Unit 5 Revealing nature Understanding ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.When our _________ (ancestor) were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder about anything except finding food.
2.We don't know who specifically was _________ (blame) for what happened, but we know which group of boys was involved.
3.Not _________ they heard that she was safe and sound were their minds set at rest.
4.He had always looked so young, _________ he seemed to have aged in the last few months.
5.I think it's _________ disgrace. Things are going so slowly. The flood happened on Monday and now on Wednesday we're still waiting for orders.
6.Your recommendation will be _________ (benefit) to the development of our company.
7.Hearing the news, he felt too _________ (shock) to move. His world had been turned upside down.
8.She suspected her neighbours of _________ (steal) her dog.
9.The great advantage of telling the truth is that one is so much more likely to sound _________ (convince).
10. _________ (convince) others of something is really a challenging task.
二、阅读理解
More than 45,000 years ago, by the shore of present-day Tasmania, a local person picked up a large piece of thick, dark brown seaweed. And he realized that this giant piece of seaweed could be used to make a watertight bag. And 45,000 years later on mainland Australia, people are again turning to seaweed to solve pressing problems. Today, it is used to address the world’s climate crisis.
Winberg, a marine ecologist at the University of Wollongong, has spent decades studying seaweed. She believes seaweed's fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change, de-acidify(降低酸度) the oceans, and change the way we farm, not just in the oceans but also on land.
“If we used the infrastructure we have in the ocean and created seaweed islands, we would actually get rid of many climate change issues we have today,” says Winberg. Realizing seaweed’s potential as a climate solution, Winberg opened Australia’s first land-based, commercial seaweed farm in 2013. On her farm in New Wales, Winberg produces seaweed extracts(提取物) that are used in food, cosmetics and medicines.
Like plants on land, seaweed absorbs CO2 and grows biomass(生物量). Coastal marine systems can absorb carbon at rates up to 50 times greater than forests on land, according to Emily Pidgeon, senior director of strategic marine initiatives at Conservation International. Globally, seaweeds are thought to absorb nearly 200 million tons of CO2 every year—as much as New York State’s annual emissions. And when the seaweed dies, much of the carbon locked up in its tissues is transported to deep oceans.
By raising pH levels in the ocean, seaweeds also improve growing conditions for shellfish such as oysters and mussels, whose shells become more fragile(脆弱的) in acidic environments.
The potential for seaweed cultivation doesn’t stop in the oceans. Winberg has found there are benefits to doing it on land too. She believes that seaweed farming offers “huge potential” to not only address the climate crisis, but also feed a growing population in a sustainable way. According to Winberg, one hectare(公顷) of a seaweed farm can produce more protein than the same amount of land used for cattle. “We’re sitting on undiscovered, renewable, sustainable resources,” she says.
11.What is mainly introduced about seaweed in paragraph 1
A.Its use. B.Its history. C.Its origin. D.Its appearance.
12.Why is seaweed spoken highly of according to the text
A.It lowers the ocean temperature directly.
B.It contributes to shellfish’s growing speed.
C.It produces the same amount of protein as cattle.
D.It grows fast and can absorb carbon at a high rate.
13.What is Winberg’s attitude towards seaweed
A.Unclear. B.Favorable. C.Critical. D.Doubtful.
14.What is the best title for the text
A.CO2, a Killer of Climate Change
B.Pollution, the World’s Climate Crisis
C.Seaweed, a Potential Climate Solution
D.Infrastructure, a Way of Eliminating Climate Issues
三、七选五
Brush, ink, inkstone and paper are known as the Four Treasures of the Scholar's Studio. ①__________
The brush pen was used as early as the seventh or sixth century BC. The holder is usually made of bamboo. Different from the pen we use today, the tip of the brush pen is soft and big. ②__________ The animal hair used is extremely important to the quality of the brush, but the material for the holder is relatively less important.
The brush was used with ink, basically made from pinesoot(松烟) or lampblack and glue with many other kinds of additives. ③__________ A writer then rubs the dry ink stick against an inkstone, a polished and often decorative piece of stone with a shallow bowl carved into one end. Water is added to the shallow bowl, while the writer moves the ink stick in a circular motion(运动) to form dark, liquid ink. ④__________
Archaeological(考古学的) evidence shows paper was invented around the first century BC. People used materials such as raw hemp(生麻) and tree bark to produce paper. ⑤__________ By the third century paper was already widely used instead of traditional writing materials such as bamboo slips and silks.
