________________________________________________
北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声打断了他的进餐。
事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
This passage mainly tells an experience of ________________．
giving first aid
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．How did Chen Wei help Zhang Tao out of danger
A．By doing the Heimlich manoeuvre.
B．By slapping him on the back.
C．By helping him to his feet.
D．By taking him to hospital.
2．What will happen to a choking person
A．He can’t stand up.
B．He can’t see anything.
C．He can’t speak.
D．He can’t walk around.
3．What should you do if a child chokes on something
A．Slap the victim’s stomach hard.
B．Pull the obstruction out of his mouth.
C．Place your fist in the upper part of his stomach.
D．Lay his face down and slap his upper back.
4．From which is the text probably taken
A．A health magazine.
B．A biology textbook.
C．A research paper.
D．A travel brochure.
答案 1—4 ACDA
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．To solve this problem，in 1974，an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，created the Heimlich manoeuvre，saving thousands of lives around the world.
[句式分析] 本句是一个简单句。开头的动词不定式作______状语，现在分词短语saving...作______状语。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________。
目的
结果
为了解决这个问题，美国医生亨利·海姆利希于1974年发明了“海姆利希急救法”，挽救了世界上成千上万个生命
2．Choking victims usually have only about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die，leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive.
[句式分析] 本句是一个复合句。Choking...动名词短语作______，before引导时间状语从句，现在分词短语leaving...作______状语。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________ __________________________________
主语
结果
窒息患者通常在昏倒和有时死亡之前只有四分钟时间，这导致没有时间等待救护车的到来。
语言知识研磨
03
1．panic vi.&vt.(使)惊慌 n．惊恐；恐慌
(1)panic over/at 因……而恐慌；对……感到惊慌失措
panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌(动作)
be in a panic 陷入恐慌(状态)
单句语法填空
①He panicked __________ this accident.
②Many landowners _______________ (panic) into leaving the country at that time.
③The girl is ____ a panic.Try to help her calm down.
单句写作
④When she found her son out of sight，___________________________．
那位女士发现儿子不见时十分惊慌。(读后续写之神情描写)
⑤I felt very nervous and had to____________________________．
我感到非常紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
【名师点津】 panic的过去式及过去分词为panicked，panicked；现在分词是panicking。
over/at
were panicked
in
the lady got into a panic
force myself not to panic
2．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
(1)be desperate about 对……绝望
be desperate for 极想要……
be desperate to do...渴望做……
(2)desperately adv. 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地
单句语法填空
①The man in the river _____________ (desperate) tried to reach the side.
②He was desperate _____ work to provide food for his children.
③He is desperate ___________ (pursue) his vocation as an artist.
完成句子
④Judging from what he said and did，we can conclude that he ______________________．
从他的言行来看，我们可以得出这样的结论：他急于出名。
desperately
for
to pursue
is desperate for fame
3．grab vt.抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺
(1)grab at/for... 试图抓住……
(2)grab...from... 从……抓住……
单句语法填空
①By the time we arrived，someone ______________(grab) all the good seats.
②He grabbed _________ the rope for several times and made it at last.
单句写作
③Jim_______________________the plate.
吉姆从盘子里抓了一块蛋糕。 (读后续写之动作描写)
④She _____________________________，missed and fell.
她想抓树枝，可是没抓着，就跌倒了。(读后续写之动作描写)
had grabbed
for/at
grabbed a cake from
grabbed at/for the branch
4．face up/down面朝上(朝下)
(1)in the face of/be faced with 面对……
face up to 勇敢面对
(2)face to face 面对面
单句语法填空
①Studying at the same school，they ___________(face) with the same problem.
②Contrary to our expectation，he showed great bravery ____ the face of danger.
③Various activities were organized，at which writers and readers communicated ______________．
单句写作
④In no way should you lose heart when you____________________________．
面对困难时，你决不应该失去信心。 (应用文写作之建议信)
⑤On the way from work，he__________________________________ in the bushes.
下班的路上，他发现一位老人面朝下躺在灌木丛里。(读后续写之故事情节描写)
are faced
in
face to face
are faced with difficulties
found an old man lying face down
5．justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
justify (doing) sth.证明……正当
justify...to 向……证明……合理
justify oneself in doing...在做某事证明自己有正当理由
单句语法填空
①How will you justify this pay cut ____ your employees
②The decision ______________ (justify) on the grounds that there is no realistic alternative.
