(共42张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Part Ⅲ Using Language
[语言集释 练透基础]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．an unfortunate __________ 一次不幸的事故
2．at the _______ 在审判中
3．__________ thoughts and feelings 内心的想法和感受
4．_________ the effects of these changes 评估这些变化的影响
5．a relaxed _______ 休闲姿势
6．_______ his head 弯下他的头
7．_________ a secret 泄露一条秘密
8．_________ a problem 澄清问题
9．have a __________ to do sth. 有做……的倾向
accident
trial
internal
assess
pose
bend
reveal
clarify
tendency
10．have one’s head __________ 低下某人的头
11．________ much space 占用大量空间
12．________ out of the window or up at the _________ 盯着窗外或天花板看
13．It is easy to __________. 容易察觉。
14．_____________ from 区别于
15．experience learning _________ 体验学习焦虑
16．an _____________ silence 难堪的沉默
17．stop ___________ me 停止烦我
18．have serious ___________ with other students 与其他学生发生严重的冲突
19．_________ into the problem 调查问题
lowered
occupy
stare
ceiling
perceive
distinguish
anxiety
embarrassed
bothering
conflicts
inquire
20．____________ conclude 最终得出结论
21．________ class activities 调整课堂活动
22．_______ to body language 对肢体语言做出反应
23．an important ____________ of being a teacher 成为一名教师的重要组成部分
ultimately
adjust
react
component
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．______________ adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrass vt.使局促不安 →embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
2．_________ n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.焦急的，焦虑的
3．__________ n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育；教育学；训练
4．_________ vt.占据；占用→occupation n．占领；占据
5．__________ n．趋势；倾向→tend vi.趋向；易于
6．___________ adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的→verbal adj.口头的；用言语的
embarrassed
anxiety
educator
occupy
tendency
nonverbal
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．_______________ 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
2．_________ 有某种影响；在工作
3．_________ (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
4．________________ 换句话说；也就是说
5．stare at ________________
6．make a joke __________
7．tend to do sth._______________________________
8．react to ______________
straighten up
at work
call on
in other words
凝视；盯着看
开玩笑
易于做某事；往往会发生某事
对……反应
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句式公式：it is hard to do sth.
At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.
译文：________________________________________________________________ ______________
2．句式公式：whatever引导宾语从句
People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.
译文：____________________________________
同时，在一个有40多名学生的教室里，很难与每个人进行多次一对一的谈话。
人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。
3．句式公式：with＋宾语＋adj.
It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
译文：_____________________________
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
The text is an ___________from a teacher who demonstrates how he ____________________his students’ body language to better help his teaching.
account
observes/looks at
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项。
1．How does the writer know what is going on in the students’ minds
A．By asking them questions.
B．By having one-on-one conversations.
C．By watching their body language.
D．By learning about their habits.
2．How do students feel when they lean forward and look at the writer
A．Confused. B．Interested.
C．Surprised. D．Bored.
3．What do students usually do when they are worried
A．Have their arms crossed.
B．Have their legs closed.
C．Wear a frown.
D．Brush their hair.
4．Where is the text likely to be taken from
A．A social magazine.
B．A science book.
C．A research report.
D．A health magazine.
5．What can we infer about the author
A．He is very careful.
B．He is very strict.
C．He is very generous.
D．He is very warm-hearted.
答案 1－5 CBCAA
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
[句式分析] while it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted是while引导的____________从句，在这个从句中it是形式主语，不定式to perceive是真正的主语；在这个从句中when students are interested，bored，or distracted为________从句。 it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled是主句，在主句中____是形式主语，不定式to distinguish是真正的主语，在这个主句中也含有一个________引导的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________
让步状语
宾语
it
when
尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
2．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.
[句式分析] who引导________从句，修饰先行词students，谓语用的是have sth.done结构，表示“某事被做”；like后是一个________从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
定语
宾语
愤怒、恐惧或焦虑的学生可能会双臂交叉在胸前，双腿紧闭或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体。
语言知识研磨
03
1．tendency n.趋势；倾向
(1)have a tendency to do sth.倾向于做某事
a tendency to/towards... ……的倾向/趋势
(2)tend v．倾向；易于
tend to do sth.易于做某事，往往会发生某事
tend towards... 有……的趋势，倾向于……
单句语法填空
①Nowadays many people have a ___________ (tend) to give up/quit smoking due to its bad effects.
由于吸烟的不良影响，现如今许多人倾向于戒烟。
②There is an increasing tendency for women __________ (have) children later in life.
