Unit 2 Improving yourself Understanding ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.We are looking for someone who is mature and ___________ (rely).
2.Many people approve that headphones are good at blocking ___________ (distract).
3.Withoutw ___________ (motivate), you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
4.This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and ___________ (access) technology.
5.There is a general opinion among teachers about the need for greater ___________ (secure) in schools.
6.He has been so occupied ___________ politics that he doesn't have time for social activities.
7.The librarian ___________ (constant) helps the readers to find the books they need.
8.We are looking for someone who is ___________ (rely) and hard-working.
9.To relieve loneliness, aging parents look for ways _________(occupy) their time.
10.Meanwhile, those who are successful and famous have to deal with media attention _________(constant).
二、阅读理解
The American Academy of Pediatrics has warned about the potential negative effects of social media on young kids and teens. But the same risks may be true for adults. A review study suggests addiction symptoms(症状), such as failure to pay attention to personal life, procrastination and escapism, appear to be present in some people who use Facebook excessively(过度地).
A study also shows that when people stop using the Internet, they also go through small but measurable physical effects. Rather than promoting health, as frequent interactions(互动) with offline social networks do, the findings show that interacting with Facebook may predict the opposite result for young adults—it may undermine it.
In fact, another study found that social media use is linked to greater feelings of social isolation(隔离). We fall into the trap of comparing ourselves to others as we check our Facebook pages. The study looked at how we make comparisons with others' posts, in "upward" or "downward" directions—that is, feeling that we are either worse or better off than our friends. It turned out that both types of comparisons made people feel worse, which is surprising, since in real life, only upward comparisons make people feel bad. But in the social network world, it seems that any kind of comparison is linked to depressive symptoms.
All of this is not to say that there is no benefit of social media—obviously it keeps us connected across great distances. But occupying yourself with social networks when you have some time to kill is very likely a bad idea. If you are feeling brave, try taking a little break, and see how it goes. And if you are going to keep using" it, then at least try to use it reasonably.
11.What might researchers think about "use Facebook excessively"
A. It's problem behaviour.
B. It's costly and time-consuming.
C. It's sometimes a solution to social isolation.
D. It's leading people to become imaginative.
12.What does the underlined word "undermine" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Present. B. Destroy. C.Check. D. Ensure.
13.What does the finding of the study mention in Paragraph 3
A. Social media are being given too much importance.
B. Young Facebook users feel more isolated than their elders.
C. All kinds of comparisons on social media upset people.
D. Downward comparisons are linked closer to depression than upward ones.
14.What is the main idea of the text
A. Social media affects people's mental health.
B.Comparing ourselves with others may lead to depression.
C. Social networks have more advantages than disadvantages.
D. Nowadays people tend to turn to the Internet for satisfaction.
三、七选五
"Creative" is just a simple short word. ① _____ Creative thinking is the key to success. But how to think creatively Here are tips you can try.
②_____ Be sure that we can succeed in something we are working on. Throw away your pessimistic expression like "I might be able to do it." Then replace it with expressions full of optimism, such as "I definitely can do it."
Remove the conservative way of thinking. ③_____ The conservative way of thinking cuts creative thinking.
Increase the quantity and quality of work. Don't get satisfied quickly. Being satisfied means you have closed yourself to other jobs that can enrich the development of your thought. ④_____ Therefore, we are forced to think intelligently and effectively.
Improve the habit of asking. Asking questions is an indicator that our minds are still "alive" and always dynamic. An asking habit should not be interpreted as "we do not understand". ⑤_____
Become a good listener. A good listener can listen to information from the outside. With it we have many opportunities to think about what we hear. We are required to think creatively, so that we could respond as desired.