A. It is usually made of wolf, rabbit, or goat hair.
B. Brush pens were used to write and paint as well.
C. Ink is kept as a solid, dry stick until ready for use.
D. In the past, the scholar-official class used these treasures as tools of writing.
E. Since these materials were readily available, paper was inexpensive to produce.
F. So some inkstones with fine decorations can fetch really high prices on the market.
G. When a desired blackness of ink is reached, the writer then uses the brush to lift the ink directly from the inkstone.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：ancestors
解析：句意:一万年前,当我们的祖先还是猎人和采集者的时候,他们没有时间去想除了寻找食物以外的任何事情。由空格后的were可知,此处应用复数。
2.答案：to blame
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 我们不知道具体是谁应该为所发生的事负责, 但我们知道哪一伙男孩与此有关。be to blame意为"负有责任", 为主动形式表示被动意义。
3.答案：until
解析：考查连词。句意: 直到听到她平安无事, 他们才放心。根据were their minds set at rest可知此处为倒装。当Not until位于句首时, 主句要倒装。其结构为: Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+主语+谓语。
4.答案：but
解析：考查连词。句意: 他原来一直看起来很年轻, 但过去几个月他似乎显得老了。根据句意判断此处表示转折关系。
5.答案：a
解析：考查冠词。句意: 我认为这是耻辱。事件进展如此之慢。周一就发生了洪灾, 现在周三了, 我们还在等待命令。此处为泛指, 故填a。
6.答案：beneficial
解析：考查形容词。句意：您的推荐将有利于我们公司的发展。分析句子，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。beneficial意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
7.答案：shocked
解析：考查形容词。句意：听到这个消息，他震惊得无法动弹。他的世界被颠覆了。分析句子，空处应填形容词作表语修饰主语，说明主语的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词修饰人，结合语意可知，此处意为“震惊的”，应用形容词shocked,故填shocked。
8.答案：stealing
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：她怀疑她的邻居偷了她的狗。suspect sb of doing sth.为固定搭配，译为“怀疑某人做了某事”，故填stealing.
9.答案：convincing
解析：考查形容词。句意：说真话的最大好处是听起来更有可能令人信服。根据句意和空格前系动词sound(听起来）可知，应使用提示词convince的同根形容词convincing作表语，意为“令人信服的，有说服力的”。故填convincing。
10.答案：Convincing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：说服别人相信某事确实是一项具有挑战性的任务。分析句子，设空处在句中作主语，故使用动名词形式，句首字母应该大写。故填Convincing。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“And he realized that this giant piece of seaweed could be used to make a watertight bag. And 45,000 years later on mainland Australia, people are again turning to seaweed to solve pressing problems. Today, it is used to address the world's climate crisis.”(他意识到这片巨大的海藻可以用来做一个防水袋。在45000年后的澳大利亚大陆上,人们再次向海藻求助来解决迫切的问题。今天,它被用来解决世界气候危机。)可知,第一段前面讲古人用海藻做集水袋,现在人们也用海藻来解决气候问题,所以第一段主要讲海藻的用处。故选A项。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She believes seaweed's fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change”(她相信海藻的快速生长率和能吸收大量二氧化碳能力能帮助对抗气候变化)可知,海藻主要的优点是生长快,并能大量吸收二氧化碳。故选D项。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She believes seaweed's fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change, de-acidify the oceans, and change the way we farm, not just in the oceans but also on land.”(她相信海藻的快速生长率和能吸收大量二氧化碳能力能帮助对抗气候变化,降低海洋酸度,在海洋和大陆上改变我们农业方式)可推断, Winberg对海藻的作用是高度赞成支持的。故选B项。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, it is used to address the world's climate crisis.”(今天,它被用来解决世界气候危机。),以及文章后面所讲内容可知,文章主要是在讲解海藻在控制气候等方面的作用,所以C项Seaweed, a Potential Climate Solution(海藻,一个潜在的气候解决方案)符合文章中心。故选C项。
三、七选五
答案：DACGE
解析：笔、墨、纸、砚被称为中国的“文房四宝”,是古代写作的工具。本文简单介绍了文房四宝分别是如何制作而成的。
①笔、墨、纸、砚被称为中国的“文房四宝”。根据下文介绍的过去如何用毛笔写字可知,本句是对下文的总结,故D项(过去士大夫阶层把这些宝物作为写作的工具)符合题意。
②根据上句"Different from the pen we use today, the tip of the brush pen is soft and big."及下句"The animal hair used is extremely important to the quality of the brush"可知,毛笔尖要用动物的毛做,分析选项可知本段"The animal hair"与A项中的“wolf, rabbit, or goat hair"属于词汇复现,故A项(它通常由狼毛、兔毛或山羊毛制成)符合语境。
③根据第3空的前后内容可知,本段介绍毛笔用的墨是固体的,需要用时要加水磨成。分析选项可知C项所说的和研墨有关。
④根据上一句内容可知,墨水研成了之后,自然就是用毛笔直接浸入墨水中再写字。分析选项可知G项符合语境。
⑤分析第5空所在的段落可知,本段是介绍纸的发明。再分析选项可知只有E项与纸有关。根据空前的内容“人们使用生麻和树皮等原料造纸”可知,麻与树皮是现成的,所以这样造纸的成本很便宜。故E项符合语境。Unit 5 Revealing nature Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.I am not good at expressing myself. _________ contrast, I am better at thinking indeed.