③He is fully justified in _______ (do) so.
完成句子
④___________________________in saying that
你能证明你有着充分理由可以那样说吗？
to
is justified
doing
Can you justify yourself
6．have sth.done 使某事被做
(1)have/get sth.done可以表示：使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)；遭遇/经历(此事违背主语的意愿)
(2)若宾语和宾补之间是主动关系则用：
have sb.do sth.(do强调做某事这一事实)
(3)have sb./sth.doing (doing强调持续进行某一动作)
单句语法填空
①He was very funny and had us___________(laugh) all the way.
②I have a lot of reading _____________(complete) before the end of this term.
③There’s something wrong with my computer，so I have to have/get it __________ (repair).
单句写作
④He hoped to find a good way to___________________________________in a short period.
他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。(应用文写作之求助信)
【名师点津】 have sth.done相当于make/get sth.done；不管“have sth.done”结构表示何种意义，sth.与done之间都存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。
laughing
to complete
repaired
have his written English improved
谢 谢 观 看(共16张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Part Ⅳ Writing [写作培优 表达升格]
[写作任务]
叙事类记叙文
本单元的写作任务是写一篇叙事类记叙文。该类作文以叙述事件为主，要通过完整的故事情节和生动形象的语言，使读者在享受故事情节的同时有所感悟。写作时要注意把记叙文的六要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果交代清楚。
基本框架：
1．开头——交代清楚事件的背景。
2．主体——主要叙述事件的发生、经过及结果。
3．结尾——呼应标题，发表感想、愿望等。
注意事项：
1．标题：如有标题，标题一定要明确，能点明事件或主题。
2．人称：通常用第一人称和第三人称。
3．时态：在叙事过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或某景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加生动形象。
[写作实践]
假设你和你的同学李明一起去锅炉房打开水，在回寝室的路上，李明的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了他的脚。于是你对他实施了必要的急救。请你结合此事，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，向学校英文报Teens投稿，主要内容包括：
1．描述事情发生的经过；
2．你是如何实施急救的(冷水冲洗、送医院做进一步的处理)；
3．简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
参考词汇：锅炉房 boiler room 热水瓶 thermos bottle
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[谋篇布局]
主题 处理烫伤，实施急救 体裁 记叙文
人称 第一人称和第三人称 时态 以一般过去时为主
布局 第一部分：描述事故发生的经过； 第二部分：实施急救的措施； 第三部分：介绍对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
[话题词汇]
1．_______ n．&v.烧伤；烫伤
2．__________ adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
3．___________ adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
4．______ vt.减轻；缓解
5．_________急救
6．______________________迅速把某人送往医院
7．__________________立刻；马上
burn
swollen
practical
ease
first aid
rush sb.to the hospital
right away/at once
[由词扩句]
1．烫伤非常严重。
The _____________________．
2．皮肤又红又肿。
The skin was ________________．
3．我设法保持镇静，并快速回想在急救课堂上学到的内容。
I managed to ____________，and quickly recalled_____________________________ class.
4．我立即把他的脚放到流动的冷水下，以减轻疼痛。
I placed his feet under the cool running water right away ________________．
burn was very severe
red and swollen
remain calm
what I had learnt in my first-aid
to ease the pain
5．然后，我打电话叫了一辆出租车，迅速把他送往医院。
Afterwards，I called a taxi and __________________________．
6．在医院里，他接受了进一步的治疗。
In the hospital，he___________________________．
7．在那时我意识到基本的急救知识是多么重要和实用。
Then I ________________________________________ a basic knowledge of first aid was.
rushed him to the hospital
received further treatment
was aware of how important and practical
[句式升级]
8．将句1、2合并为含有“so...that...”结构的句子。
___________________________________________________________
9．将句3升级为含有现在分词作伴随状语的句子。
_____________________________________________________________________
10．将句5和6合并为含有where引导的定语从句的句子。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
11．将句7升级为“only＋状语”放在句首的倒装句。
__________________________________________________________________________________
The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen.
I managed to remain calm，quickly recalling what I had learnt in my first-aid class.
Afterwards，I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received further treatment.
Only then was I aware of how important and practical a basic knowledge of first aid was.
