专题 S-7【简语法-单句语法填空专练】连词 &状语从句 高考英语复习核心考点+最新练习题汇编（全国通用）（含解析）

[连词] &[状语从句]
高考考核点：
并列连词：
表示并列关系，如 and （和）、both...and... （两者都）等。
例如：I like both English and Math.
表示选择关系，如 or （或者）、either...or... （要么……要么……）等。
比如：Either you or I am wrong.
表示转折关系，如 but （但是）、while （然而）等。
像：I was reading while he was playing games.
从属连词：
引导时间状语从句，如 when （当……时候）、while （在……期间）、as （当……时候）、before （在……之前）、after （在……之后）、since （自从）、until （直到）等。
例如：I was doing my homework when my mother came back.
引导条件状语从句，如 if （如果）、unless （除非）、as/so long as （只要）等。
比如：If it rains tomorrow, we won't go hiking.
引导原因状语从句，如 because （因为）、since （既然）、as （由于）等。
像：Because he was ill, he didn't go to school.
引导目的状语从句，如 so that （以便）、in order that （为了）等。
例如：He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.
引导结果状语从句，如 so...that... （如此……以至于……）、such...that... （如此……以至于……）等。
比如：He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
温馨提醒：
1. 熟悉各类连词的用法：
要求学生牢记并列连词（如 and, but, or 等）和从属连词（如 when, while, because 等）的基本
含义和用法。
让学生通过例句和语境来理解不同连词的细微差别。
2. 加强语法分析能力：
- 培养学生分析句子结构的能力，确定句子之间的逻辑关系，从而选择合适的连词。
- 提醒学生注意主从句的时态一致性等问题。
3. 多做练习题：
- 提供大量的语法填空题，让学生在实践中积累经验。
- 可以从历年高考真题和模拟题中选取有代表性的题目进行练习。
4. 错题整理与反思：
- 学生要将做错的题目整理出来，分析错误原因。
- 针对经常出错的连词考点进行重点复习和强化训练。
练习题：单句语法填空(5年真题+3年模拟)
(
1
)高考复习*语法专练
5年真题：
[2024年全国II卷] Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
[2024年浙江卷1月] Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ___2___ you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
[2024年北京卷(改编)] And ___7____ asked about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
[2023年北京卷(改编)] 4 seen from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), ____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头).
[2023年全国乙卷] It is a distinct visual contrast（反差）that shouldn’t work, 5.______ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.
[2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷] So, what are they learning It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop __9___ to see the pandas settle into their new home.
[2023年浙江省1月]During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1 arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
[2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷] He hung on for a few minutes ___6___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
[2022年全国乙卷] The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___7___ cultural exchanges.
[2022年浙江卷 6月] "The feeling of being able to see it _____10_____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
[2021年新高考Ⅰ卷] Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ___7____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
[2021年全国甲卷] My bike was old and shaky 7_____ did the job.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
[2021年新高考全国II卷] I found the contact information of the company____5____ emailed its president.
[2021年浙江卷1月] In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
[2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷] They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2 until they died, and then it was given to a museum.
[2020年全国新高考Ⅱ卷] Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 7 discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
[2020年全国III卷] 5 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
[2020年浙江卷1月] It's also that they are on average healthier 10 more productive for longer.
3年模拟-1：
1. [2024·重庆模拟]Huan Huan and Yuan Zai have been expanding their family _______ they arrived, thanks to the joint efforts of Beauval Zoo and China's Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
2. [2024·福建福州模拟]I feel I'm missing something _______ I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.
3. [2024·四川绵阳·二模]Then there became a saying that 199 you eat dumplings during the winter solstice, then you won’t freeze your ears off.
4. [台州市 2024 届高三第一次教学质量评估试题 ] Biangbiang noodles, are named for the “biang-ing” sound the noodles are said to make when ____61____ (beat) on the table as they are being formed.
5. [2024 届山东省枣庄市高三上学期一模英语试题] 42 it moves a meter, what harm is done The Great Wall still stands tall today, yet gone is its builder, Emperor Qinshihuang.
6. [2024 届山东省潍坊市高三下学期一模英语试题]Legend has it that Wing Chun founder Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple 39 it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers.
7. [2024 届北京市西城区高三下学期一模英语试题]“You needn’t try it 11 you don’t want to, ”Mum said.
8. [2023·浙江杭州调研一]Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well _____ the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed(赋予).
9. [2023·山东省实验中学一模]The stage props (道具) are quite simple: A fan, a handkerchief ______ a table will be adequate.
10. [2023·山东日照二模]The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, _____ this is true happiness indeed.