A. Think that all can be done.
B. Look at things from a different view.
C. Critical and creative thinking are two most basic thinking skills.
D. However, big success can be reached thanks to creative thinking.
E. Instead, it should be understood as the presence of the dynamics of the mind.
F. Accept another job, so that we open ourselves to the new challenges that we require.
G. The pattern is marked by failing to accept the change, although the change is an advantage.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：reliable
解析：句意:我们在物色成熟可靠的人。系动词is后用形容词作表语,且此处与前面的形容词mature并列。
2.答案：distractions
解析：句意:许多人赞成戴耳机有助于阻挡外界干扰。非谓语动词blocking后用名词作宾语。外界的干扰有很多种,故此处用名词的复数形式。
3.答案：motivation
解析：句意:没有动力,你既不能设定目标,也不能达到目标。介词without后用名词形式作宾语。
4.答案：accessible
解析：句意:这一装置有助于使虚拟现实成为更有用、更可用的技术。空处修饰名词technology,作定语,用形容词形式。
5.答案：security
解析：句意:教师们对需要加强学校的安保有普遍的共识。介词for后用名词形式作宾语。
6.答案：with
解析：句意:他一直忙于政治,以至于没有时间参与社交活动。be occupied with 意为“忙于……”。
7.答案：constantly
解析：句意:图书馆管理员总是帮助读者找到他们需要的书。用副词作状语。
8.答案：reliable
解析：句意:我们在物色可靠而又勤奋的人。考查形容词。根据空前面的系动词可知后面使用形容词作表语。reliable可靠的,可信赖的。
9.答案：to occupy
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了减轻孤独感,年迈的父母寻找占用他们的时间的方法。分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作后置定语,填to occupy。
10.答案：constantly
解析： 考查词性转换。句意：同时，那些成功和出名的人必须不断地应对媒体关注。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用副词来修饰前面的动词短语deal with，故填constantly。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句内容可知,一些过度使用Facebook的人有成瘾症状,似乎存在着诸如不关注个人生活、拖延和逃避现实等问题,因此过度使用Facebook是问题行为。故选A项。
12.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。由画线词所在句可知,研究结果表明,正如频繁地与离线社交网络互动一样,与Facebook互动可能会对年轻人产生相反的结果,而不是增进健康。由此可推知,undermine是promoting(增进)的反义词,故B项“破坏”符合语境。故选B项。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But in the social network world, it seems that any kind of comparison is linked to depressive symptoms.”可知,在社交网络世界中,似乎任何类型的比较都与抑郁症状有关,由此可见社交媒体上任何类型的比较都会使人心烦意乱。故选C项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章第一、二、三段列举了社交媒体对人类心理造成的负面影响,最后一段提醒人们要适度使用社交网络,因此,文章主要讲的是社交媒体影响人们的心理健康。故选A项。
三、七选五
答案：DAGFE
解析：①D项与空处前一句构成转折,“创新”是一个简单的单词,但是拥有“创造性思维”却可以让你迈向成功。
②第二段说明了我们要相信自己可以成功,不要总是说一些消极的话语,而要用肯定、积极的语言来激励自己。 A项概括了本段的主旨。
③空处所在段落主要说明了要摆脱掉保守的想法。 G项对空处前一句进行了解释说明,保守意味着不敢接受改变,即使这个改变是有利的。
④F项与空处前一句语意衔接,说明了接受其他的工作可以让你面对新的挑战。
⑤E项与空处前一句语意衔接,喜欢提问题的习惯不应该被理解成“我们不懂”,而应该被看作是大脑充满活力。Unit 2 Improving yourself Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
2.Samba is a ____________ (passion) dance, which brings people together in a way words can’t express.
3.I would have liked my classmate to give me a hand, but found it ____________ (embarrass) to ask.
4.With the speedy development of e-commerce techniques, people ________(urgent) require the e-commerce to become more convenient and intelligent.
5.Recognition of other people's ________(face) expressions is an important social skill.
6.He has had time to cool down and look at what happened more _____(objective).
7.In that country, there are a lot of families who cannot even afford to buy the basic _______(necessary) of life.
8.Scientists have only recently been able to gain access _____the area.
9._____ hearing the alarm the firemen rushed to the scene.
10.Organ donation has been _____ (unprecedented) emphasized around the world since the end of last century.
二、阅读理解
Millennials(千禧一代) may have been the first generation to come of age online, but their Gen Z successors(接替者) have truly grown up with it—and hardly ever log off.
A 2018 Pew Research Center survey found that 95 percent of teenagers have access to a smartphone; 45 percent say they use the Internet almost constantly. For many of them, social media have been a space for self-expression, entertainment and connection.
But as social media use has risen among teenagers, so have rates of depression, and anxiety. Though it is not a direct relationship, there is evidence that some platforms have worsened young people's mental health issues; for instance, research documents from social media showed that Instagram worsened body-image issues for one in three teenage girls.
A March 2022 study published in the scientific journal Nature found that the relationship between social media use and mental health varied by age, but that there were two windows where social media use was more likely to have a negative effect on the well-being of adolescents: at the start of puberty(青春期) and again around age 19.