2.The lady_________ will give us a talk tomorrow is a professor.
3.We are doing a weekly poll on the president, and clearly his popularity _________ (decline).
4.She says the introduction of the plants and animals not native _________ Hawaii is the main reason for the extinction.
5.I have been _________ (convince) that the print media are usually more accurate and more reliable than televisions.
6.I have a dream _________ I can give a speech in both English and Chinese on the platforms of Harvard University, Oxford University, and Tokyo University to spread the brilliant and splendid Chinese culture.
7.I could speak their language and identify with their problems because I _________ (be) there myself before.
8.There was snow everywhere, so the shape of things was difficult _________ (identify).
9.The news that they _________ (discover) oil in the desert made us happy.
10.They stole my wallet, because I _________ (forget) to lock the locker.
二、阅读理解
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.
11.What does a plant do when it is under attack
A. It makes noises. B. It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly D. It sends out certain chemicals.
12.What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3
A. The attackers get attacked.
B. The insects gather under the table.
C. The plants get ready to fight back.
D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
13.Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________.
A. predict natural disasters
B. protect themselves against insects
C. talk to one another intentionally
D. help their neighbors when necessary
14.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. The world is changing faster than ever.
B. People have stronger senses than before
C. The world is more complex than it seems
D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.
三、七选五
When everything goes wrong, always look at what you have, instead of what you have lost. Because it's not what the world takes away from you that counts; it's what you do with what is left. ①_____
Pain is part of growing.
Sometimes life closes doors because it's time to move forward. ②_____ When times are tough, remind yourself that no pain comes without a purpose. Remember that there are two kinds of pain: pain that hurts and pain that changes you. When you roll with life instead of resisting it, both kinds help you grow.
③_____
Every time you get hurt, you will heal. After darkness there is always light—you are reminded of this every morning, but still you often forget, and instead choose to believe that the night will last forever. It won't. Nothing lasts forever.
Complaining changes nothing.
④_____ It's always better to attempt to do something great and fail than to attempt to do nothing and succeed. It's not over if you've lost; it's over when you do nothing but complain about it. If you believe in something, keep trying. Don't let the shadows of the past darken the doorsteps of your future.
The best thing you can do is to keep going.
Don't be afraid to get back up—to try again, to love again, to live again, and to dream again. Don't let a hard lesson harden your heart. Life's best lessons are often learned at the worst times and from the worst mistakes. There will be times when it seems like everything that could possibly go wrong is going wrong. ⑤_____