11. [2023·河北衡水中学押题卷]For instance, you have to add ingredients in the correct order, _____ cookies will be unpleasantly wet.
12. [2023·湖南名校联盟 5 月压轴卷]However, __________ the conditions didn't meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets, they struggled to make a living.
13. [上海杨浦区 2023 学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研] ___7___ helping to clear water from a flooded
supermarket, they saw a huge amount of food being wasted.
14. [重 庆 缙 云 教 育 联 盟 2024 年高考第一次诊断性检测]Widespread screening for thousands of potentially harmful genes may be counterproductive: some results may worry parents unnecessarily, because some genetic variations, ____43____ occasionally indicative of disease, are not strongly so.
15. [金山区 2023 学年第一学期质量监控]Truth is, ___29___ we had, I’m not sure I would have recognized him without his profile picture.
3年模拟-2：
1. [2023 山东省实验中学一模]Even though she has faced numerous challenges and setbacks in her life, she never loses hope and keeps striving forward _______ she firmly believes that there is always light at the end of the tunnel.
2. [台州市 2024 届高三第一次教学质量评估试题]I was walking along the street, enjoying the beautiful scenery and breathing the fresh air _______ suddenly, it started to rain heavily.
3. [2023 广东佛山模拟]The little boy was playing happily in the park, running around and laughing loudly _______ all of a sudden, he tripped over a stone and fell down.
4. [2022 江苏扬州模拟]She had been waiting for the bus for a long time and was getting impatient _______ finally, the bus arrived.
5. [2024 浙江宁波模拟]I was reading an interesting book, completely absorbed in the story _______ my phone rang and interrupted me.
6. [2023 山东省实验中学一模]I had just finished cleaning the entire house and was sitting on the sofa, feeling exhausted but relieved, _______ suddenly my phone rang, disrupting the moment of tranquility.
7. [台州市 2024 届高三第一次教学质量评估试题]The children were playing happily in the park, running around, chasing each other, and laughing joyfully, _______ all of a sudden, a fierce dog appeared, scaring them badly.
8. [2023 广东佛山模拟]She had been working on the project for weeks, spending long hours in the office, doing research and making countless revisions, _______ still, she wasn't satisfied with the final outcome.
9. [2022 江苏扬州模拟]I was walking along the busy street, surrounded by the noise of traffic and the hustle and bustle of people, lost in my own thoughts, _______ unexpectedly, someone called my name from behind.
10. [2024 浙江宁波模拟]The team had been training hard for months, enduring tough physical exercises and facing various challenges, _______ yet, they were still nervous before the important competition.
11. [2023 河北衡水模拟]I was standing in the long queue at the supermarket, waiting impatiently to pay for my groceries, looking at my watch from time to time, _______ just then, the power went out, causing chaos.
12. [2024 四川成都模拟]The students were engaged in a passionate debate about the controversial topic, presenting their viewpoints and counterarguments with enthusiasm, _______ when the bell rang, they had to stop reluctantly.
13. [2022 福建厦门模拟]You should prepare an umbrella and a raincoat before going out, as the weather forecast predicts heavy rain and strong winds later in the day, _______ otherwise, you might get caught in the storm.
14. [2023 湖南长沙模拟]I had been struggling with the difficult math problem for hours, my head spinning and my patience wearing thin, _______ despite all my efforts, I still couldn't find the solution.
15. [2024 广东珠海模拟]She has been studying English intensively, attending extra classes, doing numerous exercises, and communicating with native speakers as much as possible, _______ however, her progress has been slower than expected.