Emma Lembke, a 19-year-old student at Washington University in St. Louis, experienced those negative effects first-hand. That's why she started the Log Off Movement in June 2020. The project aims to encourage dialogue among young people who are feeling the negative effects of social media and want to adjust their relationship to it. In a phone interview, Ms. Lembke spoke about the movement she started, the upsides and downsides of social media, and how she has worked to loosen its hold on her well-being.
11.What can be inferred about the survey
A. Social media lessen body-image anxiety.
B. Social media have become a trend to teenagers.
C. 95 percent of adults have their own smartphones.
D. One third of teenagers use the Internet frequently.
12.Who might be negatively affected most according to Nature
A. A 5-year-old child. B. A 13-year-old student.
C. A 26-year-old journalist. D. A 40-year-old manager.
13.Why did Lembke start the Log Off Movement
A. To draw attention of the public.
B. To share her sorrowful experience.
C.To inspire interactions among the youth.
D. To recall the ups and downs of social media.
14.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Millennials Are in Need of Further Concern
B. Young People Benefit from Modern Science
C. Social Media Look like a Double-edged Sword
D. A New Student Movement Wants You to Log Off
三、七选五
You've got mail...and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ①_____
"I often send postcards to family and friends," he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. ②_____" Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch(直觉) paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website , a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ③_____ Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ④_____ So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ⑤_____ That said, we know of many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone faraway.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：where
解析：分析句子结构可知，介词about后面接的是宾语从句，从句主语为she，谓语动词lived是不及物动词，后面不需要接宾语，所以从句不缺成分，结合句意“这个可怜的女人不能给他任何关于她住在哪里的信息。”可知，从句缺少的是地点状语，所以用连接副词where来引导宾语从句，故答案为where。
2.答案：passionate
解析：句意:桑巴舞是一种充满激情的舞蹈，它以一种无法用语言表达的方式将人们聚集在一起。此处形容词作定语。 passion“激情",名词，其形容词“充满激情的”应用形容词 passionate,修饰名词 dance,故填passionate 。
3.答案：embarrassing
解析：考查形容词。句意:我想找他帮忙,又不好意思张嘴。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是“令人尴尬的”，应用形容词embarrassing，作宾语补足语。故填embarrassing。
4.答案：urgently
解析： 考查词性转换。句意：随着电子商务技术的迅猛发展，人们迫切要求电子商务变得更加方便和智能化。此处应用副词修饰动词require。
5.答案：facial
解析： 考查词性转换。句意：对他人面部表情的识别是一种重要的社交技巧。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词expressions。
6.答案：objectively
解析：句意:他已经冷静了一段时间,能更加客观地看待所发生的事情。修饰谓语动词look at,在句中作状语,用副词形式。
7.答案：necessities
解析：句意:在那个国家,有许多家庭甚至买不起基本的生活必需品。形容词basic修饰名词形式。necessity为可数名词,根据句中的a lot of families可知此处应用复数形式。
8.答案：to
解析：句意:科学家直到最近才得以进入该地区。gain access to是常用搭配,意为“有接近……的权利”,其中to是介词。
9.答案：On
解析：句意:消防队员一昕到警报就赶到现场。“on doing…”是常用结构,意为“一…就……”。
10.答案：unprecedentedly
解析：句意:自上世纪末以来,器官捐献就已在世界范围内受到前所未有的重视。修饰谓语动词,在句中作状语,用副词形式。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“...95 percent of teenagers have access to a smartphone; 45 percent say they use the Internet almost constantly.”可知,皮尤研究中心2018年的一项调查发现,95%的青少年可以使用智能手机,说明社交媒体已成为青少年的一种趋势。故选B。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“...social media use was more likely to have a negative effect on the well-being of adolescents: at the start of puberty and again around age 19.”可知,受到负面影响最大的是青春期初和19岁左右。由此可知,选项中最符合的是13岁的学生。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“The project aims to encourage dialogue among young people who are feeling the negative effects of social media...”可知,Lembke发起Log Off Movement 主要因为自己经历了这些负面影响,所以想要鼓励年轻人进行互动。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍社交媒体对青少年产生了不少负面影响,Lembke在亲身经历这些影响后发起了Log Off Movement,旨在鼓励年轻人进行互动。再根据第一段第一句“Millennials may have been the first generation to come of age online, but their Gen Z successors have truly grown up with it...”可知,D项“一场新学生运动希望你注销”可以作为最佳标题。故选D。
三、七选五
答案：GAEFB
解析：①上文介绍了保罗喜欢明信片,下文的“...and you realize that not everyone is into it.”说明他身边缺少与他志趣相投的人。选项G(简而言之,他喜欢明信片,也喜欢收到远方某个人手写的便条时的那种兴奋)起到承上启下的作用,总结了上文保罗喜欢明信片,也引出下文关于他的喜好得不到回应的问题。故选G。
②上文的“you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it”说明保罗意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他有相同的爱好,因此他也很坦然地接受这个事实,因此选项A(那完全没问题)符合语境。故选A。
③上文的“Today his hobby has developed into the website , asocial network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况,因此只有E项(8月5日,会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张)是在介绍该网站相关的数据。故选E。
