【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习专题（3）（上）及解析答案（5份打包）

【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（20）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时20　阅读理解文体技法(3)——议论文
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】　议论文也是一种运用十分广泛的文章体裁。阅读议论文必须把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
议论文的解题策略：
(1)互推法
在议论之后，总会再列举一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
(2)推理法
推理法对推理判断题非常有用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。考生一定要明白，推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。如有原句出现，则是客观事实，不是推理判断的答案。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
【高考经典练】
(2015·江苏卷，D)
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's chall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2，500 years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
In Greece，in Athens( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )雅典)，a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he was self－controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state.
But discovering fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self－reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.
Athens reached ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self－dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.
But，“the excellen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t becomes the permanent，” Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American，James Madison，referred to：“The capacity(能力) of mankind for self－government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action.One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.
1．What does the underlined word “tyrannies”in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Countries where their people need help.
B．Powerful states with higher civilization.
C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.
D．Governments ruled with absolute power.
2．People believing in freedom are those who ________．
A．regard their life as their own business
B．seek gains as their primary object
C．behave within the laws and value systems
D．treat others with kindness and pity
3．What change in attitude took place in Athens
A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.
B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.
C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.
D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.
4．What does the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entence“There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Athens would continue to be free.
B．Athens would cease to have freedom.
C．Freedom would come from responsibility.
D．Freedom would stop Athens from self－dependence.
5．Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison
A．The author is hopeful about freedom.
B．The author is cautious about self－government.
C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.
D．The author is proud of man's capacity.
6．What is the author's understanding of freedom
A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.
B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.
C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.
D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
Two friends have an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，“In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence”．Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit
First of all，stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱)．For example，a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults，which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn't in the sandwich，but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recogni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ze that conflict is unavoidable，they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决)—stay calm.Once the student feels calmer，he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words，name－calling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand，soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have calmed down，they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution: listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side，and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward，the listener can ask non－threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally，studen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts need consider what they are hearing.This doesn't mean trying to figure out what' s wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example，a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start What do I really want What am I afraid of As the issue becomes clearer，the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn't，careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will alw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays be conflict in schools，but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program，according to Educators for Social Responsibility，“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”．Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends，teachers，parents，bosses，and coworkers.In that way，conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
1．This article is mainly about ________．
A．the lives of school children
B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence
D．how to deal with school conflicts
2．From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________．
A．violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B．a small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
D．the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
3．Why do student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5
A．To find out who to blame.
B．To get ready to buy new things.
C．To make clear what the real issue is.
D．To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
4．After the conflict r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esolution program was started in Atlanta，it was found that ________．
A．there was a decrease in classroom violence
B．there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C．more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D．the teacher－student relationship greatly improved
5．The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________．
A．complain about problems in school education
B．teach students different strategies for school life
C．advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D．inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
B
We human beings ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have many great powers and one of them is our imagination.Maybe you are surprised and wonder why I draw such a conclusion.Wait and let me explain to you.
William Jame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s was a philosopher and one of the leading thinkers more than a century ago.He said this about the power of the mind，“Anything you may hold firm in your imagination can be yours.” He believed there was tremendous (巨大的)power in imagination and wrote in length about how humans can bring about significant positive changes in their attitudes，behaviors and relationships by first holding a vivid image of their best selves，or the person they want to become，in their imagination.
In his book ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The Winner's Edge，writer Denis Waitley tells of high school basketball players who learned the power of holding something firm in their imaginations.The students were divided into three groups.Group One was told not to practice shooting free throws for one month.Group Two was told to practice shooting free throws in the gym every afternoon for a month.Group Three was told to imagine shooting free throws every afternoon for one hour for a month.Frankly，I can hardly imagine a group of athletes，after sitting in class all day，dressing out，going to the gym，sitting in the bleachers and just thinking about shooting free throws for an hour every day.But look at these results.Group One，the no－practice group，slipped slightly in their percentage free－throw average.Group Two，the students that practiced，increased their accuracy by about two percentage points.Group Three，the ones who imagined shooting，also increased about two percentage points—the same as the group that practiced.
Neuroscience(神经学)is ju ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st now discovering that there are biological reasons for this phenomenon William James talked about so long ago.But here is the point.Do you want to become more excellent at some endeavor Do you want to improve your outlook Is there a skill you'd like to perfect Do you want better relationships Or would you like to replace your fear of something，such as speaking in public or heading up a project，with more confidence and courage If so，then some mental practice，holding a vivid image of what you have in your mind，is as important as physical practice.The time you spend “seeing” in your mind what you are trying to accomplish actually helps to bring it to pass.
I don't mean w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have to sit down and imagine something for an hour every day.It's as simple as holding a vivid mental picture of what you truly desire and returning to it as often as possible.
So there are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) many things that you can have in your imagination.Imagine your success.Never hesitate to visualize doing that thing you fear at first.Get it in your mind and then imagine your success in that area over and over again，like free throws going into the basket.What does it look like to be confident How does it look to be actually doing the thing you're afraid to do How does it feel Can you imagine it in detail In a short time，you will discover that things really are changing for you.And after that，well，just imagine what else you can do if you really want to achieve some unexpected results.
6．According to Paragraph 2，William James believed that ________．
A．human beings could survive with their imagination
B．anything would happen just like what people have in mind
C．human beings can solve any problem with powerful imagination
D．imagination has an effect on people's attitudes and behaviors
7．What was Gro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up Three told to do in the research in Denis Waitley's book
A．Practice shooting free throws for one month.
B．Practice shooting free throws every afternoon for a month.
C．Imagine shooting free throws every afternoon for a month.
D．Imagine shooting free throws for an hour every afternoon for month.
8．The questions in Paragraph 4 are intended to ________．
A．cheer up the rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ders to discover the real reasons for imagination's power
B．prove there are biological reasons for imagination's power
C．show physical practice is as important as mental practice
D．tell people how they can build up their confidence
9．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 suggests that ________．
A．people can spend time imagining something anytime anywhere
B．people cannot do simple things if they don't imagine them first
C．people should not worry about the trouble caused by imagination
D．people should sit down and imagine something as often as possible
10．The author writes the last paragraph in a(n) ________ tone.
A．praising B．critical
C．instructive D．humorous
11．What is the best title of this passage
A．The Power of Imagination
B．Famous Words about Imagination
C．The Detail of Imagination
D．The Method of Imagination
C
According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a recent article in The Wall Street Journal，we might all be braggarts(自吹自擂者) in this competitive society addicted to social networking.
Take a close look at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your social－networking sites.Do you like to post photos of yourself in restaurants to show others what an exciting life you have Or do you like to write about how happily in love you are Or perhaps you are of the subtle type who constantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position.
According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the results of a series of experiments conducted by Harvard University neuroscientists (神经系统科学家)，the reward areas of our brain—the same areas that respond to “primary rewards” such as food—are activated when we talk about ourselves.We devote between 30 to 40 percent of our conversation time to doing just that.Unfortunately，Bernstein says，some people can't tell the difference between sharing positive information that others might actually want to know and direct bragging.She suggests that bragging involves comparison，whether stated or implied.
“We are expected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be perfect all the time.The result is that more and more people are carefully managing their online images，” says Elizabeth Bernstein，a columnist with The Wall Street Journal.
But the issue ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is not limited to the Internet.In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.In fact，we have become so accustomed to bragging that we don't even realize we are doing it，says Bernstein.This is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.
Bernstein talk ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to some experts who said that people brag for all sorts of reasons: to appear worthy of attention; to prove to ourselves we are doing fine and that people who said we would fail are wrong; or simply because we're excited when good things happen to us.
“Feel sorry fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r them，because they're doing this unconscious，destructive thing that won't help them in the long run，” said Professor Simian Valier，a research psychologist at Washington University.
12．The underlin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed word “subtle” in Para.2 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．hidden B．apparent
C．outstanding D．simple
13．Which of the following is one of the features of braggarts
A．They control conversation and only talk about themselves.
B．They know well how to share positive information.
C．They self－promote to stand out in their career.
D．They don't pay much attention to their online image.
14．What can we infer from the passage
A．Braggarts make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a good first impression but the effect decreases over time.
B．People who like bragging know what they are doing.
C．Braggarts always a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dopt comparison directly to show they are excellent.
D．They care much about the feelings of others when talking.