答案及解析：
以下是上述题目的答案及解析：
5 年真题：
1. 答案：and
汉语意思：埃德蒙森说：“听到汉语并且看到唐的戏剧正在上演，这非常令人兴奋。”
解析：“hear the Chinese language”（听到汉语）和“see how Tang’s play was being performed”（看到唐的戏剧正在上演）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
2. 答案：or
汉语意思：要么你的购物太重拿不回家，要么你在东西还新鲜的时候用不了你买的东西。
解析：“your shopping is then too heavy to carry home”（你的购物太重拿不回家）和“you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh”（你在东西还新鲜的时候用不了你买的东西）是两种可能的情况，用 or 表示选择。
3. 答案：When
汉语意思：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。
解析：“asked about his new title”（被问及他的新头衔）是时间状语，用 When 引导时间状语从句。
4. 答案：When
汉语意思：当从远处看时，红树林看起来更加壮观。
解析：“seen from afar”（从远处看）是时间状语，用 When 引导时间状语从句。
5. 答案：or
汉语意思：要吃一个，你得决定是先在上面咬一个小洞，放出蒸汽并冒着溢出的风险，还是把整个饺子放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆开。
解析：“to bite a small hole in it first”（先在上面咬一个小洞）和“to put the whole dumpling in your mouth”（把整个饺子放进嘴里）是两种选择，用 or 连接。
6. 答案：but
汉语意思：他坚持了几分钟但尖叫着找他父亲，但是他父亲没听见他。
解析：“He hung on for a few minutes”（他坚持了几分钟）和“screamed for his father”（尖叫着找他父亲）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
7. 答案：and
汉语意思：在仪式上发布的“首届国际茶日茶路合作倡议”呼吁茶行业的人们共同努力促进国际合作和文化交流。
解析：“promote international cooperation”（促进国际合作）和“cultural exchanges”（文化交流）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
8. 答案：and
汉语意思：所以，他们在学习什么？很荣幸看到熊猫项目的发展并看到熊猫在新家安顿下来。
解析：“watch the panda programme develop”（看到熊猫项目的发展）和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”（看到熊猫在新家安顿下来）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
9. 答案：and
汉语意思：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划了北京的城市并根据社会阶层安排了居民区。
解析：“planned the city of Beijing”（规划了北京的城市）和“arranged the residential areas according to social classes”（根据社会阶层安排了居民区）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
10. 答案：and
汉语意思：他坚持了几分钟并尖叫着找他父亲，但是他父亲没听见他。
解析：“hung on for a few minutes”（坚持了几分钟）和“screamed for his father”（尖叫着找他父亲）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
11. 答案：and
汉语意思：仪式上发布的“首届国际茶日茶路合作倡议”呼吁茶行业人士携手促进国际合作和文化交流。
解析：“international cooperation”（国际合作）和“cultural exchanges”（文化交流）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
12. 答案：and
汉语意思：能够看到它并形成自己的观点的这种感觉就像盲人打破了另一堵墙。
解析：“see it”（看到它）和“to form my opinion”（形成我的观点）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
13. 答案：and
汉语意思：虽然它是你上山途中唯一不自然的东西，但它突出了整个冒险并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息酸痛双腿的地方。
解析：“highlights the whole adventure”（突出了整个冒险）和“offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs”（提供了一个你可以坐下来休息酸痛双腿的地方）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
14. 答案：but
汉语意思：我的自行车又旧又摇晃，但能完成工作。据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和瞭望塔停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人的日常生活。
解析：“My bike was old and shaky”（我的自行车又旧又摇晃）和“did the job”（能完成工作）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
15. 答案：and
汉语意思：我找到了公司的联系方式并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。
解析：“found the contact information of the company”（找到了公司的联系方式）和“emailed its president”（给公司总裁发了电子邮件）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
16. 答案：and
汉语意思：在一项对 200 个国家 33 年来体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现全世界的人都在变胖，而且体重指数的大部分增长是由于农村地区的增长。
解析：“people worldwide are getting heavier”（全世界的人都在变胖）和“that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas”（体重指数的大部分增长是由于农村地区的增长）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
17. 答案：or
汉语意思：他们把收藏品留在家里，直到收藏品变得太大或者直到他们去世，然后把它给了博物馆。