女性晚育趋势不断上升。
③It means that more heat energy tends _______________(trap)in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这就意味着更多的热能被困在了大气层中，因而造成了全球气温上升。
tendency
to have
to be trapped
单句写作
④When I’m tired，_________________________．
我累了就容易出错。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I tend to make mistakes
2．occupy vt.占据；占用
(1)be occupied in doing sth./with sth. 忙于做某事
occupy oneself with/in doing sth. 忙于做某事； 专心于做某事
keep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌
(2)occupation n．占用； 职业
[知识延伸] 下列短语也表示“忙于做某事”： be engaged in doing sth.；be busy in doing sth./with sth.; be buried in doing sth.
单句语法填空
①She is fully occupied ____ looking after three small children.
她忙于照料三个小孩儿。
②You need to find something to occupy ___________(you) with when you retire.
当你退休的时候，你需要找些事情让自己忙起来。
③You will be asked to fill in a form with details of your birth and ____________ (occupy).
你会被要求填写一张有关你的出生和职业详情的表格。
in
yourself
occupation
句型转换
④She occupied herself with routine office tasks and had no time to attend to her children.
她忙于日常的办公室工作，没有时间照顾孩子。(读后续写之日常描写)
→________________________________________，she had no time to attend to her children.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→_________________________________，she had no time to attend to her children.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Occupying herself with routine office tasks
Occupied with routine office tasks
3．distinguish vt.& vi.区分；辨别
(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from... 使……有别于……
distinguish oneself by... 某人因……而突出
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
单句语法填空
①Honestly speaking，I admire your ________________ (distinguish) achievements.
诚实地说，我真羡慕你卓越的成就。
②Because Tu Youyou is distinguished _____ her great breakthrough，she has won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
屠呦呦的重大突破使她享有盛誉，因此获得了2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
distinguished
for
单句写作
③You should learn to ___________________________________．
你应学会明辨是非。 (应用文写作之建议信)
④She __________________________________in our class for she is always willing to help others.
她和我们班其他学生不同，因为她总是很乐意帮助他人。 (读后续写之人物描写)
distinguish between right and wrong
is distinguished from other students
4．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的
(1)be/feel embarrassed about/at... 对……感到难为情/不知所措
be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
(2)embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
embarrass vt.使尴尬
embarrassment n．窘迫；尴尬
单句语法填空
①I was embarrassed____________ his unexpected question.
他突然的发问使我不知所措。
②Now he is in an _______________ (embarrass)situation.
现在他处境尴尬。
③My face turned red with _______________ (embarrass).
我窘得脸都红了。
单句写作
④He was very _______________________________________________．
他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。 (读后续写之情绪描写)
at/about
embarrassing
embarrassment
embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him
5．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便
(1)bother sb.with/about sth.因某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother to do sth. 操心做某事
It bothers sb.that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是……
(2)get into a bother 陷入麻烦
look for bother 找麻烦
单句语法填空
①In this kind of high-pressure situation，many leaders bother their assistants _____________ frequent meetings.
在这种高压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。
②You don’t bother ________ (get)dinner for me today，I’ll eat out.
今天不用特意为我准备饭了，我要在外边吃。
一句多译
③没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。
→____________________ have told him the truth.
→___________________ I haven’t told him the truth.
with/about
to get
It bothers me not to
It bothers me that
[名师点拨] bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物” “讨厌的人”讲时，用作可数名词。
6．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯
(1)adjust...to... 调整……以适应……
adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……
(2)adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make an adjustment to 对……作出调整
单句语法填空
①It took her a while to adjust to _________(live)alone.
她过了一段时间才适应独自生活。
②However，I think that you will quickly adjust ____ them although the weather and the food are different from yours.
然而，虽然天气和食物与你那儿的有所不同，我相信你会很快适应的。
单句写作
③You’ll quickly _____________________________．
你将很快适应学生生活。(应用文写作之建议信)
living
to
adjust yourself to student life
7．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应
(1)react to (对……)作出反应；回应
react with (和……)起化学反应；发生物理变化
react against 反对；反抗
react on/upon 对……起作用/有影响
(2)reaction n．反应；回应
单句语法填空
①How do you think John will react ____ her
你认为约翰将怎样回应她？
②The chemist teacher shows us how iron reacts _______ air and water.
化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水发生反应的。
③The boy often reacts _________ his parents，which makes his parents very upset.
这个男孩经常和父母对抗，这使他的父母非常生气。
④Her parents’ ___________ (react)to the news was surprisingly calm.
她父母对那条消息的反应出乎意料地平静。
to
with
against
reaction
单句写作
⑤Only when we ______________________ in life calmly can we solve problems in a better way．
只有当我们冷静应对生活中的紧急状况时，我们才能更好地解决问题。(应用文写作之建议信)
react to emergencies
8．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构
单句语法填空
①In the afternoon，with nothing ________(do)，I went to the bookstore.