15．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Are you a braggart
B．Society addicted to networking
C．Why do we keep on bragging
D．How to deal with a braggart
参考答案
课时20　阅读理解文体技法(3)——议论文
高考经典练
【语篇解读】　全文出现最多的词是free ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dom，讲述了自由的起源、演变和它在古代文化下的形态和缺陷，以及自由给数字化世界所带来的挑战。随即，作者对雅典的民主制度下个人的自由进行了阐述，同时也指出当时所面临的问题：人们只想要自由，而不愿承担责任。文中，作者引用了两位伟人的例子，作了进一步的阐述。作者讲到在数字化的世界下，自由不会消亡，一定是和责任联系在一起。
1．D　[词义猜测题。由第二段one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses可推出。]
2．C　[细节理解题。由第三段could c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ontrol themselves and would take responsibility for the state可知。]
3．A　[细节理解题。由第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed可知。]
4．B　[句意推断题。由第五段they would cease to be free可知。]
5．A　[推理判断题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第六段but once a man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost可推出。]
6．D　[推理判断题。由第五段Respon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sibility is the price every man must pay for freedom可知。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　学生在学校和同学发生冲突在所难免，那么究竟该如何应对呢？本文进行了分析并给大家提供了一些有效的应对策略。
1．D　[主旨大意题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit？和整体理解，可知答案D符合文意。]
2．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段的整体理解，一个小小的三明治都可以导致学生间冲突，由此可以推知答案B符合文意。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第五段的第二句It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.，可以推断出答案C符合文意。]
4．A　[细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据最后一段的第二句64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom可知答案A符合文意。]
5．C　[目的意图题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第一段的最后一句Given that this is the case，why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit？可知答案C符合文意，其他各项均不符合文意，故排除。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为想象能给人们带来无穷的力量。
6．D　[细节理解题。从第二段中的“...w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rote in length about how humans can bring about significant positive changes in their attitudes，behaviors and relationships”可知，William James认为想象能给人们的态度、行为及人际关系带来影响，所以答案选D项。]
7．D　[细节理解题。从第三段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Group Three was told to imagine shooting free throws every afternoon for one hour for a month”可知，第三组被要求在一个月中每天下午花一个小时的时间想象练习罚球，所以答案选D项。]
8．B　[推理判断题。第四段的第一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是该段的主旨句，即William James所说的想象有巨大的影响力有着生物学方面的原因这点已得到神经学方面的证实。接下来作者提出了一系列人们内心可能存在的想法，并分析说，一旦你花费时间在脑海中呈现你想要完成的目标，就有可能实现。故这些问题是为了印证本段主旨，答案选B项。]
9．A　[句意理解题。画线 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句的前一句“I don't mean we have to sit down and imagine something for an hour every day”表明，作者认为没有必要专门坐下来，每天花费时间去想象；接下来，作者点明了自己的观点：只要尽可能多地去想象自己要做的事情就可以了，即想象可以随时随地进行。所以答案选A项。]
10．C　[推理判断题。从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一段的“Get it in your mind and then imagine...Can you imagine it in detail”可知，作者在指导人们如何进行想象，语气带有指导性，所以答案选C项。]
11．A　[主旨大意题。本文先引用William James的话，然后引用别人书中的一项研究来证明想象的力量，所以答案选A项。]
【语篇解读】　这是一篇议论文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生活中，我们常用夸张的语言打造自己的形象。自吹自擂其实是一种自我营销的手段，但是这种方式并不能使自己持久发展。文章指出说大话的成因、特征及潜在的不利后果。
12．A　[考查词义猜测。根据画线词后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“who constantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position”可知，也许你不断抱怨自己的工作，但其实只是为了给人留下身居要职的深刻印象罢了。subtle“微妙的，不明显的”，与选项中的hidden意思最相近。]
13．C　[考查细节理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据第五段中的“In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.”可知，在竞争激烈的职场中，我们必须在多个平台推销自己并证明我们比别人更优秀，故C项正确。]
14．A　[考查推理判断。根据最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Professor Simian Valier所说的话可知，从长远的角度看，这种做法不会帮助他们。即这只是暂时帮助他们，随着时间推移，这种通过自吹自擂获得的好印象会消退。故选A。]
15．A　[考查标题判断。本文作者首先指出 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生活中我们可能都是社交网络大话王，并举出实例，指出吹牛这个问题不仅存在于互联网，也存在于职场，并分析其原因，加以评论。因此本文标题应该为：Are you a braggart？]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（18）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时18　阅读理解文体技法(1)——记叙文
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】　高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就会大大提高。要解答好记叙文的阅读理解，就应该有一套针对性的方法和技巧。
(1)顺藤摸瓜。
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )包括记叙文的5W(what，who，when，where，why)要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
(2)左顾右盼。
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
【高考经典练】
(2015·浙江卷，D)In 2004， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when my daughter Becky was ten，she and my husband，Joe，were united in their desire for a dog.As for me，I shared none of their canine lust.
But why，they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pleaded.“Because I don't have time to take care of a dog.” But we'll do it.“Really？You're going to walk the dog？Feed the dog？Bathe the dog？”Yes，yes，and yes.“I don't believe you.”We will.We promise.
They didn't.Fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day)，neither thought to walk the dog.While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots，to schedule her vet appointments，to feed and clean her，Misty knew this on day one.As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small，medium，and large)，she calculated，“The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”
Quickly，she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合)．She'd look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers，beam her need，and then wait，trusting I would understand—which，strangely，I almost always did.In no time，she became my fifth appendage (附肢)，snoring on my home－office couch as I worked，cradling against my feet as I read，and splaying across my stomach as I watched television.
Even so，part of me con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tinued to resent walking duty.Joe and Becky had promised.Not fair，I'd balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked.“Not fair，” I'd loudly remind anyone within earshot upon our return home.
Then one day—Jan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uary 1，2007，to be exact—my husband's doctor uttered an unthinkable word：leukemia (白血病)．With that，I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital，doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort.During those six months of hospitalizations，Becky，12 at the time，adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school.My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moment's notice for medical emergencies.Every part of my life changed；no part of my old routine remained.
Save one：Misty stil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l needed walking.At the beginning，when friends offered to take her through her paces，I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with.
As the months we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty.The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet，peaceful time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the day's medical drama unfolded.The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.
When serious illn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess visits your household，it's not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar.Pretty much everyone you know acts differently.
Not Misty.Take her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for a walk，and she had no interest in Joe's blood counts or bone marrow test results.On the street or in the park，she had only one thing on her mind：squirrels！She was so joyous that even on the worst days，she could make me smile.On a daily basis，she reminded me that life goes on.
After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.
I'm grateful—to a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )point.The truth is，after years of balking，I've come to enjoy my walks with Misty.As I watch her chase after a squirrel，throwing her whole being into the here and now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory，she reminds me，too，that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future，there's almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.
1．Why didn't th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning of the story
A．She was afraid the dog would get the family into trouble.
B．It would be her business to take care of the dog.
C．Her husband and daughter were united as one.
D．She didn't want to spoil her daughter.
2．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)
A．“The middle－aged person loves me most.”
B．“The medium－sized woman is the hostess.”
C．“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”
D．“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”
3．It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________．
A．Misty was quite clever
B．Misty could solve math problems
C．the writer was a slow learner
D．no one walked Misty the first day
4．The story came to its turning point when ________，.
A．Joe died in 2009
B．Joe fell ill in 2007
C．the writer began to walk the dog
D．the dog tried to please the writer
5．Why did the writer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )continue to walk Misty while Joe was in hospital
A．Misty couldn't live without her.
B．Her friends didn't offer any help.
C．The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.
D．She didn't want Misty to be others' companion.
6．What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage
A．One should learn to enjoy hard times.
B．A disaster can change everything in life.
C．Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead.
D．People will change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·浙东北三校模拟)Since ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the moment Darnell Wynn was diagnosed with ovarian (卵巢的) cancer，she has refused to let the disease keep her from her passion－running.This weekend she and a group of supporters gathered together and ran the Partner Re 5K route to raise awareness of ovarian cancer.She is a two－year survivor.
When she first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) received the surgery，one of her main concerns was when she could be able to run again.She was sent home to heal before returning for chemotherapy.“I came home，and never thought about cancer，” she said.“I thought I'd just had surgery and needed to heal.It wasn't until I went back and entered the chemotherapy room with my son that I really understood it was cancer.Then I really broke down.”
During and a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fter treatment she ran whenever she could.She even participated in races—although she sometimes had to run slower than she once did.Eleven months after she was diagnosed with cancer she was feeling well.She had just started a new job before she was diagnosed again.
When she fir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st developed ovarian cancer，her symptoms had been back pain and lack of energy.This time，the only signs were high levels of ovarian cancer markers in her blood.“I went back to my doctor in tears，but apparently it is pretty common，” she said.Fifty per cent of women with early stage ovarian cancer will have a recurrence(复发) of it，and the rate goes up for women in the later stages.
The Bermuda Cancer an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d Health Centre is recognizing September as Ovarian Cancer Awareness Month.Wynn hopes it will help more women learn the symptoms and risk factors.
“The symptoms are oft ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en masked and a lot of women don't know that if they have a close family member who had breast cancer，they are at the risk of ovarian cancer，” she said.“I had two sisters who had breast cancer.Every year I went for Pap smears.A Pap smear only shows up cervical cancer，it doesn't show ovarian cancer.We think we are doing all the right tests.Women should know if they have a history of breast cancer，they should have a regular internal ultrasound as well，in addition to a Pap smear.”
