专题 S-8【简语法-单句语法填空专练】动词时态&语态 高考英语复习核心考点+最新练习题汇编（全国通用）（含解析）

[动词]
高考考核点：
时态用法
要根据时间状语判断时态。比如“yesterday”常与一般过去时连用；“often”常与一般现在时连用；“tomorrow”常与一般将来时连用；“so far”常与现在完成时连用等。但也要注意有些句子没有明显的时间状语，需要根据上下文语境来判断。
例如：I have learned English for five years. （“for five years”提示用现在完成时）
She always goes to school by bike. （“always”提示用一般现在时）
注意时态的一致性。在复合句中，如果主句和从句的动作发生的时间不同，需要根据各自的时间选择相应的时态。
例如：He said he would come if he was free. （主句用一般过去时，从句用过去将来时）
语态用法
明确主语和动作之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动。如果主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。
例如：The house was built last year. （房子是被建造的，用被动语态）
注意不同时态的被动语态的构成形式。比如一般现在时的被动语态是“am/is/are + 过去分词”，一般过去时的被动语态是“was/were + 过去分词”等。
例如：This book is sold well. （一般现在时的被动语态）
The flowers were watered by her yesterday. （一般过去时的被动语态）
温馨提醒：
1. 认真审题，理解语境
- 仔细阅读整个句子和上下文，了解所描述的情境和动作发生的时间背景。
- 例如：“Yesterday, I （visit） my grandparents.” 从“Yesterday”这个时间词可以判断出应使用
一般过去时，答案为“visited”。
2. 分析句子结构
- 确定句子的主语、谓语和宾语等成分，判断所缺成分与动词时态和语态的关系。
- 比如：“The problem （solve） by them soon.” 句子中“problem”是动作的承受者，且有“soon”，
应使用一般将来时的被动语态，答案为“will be solved”。
3. 关注标志性词汇
- 留意时间状语，如“now”“at present”常与现在进行时连用；“in the past”“last year”常与一般
过去时连用等。
- 例如：“She （do） her homework at this time yesterday.” 看到“at this time yesterday”，应使用
过去进行时，答案为“was doing”。
4. 多做练习题，总结规律
- 通过大量的练习，熟悉各种时态和语态在不同语境中的运用。
- 分析做错的题目，总结容易出错的点和常考的知识点。
练习题：单句语法填空(5年真题+3年模拟)
(
1
)高考复习*语法专练
5年真题：
1. [2024年全国I卷] Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
2. [2024年甲卷]What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place
3. [2024年全国II卷] Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4. [2023年全国乙卷] The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10.______ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
5. [2023年全国甲卷] Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
6. [2023年全国乙卷] Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 7.______ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage（遗产）while constantly growing.
7. [2022年全国甲卷] In the last five years. Cao ___7___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,
8. [2022年新高考I卷] The GPNP ___5___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
9. [2020年全国I卷] "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it___7___(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon___8___(construct)".
10. [2020年全国II卷] This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers___2___(carry) special significance.
11. [2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷] The parts of a museum open to the public___5___ （call）galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection___ 6___（be）on display.
23. [2020年全国新高考Ⅱ卷] Because the number of possible topics 8 （be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.
12. [2022年新高考I卷] The GPNP ___5___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
26. [2020年全国III卷] The artist was sure he would___3___(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
13. [2020年全国I卷] Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it___7___(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon___8___(construct)".
14. [2020年全国新高考Ⅰ卷] The parts of a museum open to the public___5___ （call）galleries or rooms.
3年模拟-1：
1. (2024 河北石家庄质检)Nowadays, many across the world ___ (be) eager to learn about China through stories about Chinese civilisation and contemporary China.
2. (2024 湖南长沙模拟)He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Facebook. The oneday event ___ (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014.
3. (2024 陕西西安质检)The Taizhou outlet of Dayin Bookmall, a famous bookstore chain from Shanghai, ___ (open) last year on the street in a traditional Chinesestyle building with cuttingedge designs.
4. (2023 山东泰安三模)For the past few decades, many of us ___ (rely) on “Doctor Google” to selfdiagnose(自我诊断) aches, pains and complaints.
5. (2021 浙江6月卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
6. (2023 衡水中学第五次综合素养测评)Every year, this unique firework display ___ (attract) tons of people in spite of the freezing cold weather and draws attention for its protection. Since 2021, it ___ (be listed) as an intangible cultural heritage of China.
7. (2024 江苏南京质检)This time he ___ (equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive.
8. (2023 山东烟台高三考前热身)The concept ___ (be spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.
9. (2024 重庆模拟)The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote(死记硬背的) learning ___ (be reduced), the notice said.
10. (2023 广东省联考)On that day, there ___ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
11. At present neither my wife nor I myself ___ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
12. (2024 河南郑州模拟)Four classical plays, including The Peony Pavilion, ___ (be updated) and restored in the past few years.
13. The musician along with his band members ___ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
14. (2022 新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___ (be) previously unprotected...
