[形容词&副词]
高考考核点:
形容词和副词的词性转换
1. 形容词变副词,通常是在形容词词尾加 -ly,如“quick - quickly”“slow - slowly”。但也有一些特殊情况,如“good - well”“true - truly”等。
- 例如:He speaks English fluently.
2. 副词变形容词,去掉 -ly 等副词后缀。
- 例如:The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 比较级的标志词有“than”“much”“a little”“even”“far”等,最高级的标志词有“in/of...”“one of...”“the + 序数词”等。
- 例如:This book is more interesting than that one.
- 例如:She is the most beautiful girl in our class.
2. 比较级和最高级的不规则变化,如“good/well - better - best”“bad/badly - worse - worst”“many/much - more - most”“little - less - least”“far - farther/further - farthest/furthest”。
温馨提醒:
1. 掌握基础:
- 牢记词性转换规则,如“quick - quickly”“lucky - luckily”;比较级和最高级构成规则,如“big - bigger - biggest”,不规则变化如“good - better - best”。
- 例子:She sings very (beautiful). 答案:beautifully(考查形容词变副词)
2. 分析语境:
- 根据上下文判断,如“She is (happy) today.” 答案:happy(系动词后用形容词);“He studies (hard) than his brother.” 答案:harder(有“than”用比较级)
- 例子:This is the (difficult) question I have ever met. 答案:most difficult(有“the”且有“ever”,用最高级)
3. 多练多总结:
- 大量练习不同题型,总结错题,积累如“be interested in”“be good at”等常见搭配。
- 例子:He is (careful) in his class. 答案:the most careful (有“in his class”范围,用最高级)
练习题:单句语法填空(5年真题+3年模拟)
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)高考复习*语法专练
5年真题:
[2024年甲卷] Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
[2023年浙江省1月]Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
[2022年全国甲卷]In 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___8___ (high) mountain.
[2022年全国乙卷]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___4___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
[2022年北京卷] That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____9____ (bad).
[2021年新高考Ⅰ卷] The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ___4____ (hot) the spring!
[2021年全国甲卷] After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 5_____ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
[2021年浙江卷1月] This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
[2021年浙江卷6月] When the house was built, it was much __4__ (small) than it is today. Mary loved it.
[2020年北京卷] They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were 10 (smart)than the Neanderthals.
[2020年浙江卷1月] The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 6 (old)than before.
[2020年全国III卷] The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
3年模拟-1:
1. (2024 河北石家庄质检)At the end of the year, working people get ______ (much) free time than usual to prepare for the sacrifice to the ancestors.
2. (2024 福建泉州质检)China launched the Wentian space laboratory into orbit on 24 July. The space lab, which weighs 23 metric tons and is 17.9 metres tall, is the country's ______ (large) spacecraft to date.
3. (2024 湘豫名校联考)The 31st FISU Summer World University Games was ______ (successful) held in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan Province from 28 July to 8 August.
4. (2023 山东泰安三模)Artificial intelligence (AI) has brought a far ______ (much) powerful tool to assist with medical diagnoses—ChatGPT4.
5. (2023 河北唐山二模)Maybe that is the reason why fewer and fewer young people want to learn this skill and take ______ (large) -paying jobs in larger towns.
6. (2023 河北部分示范性高中三模)But what began as a contest for conservationists has become a global campaign where superfans stump for (大肆宣传) their favourite bear to be voted the ______ (fat) of them all.
7. (2023 衡水中学第五次综合素养测评)In ancient times, fireworks weren't always ______ (wide) affordable. So people in Nuanquan made use of scrap iron and developed Da Shuhua as a way to celebrate festivals.
8. (2023 湖南郴州三模)Best of all, the new thermoregulatory material is inexpensive to produce, and very environmentally friendly as it is durable and ______ (easy) reusable.
9. (2023 衡水中学高三考前冲刺卷)The kite has the head of a dragon and the body of a centipede(蜈蚣) and is the ______ (wide) of its kind in the world.
10. (2023 广东 10 月联考)However, paper money was ______ (simple) too convenient to give up, and so in the end it replaced coins.
11. (2023 武汉高三五月模拟)In recent years,local authorities have replaced their handmade ladders with a steel one, ______ (extreme) reducing their travel time.