1．What is the purpose of the passage above
A．Ovarian cancer is always being ignored.
B．Women should raise their awareness of ovarian cancer.
C．Women should be tested in September.
D．Ovarian cancer is threatening your life.
2．How does the author describe Darnell Wynn in the passage
A．Cowardly. B．Indifferent.
C．Positive. D．Intelligent.
3．Realizing she would undergo chemotherapy ________．
A．Darnell Wynn thought she will heal soon
B．Darnell Wynn knew the seriousness of her illness
C．Darnell Wynn believed she would have no future
D．Darnell Wynn began to doubt the surgery she received
4．What did Darnell Wynn think of her recurrence of ovarian cancer
A．She felt well and was recovering smoothly.
B．She thought more symptoms have stricken her.
C．She felt worried about her health.
D．She guessed the doctor was making jokes.
B
While waiting fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the Boston Marathon to start，my boyfriend and I wondered why we would like to run these races.Running Boston is the highlight of many a runner's career.Merely qualifying is an accomplishment.For example，I had to run the 26 miles and 385 yards faster than 3：35 to get in.Then there's the fact that it's the oldest annual marathon in the world，and one of the six World Marathon Majors.I wasn't sure if I'd ever get the privilege to run it，but I made the cut last year in Los Angeles，by 39 seconds.
After Eric，my boyfrie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd，went off in the first wave of age group racers at 10 a．m.，I followed in the second wave，20 minutes behind.Once it warmed up a bit，it was a glorious day—perfect for running—and my appreciation of the Boston Marathon began to grow.I made good time during the first half of the race，but by mile 18 the pain had set in to my hips and knees.To post a good finish，I would have to try my best for the final 8.2 miles，using willpower and the cheers of the incredible crowds as my fuel.Throughout the race，I kept amazed at the spectators' goodwill.Then I remembered that I'd been in their shoes before．Both roles are incredibly rewarding—to give and receive support，to and from strangers.
The finish line was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a blur (模糊不清) as I ran across it just after 2 p．m.，with a time of 3：43：36.Excited but exhausted，we runners stumbled down Boylston Street to pick up water，food，blankets and medals.As we approached the yellow school buses that held our belongings，we heard the BOOM! We were concerned，but we didn't know what caused the two loud bombings a few blocks away.Maybe it was celebratory fireworks Then we saw the smoke and knew something was wrong.
I made my way out o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the area and ran into Eric—lucky because he was supposed to have waited for me in an area that was now inaccessible.Emergency vehicles raced by.
We held onto each oth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er tight and found our friends who had come to cheer us on.With little information about what was happening or what to do，we found our way to a T station to head back to Cambridge.Neither Eric nor I had our phones，but our friends did.They posted a photo of us to let everyone know we were okay.
By the time we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )got back to the apartment where we were staying，Facebook was filled with messages of concern from our friends.We quickly posted updates and received an outpouring of support.
Eric and I both ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work for Facebook.I'm sure we didn't fully realize its power until today.I was surrounded not just by real friends next to me，but also by hundreds more through Facebook.These Facebook friends posted comments to our profiles，“liked” our status updates and sent me messages because they saw my name among a list of participants from Menlo Park and wanted to check on me.
I returned to my quest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion: Why run the Boston Marathon Of course I love the feeling of accomplishment，but now it seems wrong to celebrate in the face of what happened.What seems right，though，is to celebrate the support and love that I felt and I saw，especially after the race was ruined by the violence.This is another reason why I run these races.After Monday，I'm more convinced than ever that we should continue，and with even greater enthusiasm.
So，see you at the next start line.
5．According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e author，the Boston Marathon is an event that ________．
A．qualifies an athlete to be a professional marathon runner
B．most runners consider it a great success to participate in
C．admits all runners who show great enthusiasm for marathon
D．takes place every few years in the city of Boston
6．By saying “I'd been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in their shoes before ”，the author implied that ________．
A．she had been one incredible cheering spectator before
B．she was once an excellent marathon runner
C．she had received much support from strangers
D．she had played a rewarding role in the Boston Marathon
7．The author and her b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oyfriend posted updates in Facebook as soon as they were back home in order to ________．
A．satisfy the curiosity of their friends who were not on the spot
B．celebrate their narrow escape from the horrible bombing
C．inform their friends that they are fortunate enough to survive
D．set down their experience as witnesses to a terrorist attack
8．Which of the following statements is NOT true
A．The spectators' ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eers gave the author power to finish the second half of the race.
B．The author forgot to take away her phone from a yellow school bus.
C．Even those who were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on the marathon spot knew little about the bombing.
D．It was partly becau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se of friends' support that the author decided to continue running.
9．Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following best describes the author's feelings that day
A．Exhausted and concerned.
B．Horrified but moved.
C．Cold and indifferent.
D．Calm but sympathetic.
C
(2015·温州第一次适应性测试)I spe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt my childhood walking a fine line between being an energetic young boy and avoiding contact sports to protect my eyesight.I had lost the sight in one eye at the age of five，so instead of football，I put my energy into rowing and sailing.By the time I was 22，I was working towards rowing for my country.
Then，during a trai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning session，I noticed my vision was unclear in my remaining eye.I had an operation and spent two weeks with bandages over my eyes.Sadly，it didn't work，and the second operation two months later was also a failure.My world came crashing down.I had been flying high—as well as my shining rowing career，I had been about to take my finals and get a job in the city.Now，as my fellow graduates celebrated their results，I lay in my childhood bedroom，angry.I would wake up in the morning and convince myself I could see a shadow，but I felt bitterly angry when I realized I couldn't.
Previously，I had lots ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of assumptions about blind people，but now I joined their ranks.I had no choice but to change my attitude.I started to realize that my challenge was not about seeing but about creating a new life for myself.The simple pleasure of just sitting in a café and watching the world go by or even making eye contact with anyone is no longer possible.I had to rethink how to engage with the world.As much as I disliked the things of blindness—white sticks，talking computers and guide dogs—I welcomed these as the tools that would enable me to regain my independence.I moved out of my mum's house and got a job in entertainment.I also started seeking out projects that would help me get out and mix with people.A big part of my identity has always been about the thrill of competing—success and failure.I am excited when I am giving it my all，so I started to compete again，first in rowing and then in extreme physical challenges such as completing six marathons in seven days in Gobi desert.Filling my life with experiences helped to sweep the blindness to one side.
It took me 10 years re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally to deal with losing my sight.When I walked to the South Pole in 2009，the first blind person ever to go there，standing shoulder to shoulder with sighted people，I felt “normal” again.
But two years ago，my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sense of “being normal” was challenged again.I was staying at a friend's house when I fell out of a second－floor window onto the ground below.I have no idea how it happened—I was just going to bed but ended up waking up in hospital.I hurt my brain，and my back in three places.I discovered that I couldn't feel my legs.Doctors said that there was a 12－week period for sensation to return，and when this came and went with no change in my legs，I began to despair.
I was due to get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) married，but on the day of our wedding my fiancée (未婚妻) was sitting by my bedside as I prepared for another operation to put metalwork in my back.
I'm still in a w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heelchair，but I refuse to accept that my story ends here.I have got involved with a training program，which aims to redirect the nerve pathways in my legs through training.I'm now teaching myself to use sit－skis and a hand－powered bike.I'm sure how I'd manage emotionally without a sporting goal to drive myself forward.It has saved my life in a way.I may never win a gold medal，but that doesn't stop me trying.
10．Though the wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter was a sports lover，he might be rarely involved in ________．
A．running B．skiing C．biking D．boxing
11．After the second operation，the writer ________．
A．was full of confidence
B．found a job in the city
C．lost his sight completely
D．lay in bed sleeplessly
12．As a blind person，the writer was the first to ________．
A．win a gold medal
B．finish six marathons in seven days
C．get to the South Pole
D．compete in extreme physical challenges
13．Having fallen out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of a second－floor window，the writer felt hopeless because ________．
A．his fiancée broke away from him
B．he didn't know how it took place
C．he had to put metalwork in his back
D．he might be unable to walk forever
14．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true
A．The writer totally lost his sight at the age of 22.
B．The writer had two operations in all.
C．The writer was a national rowing athlete.
D．The writer is receiving treatment for his legs.