[连句成篇]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
One day，Li Ming and I were walking back to the dorm from the boiler room when suddenly his thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused injuries to his feet.The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen.However，I managed to remain calm，quickly recalling what I had learnt in my first-aid class.I placed his feet under the cool running water right away to ease the pain.Afterwards，I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital where he received further treatment.
Only then was I aware of how important and practical a basic knowledge of first aid was.
[实战演练]
假设你是李华。在下午放学回家的路上，你发现邻居Bob叔叔因病躺在路边呼吸微弱，于是在路人的帮助下进行急救，并叫来救护车将其送往医院。请根据以上提示写一篇短文，记述整个过程。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
I was walking home after school this afternoon when I noticed my neighbour Uncle Bob lying by the roadside，unconscious.
It was clear that he nearly stopped breathing.With the help of the passers-by，I closed his nose with my fingers，and breathed into his mouth until he began to breathe smoothly again.One of the passers-by offered to call for an ambulance.Several minutes later，the ambulance arrived，and took him to the hospital.
The doctor said I had done a great job，saving the life of Uncle Bob.I felt proud of it.
课时分层作业
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共57张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Part Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
[疏通文脉 语篇探究]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
课时分层作业
04
[单元主题语境] 人与社会——急救与健康
1．The most important purpose of first aid is to save someone’s life.急救最重要的目的是救人性命。
2．Help people to start from the little things，not good for small.助人要从日常小事做起，不因善小而不为。
3．As long as everyone gives a little love，the world will become a beautiful world！只要人人都献出一点爱，世界将变成美好的人间！
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．first-aid ____________急救技能
2．its largest _______ 它的最大器官
3．the sun’s ______ 阳光
4．________________ 触觉
5．nuclear ___________ 核辐射
6．the top few _____________ of the skin 最上面几毫米的皮肤
7．________ household incidents 轻微的家庭事故
8．the top ________ of the skin 皮肤的顶层
9．a ________ of the war 战争受害者
techniques
organ
rays
sense of touch
radiation
millimetres
minor
layer
victim
10.__________ hands 肿胀的手
11．the issue _____________ 背后的问题
12．the ________ sticking to the burnt skin 粘在烧伤皮肤上的织物
13．a _______ clean cloth 一块宽松干净的布
14．an ________ need 迫切需要
15．to _______ the pain 减轻疼痛
16．_______ the burnt area 包扎烧伤部位
swollen
underneath
fabric
loose
urgent
ease
wrap
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．_________ vt.辐射出(光、热等) →radiation n．辐射；放射线
2．________ n．米→millimetre n．毫米；千分之一米
3．________ adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族
4．________ adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency n．紧迫；急迫；急事
5．________ adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.松弛地；零散地
radiate
metre
minor
urgent
loose
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．prevent...__________阻止……做……
2．lead _____导致；通向
3．be divided _______被分成
4．____ once 马上；立刻
5．stick ____坚持；粘住
6．make _______确信；证实
7．suffer _______忍受；遭受
8．________ of touch 触觉
9．first ______急救
10．a _________ of 各种各样的
from...
to
into
at
to
sure
from
sense
aid
variety
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句式公式：as引导的定语从句
As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
译文：____________________________________
2．句式公式：现在分词短语作状语
Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage.
译文：_______________________________________
可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
3．句式公式：if省略结构
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
译文：______________________________________________________________ _________________________
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起的织物。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
First Aid for Burns
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The passage mainly give us some information about ___________ for burns.
first aid
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项
1．What can we learn about the skin
A．It is the most important organ.
B．It can absorb the sun’s rays.
C．It makes us have our sense of touch.
D．It helps prevent us from burns.
2．What do second-degree burns affect
A．The top few millimetres of skin.
B．Below the top layer of the skin.
C．Every layer of the skin.
D．The tissue underneath the skin.
3．What is the characteristic of first-degree burns
A．Mildly swollen and painful.
B．Swollen and blisters.
C．Black and white.
D．Painful around edges.
4．What should you do if someone is suffering from third-degree burns
A．Place burns under cool running water.
B．Dry the burned area gently with a clean cloth.
C．Cover the burned area with a loose clean cloth.
D．Send him/her to the hospital at once.
5．The purpose of placing burns under cool running water is to ________．
A．prevent infection
B．break the blisters
C．reduce the pain and swelling
D．clean the skin
答案 1—5 CBADC
Ⅳ.选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)
A．getting burnt
B．giving first aid
C．losing too much water
D．Applying oil to the injured areas
E．depending on the depth of skin damage
F．sticking to the burnt skin
1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from ________，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.