3年模拟-2:
1. (2024 上海中学高三模拟)The bridge connecting the two cities is the ______ (long) of its kind in the province.
2. (2023 南京金陵中学高三联考)The music played at the concert was ______ (beautiful) than any I had heard before.
3. (2022 北京人大附中高三质检)He answered the questions ______ (correct) and won the first prize.
4. (2024 广州执信中学高三月考)The athlete trained ______ (hard) than ever before to prepare for the competition.
5. (2023 天津耀华中学高三期中)This kind of flower is ______ (rare) seen in this area during winter.
6. (2022 三明二中高三阶段考)The relationship between these two concepts is ______ (intricate) complex and requires in-depth study.
7. (2024 龙岩一中高三模拟)The novel written by this renowned author is ______ (extraordinary) thought-provoking and insightful.
8. (2023 宁德一中高三调研)The speed at which information spreads nowadays is ______ (fast) than ever before.
9. (2022 南平一中高三质检)The quality of the products produced by this factory has improved ______ (remarkable) in recent years.
10. (2024 鹰潭一中高三月考)The cultural heritage of this ancient city is ______ (precious) than that of the neighboring one.
11. (2024 厦门一中高三模拟)The solution to this complex mathematical problem is ______ (much) based on the comprehension of ordinary students than the old one.
12. (2023 福州三中高三联考)The influence of this new technology on people's lives is ______ (increasing) profound and wide-ranging.
13. (2022 泉州五中高三质检)The performance of the team in the competition was ______ (significant) better than their previous ones.
14. (2024 漳州一中高三月考)The changes in the climate over the past decade have been ______ (alarming) rapid.
15. (2023 莆田一中高三期中)The development of artificial intelligence is ______ (potential) capable of transforming various industries.
答案及解析:
5 年真题:
1. largest 句子翻译:黄石公园曾是美国最大的国家公园——面积达 220 万英亩——直到 1978 年位于阿拉斯加南部的朗格尔 - 圣伊莱亚斯成为国家保护区,并于 1980 年以 1230 万英亩的面积成为国家公园,荣获这一殊荣。 分析:根据语境,这里是在将多个国家公园的面积进行比较,用最高级形式。
2. simpler 句子翻译:他们的四合院规模小得多,设计和装饰也更简单,胡同也更窄。 分析:and 连接并列成分,前面用了比较级 smaller,这里也用比较级 simpler。
3. eventually 句子翻译:大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫栖息地之间的连通性,并最终在野外达到理想的种群数量水平。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 achieve,eventual 的副词形式是 eventually。
4. highest 句子翻译:2016 年,他登上了非洲最高的山——乞力马扎罗山的山顶。 分析:在描述“非洲最高的山”,用最高级 highest。
5. largest 句子翻译:作为国际茶日的主要推动者、茶叶的发源地和最大的产茶国,中国有责任与其他国家合作,促进茶叶产业的健康发展。 分析:根据语境,是在说“最大的产茶国”,用最高级 largest。
6. worse 句子翻译:这是个大问题,而且变得更糟了。 分析:even 修饰比较级,bad 的比较级是 worse。
7. hotter 句子翻译:关于这个温泉令人惊奇的是,温度越低,泉水越热! 分析:“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”表示“越……,越……”,hot 的比较级是 hotter。
8. better 句子翻译:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们觉得是时候采取行动了,还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好呢! 分析:根据语境,这里是在比较,“什么比……更好”,good 的比较级是 better。
9. lower 句子翻译:这可能是由于农村居民的一些不利因素,包括收入和教育水平较低、健康食品成本较高以及体育设施较少。 分析:and 连接并列成分,后面用了 higher,这里用 lower。
10. smaller 句子翻译:这座房子建造的时候比现在小得多。玛丽喜欢它。 分析:根据 than 可知,此处用比较级 smaller。
11. smarter 句子翻译:艺术家的声誉使他感到骄傲。有一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他召集了所有伟大的艺术家来展示他们最好的作品,以便他能选出最好的。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 smarter。