A. Everything in life is temporary.
B. And even if you fall short, keep going.
C. Your scars are symbols of your strength.
D. Those who complain the most, accomplish the least.
E. Here are a few tips to inspire you when you need them most.
F. That's a good thing because we often won't move unless life forces us to.
G. When you feel like quitting, remember that sometimes things can be right eventually.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：By
解析：句意：我不是一个善于表达的人，相比之下，我的确更擅长思考。by contrast是常用短语，意为"通过对比，相比之下"。
2.答案：who
解析：句意：明天给我们作报告的女士是一位教授。名词lady后面的从句是定语从句，先行词是lady，后面的定语从句中缺少主语，故用引导词who。
3.答案：has declined
解析：考查时态。句意: 我们正就总统进行每周一次的民意调查, 显然他的受欢迎程度已经下降了。由句意可知此处应用现在完成时。
4.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意: 她说非夏威夷本土的动植物的引入是这种灭绝的主要原因。be native to意为"原产于……"。
5.答案：convinced
解析：考查形容词。句意: 我一直坚信, 印刷媒体通常比电视更准确、更可靠。此处convinced意为"坚信的, 确信的", 为形容词。
6.答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。句意: 我有一个梦想: 我能用中文和英文在哈佛大学、牛津大学和东京大学的讲台上演讲来传播灿烂辉煌的中国文化。that引导同位语从句, 说明dream的具体内容。that在从句中不作成分, 只起到引导、连接作用。
7.答案：had been
解析：考查时态。句意: 我会讲他们的语言, 能体会他们的难处, 因为我自己曾在那里待过。根据句意和before可知此处表示"过去的过去"。故用过去完成时。
8.答案：to identify
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 到处是雪, 所以万物的形状都难以辨认。此句为"主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式"结构, 用主动形式表示被动意义。
9.答案：had discovered
解析：考查时态。句意: 他们在沙漠里发现石油的消息使我们高兴。此句的主干为The news made us happy, discover发生在made之前, 表过去的过去, 故用过去完成时。
10.答案：had forgotten
解析：考查时态。句意: 他们偷了我的钱包, 因为我忘记锁储物柜了。forget表示的动作发生在stole之前, 表示过去的过去, 故为过去完成时。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighbouring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.可知, 植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味, 而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。
12.答案：A
解析：句意理解题。根据第三段中的They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.以及画线部分后的The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.可知, 画线部分的意思是：袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。
13.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.和They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.可知, 植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知, 达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界, 而我们的感官却非常弱, 我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知, 世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。
三、七选五
答案：①-⑤ EFADB
解析：①根据下文几个小标题Pain is part of growing.(痛苦是成长的一部分。)、Complaining changes nothing.(抱怨什么都改变不了。)、The best thing you can do is to keep going.(你能做的最好的事情就是坚持下去。)可知,文章接下来会给读者一些建议。由此可知, E项Here are a few tips to inspire you when you need them most.(当你最需要的时候,这里有一些建议可以激励你。)符合语境。故选E。
②根据上文Sometimes life closes doors because it's time to move forward.(有时候,生活关闭了门,因为是时候前进了。)可知,痛苦可能是让我们前进的好事。由此可知, F项That's a good thing because we often won't move unless life forces us to.(那是一件好事,因为我们通常不会前进,除非生活迫使我们这样做。)符合语境。故选F。
③根据小标题下的内容After darkness there is always light—you are reminded of this every morning, but still you often forget, and instead choose to believe that the night will last forever. It won't. Nothing lasts forever.(黑暗之后总会有光明——你每天早上都会想起这一点,但你仍然经常忘记,反而选择相信黑夜将永远持续下去。它不会。世上没有永恒的事。)可知, A项Everything in life is temporary.(生活中的一切都是暂时的。)适合作本段小标题。故选A。
④根据本段小标题Complaining changes nothing.(抱怨什么都改变不了。)及下文It's not over if you've lost; it's over when you do nothing but complain about it.(如果你输了,还没有结束;当你除了抱怨什么都不做的时候,它就结束了。)可知, D项Those who complain the most, accomplish the least.(那些抱怨最多的人完成的事最少。)符合语境。故选D。
⑤根据本段小标题The best thing you can do is to keep going.(你能做的最好的事情就是坚持下去。)及下文Don't be afraid to get back up—to try again, to love again, to live again, and to dream again. Don't let a hard lesson harden your heart.(不要害怕重新站起来——再试一次,再爱一次,再活一次,再梦一次。不要让一个沉重的教训使你的心变得冷酷。)可知,你能做的最好的事情就是坚持下去,不要因为失败就停止前进。由此可知, B项And even if you fall short, keep going.(即使你没有达到目标,也要继续前进。)符合语境。故选B。Unit 5 Revealing nature Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、语法填空
1.Early _________ (detect) of cancers is vitally important.
2.Most skin cancers are completely curable if they _________ (detect) in the early stages.
3.English majors would be asked to explore the _________ (root) of language.