2．As you can imagine，________ can lead to very serious injuries.
3．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is ________．
4．Burns are divided into three types，________．
5．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric ________．
答案 1—5 CABEF
Ⅴ.长难句分析
1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.
[句式分析] 句中_____连接表示顺承关系的四个并列谓语，其中when things are too hot or cold为______引导的时间状语从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________。
and
when
它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉
2．Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[句式分析] 句中_________________________________为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词为第三人称单数，as引导的是一个原因状语从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ____________________。
Applying oil to the injured areas
在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染
——词汇积累——
①an essential part of ……的重要组成部分
②act as 充当
③against disease抵御疾病
④the sun’s rays阳光
⑤prevent...from...阻止；防止
⑥sense of touch 触觉
⑦get burnt 烧伤
⑧lead to 导致
⑨give first aid 进行急救
⑩a variety of 各种各样的
radiation n．辐射；放射线
acid n．酸 adj.酸的；酸性的
be divided into被分为
depend on 根据；随……而定
the top few millimetres of the skin 皮肤表面几毫米
mild sunburn 轻微的晒伤
minor household incidents 轻微的家庭事故
below the top layer 表层以下
——教材原文——
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential part of① your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as② a barrier against disease③，toxins，and the sun’s rays④ .It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from⑤ losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold[1]，and gives you your sense of touch⑥.As you can imagine[2]，getting burnt⑦ can lead to⑧ very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid⑨.
[1]when引导时间状语从句。
[2]as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面主句的内容。
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety ofB10 things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation ，the sun，electricity，acids ，or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage[3].
[3]现在分词短语作方式状语。
●First-degree burns
These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin .These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents [4].
[4]过去分词短语作名词burns的后置定语。
●Second-degree burns
These go below the top layer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids[5].
[5]过去分词短语作名词burns的后置定语。
——课文译文——
烧伤急救
皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。你的皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和阳光的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时，给你警告，并使你有触觉。正如你想象的那样，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步是进行急救。
烧伤的原因
你会被各种各样的东西灼伤：热的液体、蒸汽、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
●一度烧伤：只影响皮肤表面几毫米。这些烧伤不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的灼伤。
●二度烧伤：位于皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由灼热的液体引起的烫伤。
●三度烧伤：会影响皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响到皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油火灾引起的烧伤。这些烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，患者必须马上去医院。
燃烧的特点
一度烧伤
●干燥、发红、微肿
●微痛
●受压时变白
二度烧伤
●发红、肿胀、起水泡、表层渗液
●极其疼痛
三度烧伤
●黑白相间
●肿胀；通常可看到皮下组织
●若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，在创面四周有疼感
急救处理
1．把烧伤的部位放在自来水下冲洗，特别是在开始的十分钟内。凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，减轻疼痛和肿胀。
2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤的地方。
3．如果有必要的话，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料粘在烧焦的皮肤上。
4．用一块宽松的干净布覆盖烧伤区域。在烧伤的地方涂油是不明智的，因为它会使里面的热散不出去，并可能导致感染。
5．如果是面部烧伤，确保患者还能呼吸。
6．如果患者属于二度或三度烧伤，就需要立即送他/她去医院。
语言知识研磨
03
1．sense of touch 触觉
(1)sense of responsibility/duty 责任感，责任心
sense of humor 幽默感，幽默
sense of belonging 归宿感，归属感
sense of smell 嗅觉
sense of beauty 美感；审美感
sense of direction 方向感
(2)in a sense 在某种意义上，在一定程度上
(3)make sense (of) 理解，弄懂
(4)there is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没意义
单句语法填空
①____ a sense，this is nothing new.
②It’s one of the ways we make sense _____the world.
完成句子
③A pianist or a violinist must have________________________．
钢琴家或小提琴家都必须有灵敏的触感。
④He had _________________________ and soon got lost.
他方向感很差，很快就迷路了。
单句写作
⑤___________________________________that someone else wants or expects.