15．We can learn from the passage that ________．
A．the writer is a person who never gives up
B．the blindness has made the writer lose heart
C．winning a gold medal is impossible for the writer
D．the writer has never received any training in sports
参考答案
课时18　阅读理解文体技法(1)——记叙文
高考经典练
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文，作者通过养狗的经历告诉我们：当生活中出现不幸时，快乐的时刻表明未来仍然存着希望，所以永远不要对生活失去信心。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )don't have time to take care of a dog可知，作者不同意养狗的原因是她没有时间照看狗。故答案为B。]
2．D　[句义猜测题。根据前面的内容可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，在狗Misty眼里，small指的女儿，medium指的作者，large指的是丈夫，再结合从第二天起照看狗就成了作者的工作可知，这句话的意思是“女人在家庭中是友好而又值得信任的”。需要注意的是这句话是狗的心理活动。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据第三段可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，狗Misty从第一天就看明白了，女主人最可靠，由此可判断出这只狗是非常聪明的。其他三个选项找不到推断的依据。]
4．B　[细节理解题。根据第六段，特别是最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句话可知，这个故事发生重大转折是2007年乔生病了，一切都变了，作者不得不花大量的时间照看丈夫。]
5．C　[细节判断题。根据第八段第二、三句话可知，遛狗可以给作者心理上带来安慰，帮助她消除内心的烦恼。]
6．C　[目的意图题。最后一段最后一句话是作者在这篇文章中所要传达的信息：快乐的时刻表明未来仍然存着希望。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Darne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll Wynn被确诊患有卵巢癌，但是她依然能乐观地对待疾病，她用跑步的方式唤起人们对卵巢癌的认识。
1．B　[主旨大意题。作者通过患卵巢癌的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Darnell Wynn的例子引出关于卵巢癌的话题，通过文章的内容可知，这篇文章的目的是提高人们对卵巢癌的认识。故选B。]
2．C　[推理判断题。依据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段可知，她第一次手术之后最关心的问题是自己什么时候能够跑步，再结合文中的“never thought about cancer”可知，这位患者是一个很乐观的人。故选C。]
3．B　[细节理解题。依据文章第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段末尾的内容可知，直到Darnell Wynn在儿子的陪伴下接受化疗时，她才意识到自己得了癌症，然后崩溃了。故选B。]
4．C　[细节理解题。依据文章第四段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“I went back to my doctor in tears”可知，她知道自己癌症复发的时候，很担心自己的身体状况。故选C。]
【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文。波士顿马拉松恐怖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )爆炸事件震惊世界。作者以一名马拉松参赛者的身份真实记录了恐怖事件给人们带来的恐慌。同时，来自亲朋及网友的关怀也让她坚定了继续奔跑在马拉松赛道上的决心。
5．B　[考查细节理解。根据第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三句“Merely qualifying is an accomplishment.”可知，仅仅获得该赛事的参赛资格就足以成为运动员的巨大成就。故B项正确。]
6．A　[考查细节理解。由第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段画线句的前一句可知，作者在比赛全程都惊讶于观众的热情，并且想起以前自己也曾和他们一样是热情观众。故A项符合题意。]
7．C　[考查细节理解。结合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三段和第五段内容可知，由于作者及其男友的手机放在一辆黄色校车上，无法拿走，他们的朋友便帮助他们上传照片以向亲朋好友报平安。回到家后，两人立即更新社交网络，目的在于告知朋友们他们幸免于难。故C项正确。]
8．B　[考查细节理解。根据第三段第三句“A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s we approached the yellow school buses that held our belongings”可知，参赛运动员携带的物品放在一辆黄色校车上，当作者去车上拿物品时听到爆炸声，所以来不及取回车上的手机，并非忘记去拿。故答案为B项。]
9．B　[考查推理判断。由全文内容推断，作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者亲历了波士顿马拉松比赛现场的恐怖爆炸案，受到一定的惊吓，然而亲朋及网友的关怀又让她感动。故B项正确。]
【语篇解读】　作者以第一人称叙 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )述了自己的经历。通读这篇文章，我们感受到了作者是一个身残志坚的人。他永不言弃，经过种种努力、奋斗和挑战，使自己过上像正常人一样的生活，并取得了一定的成就。
10．D　[考查细节理解。从第三段中的“so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I started to compete again，first in rowing and then in extreme physical challenges such as completing six marathons in seven days in Gobi desert”可知，他参加过马拉松赛，故A项“跑步”包含在内；再根据最后一段中的“I'm now teaching myself to use sit－skis and a hand－powered bike.”可见B项和C项的运动都有谈到。只有D项“拳击”没有涉及，故答案是D项。]
11．C　[考查细节理解。在文章的第二段中讲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到他的第二次手术失败“the second operation two months later was also a failure”，再根据第三段第一句话可知，第二次手术后，作者完全失明了。故答案为C项。]
12．C　[考查细节理解。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据第四段中“When I walked to the South Pole in 2009，the first blind person ever to go there”可知，作者是第一个到达南极的盲人。所以答案为C项。]
13．D　[考查细节理解。从文章第五段的末尾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“when this came and went with no change in my legs，I began to despair”可以知道，作者从二楼窗户掉下来后，感到绝望的原因是腿没有恢复知觉，可能会导致永远失去走路的能力。所以选D项。]
14．B　[考查细节理解。根据文章内容可知，作者做过两次眼部手术和两次腿部手术，所以总共做了四次手术。B项错误。]
15．A　[考查推理判断。阅读全文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，作者在5岁的时候，一只眼睛失明了，但他不放弃。在他第二只眼睛失明后，他仍然开始新生活，经历了10年的磨练，克服了失明的障碍。到后来腿摔残了，他却仍不向命运低头。所以，本文表达了作者不屈不挠，永不言弃的品质。故答案是A。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（16）及解析答案
第三部分　阅读理解技法与文体演练
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时16　阅读理解技法(1)
Ⅰ.阅读理解技法演练
一、拨云见日　事实细节题
【精要提示】　考生要从文段中获得回答细节 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题的具体信息，可不必详尽阅读整篇文章，只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速划定关键词语，然后加以重点理解即可，也就是所谓的“寻读法”。考生在运用此法时，应根据文段的结构和写作顺序，有针对性地寻读，迅速锁定相关内容。
【微情景练】
快速寻读抓关键信息
Reading 1
(2015·广东卷，A)Peter lov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to shop used articles.Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，the salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”
Peter examined the bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )x，and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factory－sealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.
26．Which of the following best describes Peter's word game
A．It was made around 40 years ago.
B．It had game boards in different sizes.
C．It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.
D．It had little pieces of wood in different colors.
27．What did the salesgirl probably think of Peter's word game
A．Old and handy.
B．Rare and valuable.
C．Classic and attractive.
D．Colorful and interesting
Reading 2
(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，A)Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.
During the first we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ek of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.
...
What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney
A．Go shopping. B．Find a house.
C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation.
二、高瞻远瞩　主旨大意题
【精要提示】　做主旨大意题时可以通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过：(1)寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。(2)抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。(3)抓主线和关键词，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。
【微情景练】
通过寻找主题句、抓段落大意和抓主线，寻找答案
Reading 1
(2014·福建卷，A)It wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my five－year－old son，Tenyson.As we were leaving，we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her，but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.
...
The man then bent down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and gave his wife the flower，telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
What would be the best title for the passage
A．Flower Power
B．Mother's Day
C．An Accidental Injury
D．An Embarrassing Moment
Reading 2
(2015·天津卷，D)O ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk，I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment，and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I've ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.
...
What is the author's purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage people to be courageous.
B．To advise people to build up physical power.
C．To tell people the ways to guarantee success.
D．To recommend people to develop more abilities.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·浙江卷，B) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information，especially numbers，percentages，and other data.A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret.That can be a lot more efficient than pages and pages explaining the data.
Graphs can seem fri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghtening，but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story.The graph has a title，a main idea，and supporting details.You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text.
Most graphs have a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )few basic parts：a caption or introduction paragraph，a title，a legend or key，and labeled axes.An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data.Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example，a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005)．Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well.The title is very important.It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown.A legend，also called a key，is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph.Many graphs，including bar graphs and line graphs，have two axes that form a corner.Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph.Each axis will always have a label.The label tells you what each axis measures.
Bar Graphs
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A bar graph has t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo axes and uses bars to show amounts.In Graph 1，we see that the x－axis shows grades that students earned，and the y－axis shows how many students earned each grade.You can see that 6 students earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the vertical measurement.There is a lot of information we can get from a simple graph like this (See Graph 1)．
Line Graphs
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A line graph looks s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imilar to a bar graph，but instead of bars，it plots points and connects them with a line.It has the same parts as a bar graph—two labeled axes—and can be read the same way.To read a line graph，it's important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line segments between the points.This type of graph is most commonly used to show how something changes over time.Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2)．
The unit of measur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ement for the x－axis is days.The unit of measurement for the y－axis is kilometers.Thus we can see that，on the first day，the pipit flew 20 kilometers.The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2，which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled down，as between Day 4 and Day 5，it would mean that the bird flew fewer kilometers than the day before.This line graph is a quick，visual way to tell the reader about the bird's migration.
Pie Graphs
A typical pie graph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) looks like a circular pie.The circle is divided into sections，and each section represents a fraction of the data.The graph is commonly used to show percentages；the whole pie represents 100 percent，so each piece is a fraction of the whole.