④上文的“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it.”是举例说明别国人收到中文明信片时的问题。选项F是举例说明中国人收到别国语言明信片时也会遇到相同的问题。两句相结合,符合结论句的语义要求。故选F。
⑤上文的“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高。结合下文的“who have actually improved their English skills through their use of post crossing”可知,写明信片成为一种练习英语的渠道。因此选项B(那使得学习和练习它变得格外困难)符合语境要求,说明对一些人来说学习和练习英语的难度较高,因为渠道较少。故选B。Unit 2 Improving yourself Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.That was the first time that she ___________ (invite) to visit the Great Wall, which made her extremely delighted.
2.When he got home, the household waste ___________ (take) away.
3.He tried to avoid ___________ (say) anything that was related to his bittersweet childhood.
4.The dog chewed up the meat and then ___________ (spit) it out.
5.You have to be ___________ (consider) of others, especially during study hours.
6.He instantly realized that his wallet ___________ (steal) on the bus.
7.Don't you think it is necessary ___________ (clarify) your politics objectively before you take office
8.He had to leave his house instantly because it ___________ (flood) in the heavy rain.
9.The teacher should be able to use the target language fluently and ___________ (appropriate).
10.It was said that the evidence ___________ (destroy).
二、阅读理解
Have you heard about Post Office Cats in Britain They are mouse hunters. The post office has actually employed cats since 1868. They are not employed to sort or deliver mail, of course, but to protect the mail and keep the population of mice under control. They make sure your morning post arrives free from damage caused by rats and mice.
London post offices were the first to try out the experiment. Within a few months the population of mice had shrunk sharply. Other post offices all over the country were soon using cats in the war against rats and mice as well. Within ten years the pay of the cats was improved from one and a half old pence a day to six or nine pence a day. Now the average rate of pay is about a few pounds a month.
Some of the hard-working cats have become quite famous. In 1980, a cat named Lucky stopped an attempted robbery in a Worcestershire post office on her own. As the two burglars made their way in through the window, Lucky started an attack and they fled empty-handed. Another excellent cat was Jerry of the Earls Court post office in London. He served the building for 16 years and was on duty for 24 hours every day. He drove all the mice away.
However, there are fewer cats employed by the post office than at any time in the past. With the faster movement of the mail and better surroundings, post office cats are not always needed. But many post offices still employ them and they become great friends with the postmen. According to the post office, there is no plan for their services to be discontinued in the foreseeable future.
1l. Cats were introduced to British post offices to _____.
A. help sort and deliver mail and papers
B. guard the building against thieves
C. keep mail and papers undamaged
D. search for certain dangers in mail
12. The underlined word "shrunk," in the second paragraph probably means "_____".
A. decreased B. increased C. narrowed D. expanded
13. The cat named Lucky became famous because _____.
A. she served the post office for 16 years around the clock
B. she alone drove two burglars away from the post office
C. she protected mail from being bitten by mice
D. she was employed to sort and deliver mail
14. We may learn from the last paragraph that _____.
A. the duty of the cats has been replaced by machines
B. all the post offices are now completely mice free
C. cats are now considered of little use in post offices
D. cats will still be seen in service for quite a long time
三、七选五
We all know the benefits of regular physical activity. But about 80 percent of people don't take exercise every day. Even some say they don't enjoy exercise. ①___________ Here are some tips.
Find a way of exercise that best fits your personality. ②___________ Take a group exercise class, join a football team or walk with a group of friends. If you prefer having time alone, jogging or yoga will be better for you.
Make it a habit. It can take a little while for something to become a habit. ③___________ One way is to try to exercise at around the same time each day. "Exercise can become addictive in a positive way," said Dr. Carnethon, who is also a volunteer of the American Heart Association.