过别人想要的或期望的生活是没意义的。 (应用文写作之建议信)
In
of
a delicate sense of touch
a poor sense of direction
There is no sense in living the best life
2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
(1)a minor matter 小事
a minor party 少数党
(2)minority n. [U，C]少数民族；少数
a/the minority of 少数的
be in the/a minority 占少数
单句语法填空
①This is ___ minor matter，but I actually think it is my life’s biggest pain.
②It is reported that women are in the___________ (minor)at the meeting.
③It’s clear that only a minority ____ people support these new laws.
单句写作
④That’s _________________________．We can leave it till later.
相对来说那是件小事。我们可以把它留到以后解决。(应用文写作之建议信)
a
minority
of
a relatively minor matter
3．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 n．解放；放任；放纵
(1) break loose from 摆脱，挣脱
on the loose 在逃；不受约束
come loose 松开来
let loose 释放
(2)loosen vt.(使)变松，(使)松开；放宽(限制、法律等)
单句语法填空
①There are ten prisoners ____ the loose.
②He told her not to ________(loose)the seat belt when he was driving.
③Marty wants to break loose ______ his parents’ authority.
单句写作
④He was dressed in _____________________．
他穿着一件白色的宽松衬衣。(读后续写之人物描写)
on
loosen
from
a white，loose shirt
4．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
(1)an urgent problem 急迫的问题
be urgent for sb.to do sth.急切地催促某人做某事
It is most urgent that... ……很紧急
(2)urgently adv. 紧急地，急迫地
(3)urgency n. 紧急，迫切；迫切需要；紧急的事
单句语法填空
①“Do you see it？” he demanded ___________(urgent).
②____ is urgent that food and clothing be sent to the stricken area.
③She was urgent for the doctor __________(come).
④The government must deal with this as a matter of __________ (urgent).
完成句子
⑤It can be easy to forget important tasks ____________________．
人们很容易忘记一些不紧急的重要任务。
urgently
It
to come
urgency
that aren’t urgent
5．ease vi.&vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在
(1)take one’s ease 使某人放松一下
at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
put sb.at ease 使某人感到轻松自在； 使某人安心
feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松
with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地
(2)ease sb.of sth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
单句语法填空
①Now he can set his mind _____ease because he has passed the examination _______ease.
②This medicine will ease you______your pain.
完成句子
③A smile is a sign that you are happy，which helps __________________．
微笑表示你感到高兴，它能使人感到自在。
at
with
of
put people at ease
6．as引导非限制性定语从句
(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”
(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换
(3)as引导限制性定语从句，其先行词的前面通常有such，the same 修饰，构成the same...as，such...as结构
单句语法填空
①This man，____ you know，is good for nothing.
②He borrowed the same book ____ the one I am reading.
完成句子
③____________________，running out of memory is a bad thing.
正如你可以想象的，内存耗尽是一件很糟糕的事情。
as
as
As you can imagine
单句写作(一句多译)
④China，_________________，has many beautiful places.
→_____________________ China has many beautiful places.
→___________________ is that China has many beautiful places.
众所周知，中国有许多风景优美的地方。(应用文写作之推荐地方)
as is well known
It is well known that
What is well known
7．there is a need to do sth.意为“有必要做某事”
there is no need(for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
完成句子
①Actually，_______________________________ whether you will win or lose.
事实上，你没必要担忧是否会成功。
②__________________________ prevent our earth from being polluted.
急需阻止我们的地球被污染。
③___________________ at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
there is no need to worry about
There is an urgent need to
There is no doubt
单句写作
④__________________________________________ in order to make your life colorful and meaningful.