15. (2024 河北石家庄质检)The formation of each celadon ___ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1,300℃ for 400 hours can it be made into an object.
3年模拟-2：
16. (2024 福建厦门质检)What ___ (make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.
17. (2023 山东新高考联合模拟) Obviously, the business ___ (grow) since the beginning of this year. Despite being very busy at times, Chung is excited to earn money on his own, and it has also boosted his selfconfidence.
18. (2024 福建福州模拟)In October, China ___ (launch) a solar exploration satellite called Kuafu1 into space to settle the mysteries of the sun, producing its first solar image in November.
19. (2024 山东青岛质检)Green is the colour of wealth, hope and growth, commonly believed to represent purity and cleanness. Many buildings ___ (be painted) in green nowadays, as is often the case with banks, post offices and some restaurants.
20. (2023 衡水中学第四次素养测评)In the past decades, efforts ___ (be made) by Mentougou District to preserve this signature folk dance culture. Today, the timehonoured folk art of the Jingxi Taiping Drum is being taken up by the young people and is presenting its lively artistic charm(魅力) on a global stage.
21. (2024 山东青岛质检)Dough(面团) sculpture, also known as dough flowers, ___ (date) back to the Han Dynasty (202 BC—220 AD).
22. (2023 武汉高三五月模拟)The twohour climb ___ (be) the villagers' only way to access the outside world. In recent years, local authorities have replaced their handmade ladders with a steel one, extremely reducing their travel time.
23. (2024 江苏南京质检)Apart from that, the six component parts of the lamp can all be taken apart, and ___ (be) easy to clean.
24. (2023 湖南常德3月模拟)You can imagine our complete surprise at hearing that Yantai is home to one of the world's leading wine brands. In fact, Yantai ___ (produce) as much as 40 percent of the wine in China. A number like that is no joke.
25. (2023 湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum ___ (be established) in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad to visit the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
26. (2023 湖北十堰四月调研)He wished to share their cultural heritage through their textiles, so he attended events like meetings related to their traditional textiles. To date, he ___ (win) many national prizes presented to people who promote art.
答案及解析：
**5 年真题：**
1. walks
- 汉语意思：此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园带领游客踏上一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸以及许多植物物种首次通过丝绸之路来到英国。
- 解析：句子描述的是客观事实，主语“the Silk Route Garden”是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2. be done
- 汉语意思：这样一个美丽的地方应该怎么处理？
- 解析：“What”和“do”之间是被动关系，“should”后接动词原形，所以用“be done”。
3. was built
- 汉语意思：两年后，一座受《牡丹亭》启发的六米高的亭子在菲尔斯花园建成，距离莎士比亚的出生地只有十分钟的步行路程。
- 解析：“pavilion”和“build”是被动关系，根据“Two years later”可知是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
4. means
- 汉语意思：这座城市的显著发展，它有意识地在步入现代世界的同时保护过去，这意味着这里总有新的东西有待发现，我可能在接下来的 50 年里都在拍摄北京。
- 解析：主语是“The remarkable development”，是单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
5. be employed
- 汉语意思：卡森证明，一种流传已久的简单抒情形式在今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。
- 解析：“lyric form”和“employ”是被动关系，“can”后接动词原形，所以用“be employed”。
6. was amazed
- 汉语意思：在过去的 10 年里多次访问后，我对新旧共存以及这座城市在不断发展的同时能够保留如此丰富的遗产感到惊讶。
- 解析：“I”和“amaze”是被动关系，表示“我被惊讶到”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
7. has walked
- 汉语意思：在过去的五年里，曹已经走过了六大洲的 34 个国家。
- 解析：“In the last five years”是现在完成时的时间状语，主语“Cao”是第三人称单数，所以用现在完成时。
8. was designed
- 汉语意思：GPNP 旨在反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性、保护生物多样性、保护生态缓冲区，并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