④___________ There are many ways to fit exercise into your life. You can find some exercise videos online. Do weight training with things around your home. Take a brief walk after lunch. And if you go to school or work by bus, get off a stop earlier and walk the rest of the way.
Keep going. If you miss a day, don't worry about it. ⑤___________ Just make sure you get back to exercise the next day. It's easy to make something a habit again. You will see the same benefits. And any little bit you can fit in will show benefits.
A. Build exercise into your day.
B. Everybody struggles once in a while.
C. So how can you make exercise pleasant
D. Break up your physical activity into smaller parts.
E. Therefore, give yourself the time to create a regular routine.
F. If you are a social person, do something that attracts you socially.
G. Finding a peer group is the perfect way to share your goals and hobbies.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：had been invited
解析：考查过去完成时的被动语态。"It/That/This was the first time that..."为固定句式，表示"那/这是第一次……"，that从句常用过去完成时；又she和 invite是被动关系，应用被动语态。
2.答案：had been taken
解析：句意:他到家时,家里的垃圾已被带走了。waste与动词take之间是被动关系,动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时的被动语态。
3.答案：saying
解析：句意:他尽量避免说任何与他苦乐参半的童年有关的话。avoid后面常跟v.-ing形式作宾语,意为“避免做某事”。
4.答案：spat
解析：句意:狗把肉嚼碎后又吐了出来。and连接并列成分,根据前面的谓语动词chewed可知,此处用spit的过去式。
5.答案：considerate
解析：句意:你必须考虑他人,特别是在学习时间。在系动词 be后面用形容词作表语。
6.答案：had been stolen
解析：句意:他很快意识到他的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。“realized”发生在过去,“steal”发生在“realized”之前,即“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时;wallet和动词steal之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。
7.答案：to clarify
解析：句意:难道你不认为在你上台执政前客观地阐明你的政治立场是有必要的吗 clarify vt.澄清,讲清楚,阐明。it为形式主语,不定式短语to clarify...作真正的主语。
8.答案：had been flooded
解析：句意:房子在大雨中被淹,他不得不立即离开。“food”发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时;主语it和动词flood之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。
9.答案：appropriately
解析：句意:老师应该能流利地并恰当地使用目标语言。修饰动词use,用副词作状语。
10.答案：had been destroyed
解析：句意:据说,证据已被销毁。“said”发生在过去,“destroy”发生在“said”之前,即“过去的过去”,用过去完成时;主语evidence和动词destroy之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。
二、阅读理解
答案：11-14 CABD
解析：11.细节理解题。根据第一段中的 They are not employed to sort or deliver mail, of course, but to protect the mail and keep the population of mice under control可知，英国邮局引进猫是为了防止邮件被老鼠破坏。
12.词义猜测题。根据第一段中的 but to protect the mail and keep the population of mice under control可知几个月后老鼠的数量减少了，故可知 shrunk的同义词为 decreased。
13.细节理解题。根据第三段首句和后文叙述可知那只叫Lucky的猫是因为赶走了两个窃贼而出名的。
14.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的连词But引出的内容可知，邮局未来还没有计划停止这种服务，也就是说邮局会在很长时间内使用猫。
三、七选五
答案：CFEAB
解析：①根据空前的"Even some say they don't enjoy exercise"可知,甚至有些人说他们不喜欢运动;根据空后的"Here are some tips"可知,接下来要提供一些建议。由此可知,该空承上启下,C选项"那么你怎样才能让锻炼变得愉快呢 "切题,故选C。
②由空后的"Take a group exercise class... with a group of friends"可知,该空引出下文,且与"If you prefer... will be better for you"形成对比,故F选项"如果你是一个好交际的人,那就做一些能在社交方面吸引你的事情"切题,故选F。
③根据空前的"It can take a little while for something to become a habit"可知,某事需要一段时间才能成为习惯;空后讲到"One way is to try to exercise at around the same time each day",则该空承上启下,E选项"因此,给你自己时间来建立一个规律"符合语境,故选E。
④该空为本段主题句。根据本段内容可知,这一段主要讲了把锻炼纳入你的日常生活,A项对应空后的"fit exercise into your life",故选A。
⑤空前讲"If you miss a day, don't worry about it",空后讲只要确保你第二天会重新开始锻炼就行了。B选项"每个人偶尔都会挣扎"承上启下,符合语境,故选B。
