专题六 介词(短语)
综合提升练
1. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar .(人教XB2U2)
2. Four years had disappeared a flash. I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected those four years.(译林XB4U4)
3. We are specially trained clowns who work part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”.(外研XB1U1)
4. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard!(人教XB2U2)
5. I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit lazy, especially maths.(北师大XB1U1)
6. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life leisure.(人教XB1U5)
7. his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing.(译林XB1U2)
8. Where technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.(外研XB1U4)
9. From the ancient simple advertisements painted on outdoor signs the colourful,interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have developed hand in hand.(译林XB2U1)
10. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges themselves and may become depressed.(人教XB2U2)
11. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.(北师大XB1U1)
12. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested , but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect sales.(译林XB2U1)
13. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world people like Bacon and Galilei.(北师大XB2U5改)
14. Later, I had a chance to experience authentic(真正的) Chinese food coming to China.(人教XB2U3)
15. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar each other.(外研XB1U5)
16. Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes studying abroad.(人教XB2U2)
17. The history of the game goes back over two thousand years Ancient China.(外研B2U3)
18. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these turn will provide them with better career opportunities.(人教XB2U2)
19. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them food.(外研B2U6)
20. In addition silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive worldwide trade.
答案
1. with 2. in/like;on 3. as 4. for 5. in 6. of 7. In 8. for 9. to 10. by 11. to 12. in;on 13. to 14. by 15. to 16. with 17. to 18. in 19. for 20. to
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专题六 介词(短语)
高考 英语
新高考、新教材适用
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
about 关于(某人或物) What is she worried about 她在担心什么呢
在……各处 He looked about the hall,but saw nobody.
他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。
above (数目、重要性、水平、年龄)超过,多于 The stone weighs above one ton.这块石头重一吨多。
I rate her above most other players.我认为她优于大多数参赛者。
在(或向)……上面 The whole sky above us is filled with stars.
我们上方的整个天空布满了星星。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
against 紧靠;倚;撞 He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。
The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。
逆;反对(与for意义相反);违反 I don't know whether he is for or against it.
我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。
与……竞争 We'll be competing against some of the best companies.
我们要和一些一流公司竞争。
以防 They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。
衬托;以……为背景 Flowers look better against green leaves.花在绿叶的衬托下更好看。
对……不利 The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。
介词 用法 示例
as 作为,当作 Don't treat me as a child.别把我当小孩看待。
at 在(某处) They arrived late at the airport.他们晚到了机场。
处于……状态 The two countries are at war.两国正在交战。
在(某时间或时刻) A woman came in just at that moment.就在那时一位妇女进来了。
在……岁时 He left school at the age of 16. 他16岁便离开了学校。
(用于速度、比率等)以,达 The train runs at about 120 miles per hour.
火车以每小时大约120英里的速度行驶。
(与动词连用)对,
向,朝(目标、方向) He aimed at the target.他瞄准目标。
Don't laugh at me!不要嘲笑我!
(与形容词连用,表示能力)在……方面 She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
beyond (时间)晚于,迟于 Don't stay out beyond midnight.不要在外面待到午夜以后。
(位置)在(或向)……较远的一边 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在城外20英里处。
非……所能及;超出……之外 This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。
Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
by 在……旁边,靠近
(与beside意义相近) Harry is standing by the window.哈里正站在窗户旁边。
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身边。
(表示方法、手段)
用,靠;通过,借助于 He makes a living by selling newspapers.他以卖报为生。
travel by boat乘船
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
by 依据;按照 It is eight o'clock by my watch.我的表是8点。
与the连用,表示时间或量度单位 They are paid by the day.他们按天计酬。
(表示时间)在……之前,不迟于 Can you return the book by Monday 星期一之前你能还书吗
经过 He walked by me without speaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。
(置于不带the的名词前,
表示原因)由于 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。
He took my book by mistake.他错拿了我的书。
(常置于表示被动的动词后,
表示施事者)被,由 The book was written by an American writer.
这本书是一位美国作家写的。
表示程度、数量 It needs to be longer by two feet.它需要再长两英尺。
表示触及或抓住人或物的某个部位 I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
for 为了 What can I do for you 有什么事我可以为你效劳
对,给(表示用途、对象等) There's a letter for you.有你一封信。
向,往(表示去向) The train is for Beijing.这列火车开往北京。
计,达(表示一段时间、
距离) The weather has been cold for a week.整整一个星期,天气一直很冷。
We walked for miles.我们走了好几英里路。
以……的价钱,为得到 I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars.我花五美元买了一本词典。
支持,拥护(反义词为against) No one is for the proposal.没有人支持这项提议。
因为,由于 He was praised for his good deeds.他因做好事而受到表扬。
在(某餐)时 What did you have for lunch 你午饭吃的什么
就……而言 It is warm for March.就3月份而言,这天气算是暖和的了。
对于(表示陈述或问题的对象) Doing exercise is good for our health.做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
from (表示起点、来源)自,从,来自…… She got a letter from her mother.她收到了她母亲的来信。
(表示开始的时间)从……开始 We're open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.我们从早8点至晚7点营业。
(表示原因)因为,由于 She felt tired from a whole day's work.她工作了一整天,感到累了。
(表示距离)离 How far is your hometown from here 你的家乡离这儿多远
(表示所用的原料)由……(制成) Wine can be made from rice.大米可以酿酒。
(表示防止)使免遭,使免受 These books were saved from damage.这些书没有遭到破坏。
(表示进行判断的原因)
根据,从……来看 Judging from his pronunciation,he is an Englishman.