4.The skirt is too long and you'd better shorten it by two _________ (centimetre).
5.The town walls were said _________ (build) as a defence against enemy attacks in ancient times.
6.The man _________ (attack) by two guys while going back home the day before yesterday.
7.With his mother _________ (help) him, he is getting along well with his work.
8.Large amounts of money _________ (spend) on the building.
9.There is _________ little water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
10.His name has been linked _________ kindness.
二、阅读理解
Nothing feels more like summer than a neighbourhood barbecue. But the annoyance of summer gatherings remains: the buzzing(嗡嗡声) of mosquitoes around our ears.
"The buzzing in your ear is mostly just a side effect of the mosquito's wings beating," said Michael Riehle, a professor at the University of Arizona. "The sound doesn't have a long range, so you notice it most when they are flying around your ears."
"From a distance, mosquitoes track carbon dioxide that we give out," Riehle told Live Science. "They fly back and forth to follow that concentration level back to the source."
But in fact, that buzzing you hear is likely from a female mosquito. That's because male and female mosquitoes lead very different lives. The males typically hang out and feed on the sweetest part of flowers; they couldn't care less about the humans wandering about. The females, however, need to find a blood meal in order to have enough energy to produce eggs.
As she approaches, the female mosquito zeros in on body heat and the carbon dioxide to land on the victim. The female mosquito uses taste sensors on her feet to determine whether the human, or any blood-bearing animal, is adequate to tap for her next meal.
But while we feel mosquitoes buzzing around our ears, Riehle noted that most mosquitoes are not attracted to our heads. Rather, these bloodsuckers may be more likely to seek out our feet, which have bacteria that give off attractive smell to mosquitoes. However, most people probably don't notice a mosquito buzzing around their ankles, he said.
Another study found that female mosquitoes were more attracted to men who had less diverse bacteria on their skin than to men with more diverse skin bacteria. These bloodsuckers also prefer those who wear dark colours, such as black.
11.What attracts mosquitoes to our head
A. There is most carbon dioxide. B.The face skin is easy to stick in.
C. There exists their favourite smell. D. They can suck most blood there.
12.What do female mosquitoes use to determine a meal
A. Her nose. B. Her sensors. C.Her eyes. D. Her ears.
13.What colour might help avoid mosquitoes most according to the text
A. Black. B.Blue. C. White. D.Red.
14.What can be the best title for the text
A. Why do mosquitoes buzz in our ears
B. How can we avoid the buzzing of mosquitoes
C. How are male and female mosquitoes different
D. What effect does the buzzing of mosquitoes have
三、七选五
Something strange has been happening to me lately: Women in the street have been telling me I’m brave. ①_______I just stopped coloring my hair.
I had brown hair that started going gray when I was thirty. ②_______ It was expensive and time-consuming. And my hair grew fast, so I needed to go back to the hair salon every five weeks. Many people seem to enjoy holding on to their youth for as long as possible. But our hair starts to turn gray and we start spending 500 or more a year to cover something our male colleagues don’t need to cover.
③_______My mother is 91 and still has “blond” hair, and why not I just wish more of us would feel that it was OK to be ourselves because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money. I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like how it has gotten curly and full again. It is recovering (恢复) after years of being damaged by chemicals. ④_______
When I see my hair in the mirror, it’s a reminder that my time is limited, and I should spend it doing what matters. There’ s nothing shameful (丢脸的) about growing older. ⑤_______I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion (叛逆) against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it.