A pie graph mig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice.This pie graph shows one month's expenses (See Graph 3)．
Food $25
Movies $12
Clothing $36
Savings $20
Books $7
1．When used in a graph，a legend is ________．
A．a guide to the symbols and colors
B．an introduction paragraph
C．the main idea
D．the data
2．What is the total number of students who earned a C or better
A．4. B．6. C．10. D．20.
3．The bird covered the longest distance on ________．
A．Day 1 B．Day 2 C．Day 3 D．Day 4
4．Which of the following cost Amy most
A．Food. B．Books. C．Movies. D．Clothing.
B
(2015·浙江四校联考)Stephe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Hawking，who spends his career decoding (破译) the universe and even experienced weightlessness，is urging the continuation of space exploration—for humanity's sake.
The 71－year－old Hawki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng said he did not think humans would survive another 1，000 years “without escaping beyond our fragile planet”．
The British co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )smologist (宇宙学家) made the remarks on Tuesday before an audience of doctors，nurses and employees at Cedars－Sinai Medical Center，where he toured a stem cell laboratory that's focused on trying to slow the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.
Hawking was diagnos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with the neurological disorder (神经障碍) 50 years ago while he was a student at Cambridge University.He recalled how he became depressed and at the beginning didn't see a point in finishing his doctorate.But he continued to dig into his studies.“If you understand how the universe operates，you control it in a way，” he said.
Well－known for his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work on black holes and the origins of the cosmos，Hawking is famous for bringing esoteric(只有内行才懂的) physics concepts to the masses through his best－selling books，including A Brief History of Time，which sold more than 10 million copies worldwide.Hawking titled his hourlong lecture to Cedars－Sinai employees A Brief History of Mine.
Hawking has survived ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) longer than most people with Lou Gehrig's disease，also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)．ALS attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control the muscles.People gradually have more and more trouble breathing and moving as muscles weaken and waste away.There's no cure and no way to reverse the disease's progression.Few people with ALS live longer than a decade.
Hawking receives aroun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d－the－clock care，can only communicate by twitching(抽动) his cheek，and relies on a computer fixed to his wheelchair to convey his thoughts in a distinctive robotic monotone.
Despite his diagno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sis，Hawking has remained active.In 2007，he floated like an astronaut on an aircraft that creates weightlessness by making parabolic(抛物线的) dives.“However difficult life may seem，there is always something you can do and succeed in，” he said.
Dr.Robert Baloh，dir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ector of Cedars－Sinai's ALS program who invited Hawking，said he had no explanation for the physicist's long life.Baloh said he had treated patients who lived for 10 years or more.“But 50__years__is__unusual，to__say__the__least，” he said.
In 2009，President Ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rack Obama awarded Hawking the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his work.
5．What's the main idea of the passage
A．Hawking's disease. B．Hawking's achievements.
C．Hawking's life. D．Hawking's research.
6．Which of the fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llowing shows the right order of what happened to Hawking
a．Hawking made rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arks about humans' survival at Cedars－Sinai Medical Center.
b．Hawking was diagnosed with a terrible disease.
c．Hawking floated like an astronaut on an aircraft.
d．Hawking was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
A．bcda B．bacd
C．bcad D．bdca
7．By saying “50 yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs is unusual，to say the least”，the doctor means ________．
A．50 years is a long time
B．Hawking has lived too long
C．he didn't expect Hawking's long life
D．he couldn't explain why Hawking lived so long
8．In spite of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his disease，Hawking can do the following things EXCEPT ________．
A．continue to dig into his studies
B．control the universe
C．make the public understand difficult physics concepts easily
D．communicate with others via a computer
9．What kind of person is Hawking according to the author
A．Determined and optimistic.
B．Weak and unfortunate.
C．Brave but unconfident.
D．Talented but pessimistic.
C
(2015·宁波一模)Fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rming wasn't exactly a profession likely to be successful when Linda Neunzig started Ninety Farms near Arlington about 12 years ago.Today Linda's 52－acre farm，like most，isn't making enough for her to raise her family.
So why then is Linda ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more optimistic than ever She can tell you in one word：local.
“People want local foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d，and they're willing to pay for the freshness，the taste and the quality，” Linda said of her locally grown vegetables and meat sold primarily to the restaurants.“They're buying more and more local.”
All kinds of factors a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re driving the buy－local view，said Mary Embleton，executive director of the Cascade Harvest Coalition(联盟)，which represents about 250 farm members.
“Certainly hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lth and nutrition，”Mary said.“We know whole fruits and vegetables are better than processed ones in general.”
Frustration with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) large－scale farming in recent years，including incidents involving animal diseases such as mad cow，has pushed consumers to explore their local food supply.
The distance food tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vels，called food miles，and the fuels used are other factors.
“People are concern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with protecting the environment and air quality，”Mary said，“Having a healthy farm division adds to environmental quality.”
Government leader ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have been watching the buy－local trend take shape too.
Snohomish County ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Executive Aaron Reardon has made financial success for farmers and，in turn，farmland preservation，which has been considered most important during the past three years.He hired long－time county employee John Roney to fill a new agricultural coordinator (协调员) position so the county would have full－time contact with farmers.He also started Focus on Farming Conference to connect with farmers.
Linda，in addition t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o running her farm with some outside help，is joining the county effort too，working full－time as a project coordinator.
Other groups are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also working with farmers，including the Northwest Agriculture Business Center，formed in 2005 to serve five counties.The Haggen grocery store chain has worked with the center to help farmers sell and market their goods.
Roney hopes the fu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture of local farming can include not just farm tourism and local food at schools，but crops for making biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel，food－processing facilities for local products.
“Americans are used ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to a cheap food supply.The question might be，‘What are you willing to pay for food？’” Roney said.“Would you rather have the ability to produce food to feed the people of this area or do you want everything to be either houses or wetlands？”
10．Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A．Fresh from a farm
B．How to get cheap fresh vegetables
C．Modern agriculture in America
D．A project coordinator
11．People wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt to buy local food due to the following factors EXCEPT ________．
A．quantity and cost B．health and nutrition
C．food miles and fuels D．animal diseases
12．How does the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )overnment assist in developing this buy－local tendency
A．Mary Emble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ton works for the Cascade Harvest Coalition，representing about 250 farm members.
B．Aaron Reardon h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as held Focus on Farming Conference to connect with farmers in Snohomish County.
C．John Roney has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hired agricultural coordinators to ensure full－time contact with farmers.
D．Linda Neunzig h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as started Ninety Farms near Arlington with some outside help.
13．Those groups that work with farmers do NOT include ________．
A．the Haggen grocery store chain
B．the Northwest Agriculture Business Center
C．the Cascade Harvest Coalition
D．Ninety Farms
14．What can be predicted about the future of local farming
A．Farms will be turned into either houses or wetlands.
B．Local farming will be expanded into large－scale farming.
C．Farm touris ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m，fuel－making and food－processing will be further developed.
D．Cheap food su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pply will be replaced with high－quality but expensive supplies.