因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。
②The boy was crying with the toy _________ (break).
玩具破了，那个男孩在哭。
③The student fell asleep with the light_____．
这个学生开着灯就睡着了。
to do
broken
on
单句写作
④___________________________________，the missing boy found his home eventually.
在这个年轻人的带领下，失踪的男孩终于找到了自己的家。(读后续写之事件描述)
With the young man leading the way
谢 谢 观 看(共17张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Part Ⅳ Writing [写作培优 表达升格]
[写作任务]
本单元的写作任务是写一篇有关肢体语言的作文。对肢体语言的介绍或描述属于说明文的范畴。在写作过程中，切忌对要点简单罗列，要注意要点之间的逻辑性，也就是要按照一定的顺序逐一阐述，有详有略。另外要把连词用好，句式要有一定的变化，不要太单调。
[写作实践]
肢体语言在日常交流中起着重要的作用，请根据下面的提示写一篇英语短文介绍肢体语言，并给校英文报投稿。内容要点如下：
1．肢体语言的作用(如最重要的交际方式之一等);
2．在不同文化中了解肢体语言的重要性。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[思路点拨]
体裁 说明文
人称 第二、三人称
时态 一般现在时态
结构 简介→正文→结语
[话题词汇]
1．__________________________________________________ 最重要的交际方式之一
2．_____________________________________ 在……起着重要的作用
3．_____________________ 面部表情
4．____________________________________ 因国而异
5．_______________________________________ 手势和动作的意义
6．___________________________ 使我们容易被理解
one of the most powerful means of communication
play a great/an important role/part in...
facial expression
vary/differ from country to country
the meaning of gestures and movements
make us easily understood
[由词扩句]
1．肢体语言是最重要的交际方式之一。
Body language is _______________________________________________．
2．它在与他人交流中起着很大的作用。
It _____________________ communicating with others.
3．当我们与他人交谈时，我们可以使用语言、面部表情和身体动作。
When we talk with others，we can _____________________________ and body movements．
4．身体语言因国而异。
Body language ______________________________．
one of the most powerful means of communication
plays a great role in
use words，facial expressions
varies from country to country
5．了解外国的手势和动作的意义是很重要的。
_______________ to know the meaning of gestures and movements in a foreign country.
6．正确地使用肢体语言会使我们在外国很容易被人理解。
Using body language in a correct way will _________________________ in a foreign country.
7．我认为在我们的日常生活中学习和使用肢体语言是很有必要的。
I think ___________________________________________ in our daily life.
It is important
make us easily understood
it is necessary to learn and use body language
[句式升级]
8．把句3用not just...but also...升级，同时升级为状语从句的省略句。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
9．把句7升级为it作形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语的句子。
_______________________________________________________________
When talking with others，we can not just use words，but also use facial expressions and body movements.
I think it necessary to learn and use body language in our daily life.
[连句成篇]
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication.It plays a great role in communicating with others.When talking with others，we can not just use words，but also use facial expressions and body movements.
Body language varies from country to country.As a result，it is important to know the meaning of gestures and movements in a foreign country.Using body language in a correct way will make us easily understood in a foreign country.
In a word，I think it necessary to learn and use body language in our daily life.
[实战演练]
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter即将随父母到另一个国家待一段时间，他非常担心因为语言不通，无法交流。请你给他写一封电子邮件。要点如下：
1．可以借助肢体语言进行交流；
2．举例说明肢体语言所表达的意义；
3．提醒他不同的文化下肢体语言的意义有所不同。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Peter，
I’m sorry to hear you are upset about moving to a foreign country，and concerned you’ll have difficulty communicating with people there.Be relaxed，because as a form of nonverbal communication，body language，playing an increasingly important role in our daily life，will help you a lot.