解析：“it got too big”（变得太大）和“they died”（他们去世）是两种可能的情况，用 or 连接。
18. 答案：and
汉语意思：该系列中的每一卷都探索了广泛的材料，解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了它们对日常生活的影响。
解析：“explores a wide range of material”（探索了广泛的材料）、“explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems”（解释了数字系统主要应用的基本概念）和“discusses the influences they have on everyday life”（讨论了它们对日常生活的影响）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
19. 答案：When
汉语意思：当他问河边的村民在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们微笑着指着河的下游。
解析：“asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist”（问河边的村民在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家）是时间状语，用 When 引导时间状语从句。
20. 答案：and
汉语意思：而且他们平均更健康，工作效率更高，工作时间更长。
解析：“healthier”（更健康）和“more productive for longer”（工作效率更高，工作时间更长）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
3 年模拟 - 1：
1. 答案：since
汉语意思：欢欢和圆仔自从到达以来，在博瓦尔动物园和中国成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的共同努力下，一直在繁衍后代。
解析：“have been expanding their family”（一直在繁衍后代）是现在完成进行时，“since”引导时间状语从句，表示“自从......以来”。
2. 答案：if
汉语意思：如果我在元宵节不吃元宵，我会觉得少了点什么。
解析：“I don't eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival”（我在元宵节不吃元宵）是假设的情况，用 if 引导条件状语从句。
3. 答案：if
汉语意思：于是就有了一种说法，如果在冬至吃饺子，耳朵就不会冻掉。
解析：“you eat dumplings during the winter solstice”（在冬至吃饺子）是假设的情况，用 if 引导条件状语从句。
4. 答案：beaten
汉语意思：biangbiang 面之所以得名，是因为据说面条在制作时被拍打在桌子上会发出“biang”的声音。
解析：“the noodles”和“beat”之间是被动关系，用过去分词 beaten 作状语。
5. 答案：If
汉语意思：如果它移动一米，会有什么危害呢？长城至今仍屹立不倒，但其建造者秦始皇却已不在。
解析：“it moves a meter”（它移动一米）是假设的情况，用 If 引导条件状语从句。
6. 答案：when
汉语意思：传说咏春拳创始人五枚师太在少林寺居住时，少林寺遭到了清朝军队的攻击和破坏。
解析：“Ng Mui was living at Shaolin Temple”（五枚师太在少林寺居住）是时间状语，“it was attacked and destroyed by Qing dynasty forcers”（遭到了清朝军队的攻击和破坏）是在这个时间发生的事情，用 when 引导时间状语从句。
7. 答案：if
汉语意思：妈妈说：“如果你不想试，就不必试。”
解析：“you don’t want to”（你不想）是假设的情况，用 if 引导条件状语从句。
8. 答案：that
汉语意思：没有复杂的装饰，它将建筑与风景结合得如此之好，以至于整个花园看起来像是自然赋予的。
解析：“so...that...”（如此......以至于......）引导结果状语从句。
9. 答案：and
汉语意思：舞台道具非常简单：一把扇子、一块手帕和一张桌子就足够了。
解析：“A fan, a handkerchief”（一把扇子、一块手帕）和“a table”（一张桌子）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
10. 答案：and
汉语意思：目光飞扬，心灵舒展，感官的愉悦达到顶峰，这才是真正的幸福。
解析：“The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak”（目光飞扬，心灵舒展，感官的愉悦达到顶峰）和“this is true happiness indeed”（这才是真正的幸福）是并列关系，用 and 连接。
11. 答案：or
汉语意思：例如，你必须按照正确的顺序添加配料，否则饼干会令人不快地潮湿。
解析：“add ingredients in the correct order”（按照正确的顺序添加配料）和“cookies will be unpleasantly wet”（饼干会令人不快地潮湿）是两种情况，用 or 表示否则。
12. 答案：because
汉语意思：然而，因为条件不符合豆腐在超市销售的食品安全标准，他们难以谋生。
解析：“the conditions didn't meet the food safety standards for the tofu to be sold in supermarkets”（条件不符合豆腐在超市销售的食品安全标准）是“they struggled to make a living”（他们难以谋生）的原因，用 because 引导原因状语从句。
13. 答案：While
汉语意思：在帮助从被水淹的超市清理水的时候，他们看到大量的食物被浪费了。
解析：“helping to clear water from a flooded supermarket”（帮助从被水淹的超市清理水）是时间状语，用 While 引导时间状语从句。
14. 答案：though
汉语意思：广泛筛查数千种潜在有害基因可能会适得其反：一些结果可能会不必要地让父母担心，因为一些基因变异虽然偶尔表明有疾病，但并不是很强。
解析：“some genetic variations... are not strongly so”（一些基因变异并不是很强）和“occasionally indicative of disease”（偶尔表明有疾病）之间是转折关系，用 though 引导让步状语从句。
15. 答案：but
汉语意思：事实是，即使我们有过（经历），如果没有他的个人资料照片，我不确定我是否能认出他。
解析：“we had”（我们有过）和“I’m not sure I would have recognized him without his profile picture”（如果没有他的个人资料照片，我不确定我是否能认出他）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
3 年模拟 - 2：
1. 答案：because
汉语意思：尽管她在生活中面临无数的挑战和挫折，但她从不失去希望并继续努力向前，因为她坚信隧道尽头总有光明。