15．About local farming，the author feels ________．
A．worried B．doubtful
C．certain D．hopeful
参考答案
第三部分　阅读理解技法与文体演练
课时16　阅读理解技法(1)
阅读理解技法演练
一、Reading 1
26．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句话A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.可知，盒子上的日期是1973年，故距现在大约是40年了，所以选A。]
27．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he salesgirl said，“Uh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”女售货员说这个游戏盒未曾打开过，很罕见，可能会值一些钱，有价值。故选B。]
Reading 2
B　[事实细节题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第一段中“...stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.”可知作者到达悉尼计划要做的事情就是为“我和孩子”找房子，故B项正确。]
二、Reading 1
A　[主旨大意题。尽管老人受伤严重，但是仍然向作者的儿子露出了微笑。所以最好的题目应该是鲜花的力量，故选A项。]
Reading 2
A　[目的意图题。第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )点明文章的主旨：Be bold and brave，后面的段落对这一中心话题详细论述，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是激励人们要大胆、勇敢。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是不同类型的图表所提供的消息是不同的，根据图表我们可以从中快速地获得所需要的信息。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )A legend...is a guide to symbols and colors used in the graph可知答案为A。选项与原文用词完全一致。]
2．D　[数字计算题。根据Graph 1可知，成绩为A的6人，成绩为B的10人，成绩为C的4人，共计20人。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据Graph 2可知，第三天鸟儿飞行的距离最大，为70公里。]
4．D　[细节理解题。根据Graph 3可知，衣服的花销所占比例最大为$36。]
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了霍金对生活的积极态度、他的研究及所取得的成就。
5．C　[考查主旨大意。A、B、D都是文章陈述的一部分，作为文章大意有些片面，C项是对文章的全面概括。]
6．A　[考查细节理解。通读全文后可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，霍金发表有关人类生存的观点是在今年；被诊断患有重病是在50年前；像宇航员一样在航空器中飘浮是在2007年；被授予总统勋章是在2009年。故选A项。]
7．D　[考查句意理解。根据上文中的“D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r.Robert Baloh，director of Cedars－Sinai's ALS program who invited Hawking，said he had no explanation for the physicist's long life.”可推知，此处表示霍金得了这种病后还能活50年是不寻常的，他无法解释这是为什么，故选D。]
8．B　[考查细节理解。根据文章第四段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“‘If you understand how the universe operates，you control it in a way，’ he said.”他说：“如果你明白了宇宙的运转方式，在某种程度上你就能控制它。”可知，B项“控制宇宙”与文章表述不符，过于绝对。]
9．A　[考查推理判断。根据文章可知，霍金身 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )残志坚，生病后仍然坚持自己的研究，故他是一个有决心的人，此外从他所说的话“However difficult life may seem，there is always something you can do and succeed in”(不管生活看起来有多么艰难，总有你能做并成功的事情)可以看出他是乐观的，故选择A。]
【语篇解读】　一提到农业，人们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会想到菜篮中的蔬菜和肉制品。这些蔬菜和肉制品来自哪里呢？是来自本地还是来自其他大型农场？读了这篇文章，你可以了解美国农业的一种新趋势，以及这种趋势给人们生活带来的变化。
10．A　[考查标题判断。本文主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲的是美国农业的一种新趋势，推崇从本地采购新鲜的蔬菜和肉制品，这种趋势给人们的生活带来了新的变化，故A项最适合作本文标题。]
11．A　[考查细节理解。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第四段中的“All kinds of factors are driving the buy－local view”及第五段中的“Certainly health and nutrition”可知，B项正确；从第六段中的“...animal diseases such as mad cow，has pushed consumers to explore their local food supply”不难看出，D项正确；从第七段中的“The distance food travels，called food miles，and the fuels used are other factors.”可知C项正确。只有A项文章中没有提到，故答案为A。]
12．B　[考查细节理解。从文章第九段“Go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vernment leaders have been watching the buy－local trend take shape too.”和第十段中的“Snohomish County Executive Aaron Reardon has made financial success for farmers”“He also started Focus on Farming Conference to connect with farmers.”可知，答案是B项。]
13．D　[考查细节理解。从第一段第一句可知，Ninety Farms是Linda的农场的名字，不是与农民合作的团体，故选D项。]
14．C　[考查推理判断。从文章倒数第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“Roney hopes the future of local farming can include not just farm tourism and local food at schools，but crops for making biodiesel (生物柴油) fuel，food－processing facilities for local products.”不难推断出未来当地农业发展的前景，所以C项正确。]
15．D　[考查作者态度。纵观全文尤其是第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的“So why then is Lina more optimistic than ever？”可推知，这种地方农业的新趋势以及这种趋势给人们生活带来的变化是让人们感到充满希望的，所以D项正确。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（17）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时17　阅读理解技法(2)
Ⅰ.阅读理解技法演练
一、细心推敲　推理判断题
【精要提示】　推理判断题的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答案不可能在文章中直接找到，但答案的依据一定在原文中，因此在推理过程中一定要忠于原文，在文中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分——推断的前提，从中推出未知部分——推断的结论。这就要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及的每个句子的意思，推断出它们之间的关系，而且要结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断理解文章的话外之音，言外之意。做推理判断题时要注意以下几点：(1)选项内容与原文相同，不需要经过推断，这样的选项直接排除。(2)绝对化、扩大化的选项要排除。(3)与文章主基调不相符的结论也要淘汰。(4)推断时要客观，忠于原文，不要受主观意识的影响。
【微情景练】
忠于原文，合理推断
Reading 1
(2014·大纲版全国卷，E)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hich boy hasn't dreamed of being a cool secret agent(特工)？The wonderful fighting abilities and the world－saving adventures are much more colourful than most people's everyday lives.Well Cody Banks is just like any other boy，except that he is not just dreaming.He has a big secret his friends never know about.He was trained to be a spy(间谍)by a special CIA programme，which was made to look like a summer camp.He learned high－speed driving，hand－to－hand fighting and the use of high－tech tools.
...
Agent Cody Banks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has everything that young people are interested in：big explosions，breath－taking performances and funny girl－dating experiences.It was listed No.2 in the American box office last week.
“This story is int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eresting and fun for the whole family to enjoy，and especially cool for young boys，”said Paul Perkins，a film reviewer in the US.
What is the purpose of the text
A．Making known the work of the CIA.
B．Telling the story about a cool boy.
C．Showing the dark side of science.
D．Introducing a new film.
Reading 2
(2015·广东卷，D)One u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.The words a person speaks tell her or his class.A study of British accents during the 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’．The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional(地区的)city accents.These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’．However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least.This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.
British attitudes towards accent ________．
A．have a long tradition
B．are based on regional status
C．are shared by the Americans
D．have changed in recent years
二、瞻前顾后　猜测词义题
【精要提示】　根据逻辑关系，猜词义。在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个句子或段落中如有两个事物或现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly，like，just as，also，as well as等。
【微情景练】
Reading 1
(2015·四川卷，B)Dete ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didn't look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didn't offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.
What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean
A．To attract. B．To upset.
C．To air. D．To shut.
Reading 2
(2014·湖北高考，C)．..
The study su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.
...
The underlined word“which”in Paragraph 2 refers to “________．”
A．the ways B．their homes
C．developments D．existing efforts
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2014·湖北卷)Working wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr.Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box.Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves.To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr.Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.
She found that p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ersonality had a major impact on learning.The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.In effect，despite being made aware of what to do，they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.
The same held tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ue for anxious baboons compared with calm ones.The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The design of Dr.Carter's research.
B．The results of Dr.Carter's research.
C．The purpose of Dr.Carter's research.
D．The significance of Dr.Carter's research.
2．According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task
A．Those that have more experience.
B．Those that can avoid potential risks.
C．Those that like to work independently.
D．Those that feel anxious about learning.
3．Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.
B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.
C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them.
D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate.
4．Dr.Carter's fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dings indicate that our culture might be formed through________．
A．storing information
B．learning from each other
C．understanding different people
D．travelling between social groups
B
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What are you expected to do about your donation
Before your donation：
1．Be sure to drink plenty of fluids on the day of your donation.
2．Wear clothing with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sleeves that can easily be rolled up above the elbow.
3．If possible，in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clude iron－rich foods such as seafood，beans and tofu in your diet，especially in the weeks before your donation.
During your donation：
1．Our staff and vol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unteers will sign you in and go over basic donation information.
2．We will check your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) temperature，pulse，blood pressure and hemoglobin level present in a sample of blood.
3．We will clea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nse an area on your arm and insert a needle for the blood draw.This feels like a quick pinch and is over in seconds.The actual donation takes about 8－10 minutes，during which you will be seated comfortably.Certain donation types，such as platelets(血小板)，or red cells can take up to 2 hours.When approximately a pint of blood has been collected，the donation is completed and a member of the staff will place a bandage on your arm.
After your donation：
1．After dona ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting，you should have a snack and something to drink in the refreshments area.You can leave the site after 10－15 minutes and continue with your normal daily activities.
2．You should continu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to drink water throughout the day of your donation.
3．Avoid heavy lifting or exercise.
What are benefits of donating
1．Scientific studie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have found that heart attacks and other eardiac problems are less common in men who have donated blood compared to men who have not.
2．It's something yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u can spare—most people have blood to spare...yet，there is still not enough to go around.
3．You will help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ensure blood is on the shelf when needed—most people don't think they'll ever need blood，but many do.
Give blood and you'll make a big difference in the lives of others!
5．How many patients in the USA need blood every day
A．About 1，500. B．About 13，800.
C．About 45，000. D．About one million.
6．One donation can save as many as ________．
A．two lives B．three lives
C．five lives D．eight lives
7．You are adv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ised to eat more seafood before your donation，because ________．
A．seafood is rich in iron
B．seafood is poor in fat
C．seafood contains plenty of fluids
D．seafood helps produce more blood
8．We can infer that blood donation ________．
A．will help you produce more platelets in the blood
B．will allow you to use more blood when in need
C．will make the blood donors healthier physically
D．will have a serious effect on your normal daily activities
C
A novice 15－year－ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old driver，I was trying to downshift around a curve on a gravel country road when I hit the brake instead of the clutch (离合器)．This sent the car sliding，killing the engine and jerking us to an abrupt stop.My father and I sat in surprised silence as a cloud of dust sifted down on the car.I waited for a reprimand，but instead my father took a deep breath and suggested that I restart the engine.
That was 30 ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars ago.My father is gone now，and I'm the parent of three teenagers.What was his secret to remaining calm with his five children Struggling for that patience on a daily basis，I wish he were here to give me the answer as I begin a driving lesson with my 15－year－old son.
I click on the seat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) belt as he climbs behind the wheel.“This is so cool！” he says.I watch as he starts the engine with a roar，adjusts the rear－view mirror to check his hair，flips on his favorite radio station and finally puts the car in reverse.Slowly he backs down out long，narrow driveway.I'm impressed and begin to relax.When we enter the street，he shifts into drive and steps on the gas.