When you are talking with others，you can use not only words，but also facial expressions and gestures.For example，waving one’s hand is meant to say “Goodbye” and clapping hands means congratulations.However，even the same body language is likely to show completely opposite meanings in different cultures.To avoid misunderstanding，you’re supposed to do homework about the country you are going to.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
课时分层作业
点击进入Word
谢 谢 观 看(共15张PPT)
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
单元知识清单
【重点词汇】
1．_____________ vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
2．_________ n．手势；姿势；姿态
3．_________ vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
4．___________ adj.相同的
5．___________ vt.把……理解(解释)为 vi.& vt.口译
6．_________ n．隔阂；障碍
7．______ adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
8．__________ n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
9．_______ n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
demonstrate
gesture
witness
identical
interpret
barrier
fake
incident
trial
10．_______ vt.& vi.(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
11．________ vt.揭示；显示；露出
12．_________ vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
13．________ vt.把……放低；降低；减少 adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
14．_______ vt.意味着；暗示
15．________ adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚
16．_______ vi.盯着看；凝视 n．凝视
17．__________ vt.分散(注意力)；使分心
18．__________ vt.察觉；看待；理解
19．________ adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
bend
reveal
clarify
lower
imply
barely
stare
distract
perceive
merely
20．________ vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心 n．麻烦；不便
21．_______ vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪
22．__________ n．矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触
23．_________(＝enquire)vi.& vt.询问；打听
24．____________ adv.最终；最后
bother
weep
conflict
inquire
ultimately
【拓展词汇】
1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→__________ vt.&vi.相互影响，互相作用
2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 →_________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→_________ n．变化；多样性；种类
3．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→___________ n．赞成；批准
4．differ vi.相异；不同于→___________ adj.不同的→____________ n．不同；差异
5．anger n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→_______ adj.生气的
6．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→______ vi.依赖；依靠
7．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→___________ n．雇主；老板→___________ n．雇员
interact
various
variety
approval
different
difference
angry
rely
employer
employee
8．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的→________________ adv.合适地；恰当地
9．slightly adv.略微；稍微→________ adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的
10．assess vt.评估；评价→_____________ n．评价；评定
11．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→____________ vt.使局促不安→______________ adj.令人尴尬的
12．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→_________ adj.焦急的，焦虑的
13．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→ __________ vt.教育；训练→___________ adj.受过教育的；有教养的→____________ n．教育；教育学； 训练
14．adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→____________ n．调整，调节
15．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→________ n．羞耻，羞愧
appropriately
slight
assessment
embarrass
embarrassing
anxious
educate
educated
education
adjustment
shame
16．occupy vt.占据；占用→_____________ n．占领；占据
17．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→ ___________ n．反应，回应
18．tendency n．趋势；倾向→_______ vi.趋向；易于
19．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的→________ adj.口头的；用言语的
20．distinguish vi.&vt.区分；辨别→_______________ adj.著名的；卓越的
occupation
reaction
tend
verbal
distinguished
【重点短语】
1．_____________相比之下
2．_______________(与……)相比较
3．_________________推理；推断
4．_____________消除；分解；打破
5．_______________________ 吻某人的脸颊
6．______________ 通过
7．___________________ 摇头
8．_______________站得离……近
9．______________直起来；整理；收拾整齐
by contrast
by comparison
make inferences
break down
kiss sb.on the cheek
get through
shake one’s head
stand close to
straighten up
10．_________有某种影响；在工作
11．_________(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
12．_______________换句话说；也就是说
13．__________凝视；盯着看
14．___________ 开玩笑
15．________________ 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
16．__________对……反应
at work
call on
in other words
stare at
make a joke
tend to do sth.
react to
【重点结构】
1．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
[句式仿写] 对工作方式做一些小的改变会比较容易。
It’s quite easy to make quite small changes to ______________________．
2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
[句式仿写] 她唱歌多么动听啊！我没有听过更好听的。
How beautifully she sings！I _______________________________．
the way that you work
have never heard a better voice
3．Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.
[句式仿写] 笨人并不是老是犯错误。
A foolish man __________________________________．
4．It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
[句式仿写] 她母亲坐在椅子上，头低着。
Her mother sat on the chair _____________________．
5．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored，or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.
[句式仿写] 汤姆虽然有许多优点，但也有缺点。
_______________________________Tom has his shortcomings.
doesn’t make a mistake all the time
with her head down
While he has many good points，
【语用知识】
【写佳作 背单词】
在我们与他人的交流中，表达自己的方式需要根据情况而变化。肢体语言很重要，也很可靠。相比之下，它有时候比口头语言更恰当。微笑在所有文化中都是被认可的，因为它表现出礼貌，可以打破障碍。如果你想隐藏诸如愤怒或焦虑等情绪，或者当你感到羞愧或尴尬时，假笑也是必要的。当然，我们可以推断出微笑的真实性。世界各地的肢体语言各不相同。不同的文化可能使用不同的姿态来表达相同的感受。在一些文化中，人们见面时喜欢握手或者弯腰鞠躬。相比之下，在其他地方，人们可能会亲吻朋友的脸颊。你还可以看到有些人把OK的手势理解为零。
【参考范文】
In our interactions with other people，the way we express ourselves needs to vary with the situation.Body language is important and reliable.By contrast，it is sometimes more appropriate than spoken language.A smile is always approved of in all cultures because it demonstrates politeness and can break down barriers.A fake smile is also necessary if you want to hide feelings like anger or anxiety，or when you feel ashamed or embarrassed.Of course，we can make inferences about the truth of the smile.Body language differs around the world.Different cultures may employ different gestures to express the identical feelings.In some cultures，people favour shaking hands or bowing from the waist when they meet.By comparison，elsewhere，people may kiss their friends on the cheek.You can also witness that some people interpret the gesture for OK as zero.