你有必要平衡你的学习和生活，以使你的生活丰富而有意义。(应用文写作之建议信)
There is a need to balance your study and life
课时分层作业
04
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共16张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
单元知识清单
【重点单词】
1．___________ n．技能；技术；技艺
2．_______ n．(人或动植物的)器官
3．_____ n．光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
4．___________ n．辐射；放射线
5．______ n．酸adj.酸的；酸性的
6．________ n．受害者；患者
7．________ n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
8．______ vt.包、裹；(用手臂等)围住
9．_______ vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
technique
organ
ray
radiation
acid
victim
fabric
wrap
slip
10．__________ n．(pl.-oes，-os)蚊子
11．________ n．地毯
12．___________ n．救护车
13．_______ vi.&vt.推迟；延期(做某事)vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
14．________ n．针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
15．_______ n．病房
16．_______ n．踝；踝关节
17．_______ vi.&vt.(使)惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
18．________ vi.&vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
mosquito
carpet
ambulance
delay
needle
ward
ankle
panic
scream
19．________ adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
20．_______ vi.&vt.(使)窒息；(使)哽咽
21．_______ n．牛排；肉排
22．______ n．拳；拳头
23．______ vt.抓住；攫取n.抓取；抢夺
24．________ n．运动；移动
25．_________ vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
26．_________ n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利
27．__________ vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
28．________ n．郊区；城外
fellow
choke
steak
fist
grab
motion
justify
welfare
collapse
suburb
【拓展词汇】
1．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→___________ n．少数；少数民族
2．electric adj.电的；用电的；电动的→______________ n．电
3．nerve n．神经→_________ adj.神经紧张的
4．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→__________ adv.宽松地
5．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→_______ vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
6．ease vi.&vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n.容易；舒适；自在→_______ adj.简单的→_________ adv.简单地
7．operate v．操作；经营→___________ n．电话接线员；操作员→____________ n．操作；经营
minority
electricity
nervous
loosely
urge
easy
easily
operator
operation
8．drown vi.&vt.(使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没→____________ adj.快要淹死的→__________ adj.死的；溺亡的
9．bleed v．流血；失血→____________ n．流血；失血
10．interrupt vi.&vt.打断；打扰vt.使暂停；使中断→_______________ n．打断；打岔；中止
11．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→______________ adv.拼命地；绝望地
12．practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的→___________ n．实践；通常的做法
drowning
drowned
bleeding
interruption
desperately
practice
13．tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地→________ adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv.紧紧地；牢固地
14．foggy adj.有雾的→______ n．雾
15．membership n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数→__________ n．成员
tight
fog
member
【重点语块】
1.___________ 导致；通向
2._________________ 被分成
3.__________ 马上；立刻
4．__________ 坚持；粘住
5.____________ 确信；证实
6.______________ 忍受；遭受
7._________________ 阻止……做……
8．________________ 触觉
9.____________ 急救
lead to
be divided into
at once
stick to
make sure
suffer from
prevent...from...
sense of touch
first aid
10._______________ 各种各样的
11._____________________ 帮助某人站起身来
12.________________ 面朝上(朝下)
13.___________ 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
14.___________ 袖手旁观；继续支持
15.____________________ 担心
16.______________ 健康状况不好
17.__________ 需要
a variety of
help sb.to one’s feet
face up/down
sleep in
stand by
be concerned about
out of shape
in need
【重点结构】
1．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
可想而知，烧伤会造成严重伤害。
[句式仿写] 我们大家都知道，遵守交通规则是十分重要的。
________________，it’s vital to obey traffic rules.
2．Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage.
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。
[句式仿写] 出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着她提供的所有食物。
_________________________________，I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation.
As we all know
Understanding her good intentions
3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到织物与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
[句式仿写] 如果有可能的话，我将亲自去那里一趟。
____________，I’ll go there myself.
If possible
4．Chen Wei，a high school student in Beijing，had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.
北京高中生陈伟正在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来的客人尖叫声打断了他的进餐。
[句式仿写] 秦始皇把所有的城墙连接起来。
The Emperor Qinshihuang ___________________________．
5．It is so easy，in fact，that almost anyone can learn how.
事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。
[句式仿写] 他很聪明，能解决那个难题。
____________________ he can solve that difficult problem.
had all the walls joined up
He is so clever that
【语用知识】
【写佳作 背单词】
如果发生交通事故，有人受伤，可采用以下步骤治疗伤者。我们应该确保事故现场的安全，以免受伤。我们应该问问伤者是否没事，看看他是否有呼吸。如果他出血严重，我们应该通过对伤口施压来止血。如有必要，尽快将伤者送往医院。
【参考范文】
If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured，the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place，we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt.We should ask the injured person if he is OK，and see if he is breathing.If he is bleeding badly，it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury.If necessary，take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.
单元素养检测
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共50张PPT)
UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Part Ⅱ Learning About Language
[语法突破 精研细究]
动词-ing形式
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
1．It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.
2．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
3．The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
4．Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.
