课件23张PPT。专题九 非谓语动词非谓语动词的定义及句法功能
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。eg.
His favorite sport is playing ping-pong.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。(playing 在本句中不是充当谓语，而是充当表语，称为非谓语动词)动词不定式、动名词与分词考点
二、非谓语动词的句法功能
动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。eg.
To see is to believe.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)
The boy likes walking to school.那个男孩喜欢步行去学校。(作宾语)
Don't keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。(作补语)三、非谓语动词的三种形式
动词的非谓语形式可以分为动词不定式、动词-ing形式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种。
1．动词不定式
(1)动词不定式(to do sth)的用法
①作主语。不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置。常用句型：It's＋adj.＋(for/of)sb to do sth.eg.
It's nice of you to take pictures for us. 非常感谢你为我们拍照片。
②作表语。常放于系动词be之后。eg.
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。③作宾语。常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
eg.Have you decided to go on a trip to Hong Kong this summer vacation？你决定今年暑假去香港旅行吗？
④作定语。动词不定式作定语时，要置于被说明修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。eg.
I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我现在没有空。我有很多事要做。
⑤作状语。eg.
He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。(目的状语)
⑥作宾语补足语。常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
eg.Tina told her sister to turn down the TV. 蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。
注意：在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等词后，要把不定式结构中的to省略。eg.
I saw our English teacher enter the office just now. 刚才我看到我们的英语老师走进办公室了。(2)“疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法
动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语或宾语。eg.
When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
注意：“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。eg.
Can you tell me where to get the scarf？＝Can you tell me where I can get the scarf？你能告诉我在哪里能买到这种围巾吗？
2．动名词
(1)动名词(v.-ing)的用法
①作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。eg.
Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。
并列的动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。eg.
Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书与写作花了我不少时间。
注意：在英语中动词是不能作主语的，应用动名词或动词不定式作主语。表示泛指意义的行为时，多用动名词作主语，但表示具体的行为时，必须用动词不定式，此结构通常用it作形式主语，真正的主语——动词不定式通常放后面。eg.
It's easy to read this book. 这本书容易读。
②作表语。 动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。eg.
His favorite sport is playing ping-pong. ＝Playing ping-pong is his favorite sport. 他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
③作定语。动名词(短语)作定语表示用途。eg.
There were many people in the waiting room before dark. 天黑之前候车室里还有好多人。
④作宾语。常接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有： enjoy“喜欢”， finish“完成”， keep“保持”， practice “练习”， mind “介意”， suggest “建议”， can't help “禁不住”， end up “结束”， feel like “想要”， be used to “习惯做”， be busy doing “忙于”， look forward to “盼望”， give up “放弃”， put off “推迟”等。eg.
Have you finished translating the passage? 你翻译完这篇文章了吗？
3．分词
(1)分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“v.＋-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“v.＋-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。(2)分词的句法功能
(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。eg.
a moving film 一场感人的电影
the moved people 被感动的人们
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。eg.
the developing country发展中国家
the developed country发达国家谢谢观看！第二部分 专题九
Ⅰ.单项填空
(B )1.Parents often ask their kids_____their Internet friends because the kids may be in danger.
A．to meet B．not to meet
C．meeting D．to not meet
(B )2.—Remember________ him about it before you go away.
—Sure, I will.
A．tell B．to tell
C．telling D．to telling
【精析】考查remember to do sth和remember doing sth的用法区别。remember to do sth表示“记住做某事”，即不要忘了做某事；remember doing sth表示 “记得曾经做过某事”。由上句句意“记得在你走之前告诉他一声。”可知选B。
(B )3.My brother enjoys________ the piano very much.
A．play B．playing
C．to play D．played
(D )4.—Jack seems like a good student.
—He is always the first________ his work.
A．finishes B．finishing
C．finished D．to finish
(A )5.I often hear her________ this song in the classroom after class.
A．sing B．to sing
C．singing D．sings
【精析】考查hear的用法。hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”；hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事(指全过程或经常发生)”。句意为“我经常听到她下课后在教室里唱歌。”故选A。
Ⅱ.根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
6．I'm very glad __to_hear__ the great changes have taken place in the past 30 years in my hometown. (hear)
7．That's the end of the programme. Thanks for __listening__. (listen)
8．It's very kind of you __to_tell__ me about it. (tell)
9．I don't think it easy for her __to_finish__ the work in two days. (finish)
10．Look! There is a pet dog __lying__ on the ground. Let's go and play with it. (lie)