从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。
(区别二者时用)与……(不同) I can't tell one twin from the other.我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
in 在(某段时间)内 I'm getting forgetful in my old age.我现在上了年纪,变得健忘了。
在(某段时间)之后 It will be ready in a week's time.需要一周就会准备好。
在(某处) He intended to take a holiday in America.他打算在美国度假。
穿着;戴着 All the children were dressed in their best clothes.
所有孩子都穿着他们最好的衣服。
表示状态或状况 I must put my affairs in order.我必须整理好我的事务。
表示使用的语言、材料等 I paid in cash.我用现金支付的。
关于;在……方面 She was not lacking in courage.她并不缺乏勇气。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
of (表示所属关系)……的 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
表示同位关系 The city of Beijing is very beautiful.北京市很美丽。
表示计量、时间或年龄 He is just a boy of ten.他只是个10岁的男孩。
表示出身、原材料 The ring is made of gold.这枚戒指是金子做的。
表示原因 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
后接抽象名词,表示其性质或特征(of+抽象名词相当于形容词) I hope this book will be of value to students.
我希望这本书对学生们有帮助。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
on 在……上(尤指在某物的表面上) on the wall在墙上 on the desk在书桌上
用于说明活动或状态 She is still on holiday.她仍在休假。
关于,涉及 He will give a talk on the economic situation.
他将做一个关于经济形势的报告。
按照 You should act on his advice.你应该按照他的建议行事。
使用……,通过…… They spoke on the telephone.他们通过电话谈了谈。
(身上)带着,有 Have you got any money on you 你带钱了没有
在(某时间) on the morning of May 12 在5月12日的早晨
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
over 悬在……上面(表示地点) The plane flew over the woods.飞机从树林上方飞过。
多于(某时间、数量、花费等) There are over twenty students in the classroom.教室里有20多个学生。
到处,各处 The news spread all over the country.那则消息传遍了全国各地。
利用,通过(无线电、电话等) He learned English over the radio.他通过收音机学英语。
在……期间 We will discuss it over lunch.我们将在吃午饭时商量此事。
(部分或全部覆盖)在……上面 She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。
从一边到另一边(表示动作方向) He can climb over the wall.他能够翻过那堵墙。
than (用以引出比较的第二部分)比 I'm older than her.我比她年龄大。
till/
until 到……时;直到……为止 The street is full of traffic from morning till/until night.
街上从早到晚车水马龙。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
to (表示两人或事物之间的关系)
属于,归于,关于,对于 This is the best answer to the question.这是这个问题的最佳答案。
向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处) That was my first visit to Africa.那是我对非洲的第一次访问。
到,达(某种状态) The letter reduced her to tears.这封信让她落泪了。
(引出接受者)给,予,向 Who did she address the letter to 这封信是她写给谁的
(引出受事者或受体)对于,关于 She is devoted to her family.她深深爱着自己的家庭。
(表示态度或反应)
适合,符合,致使 To my delight, his music is really to my taste.
使我高兴的是,他的音乐很合我的口味。
位于……方向 Shandong Province is to the northeast of Hubei Province.
山东省在湖北省的东北方。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
under 在(或到、通过)……下面 Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。
在……表面下(表示位置,
其反义词为over) The boat lay under several feet of water.
那条船沉在水下好几英尺处。
小于,少于(表示数量、年龄等) Children under 6 are admitted free.未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。
由……控制(或管理、经营) The work was done under the direction of an architect.
这个工程是在建筑师的指挥下完成的。
受……影响;由……造成 I've been feeling under stress lately.我最近一直感到有压力。
在……过程中 The hotel is still under construction.旅馆仍在建设中。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
with 和……在一起,同 She lived with her mother.她和她母亲住在一起。
带有,具有(表示从属关系) China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
因为,由于(表示原因) His fingers were numb with cold.他的手指冻麻了。
用(工具、手段等) Don't write with a pencil.别用铅笔写。
对于,对……来说,
关于(表示对象) The teacher was quite satisfied with the student's answer.