5．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
[我的发现]
句1中的v.-ing形式在句中作______；句2中的v.-ing形式在句中作______；句3中的v.-ing形式在句中作______；句4中的v.-ing形式在句中作______；句5中的v.-ing形式在句中作______。
宾语
主语
表语
定语
状语
Ⅲ.要点精析
一、动词-ing形式的基本情况
1．动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
2．动词-ing形式的时态和语态：
语态 时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Having studied his lessons very hard，he passed the exam.
努力学习功课，他通过了考试。
The building being built now will be finished next month.
正在建造的建筑物下个月将完工。
二、动词-ing形式作主语
1．v.-ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为，通常置于句首。
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.
重新读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于一个人保持健康。
【名师点津】 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2．有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主语。
It’s a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事没用/是值得的。
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事没好处/没用/没意思。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
劝说这种人加入我们是浪费时间。
It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
【名师点津】 v．-ing形式和to do都可以作主语。v.-ing形式作主语表示比较抽象的一般行为，to do作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.唱歌是我的爱好，在朋友的生日宴会上唱歌是我的梦想。
[即学即练1]
单句语法填空
①I can’t stand ___________ (work) with Jane in the same office.
②It’s no use ______________ (complain) without taking action.
③______________ (volunteer) just feels so good.
④_______________ (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.
working
Volunteering
Being invited
complaining
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语。接v.-ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：
avoid，miss，delay/put off 避免错过少延期
advise，finish，practise 建议完成多练习
enjoy，imagine，can’t help 喜欢想象禁不住
admit，deny，envy 承认否定与嫉妒
escape，risk，excuse 逃避冒险莫原谅
stand，keep，mind 忍受保持不介意
He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.
他承认在考试中查阅了笔记。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.
她忍受不了在公众场合被人看不起的感觉。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
2．作介词的宾语。在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语： be good at擅长；dream of梦想；care about在乎；be concerned about关心；be interested in对……感兴趣；feel like想要；insist on坚持；think of认为；aim at瞄准；set about开始做；be used to习惯于；get down to开始做；lead to导致；devote oneself to 献身于……；look forward to期待；stick to 坚持；pay attention to注意；give up放弃等。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我梦想着环游世界，过上幸福的生活。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I’m looking forward to your coming next time.
我期待着你下一次的到来。
3．在以下结构中，动词-ing形式作介词的宾语，介词常省略。
spend...(in/on) doing花费……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing...做……有困难/麻烦
stop/prevent...(from) doing阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing浪费时间做某事
be busy (in) doing忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing高兴做某事/费了很大劲做某事
There is no point (in) doing做某事毫无意义
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天总是忙于工作，这使他很少有时间和孩子一起玩。
There is no point giving him such a good chance.
给他提供这样一个好机会没有意义。
[即学即练2]
用所给词的适当形式填空
①I’m looking forward to __________ (hear) from you.
②He devotes himself to ___________ (look) into the matter.
③She likes spending much money _________ (buy) clothes for herself.
hearing
looking
buying
【名师点津】 动词-ing形式的复合结构的否定形式为：形容词性物主代词/代词(宾格)/名词/名词的所有格＋not doing...。
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰里未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。
(2)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词-ing作宾语。
①动词begin，start，continue等词后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词-ing形式作宾语，意义基本相同。
They continued discussing/to discuss the plan after having a rest.
休息了一会后，他们继续讨论这项计划。
②动词love，like，hate等后可跟动词-ing和不定式作宾语，但接动词-ing形式表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作。
I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.(习惯)我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。
It is a pleasant day today，so I love to have a walk with my friend.(具体)今天是个令人愉快的日子，所以我想和朋友一起散散步。
③一些动词后既可跟动词-ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别。
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯。
The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还亮着。他忘记关了。
(4)在动词need，require，want，deserve后，用动词-ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/deserve to be done。
These clothes need washing.＝These clothes need to be washed.这些衣服需要洗。
The house requires repairing.＝The house requires to be repaired.这套房子需要修理。
(5)在(be) worth后面只能用动词-ing形式来表示被动意义。
The film is worth seeing a second time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
[即学即练3]
单句语法填空
①I remember ________ (see) her before，but I can’t remember when it was.
②You must remember _________ (tell) Jackson the news tonight.
③I didn’t mean __________ (visit) him yesterday afternoon.
④Giving up your plan means ________ (lose) a large amount of money.
⑤All of us stopped _________ (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.
⑥She felt thirsty，so she stopped ________ (get) a drink of water.
seeing
to tell
to visit
losing
talking
to get
四、动词-ing形式作表语
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．动名词(短语)作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
One of his weaknesses is telling lies.