单元素养检测
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UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Part Ⅱ Learning About Language
[语法突破 精研细究]
Ⅰ.语法图解
Ⅱ.自主领悟
1．(教材原句)The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.
2．(教材原句)However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.
3．(教材原句)Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
4．(教材原句)A good way of saying“I am full”is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
我的发现：动词-ing形式可以放在部分________后作宾语，放在__________后面作表语。
动词
系动词
Ⅲ.要点精析
一、动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗子吗？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
[即学即练1]
用动词的适当形式填空
①To help us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested __________ (read) through our notes.
②He doesn’t really mean __________(work) here，which means __________(leave) the job soon afterwards.
③The deer was lucky and it just escaped _______________(catch) by the hunter.
④And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid _________ (eat)with heavier people who order large portions.
⑤Can you imagine _________ (live)alone on a lonely island for a month
reading
to work
leaving
being caught
eating
living
2．作介词的宾语
在下面的短语中，常用动词-ing形式作介词的宾语：insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，devote to，get/be used to，pay attention to，be worth等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
[即学即练2]
完成句子
①It is useful for someone who is trying to _________________．
这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。
②I have never _____________________________．
我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
③It’s quite hot today.Do you ___________________________
今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？
④I’m ___________________________________．
我盼望收到你的来信。
⑤Thank you for _________________________．
感谢你给我提供了这么多帮助。
give up smoking
dreamed of visiting that place
feel like going for a swim
looking forward to hearing from you
offering me so much help
[名师点拨] (1)在有些动词的后面，如：start，begin，continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。
(2)在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.
他喜欢游泳，但今天下午他不喜欢游泳。
3．其他情况
(1)有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记去做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做某事
doing 停止做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮着去做某事
doing sth. 禁不住做某事
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
I forgot to tell you about it.
我忘记把这事告诉你。
I forgot giving it to you yesterday.
我忘记昨天已把它给你了。
I regret not working hard.
我后悔没有努力工作。
I regret to hear of your sister’s death.
我遗憾地听到你姐姐去世的消息。
I can’t help to clean the house with so much work to do.
有这么多的工作要做，我不能帮你打扫房间了。
She can’t help laughing at the thought of the joke he told her.
一想到他告诉她的笑话，她就忍不住笑了。
(2)用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是v.-ing形式。其结构如下：sb.＋动词＋it＋adj.＋doing。常用动词有：think，consider，find，feel，believe等。
I found it useless/no use crying about it.
我发现因为这件事哭泣没用。
(3)主动形式表示被动意义
下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing＝ need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
[即学即练3]
用动词的适当形式填空/同义句转换
①I mean ___________ (change)it for another one.
②Missing the train means _________(wait) for another hour.
③I remembered _________ (lock)the door before I left the office，but forgot _________ (turn) off the lights.
④The question deserved discussing.
→_____________________________________
⑤The window needs to be cleaned.
→___________________________
to change
waiting
to lock
to turn
The question deserved to be discussed.
The window needs cleaning.
二、动词-ing形式作表语
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词有“令人……的”含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.
这个论点很令人信服。
[名师点拨] 不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[即学即练4]
(1)试判断下列句中动词-ing形式的类型：
A．动名词 B．现在分词
①My hobby is collecting stamps._____
②What you said is really inspiring._____
③What I am tired of is waiting here alone._____
(2)对比翻译
④他的工作是粉刷墙。
_________________________
⑤他的工作是粉刷这面墙。
__________________________
A
B
A
His job is painting walls.
His job is to paint the wall.