A. My act of courage isn’t much.
B. Enjoy whatever life gives time.
C. Dyeing (染色) made me look younger.
D. So I started dyeing it like a lot of women.
E. Of course people should do what they want with their own body.
F. And pretending it’s not happening is a way of giving up our power.
G. I also like that it has given me some needed feeling that youth seems so important.
答案以及解析
一、语法填空
1.答案：detection
解析：句意:癌症的早期发现是极为重要的。early是形容词,其后修饰名词。
2.答案：are detected
解析：句意：如果及早发现，大多数皮肤癌都是完全可以治愈的。主语they和动词detect之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；陈述事实，用一般现在时。
3.答案：roots
解析：句意：英语专业的学生会被要求探究语言的根源。语言的根源是复数概念，故用可数名词的复数形式。
4.答案：centimetres
解析：句意：裙子太长了，你最好缩短两厘米。根据前面的数字two可知，此处指两厘米，是复数概念，故用可数名词的复数形式。
5.答案：to have been built
解析：句意：据说城垣是古代为防御敌人进攻而建的。在be said后面常跟不定式结构，此处表示已经完成的动作，用不定式的完成式；主语the town walls和动词build之间是被动关系，故此处用被动形式。
6.答案：was attacked
解析：句意：前天回家时，这个人遭到了两个家伙的袭击。陈述前天发生的事情，用一般过去时；主语the man和动词attack之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
7.答案：helping
解析：句意：在他母亲的帮助下，他工作进展顺利。此处是with复合结构，with后面的宾语his mother和动词help之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
8.答案：were spent
解析：句意：那座大楼耗资巨大。a large amount of+不可数名词+谓语动词单数形式。large amounts of+不可数名词+谓语动词复数形式。
9.答案：so
解析：句意：杯子里的水太少了，我喝不到。在such...that...句型中，such修饰名词，意思是"如此……以至于……"，但当名词前有many，much，(a) few，a little，little（少）等词（组）修饰时，句子中要用so...that...而不能用such...that...。
10.答案：with/to
解析：句意：他的名字已经与善良联系在了一起。be linked with/to是固定短语，意为"和……有联系"。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,蚊子在人们头部盘旋是因为它们追踪我们释放的二氧化碳,根据浓度水平找到二氧化碳的源头,也就是说头部的二氧化碳多。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“The female mosquito uses taste sensors on her feet to determine...for her next meal.”可知,蚊子利用脚上的味觉传感器来判断它们的美味。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,蚊子喜欢找穿深色衣服的人,所以为了避蚊最好穿浅色衣服。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章开头提出惹人烦的蚊子的嗡嗡声,后文对此进行了揭示并且指出虽然我们听到蚊子在耳边嗡嗡,但是它们更倾向于人们的脚。A项最适合作为文章标题。故选A。
三、七选五
答案：ADEGF
解析：①根据前文“Women in the street have been telling me I’m brave.(街上的女人都说我很勇敢)”及后文“I just stopped coloring my hair.(我仅仅是停止了染发)”并结合下一段“I had brown hair that started going gray when I was thirty.(我的头发是棕色的，30岁时开始变白)”可知，作者30岁头发开始变成花白，因此，开头表示自己不再染发，得到了别人的称赞，结合just可知，作者认为自己的勇气不是很多；A选项“My act of courage isn’t much.(我的勇气不算什么)”符合语境。故选A项。
②前文“I had brown hair that started going gray when I was thirty.(我的头发是棕色的，30岁时开始变白)”表明自己的情况是30岁头发开始变成白色，后文“It was expensive and time-consuming.(它既昂贵又耗时)”表示空处的内容；D选项“So I started dyeing it like a lot of women.(所以我开始像很多女人一样染发)”表示自己针对头发变白进行的措施，符合逻辑。故选D项。
③空后表明自己的母亲91岁还是金发，反问“and why not I (我为什么不可以呢)”表明自己也可以想要改变自己的发色，结合上文作者染发改变自己头发颜色的过程可知，E选项“Of course people should do what they want with their own body.(当然，人们应该对自己的身体做他们想做的事)”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
④空前“I like my natural hair, just as it is. I like how it has gotten curly and full again. It is recovering after years of being damaged by chemicals.(我喜欢我自然的头发，就像现在这样。我喜欢它又变得卷曲饱满了。在被化学物质破坏多年后，它正在恢复)”表明作者喜欢自己头发本来的样貌；G选项“I also like that it has given me some needed feeling that youth seems so important.(我也喜欢它给了我一些必要的感觉，青春似乎是如此重要)”为自己喜欢原来头发原因的进一步说明，符合语境。故选G项。
⑤空前“There’s nothing shameful about growing older.(变老没什么可耻的)”表明作者现在认为变老是自然的，不可耻的，空后“I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion against the idea that people lose value as they age, instead of gaining it.(我把我的白发看作是对“人随着年龄的增长而失去价值，而不是获得价值”这一观念的一种反抗)”与前文语境一致；F选项“And pretending it’s not happening is a way of giving up our power.(假装这一切都没有发生是我们放弃权力的一种方式)”中it指代“变老”这件事，表示假装变老没有发生是错误的，与下文语境相符，引出下文。故选F项。