＝Telling lies is one of his weaknesses.
他的缺点之一就是说谎。
His hobby is reading books in his spare time.
＝Reading books in his spare time is his hobby.
他的爱好是在业余时间读书。
2．现在分词(短语)作表语，表示主语的某种性质和特征，这类分词通常可以看作形容词。
Her performance is very entertaining，which brings us much pleasure.
她的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多乐趣。
The trip is very exciting，and we have decided to have a similar one.
这次旅行很是激动人心，我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。
【名师点津】 作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
[即学即练4]
单句语法填空
①Going into hospital can be very _____________ (frighten) for a child.
②Henry’s job is ___________________ (teach) physics in a local middle school.
③Your task is ___________ (clean) the old car over there on your own.
frightening
teaching/to teach
cleaning
五、动词-ing形式作定语
1．动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲，常置于被修饰的名词前。
There is a swimming pool in our school.
我们学校有一个游泳池。
Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.
在阅览室里学生们不被允许大声喧哗。
2．现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.＝The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.＝ The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.
那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。
【名师点津】 单个的现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词前；现在分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词后。
[即学即练5]
单句语法填空
①The topic _________________ (discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention.
②Grandma came into my bedroom with a __________ (walk) stick in her hand.
being discussed
walking
六、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。
1．动词-ing位于感官动词后：feel，smell，listen to，hear，watch，see，notice，observe 等。
I felt someone patting me on the shoulder.
我感觉有人在拍我的肩膀。
When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone swimming in it.
当他经过游泳池时，他看见有人在游泳。
【名师点津】 动词-ing形式与动词不定式在感官动词后的意义
在see，hear，watch等感官动词后，用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I heard Mary singing in the next room.(动作正在进行)
我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night.(动作全过程)昨晚我听到玛丽在隔壁唱歌。
2．动词-ing形式位于使役动词后：have，keep，get，leave，set，make，send等。
She couldn’t have him getting away with telling lies.
她不能容忍他撒了谎而不受惩罚。
Please don’t keep the little boy staying alone.
不要让这个小男孩独自待着。
3．用于with复合结构中。
I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on.
由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。
With so many people looking at her，she feels nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
[即学即练6]
句型转换
①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life.
→____________________，we will have a better and better life.
②I saw that they were coming across the street.
→I saw ___________________ the street.
③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.
→I stood on the bridge and watched _________________．
With time passing by
them coming across
boats passing by
七、动词-ing形式作状语
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1．作时间状语。
Hearing the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
＝When he heard the news，he couldn’t help laughing.
一听到那个消息，他禁不住大笑起来。
2．作原因状语。
Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
＝As I don’t know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.
由于不知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。
3．作条件状语。
Working hard，you’ll surely succeed.
＝If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed.
如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
4．作结果状语。
The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.
＝The child slipped and fell，and hit his head against the door.
那个孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。
【名师点津】 现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。
I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。
5．作让步状语。
Having been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.
尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
6．作伴随状语。
Morris lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time.
＝Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.
莫里斯躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branches.
＝The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，and cut the branches.
那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。
7．作方式状语。
He came running back to tell me the news.
他跑回来告诉我这个消息。
【名师点津】 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边正在读一本书。
[即学即练7]
句型转换(用非谓语动词转换句子)
①It rained heavily and it caused great damage.
→It rained heavily，_____________________．
②After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out.
→_______________________，the boy rushed out.
③All night long he lay awake and he thought of the problem.
→All night long he lay awake，________________________．
causing great damage
Having eaten his dinner
thinking of the problem
8．现在分词作状语时的注意事项。
(1)为强调v.-ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when，while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before，after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。
Though knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。
(2)having done作状语，表示现在分词的动作先发生，谓语动词的动作后发生。
Having finished the letter，he went to post it.
他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)
(3)v.-ing形式的否定式：not＋v.-ing; not having＋v.-ed
Not knowing this，he didn’t come.
他不知道这件事，所以没来。
Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.
因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。
(4)有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……来判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。
Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.
从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。
[即学即练8]
单句语法填空
①________________ (work) for three hours，he took a rest.
②Tom came __________ (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.
③______________ (spend) all his money，the boy had to give his mother a call.
Having worked
dashing
Having spent
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