- 解析：“The GPNP”和“design”是被动关系，句子描述的是过去的动作，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
**3 年模拟 - 1：**
1. are
- 汉语意思：如今，世界各地的许多人都渴望通过有关中国文明和当代中国的故事来了解中国。
- 解析：“many”作主语，根据“Nowadays”可知用一般现在时，所以 be 动词用“are”。
2. attracted
- 汉语意思：他和其他工人让人们在 Facebook 上为他们最喜欢的胖熊投票。2014 年，这个为期一天的活动仅吸引了 1700 张选票。
- 解析：根据“in 2014”可知是过去的动作，用一般过去时。
3. opened
- 汉语意思：上海著名连锁书店大隐书局的台州分店去年在这条街上开业，它坐落在一座设计先进的传统中式建筑里。
- 解析：根据“last year”可知是过去的动作，用一般过去时。
4. have relied
- 汉语意思：在过去的几十年里，我们中的许多人都依赖“谷歌医生”来自我诊断疼痛和不适。
- 解析：“For the past few decades”是现在完成时的时间状语，主语“many of us”是复数，所以用现在完成时。
5. has proved/has proven
- 汉语意思：它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河上的种植园那样令人印象深刻，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家自从向公众开放以来，一直对游客有着不可抗拒的吸引力。
- 解析：根据“since it opened to the public”可知用现在完成时，主语“Lincoln's home”是单数，所以助动词用“has”。
6. attracts; has been listed
- 汉语意思：每年，这种独特的烟花表演都会吸引大量的人，尽管天气寒冷。自 2021 年以来，它已被列为中国的非物质文化遗产。
- 解析：前半句根据“Every year”用一般现在时；后半句根据“Since 2021”用现在完成时的被动语态。
7. was equipped
- 汉语意思：这一次，他配备了一项新获得的技术，这使得大多数种植的树木（超过 80%）能够存活下来。
- 解析：根据“This time”和句意可知是过去的动作，且“he”和“equip”是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。
8. has been spread
- 汉语意思：到目前为止，这个概念已经传播到了音乐、舞蹈和电视剧的世界里。
- 解析：根据“so far”用现在完成时的被动语态。
9. be reduced
- 汉语意思：通知说，考试问题应该集中在基础知识和技能上，死记硬背的问题数量应该减少。
- 解析：“should”后接动词原形，“questions”和“reduce”是被动关系。
10. are
- 汉语意思：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。
- 解析：“there be”句型，根据“lots of conventional celebration activities”可知用“are”。
11. am
- 汉语意思：目前，我妻子和我自己都无法说服我的女儿改变主意。
- 解析：“neither...nor...”连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，根据“I myself”用“am”。
12. have been updated
- 汉语意思：在过去的几年里，包括《牡丹亭》在内的四部经典剧目已经被更新和修复。
- 解析：根据“in the past few years”用现在完成时的被动语态。
13. has given
- 汉语意思：在过去的三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员已经进行了十场演出。
- 解析：根据“in the last three months”用现在完成时，“The musician”是单数，所以助动词用“has”。
14. were
- 汉语意思：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区……
- 解析：“areas”是复数，根据“previously”可知是过去的情况，用一般过去时。
15. is
- 汉语意思：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。只有在大约 1300℃下烧制 400 小时后，它才能被制成一个物品。
- 解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“formation”是单数，所以用“is”。
**3 年模拟 - 2：**
16. makes
- 汉语意思：让人们感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。
- 解析：主语“What”是单数，句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时。
17. has grown/has been growing
- 汉语意思：显然，自今年年初以来，生意一直在增长/已经增长。尽管有时很忙，钟还是很高兴能自己赚钱，这也增强了他的自信心。
- 解析：“since the beginning of this year”是现在完成时或现在完成进行时的时间状语。
18. launched
- 汉语意思：10 月，中国向太空发射了一颗名为“夸父一号”的太阳探测卫星，以揭开太阳的神秘面纱，并于 11 月拍摄了第一张太阳图像。
- 解析：根据“In October”可知是过去的动作，用一般过去时。
19. are painted
- 汉语意思：绿色是财富、希望和成长的颜色，通常被认为代表纯洁和干净。如今，许多建筑都被漆成绿色，银行、邮局和一些餐馆通常就是这样。
- 解析：根据“nowadays”用一般现在时，“buildings”和“paint”是被动关系。
20. have been made
- 汉语意思：在过去的几十年里，门头沟区为保护这种标志性的民间舞蹈文化做出了努力。今天，京西太平鼓这一历史悠久的民间艺术正被年轻人传承，并在全球舞台上展现其生动的艺术魅力。
- 解析：根据“In the past decades”用现在完成时的被动语态。
21. dates
- 汉语意思：面塑，也被称为面花，可以追溯到汉代(公元前 202 年—220 年)。
- 解析：描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“Dough sculpture”是单数。
22. was
- 汉语意思：两小时的攀登曾经是村民们通往外界的唯一途径。近年来，当地政府用钢梯取代了他们手工制作的梯子，大大减少了他们的旅行时间。
- 解析：根据下文的“In recent years”可知此处说的是过去的情况，用一般过去时。
23. are
- 汉语意思：除此之外，灯的六个组成部分都可以拆卸，并且易于清洁。
- 解析：陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the six component parts of the lamp”。
24. produces
- 汉语意思：你可以想象我们听到烟台是世界领先的葡萄酒品牌之一时的完全惊讶。事实上，烟台的葡萄酒产量占中国的 40%。这样的数字可不是开玩笑的。
- 解析：描述一般事实，主语“Yantai”是单数，用一般现在时。
25. was established
- 汉语意思：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于 1925 年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑并欣赏艺术珍品。
- 解析：根据“in 1925”用一般过去时的被动语态。
26. has won
- 汉语意思：他希望通过他们的纺织品分享他们的文化遗产，所以他参加了诸如与他们的传统纺织品有关的会议等活动。到目前为止，他已经赢得了许多颁发给艺术推广者的国家级奖项。
- 解析：根据“To date”用现在完成时。