老师对这个学生的回答相当满意。
随着 With the development of agriculture and industry,more and more
waste is produced.随着农业和工业的发展,越来越多的垃圾产生了。
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2.常见易混介词辨析
(1)表示时间
分类 介词 用法 示例
表示
具体
时间 at 后接具体时刻、某个时间段或不含day的节日 at daybreak at dawn at sunrise
at 7:00 at night at Christmas
in 后接上午、下午、晚上或月份、季节、年、世纪等较长时间 in January in autumn in 2024
in the 1970s in the Ming Dynasty in the morning
on 后接具体的某一天(或某 天的上午、下午、晚 上)、具体日期、含day 的节日、星期等特定时间 on October 1st on a rainy day on National Day
on the morning of March 24th on Sunday
分类 介词 用法 示例
表示
时间段 in 意为“在……之后”(常 用于一般将来时)或“在 ……内”(常用于一般过 去时或一般现在时) The moon will set in about one hour or so.
月亮将会在一个小时左右落下。
She stayed in the country in the summer.
她夏天曾经在乡间住过。
for 表示行为或状态持续的 时长 The moon will not set for about one hour or so.
一个小时左右月亮不会落下。
She stayed in the country for the summer.
她整个夏天都是在乡间度过的。
during 强调动作的连续性,表示 在整个过程中,意为“在 ……期间” Not a word did they exchange during the meal.
吃饭时,他们谁也没说一句话。
2.常见易混介词辨析
(1)表示时间
分类 介词 用法 示例
表示
时间
起点 from 意为“从……起”,表示动作从某一时间开始,常与to连用,意为“从…… 到……” From her earliest childhood she loved music.
她从很小的时候起就喜欢音乐了。
The underground is open from 5 am to 11 pm.
地铁的运行时间是早上5点到晚上11点。
since 意为“自……以来”,表示动作从过去某一时刻开始,持续到现在,通常与完成时连用 They have known each other since childhood.
他们自幼年就认识。
表示
时间
先后 before 意为“在……之前” I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
after 意为“在……之后” The nights start after half past five in winter.
冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。
2.常见易混介词辨析
(1)表示时间
(2)表示方位
2.常见易混介词辨析
介词 用法 示例
in Fujian lies in the southeast of China.福建在中国的东南部。
Hubei is/lies on the north of Hunan.湖北位于湖南的北面。
Fujian Province lies to the south of Jiangsu Province.
福建省在江苏省的南面。
on
to
above/below The plane is flying above us.飞机正在我们上方飞。
The sun has sunk below the horizon.太阳落到地平线下。
The light hung over the table.灯悬于桌子的上方。
Write your name under your picture.
在你的照片下面写上名字。
Put it down on the table.把它放在桌子上。
over/
under
on
介词 用法 示例
across The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.长城从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过山谷,蜿蜒而行,最后到达海边。
The crowd walked past the City Hall to the Centre Square.
这群人走过市政厅到达中心广场。
over
past
through
between 在(两者)之间,常与and连用 There was a low brick wall between our garden and the field beyond.我们的花园和外面田地之间有一道矮砖墙。
among 在(三者或三者以上)中 Butterflies fluttered among the flowers.蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞。
2.常见易混介词辨析
(2)表示方位
3.常考的介词短语
(1)介词+名词
类型 示例
at+n. at ease放松,不拘束 at first首先 at peace和平 at present现在 at random随意 at risk有危险,冒风险
by+n. by accident/chance偶然 by design故意 by hand手工 by heart凭记忆,背诵 by mistake错误地
in+n. in advance提前 in brief简言之 in cash用现金 in common共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债
in detail详细地 in doubt不肯定,没把握 in fact事实上 in order正常,妥当 in person 亲自 in public当众 in trouble处于困境 in turn轮流,转而
on+n. on average平均 on business出差 on occasion偶尔 on duty值班 on guard值班,警戒
on purpose故意 on sale出售 on show/display展览 on strike在罢工
out of+n. out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体状况不佳 out of control不受控制 out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障 out of sight看不到 out of work失业
类型 示例
under+n. under attack被攻击 under consideration在考虑 under control处于控制之下
under discussion在讨论 under repair在维修
with+n. with difficulty很难做 with ease轻易,毫不费劲 with pleasure非常愿意 with satisfaction满意地
in+n.+of in fear of害怕 in charge of负责 in honor/memory of纪念 in need/want of需要
in place of代替 in possession of拥有 in search of寻找 in case of如果 in terms of就……而言 in respect of关于 in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
3.常考的介词短语
(1)介词+名词
(2)名词+介词
类型 示例
n.+for an excuse for……的理由 the need for对……的需要 the reason for……的原因
the request for……的要求 the respect for对……的尊重 the talent for……的天赋
n.+from absence from缺席 an escape from从……逃离
n.+in the interest in对……的兴趣 progress in在……方面的进步 success in在……取得成功
n.+of lack of缺乏
n.+on the attack on对……的攻击 congratulations on对……的祝贺 the dependence on对……的依赖
an effect on对……的影响 an impression on对……的印象 an influence on对……的影响
concentration on关注
n.+to the access to接触……的机会 the answer to……的答案 the approach to……的方法
the attitude to对……的态度 the home to……的家园 the key to……的关键
the solution to……的解决办法
3.常考的介词短语
(3)动词+介词
类型 示例
v.+about complain about抱怨 learn about了解 set about着手做
talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
v.+after chase/run after追赶 look after照顾 take after(长相、举止或性格)像
v.+at aim at瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at敲 laugh at嘲笑 shout at 冲……嚷 stare at盯着