课时分层作业
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UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
Part Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
[疏通文脉 语篇探究]
文本
目
录
基础知识初识
01
语篇整体理解
02
语言知识研磨
03
CONTENTS
课时分层作业
04
[单元主题语境] 人与自我——肢体语言
1．Language is a marvellous art and we know each other by it.语言是一门奇妙的艺术，我们通过它相互认识。
2．Language serves as the bridge for communications and the bond for friendship.语言是沟通的桥梁，是友谊的纽带。
3．Nodding and smiling while someone is talking shows you’re listening，which indicates you’re interested in what the person is saying.在别人说话时点头和微笑表示你在听，这表明你对对方所说的话感兴趣。
基础知识初识
01
Ⅰ.词汇认知
1．in our ______________ with other people 在我们与他人的互动中
2．______ from culture to culture 因文化而异
3．be ______________to the culture 与文化相适应
4．__________ of the plan 赞成这个计划
5．_____________ respect for other cultures 展示对其他文化的尊重
6．_________ the first sunrise of a new year 目睹新年的第一缕曙光
7．_________ the gesture 使用手势
8．an ___________ gesture 一个相同的手势
9．___________ it as meaning zero 把它理解为零
interactions
vary
appropriate
approve
demonstrate
witness
employ
identical
interpret
10．________ around the world 在全世界不一样
11．on the ________ 在脸颊上
12．________ shaking hands 喜欢握手
13．______ from the waist 弯腰鞠躬
14．break down __________ 打破障碍
15．hide feelings like ________，fear，or worry 隐藏愤怒、恐惧或担心等情绪
16．a more __________ guide for understanding someone’s feelings 一个更可靠的指南来理解别人的感受
differ
cheek
favour
bow
barriers
anger
reliable
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．______ vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 →various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样性；种类
2．__________ vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；批准
3．________ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同；差异
4．________ n．愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的
5．__________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；依靠
6．___________ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n．雇员
vary
approve
differ
anger
reliable
employ
Ⅲ.短语记忆
1．_____contrast 相比之下
2．_____ comparison (与……)相比较
3．________inferences 推理；推断
4．break _______ 消除；分解；打破
5．kiss sb._____the cheek 吻某人的脸颊
6．get __________ 通过
7．_________one’s head 摇头
8．stand close ____ 站得离……近
by
by
make
down
on
through
shake
to
Ⅳ.句式感悟
1．句式公式：when doing...
In Japan，it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.
译文：__________________________________________________________
2．句式公式：动名词作主语；时间状语从句的省略
Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．
译文：___________________________________________________
在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。
双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼表示“睡觉”。
3．句式公式：比较级的否定形式表示最高级含义
And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
译文：________________________________________________________________ __________
并且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
语篇整体理解
02
Ⅰ.文章结构理解
Ⅱ.主旨大意总结
This passage is mainly about the ____________ of body language in different countries or regions，and the _____________ to properly use body language when in other countries.
difference
importance
Ⅲ.文本内容探究
根据课文内容选择正确选项。
1．What can we know from Paragraph 1
A．Words speak louder than body language.
B．Body language is more useful than words.
C．People prefer to express their feelings in words.
D．Body language plays an important role in daily communications.
2．What does the gesture for “OK” mean in Japan
A．Zero. B．Money.
C．Good. D．Certain.
3．What do people in Russia usually do when meeting friends
A．Bow from the waist.
B．Shake hands.
C．Kiss them on the cheek.
D．Nod the head.
4．What will you do to express “I’m full”？
A．Placing your hands together.
B．Placing your hands on the stomach.
C．Shaking your head.
D．Moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
5．Which of the following has many different uses
A．Moving hands. B．Holding arms.
C．Crying. D．Smiling.
答案 1—5 DBCDD
Ⅳ.语境填句
选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息(其中有一项是多余的)。
A．Making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries
B．and nodding means “yes”
C．shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head
D．moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal
E．seeing the smiling face of a good friend
F．encountering an identical gesture
1．A good way of saying “I am full” is ________．
2．And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than ________．
3．________ is a way to display interest.
4．In many countries，shaking one’s head means “no”，________．
5．Elsewhere，when they meet someone else people favour________．
答案 1—5 DEABC
Ⅴ.长难句分析
1．Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
[句式分析] 该句为but引导的________句；people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands为省略关系词that或in which的________从句。
[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________ _____________________________
并列
定语
言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
2．There are also differences in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part.
[句式分析] 该句为how引导的三个并列________从句作介词in的宾语；when we meet or part为 when引导的____________从句。
[尝试翻译] _________________________________________________________ _______________________________
宾语
时间状语
差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们与谈话对象的距离，以及我们见面或告别时的行为。
——词汇积累——
①thought n．想法；看法；主意
②interaction/ nt r k n/ n．交流；相互影响
③vary/ ve ri/ vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
*vary from...to...由……到……不等
④crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
⑤appropriate/ pr pri t/adj.合适的；恰当的
*be appropriate for/to 适合……
⑥by contrast相比之下
⑦approve/ pru v/ vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
*approve of赞同，同意
⑧demonstrate/ dem nstre t/ vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
⑨look down 俯视，向下看
⑩gesture/ d est (r)/ n．手势；姿势；姿态
witness/ w tn s/ vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
*witness sb.doing sth.见到某人做某事
employ/ m pl / vt.使用；应用；雇用
identical/a dent kl/ adj.相同的
be identical to/with与……一样
——教材原文——
LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts① and opinions in our interactions② with other people.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language[1].Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands [2]can also give us information about their feelings.