“Watch the mailbox！” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I scream as my foot slams on an imaginary brake.He misses it by an inch.
“See，no problem，” he says.“This is fun.”
He starts to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pick up speed.I tense.Suddenly all the mailboxes，light posts and garbage cans seem really close to the road.
“Watch your speed，” I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say calmly.“Slow down on this curve.Slow down on this curve！” My right foot floors the phantom brake.
“I'm not going fast，” he says.
“Just turn right at the next road.”
Flipping on his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) signal，he makes a wide turn directly into the opposite lane.Thankfully there's no oncoming car.“You've got to stay in your lane.” I snap.Silence fills the air.He grips the wheel.I grasp for patience.
Heading down a long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stretch of country road in a tension－filled car，I struggle to remain silent and just let him experience the driving.After a period of quiet，he turns to me.“How am I doing？” he asks proudly.
“Very well.”
“See，Mom.You just need to give me more time.”
“I know.You're going to make a wonderful driver.”
Smiling，he steps ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on the gas.His face glows with the realization that vast horizons and new beginning are stretching out before him，just like the open road we're on.For a fleeting instant I feel the magic.
Suddenly I'm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no longer the weary mother of three but once again the young girl in the driver's seat.And through this mist of time，a beam of knowledge shines out to me.Thirty years ago，as dust floated down on us in the stalled car，had my father's own memory of a youth come sparkling back to him
Now，tucking my bra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke foot under the seat，I notice the sky has become a rosy hue.I turn and look out the back window.
“Is there a car behind us？” my son asks nervously.
“No，but there' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a spectacular sunset.Keep your eyes on the road，and I'll describe it to you.”
Through the open wind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow，the evening breeze blows in the sweet scent of a country dusk.I take a deep breath.My son checks his hair.Cruising down the road，we both admire the fields glowing in the autumn twilight.
9．What does th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e underlined word “reprimand” mean in the first paragraph
A．Scolding. B．Appreciation.
C．Encouragement. D．Comfort.
10．Which of the following best describes the author's father
A．Patient and strict. B．Capable and skillful.
C．Patient and calm. D．Optimistic and capable.
11．The author mentions the “imaginary brake” to show that ________．
A．she was very nervous about her son's driving
B．the design of the car needs improving
C．her son's driving is really terrible
D．the situation on the road is very complicated
12．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) following is NOT the reason that makes the author feel relaxed suddenly
A．Her realization of her son's bright future.
B．Her memory of her father.
C．The beautiful scenery along the road.
D．Her son's smiling face.
13．We can infer from the passage that her son is ________．
A．a naughty boy who hates to listen to his mom
B．a confident boy who likes driving and learns fast
C．a careless boy who doesn't care about others' feeling
D．an unlucky boy who doesn't get along well with his mom
14．The passage is mainly written to tell the readers ________．
A．how to teach a child driving
B．to value the beautiful relationship between family members
C．to always keep calm and patient when teaching a child
D．that safety is the most important when driving
参考答案
课时17　阅读理解技法(2)
阅读理解技法演练
一、Reading 1
　D　[写作目的题。根据最后一段可知，这是一篇影片简介，故选D。]
Reading 2
　A　[细节理解题。根据该段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )．..British attitudes towards accent have deep roots...可知，英国人对于口音的态度有着一定的根源和传统。由该段最后一句的are based on class prejudice可知，是基于阶级偏见而非基于地区的重要性，故排除B项；根据第四段的However，a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down...可知，美国人的认识与英国人的恰恰相反，所以排除C项；根据该段的第一句One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent.可知，英国人对口音的态度并未改变，故排除D项。]
二、Reading 1
　B　[词义判断题。根据文章上文的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。]
Reading 2
　D　[词义猜测题。该句是非限制性定语从句，which是引导词，其先行词是existing efforts，故选D。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　这是一篇科普性说明文。剑桥大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学的研究人员通过对狒狒的研究发现，影响狒狒学习的因素不是它们是否聪明，而是其性格。这一研究表明，人类社会也是如此，如果我们不善于与他人沟通，那么我们就很难形成一种以社会学习为基础的变化。
1．A　[考查推理判断。第一段介绍 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了研究人员开展这一研究的具体细节：把新奇的食物和熟悉的食物放在一个盒子里，有些狒狒有机会看另外一个狒狒是如何解决问题的，而另外一些狒狒则只能自己去寻找食物，因此选A。]
2．D　[考查推理判断。从文章对该实验 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的描述“The braver baboons learnt，but the shy ones did not learn”“The anxious individuals learnt...while those who were relaxed did not”可知，D项描述正确，因此选D。]
3．C　[考查推理判断。文章二、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段说在观看了别的狒狒之后，一些狒狒学到了本领，而另一些狒狒虽然观看了却没有和别的狒狒一样去做，由此推断选C：有些狒狒看了别的狒狒寻觅食物的过程，但却没有去做。]
4．B　[考查细节理解。由第五段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“If some individuals are unable to get information from others...”可知选B。]
【语篇解读】　本文为应用文，是一则号召人们踊跃献血的公益广告。
5．B　[考查细节理解。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第三个图标内的内容可知，每年美国约有5 000 000病人需要用血，因此每天需要5 000 000÷12÷30≈13 888。故B项正确。]
6．B　[考查细节理解。根据文中的“When ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) approximately a pint of blood has been collected，the donation is completed”可知，一次献血量约为1品脱。再根据第一个图标内的内容可知1品脱血可挽救三个生命。故B项正确。]
7．A　[考查细节理解。根据文中的“I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f possible，include iron－rich foods such as seafoods，beans and tofu in your diet，especially in the weeks before your donation”可知，海鲜含有丰富的铁。]
8．C　[考查推理判断。根据文中的“Sci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entific studies have found that heart attacks and other cardiac problems are less common in men who have donated blood compared to men who have not”可以判断出，献血对献血者的身体是有好处的。]
【语篇解读】　本文为记叙文。作者讲述了陪儿子练习开车的故事。作者的心情变化是这篇文章的主要线索。
9．A　[考查词义猜测。画线词出现在第一段。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文中提到，作者学开车时因为操作失误造成急刹车。作者本来等待父亲的责怪，而父亲却只是深呼吸然后让她继续。reprimand“训斥，斥责”，所以答案选A。]
10．C　[考查细节理解。解题信息在文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章前两段。作者提到，自己的父亲在教育子女方面非常耐心，遇到事情也很冷静，并没有提到父亲其他的品质。所以答案选C。]
11．A　[考查细节理解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。文章第四段和第七段分别提到了imaginary brake和phantom brake。作者对儿子开车非常担心和紧张，想象自己脚下也有刹车，可以在紧急情况下将车刹住。所以答案选A。]
12．C　[考查细节理解。文章第十五段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说到了“For a fleeting instant I feel the magic.”，表示作者的心情豁然开朗。结合上下文，发现很多因素促成了作者心情的变化，包括她联想到儿子的光明前途，回想起父亲和儿子开车时的自信。但车窗外的风景是作者心情转变之后才开始欣赏的，所以答案选C。]
13．B　[考查推理判断。结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合全文对作者儿子开车的描写，可以总结出他对自己很有信心，车子也越开越好。作者对儿子的评价也印证了这一点。所以答案选B。]
14．B　[考查主旨大意。结合全文理解可以看出，作者通过描述陪孩子学车的经历，流露出对家庭亲情的依赖。其他选项均偏离主题，所以答案选B。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（19）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时19　阅读理解文体技法(2)——说明文
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】　说明文是用平 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说，或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解，或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。
阅读说明文的关键是：抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时须注意：
(1)注意说明的顺序，了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络。
(2)在阅读过程中画出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词，有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。
【高考经典练】
(2015·浙江卷，C)If hu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars，we would go in darkness happily，the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet.Instead，we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light.This is a basic evolutionary fact，even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night：We've engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design，which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill－designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life，including ourselves，have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world，some aspect of life is affected.
In most cities t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars，leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark.We've grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience，beyond memory almost.
We've lit up the nig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht as if it were an unoccupied country，when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone，the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force，and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁)．The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night，birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frogs living near ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal，throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint，including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures，we do need darkness.Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.
Living in a glare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of our own making，we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense，light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe，to forget the scale of our being which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.
1．According to the passage，human beings ________．
A．prefer to live in the darkness
B．are used to living in the day light
C．were curious about the midnight world
D．had to stay at home with the light of the moon
2．What does “it” (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to
A．The night. B．The moon.
C．The sky. D．The planet.
3．The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________．
A．provide examples of animal protection
B．show how light pollution affects animals
C．compare the living habits of both species
D．explain why the number of certain species has declined
4．It is implied in the last paragraph that ________．
A．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals
B．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages
C．human beings cannot go to the outer space
D．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe
5．What might be the best title for the passage
A．The Magic Light.
B．The Orange Haze.
C．The Disappearing Night.