解析：“she never loses hope and keeps striving forward”（她从不失去希望并继续努力向前）和“she firmly believes that there is always light at the end of the tunnel”（她坚信隧道尽头总有光明）之间是因果关系，用 because 引导原因状语从句。
2. 答案：when
汉语意思：我正在街上走着，欣赏着美丽的风景，呼吸着新鲜的空气，突然，开始下起了大雨。
解析：“I was walking along the street”（我正在街上走着）和“it started to rain heavily”（开始下起了大雨）是时间关系，用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时”。
3. 答案：but
汉语意思：小男孩正在公园里开心地玩着，到处跑着，大声笑着，但是突然，他被一块石头绊倒了。
解析：“The little boy was playing happily”（小男孩正在开心地玩着）和“he tripped over a stone and fell down”（他被一块石头绊倒了）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
4. 答案：and
汉语意思：她等公交车已经等了很长时间并且变得不耐烦，最后，公交车来了。
解析：“She had been waiting for the bus for a long time and was getting impatient”（她等公交车已经等了很长时间并且变得不耐烦）和“finally, the bus arrived”（最后，公交车来了）之间是顺承关系，用 and 连接。
5. 答案：when
汉语意思：我正在读一本有趣的书，完全沉浸在故事中，这时我的电话响了，打断了我。
解析：“I was reading an interesting book”（我正在读一本有趣的书）和“my phone rang and interrupted me”（我的电话响了，打断了我）之间是时间关系，用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时”。
6. 答案：when
汉语意思：我刚刚打扫完整个房子，正坐在沙发上，感觉疲惫但又轻松，这时突然我的电话响了，打破了这一刻的宁静。
解析：“I had just finished cleaning the entire house and was sitting on the sofa”（我刚刚打扫完整个房子，正坐在沙发上）和“suddenly my phone rang”（突然我的电话响了）是时间关系，用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时”。
7. 答案：but
汉语意思：孩子们正在公园里开心地玩着，到处跑着，互相追逐，欢快地笑着，但是突然，一只凶猛的狗出现了，把他们吓得不轻。
解析：“The children were playing happily”（孩子们正在开心地玩着）和“a fierce dog appeared, scaring them badly”（一只凶猛的狗出现了，把他们吓得不轻）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
8. 答案：but
汉语意思：她已经在这个项目上工作了几个星期，在办公室花了很长时间，做研究并进行了无数次修改，但仍然对最终结果不满意。
解析：“She had been working on the project for weeks”（她已经在这个项目上工作了几个星期）和“she wasn't satisfied with the final outcome”（她仍然对最终结果不满意）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
9. 答案：when
汉语意思：我正沿着繁忙的街道走着，被交通的噪音和人群的喧嚣所包围，沉浸在自己的思绪中，没想到，有人从后面叫我的名字。
解析：“I was walking along the busy street”（我正沿着繁忙的街道走着）和“someone called my name from behind”（有人从后面叫我的名字）是时间关系，用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时”。
10. 答案：but
汉语意思：这个团队已经训练了好几个月，忍受着艰苦的体能训练和面临着各种挑战，但在重要比赛前他们仍然很紧张。
解析：“The team had been training hard for months”（这个团队已经训练了好几个月）和“they were still nervous before the important competition”（在重要比赛前他们仍然很紧张）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
11. 答案：when
汉语意思：我正站在超市的长队里，不耐烦地等着付我的杂货钱，不时地看表，就在这时，停电了，造成了混乱。
解析：“I was standing in the long queue at the supermarket”（我正站在超市的长队里）和“the power went out, causing chaos”（停电了，造成了混乱）是时间关系，用 when 引导时间状语从句，表示“就在这时”。
12. 答案：but
汉语意思：学生们正在就这个有争议的话题进行激烈的辩论，热情地提出他们的观点和反驳意见，但是当铃声响起时，他们不得不不情愿地停下来。
解析：“The students were engaged in a passionate debate”（学生们正在进行激烈的辩论）和“they had to stop reluctantly”（他们不得不不情愿地停下来）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
13. 答案：or
汉语意思：你出门前应该准备一把雨伞和一件雨衣，因为天气预报说今天晚些时候会有大雨和强风，否则，你可能会被困在暴风雨中。
解析：“You should prepare an umbrella and a raincoat before going out”（你出门前应该准备一把雨伞和一件雨衣）和“you might get caught in the storm”（你可能会被困在暴风雨中）是两种情况，用 or 表示否则。
14. 答案：but
汉语意思：我已经和这道数学难题斗争了好几个小时，头晕目眩，耐心也消磨殆尽，但尽管我付出了所有努力，仍然找不到解决方案。
解析：“I had been struggling with the difficult math problem for hours”（我已经和这道数学难题斗争了好几个小时）和“I still couldn't find the solution”（仍然找不到解决方案）之间是转折关系，用 but 连接。
15. 答案：however
汉语意思：她一直在努力学习英语，参加额外的课程，做大量的练习，并尽可能多地与母语人士交流，然而，她的进步还是比预期的要慢。
解析：“She has been studying English intensively”（她一直在努力学习英语）和“her progress has been slower than expected”（她的进步还是比预期的要慢）之间是转折关系，however 常用逗号与句子隔开，表示“然而”。