[1]what people are thinking是about的宾语从句； by watching their body language用作方式状语。
[2]people stand...their hands是定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
Just like spoken language，body language varies③ from culture to culture.The crucial④ thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate⑤ to the culture you are in[3].For example，making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.In other countries，by contrast⑥，eye contact is not always approved⑦ of.For example，in many Middle Eastern countries，men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact.In Japan，it may demonstrate⑧ respect to look down⑨ when talking to an older person[4].
[3]动名词短语 using body language...作表语。that is appropriate to the culture you are in是定语从句，修饰先行词a way，这个句子中的you are in也是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。
[4]when talking to an older person是省略句，补充完整应为 when they are talking to an older person。
The gesture⑩ for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture [5]might think it means money.In France，a person encountering an identical gesture[6]may interpret it as meaning zero.However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.
[5]who witnesses another person employing the gesture是who引导的定语从句，修饰主语someone。
[6]encountering an identical gesture是现在分词短语作定语，修饰名词a person。
[7]we use for “yes” and “no” 是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the gestures。
[8]how we touch...，how close we stand...，and how we act...是三个由how引导的并列的宾语从句。其中，we are talking to是定语从句，修饰先行词someone；when we meet or part是时间状语从句。
[9]when they meet someone else是时间状语从句。
——课文译文——
倾听身体的诉说
在与他人交流时，我们既使用言语也通过身势语来表达我们的想法和观点。通过观察别人的身势语，我们可以了解很多他们的想法。言语固然重要，但是人们站立、握紧手臂、移动双手的方式也能帮助我们了解他们的情绪。
就像口头语言一样，身势语因文化而异。关键是使用身势语的方式要与你所处的文化相适应。例如，在有些国家，眼神交流——看着别人的眼睛——是表现兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，男女不允许在社交场合进行眼神交流。在日本，和年长的人讲话时，目光向下以表示尊敬。
“OK” 这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，如果看到另一个人用这个手势，可能认为这意味着钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为 “零”。但是在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。
甚至我们用来表示 “是” 与 “不是” 的手势，在世界各地也不同。在许多国家，摇头表示 “不”，点头表示 “是”。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，这两种手势的含义是相反的。差异还表现在我们彼此接触的方式，我们与谈话对象的距离，以及我们见面或告别时的行为。在法国和俄罗斯这样的国家，人们和朋友见面时可能会亲吻他们的脸颊。在其他地方，人们见面时更喜欢握手，弯腰鞠躬或者点头。
有些手势似乎在每个地方都有相同的含义。双手并拢放在头的一侧，同时闭上眼睛表示 “睡觉”。用餐后轻轻用手在胃部转圈表示 “我饱了”。
有些身势语有许多不同的用途。最好的例子也许是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破障碍。我们可以用微笑来道歉，跟某人打招呼，寻求帮助或者开始对话。专家建议对着镜子微笑来让自己更快乐、更坚强。而且如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
语言知识研磨
03
1．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
(1)vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 在……和……之间变化
vary with 随着……而变化
(2)variety n．变化；多样性；种类
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的；不同种类的
(3)various adj.不同的；各种各样的
单句语法填空/句式升级
①Our country varies widely in tradition from one area ____ another.
我们国家各地风俗习惯迥然不同。
②Demand for certain products varies ______ the seasons.
某些产品的需求随季节而变化。
③There are a _________ (vary)of theme parks in the world，where you can have fun.
世界上有各种各样的主题公园，在那里你可以玩得愉快。
④I like reading very much，especially the story books.They vary from Chinese stories to English stories.
→I like reading very much，especially the story books，_______________________ ________________________．(分词作定语)
to
with
variety
varying from Chinese stories to English stories
一句多译
⑤解决这个问题有很多方法，可以用各种方式来处理。 (应用文之建议信)
→There are many ways to solve this problem，and it can be approached in _________ ways.
→There are many ways to solve this problem，and it can be approached in ______________ ways.
→There are many ways to solve this problem，and it can be approached in ______________ ways.
various
a variety of
varieties of
2．approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
(1)approve of 赞成；同意
approve of sb./sb.’s doing sth.同意某人做某事
(2)approval n．赞成；同意；批准；认可
give one’s approval to 批准
without approval 未经许可
meet with one’s approval 经某人同意
(3)disapprove vi.不赞成，反对
单句语法填空
①You made a good decision，and I thoroughly approve _____it.