12. older 句子翻译:首先是出生率下降,这意味着老年一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前更老龄化了。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 older。
3 年模拟 - 1:
1. more 句子翻译:年底时,劳动人民比平时有更多的空闲时间来准备祭祖。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 more。
2. largest 句子翻译:中国于 7 月 24 日将问天空间实验室送入轨道。这个重 23 公吨、高 17.9 米的空间实验室是该国迄今为止最大的航天器。 分析:根据语境,是“最大的航天器”,用最高级 largest。
3. successfully 句子翻译:第 31 届国际大学生夏季运动会于 7 月 28 日至 8 月 8 日在中国西南部四川省成都市成功举办。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 held,successful 的副词形式是 successfully。
4. more 句子翻译:人工智能(AI)为协助医疗诊断带来了一个更强大的工具——ChatGPT-4。 分析:far 修饰比较级,用 more。
5. larger 句子翻译:也许这就是为什么越来越少的年轻人愿意学习这门手艺,而选择去更大的城镇从事高薪工作的原因。 分析:根据语境,用比较级 larger。
6. fattest 句子翻译:但一开始是环保主义者的竞赛,现在已经变成了一场全球运动,超级粉丝们大力宣传他们最喜欢的熊,让它被选为最胖的熊。 分析:根据语境,“最胖的”用最高级 fattest。
7. widely 句子翻译:在古代,烟花并非人人都能买得起。所以暖泉镇的人们利用废铁,开发了打树花作为庆祝节日的一种方式。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 affordable,wide 的副词形式是 widely。
8. easily 句子翻译:最重要的是,这种新的温度调节材料生产成本低,而且非常环保,因为它耐用且易于重复使用。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 reusable,easy 的副词形式是 easily。
9. widest 句子翻译:这个风筝有着龙头和蜈蚣身,是世界上同类型风筝中最宽的。 分析:根据语境,“最宽的”用最高级 widest。
10. simply 句子翻译:然而,纸币实在是太方便了,根本无法放弃,所以最终它取代了硬币。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 convenient,simple 的副词形式是 simply。
11. extremely 句子翻译:近年来,当地政府用钢梯取代了他们的手工梯,极大地减少了他们的旅行时间。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 reducing,extreme 的副词形式是 extremely。
3 年模拟 - 2:
1. longest 句子翻译:连接这两个城市的桥是这个省同类型桥中最长的。 分析:“最长的”用最高级 longest。
2. more beautiful 句子翻译:音乐会上演奏的音乐比我以前听过的任何音乐都美。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 more beautiful。
3. correctly 句子翻译:他正确地回答了问题,赢得了一等奖。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 answered,correct 的副词形式是 correctly。
4. harder 句子翻译:为了准备比赛,这位运动员比以往任何时候都训练得更刻苦。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 harder。
5. rarely 句子翻译:这种花在这个地区冬天很少见。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 seen,rare 的副词形式是 rarely。
6. intricately 句子翻译:这两个概念之间的关系极其复杂,需要深入研究。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 complex,intricate 的副词形式是 intricately。
7. extraordinarily 句子翻译:这位著名作家写的这部小说非常发人深省、富有洞察力。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 thought-provoking 和 insightful,extraordinary 的副词形式是 extraordinarily。
8. faster 句子翻译:如今信息传播的速度比以往任何时候都快。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 faster。
9. remarkably 句子翻译:这家工厂生产的产品质量近年来有了显著提高。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰动词 improved,remarkable 的副词形式是 remarkably。
10. more precious 句子翻译:这座古城的文化遗产比邻近城市的更珍贵。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 more precious。
11. more 句子翻译:这个复杂数学问题的解决方案比旧方案更多地基于普通学生的理解。 分析:根据 than 可知,用比较级 more。
12. increasingly 句子翻译:这项新技术对人们生活的影响越来越深远和广泛。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 profound 和 wide-ranging,increase 的副词形式是 increasingly。
13. significantly 句子翻译:这个团队在比赛中的表现比之前的显著要好。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 better,significant 的副词形式是 significantly。
14. alarmingly 句子翻译:过去十年的气候变化速度惊人地快。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 rapid,alarming 的副词形式是 alarmingly。
15. potentially 句子翻译:人工智能的发展有可能改变各个行业。 分析:此处需要一个副词修饰形容词 capable,potential 的副词形式是 potentially。