v.+for account for(数量上)占 apply for 申请 ask for询问 long for渴望 look for寻找
pay for付钱 seek for 寻找 search for搜寻 stand for代表
v.+from differ from与……不同 hear from收到……的来信 keep/prevent/stop from阻止
learn from向……学习 separate from(使)分离 suffer from遭受
v.+in believe in相信 fill in填写 give in屈服 hand in上交 participate in参加 result in导致
v.+of consist of由……组成 speak of谈到
3.常考的介词短语
类型 示例
v.+on call on 呼吁 carry on继续 depend/rely on依赖
feed on以……为食 insist on坚持 reflect on认真思考
v.+to admit to承认 apologize to道歉 belong to 属于 compare to 与……相比
devote to致力于 lead to导致 refer to指;谈到 stick to坚持 turn to求助于
v.+with agree with同意 argue with与……争吵 communicate with与……交流
compare with与……相比 deal with处理 share with 与……分享
v.+adv.+prep. catch up with追赶上 come up with想出 date/go back to追溯到
get away from远离 get down to着手处理 look down on/upon瞧不起
make up for弥补 put up with忍受 run out of用完,耗尽
v.+n.+prep. catch sight of看见 make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意 take care of照顾 take part in参加
3.常考的介词短语
(3)动词+介词
(4)形容词+介词
类型 示例
adj.+about be curious about对……好奇 be enthusiastic about对……热情
be serious about对……严肃对待 be worried about对……担忧
adj.+at be amazed/astonished/shocked at对……感到吃惊 be bad/good at不擅长/擅长
adj.+from be different from与……不同 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免于
adj.+for be bad for对……有害 be convenient for对……方便 be eager for渴望
be fit for适合 be hungry for渴望 be ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责 be thankful for因……而感激
adj.+in be weak in不擅长 be rich in富含 be dressed in 穿着
be absorbed in专心于 be experienced in对……有经验
3.常考的介词短语
类型 示例
adj.+of be ashamed of羞耻 be aware of意识到 be proud of骄傲 be short of缺乏
be sick of厌烦 be tired of厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of不受……影响
adj.+on be dependent on取决于 be keen on喜欢,热衷于
adj.+to be addicted to对……上瘾 be accustomed to习惯于 be contrary to与……相反
be equal to等于 be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to与……相似
adj.+with be content with 对……满足 be crowded with挤满 be familiar with对……熟悉
be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心
3.常考的介词短语
(4)形容词+介词
1. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and use words I'm not familiar . (人教XB2U2)
2. Four years had disappeared a flash. I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected those four years. (译林XB4U4)
3. We are specially trained clowns who work part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. (外研XB1U1)
4. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties a person who is brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! (人教XB2U2)
with
in/like
on
as
for
5. I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I was a bit
lazy, especially maths. (北师大XB1U1)
6. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would re- tire to a life leisure. (人教XB1U5)
7. his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a musician: he started to lose his hearing. (译林XB1U2)
8. Where technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is sure —with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected. (外研XB1U4)
in
of
In
for
9. From the ancient simple advertisements painted on outdoor signs the
colourful,interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have developed hand in hand. (译林XB2U1)
10. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges themselves and may become depressed. (人教XB2U2)
11. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. (北师大XB1U1)
12. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they are most interested , but it will also help companies target their customers more efficiently to have a positive effect sales. (译林XB2U1)
to
by
to
in
on
13. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world people like Bacon and Galilei. (北师大XB2U5改)
14. Later, I had a chance to experience authentic(真正的) Chinese food coming to China. (人教XB2U3)
15. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar each other.
(外研XB1U5)
16. Another important factor to consider is the tremendous pressure that comes studying abroad. (人教XB2U2)
to
by
to
with
17. The history of the game goes back over two thousand years Ancient China. (外研B2U3)
18. Students who study abroad will develop such skills and abilities, and these turn will provide them with better career opportunities. (人教XB2U2)
19. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them food. (外研B2U6)
20. In addition silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive worldwide trade.
to
in
for
to