你做出了一个很好的决定，我完全赞成。
②I don’t need ___________ (approve) all the time.If someone does not approve ____ me，I will still be okay．
我不是总需要别人的认同。如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。
单句写作
③If ____________________________ by the committee，___________________ ______________．
如果我的计划得不到委员会的批准，我的功夫就白费了。(应用文写作之申请信)
of
approval
of
my plan isn’t approved of
all my work would have wasted
3．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
单句语法填空
①A number of people have been employed _________ (deal)with the work.
已雇一些人来处理这项工作。
②The manager employed _________(he) in making a future plan for his company.
经理忙于为公司制订将来的计划。
③A large company requires the ____________ (employ)of many people.
一个大公司需要雇用好多人。
单句写作
④We ___________________________________to protect these wild animals.
我们采用不同的安全技术来保护这些野生动物。 (应用文写作话题之环境保护)
to deal
himself
employment
employ different security techniques
4．differ vi.相异； 不同于
单句语法填空
①Apparently，the twins differ________each other ____ character.
很显然，这对双胞胎在性格方面不一样。
②Learners with ___________ (differ) cultural backgrounds differ a lot _____their thinking patterns and learning styles.
不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。
from
in
different
in
单句写作
③In our daily life，everyone sometimes fails.But it is how you react that ________________________．
在我们的日常生活中，每个人有时会失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。
④It is not an easy thing to team up with those _____________________ on it.
与那些在这件事情上与你意见不同的人合作并非易事。 (应用文写作之建议信)
makes a big difference
who differ with you
5．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
(1)favour (sb.) doing sth. 更喜欢(某人)做某事
(2)in favour of 同意；支持；优先选择
in one’s favour 有利于某人
do sb. a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
(3)favourite adj.特别喜欢的
单句语法填空/句型转换
①Personally，I favour ____________ (travel) by bike alone.
就我个人而言，我更喜欢独自骑自行车旅行。
②Those present were ____ favour of change.
在座的人都赞成变革。
③Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today
→Could you ___________________and pick up Sam from school today
④I want to ask you a favour；will you lend me your cell phone
→I want to _________________you；will you lend me your cell phone
travelling
in
do a favour for me
ask a favour of
单句写作
⑤Chances always ___________________________________________．
机会往往垂青那些有充分准备的人。 (应用文写作之建议信)
favour those who make adequate preparations
6．break down 消除；分解；打破；(机器)损坏；破坏；(谈判)失败；衰弱，体力不支
break away(from) 脱离； 背叛； 逃脱
break off 结束(关系)；(使)折断
break out 爆发；突然发生
break through 冲破；突破
break up (使)破裂；分解
break into 强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱等)；打入；参与
写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义
①The car broke down halfway to the destination.__________
②Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.________
③I left London when my marriage broke down.________
④The bridge broke down in the big earthquake.________
⑤Peter broke down and was unable to work for a year.__________________
出故障
分解
破裂
毁掉
衰弱，体力不支
单句语法填空
⑥His house was broken _______ last week.
上个星期，他的房屋曾有人闯入。
⑦The sun broke __________ at around lunch time.
午饭时分，太阳破云而出。
⑧They responded that there were several reasons why the music band broke ____．
他们回应说，乐队为何解散有好几个原因。
单句写作
⑨I hope to ____________________________________________________________ ___________．
我希望在不同文化之间搭建桥梁，消除误解。(读后续写之情绪描写)
into
through
up
build bridges and break down misunderstandings between different cultures
7．when doing...时间状语从句的省略
当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
单句语法填空
①While _________ (play)with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy.
和孩子们在户外玩耍时，父亲感到非常高兴。
②He won’t come unless __________(invite).
除非受到邀请，否则他不会来的。
单句写作
③______________________________，the teacher sympathized to his mother.
当看到那个淘气的孩子时，老师对他的母亲表示很同情。 (读后续写之心理描写)
playing
invited
When seeing the naughty child
8．nothing better than 否定词与比较级连用表最高级含义
单句语法填空
①Mr.Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn’t ask for a ________ (good)boss.
为史蒂文森先生工作真好——我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。
②Nothing is ________ (easy)than this.
这是最容易的事。
③China is ________ (large)than the other countries/any other country/any of the other countries in Asia.
中国是亚洲最大的国家。
better
easier
larger
单句写作
④It was not until then that I suddenly realized __________________________ _______．
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。(读后续写之心理描写)
nobody was happier than I was
课时分层作业
04
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