D．The Rhythms of Nature.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·浙江省四校高三仿真模拟)Pres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ident Xi Jinping has said that realizing the great renewal of the nation is a long－cherished dream of Chinese in modern times.Now，a new book，The Chinese Dream，launched by New World Press，will explain the dream in detail.
The book，publishe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in Chinese with an English edition coming soon，aims to explore what the Chinese Dream means for China and the rest of the world.
The book offers vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vid and dynamic first－person accounts as explanations of the meaning of the Chinese Dream.
Inspiring peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le described in the book include successful business figures such as Park Keuntae，president and CEO of South Korea－based CJ Group's operations in China，and ordinary people such as Dominic Johnson－Hill，a young man from London known as “Lao Jiang” who runs a small shop in Beijing's Nanluogu Hutong.
“Having live ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d in China for 29 years，I've witnessed the great achievements of China's reform and opening－up.I've benefited a lot from it，”said Park at the book launch.
CJ Group employs 12， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )000 people in China，with a sales volume of DS| 3.27 billion.“My Chinese Dream is to make the number of CJ's Chinese employees over 100，000 and the total sales volume over that of the Korean headquarters，”Park said.
Tony Lund，Asia－Pac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ific and Asia Branch director for Cambridge University Press，said at the book launch that the book is a precious and timely resource for readers who wish to gain a deeper understanding of modern Chinese society and people who are going to prepare for a new period of global cooperation.“The Chinese Dream is subtly different from the American Dream.In both cases，the dream is about the strong desire of prosperity(繁荣) for their citizens，but the Chinese Dream also suggests a vision for China's place in an increasingly internationalized world，”Lund said.“The Chinese Dream describes countless possibilities for shared growth and shared prosperity，on both national and international levels.”
1．The underlin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed word “launched” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________．
A．came out B．sent up
C．looked through D．made up
2．What can we know about Park according to the text
A．He is successful in business.
B．He owns a small shop in Beijing.
C．He is a director for Cambridge University Press.
D．He has lived in China for more than 30 years.
3．The author listed examples in order to explain ________．
A．specific contents of the Chinese Dream
B．the opinions of different people on the Chinese Dream
C．foreigners' benefits from the Chinese Dream
D．the Chinese Dream better with specific facts
4．What does the Chinese Dream differ from the American Dream
A．The Chinese Dream is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to create more benefits for the Chinese people.
B．The Chinese Dream is to better understand the modern society.
C．The Chinese Dream is to share the prosperity with the world.
D．The Chinese Dream is to make a better life for the Chinese people.
B
On New Year's Day，peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple all over the world marked the passing of 2012 with candies and fireworks.But January 1，2013，was also celebrated for being the 150th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation (《解放宣言》)．This order，issued by President Abraham Lincoln，set the United States on a path toward ending slavery.
Lincoln signed t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he executive order on January 1，1863，when America broke up into two parts over the issue about whether or not to end slavery.At the time of Lincoln's order，the two sides，called the Union and the Confederacy，were locked in the violent struggle of the Civil War.A civil war occured when groups from the same country fighted each other.America's Civil War was the deadliest conflict that the country had ever faced.
The Emancipat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion Proclamation formally declared all slaves in the Confederacy “forever free”．At the time，Lincoln had very little power to execute the order in the Confederate states.Those 11 Southern states had already seceded from the Union.The document's real power was unworkable，as it changed the nation's official stand on slavery.
After the Union won ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the war in 1865，the states were reunited，and the Congress passed the 13th Amendment (修正案) to the Constitution.The amendment was then approved by the states.It fully ended slavery throughout the country.
The U．S.Postal Servi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce celebrated the anniversary by creating a special stamp that quoted the Proclamation.“Stamps often make use of our culture and help us remember the events and people who have had an impact on American history，”said Deputy Postmaster General Ronald A．Stroman，from the U．S.Postal Service.
This week，comm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unities across the nation honored the Emancipation Proclamation with special services in churches and historical films.Priest Clementa Pinckney led a church service，known as Watch Night，to celebrate the anniversary at a church in Charleston，South Carolina.Many African－American churches around the country held similar services.“It's not just an African－American celebration; it's an American celebration，”Pinckney told the crowd.“It's freedom which comes full circle.”
5．Why was America divided into two parts in 1863
A．It was caused by America's Civil War.
B．There were disagreements over the slavery.
C．Abraham Lincoln was elected as President.
D．The Union meant to break away from America.
6．According to the passage，the Confederacy ________．
A．was for Lincoln's order
B．had a history of 150 years
C．wanted to change slavery
D．hated President Lincoln
7．When did slavery end in America
A．In 1861. B．In 1863.
C．In 1865. D．In 1870.
8．Why was a special stamp issued
A．To celebrate the anniversary of the order.
B．To celebrate the anniversary of Lincoln.
C．To celebrate the history of America.
D．To celebrate the festival of African－American.
9．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．There are many celebrations held by Americans.
B．All the Americans he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld the same services to celebrate the anniversary.
C．We still don't enjoy freedom nowadays.
D．Freedom needs further development in the future.
C
Hands down，Chine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se company Lao Gan Ma makes the most sophisticated，toothsome hot sauce we've ever tasted.Seriously，don't be fooled by the grumpy－looking lady on the jar! The deeply caramelized chilies，garlic，onions，soybeans and peanuts give this chili paste unbelievable layers of flavor and texture，while Sichuan peppercorns add a mouth－tingling zip...
This chili sauce c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ertainly adds a lot of flavor to dishes.It goes literally with everything，dumplings，noodles，rice dishes，and tons of other stuff.
BEWARE ！！ Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is hot sauce has peanuts in it.Watch out for that if you have or you know people with allergies.
Below are comments from netizens.
1．I have at l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )east 20 different hot sauces，and this is by far the best one.It's been described as sophisticated—I'd agree.There are chili oil，bean and chili flakes and peanuts，which work together perfectly.The spice level is also great.
2．I'm an interna ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tional student from China studying in New York right now.Well，more precisely I'm from Sichuan，where people are known for liking eating spicy food.There's a popular saying among Chinese students studying abroad that “Lao Gan Ma (Old Auntie or something similar) is the goddess for Chinese students overseas”．Funny but true! When we are not used to other non－Chinese food yet，we totally miss the taste! With this chili sauce，it's like being at home again.But the price of this on Amazon is incredibly high，back in China，it costs less than ONE US DOLLAR! Oh...I miss China and Chinese food!
3．This stuff is dang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erously addictive.I wanted something similar to what I got at the Szechuan restaurant.Well I then came across this and was pleased with the reviews then purchased two jars.SO GLAD I DID.It does have some tiny peanut pieces that are crispy and toasty，yum.The heat is very notable and smooth.
4．This product is m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore of a dipping sauce for eating with plain rice，livening a dish of steamed vegetables，or perhaps a dumpling dipping sauce.As such，it's just okay: a little too crunchy，moderately hot，not enough Sichuan peppercorn for me.But it took about a fifth of the bottle to fully season 2 ＋ cups of brown rice.At $8.59/bottle this is too expensive.I found it in my local Asian market for $2.79.It turns out that there are about numerous versions produced by this company，some of which may be worth exploring.
10．Why does the author mention the lady on the jar
A．To show us who made the sauce.
B To prove she is really too grumpy to fool you.
C．To tell us the sauce is really inviting.
D．To explain the sauce is as old as the lady.
11．What do the second and the fourth netizens have in common
A．Both of them come from China.
B．Both of them think the sauce sold abroad is expensive.
C．Both of them are international students.
D．Both of them have bought Lao Gan Ma on the Internet.
12．How did the third netizen feel after she/he bought the sauce
A．She/He was addicted to it because it is very addictive.
B．She/He regretted having bought it because it is too expensive.
C．She/He was very excited about buying it.
D．She/He thought it was too spicy.
13．According to the passage，what can we learn about Lao Gan Ma
A．People who are allergic to peanuts can freely enjoy it.
B．It is more popular and expensive in America than in China.
C．The company produced only one kind of sauce.
D．It is a spicy sauce made in China.
14．What does the underlined word “season” in the last paragraph mean
A．Eat. B．Flavour. C．Cook. D．Fill.
参考答案
课时19　阅读理解文体技法(2)——说明文
高考经典练
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文。现如今人类使夜晚充满了人造光线，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但这么做所造成的光污染的不好影响是巨大的，到了考虑这么做的后果的时候了。
1．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的we are diurnal creatures，with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light可知，我们人类是白天活动的动物，眼睛适应了生活在太阳的光线中。故答案为B。]
2．A　[代词指代题。根据上文中的what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we've done to the night可知，我们让夜晚充满光亮，像白天一样。故答案为A。]
3．B　[目的意图题。第三段谈到了光污染，后面的段落是对光污染影响的详细说明，作者以鸟和青蛙为例来说明光污染对动物的影响。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe可推断出，我们人类应该反思我们所在宇宙中的身份地位。]
5．C　[主旨大意题。本文第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段点明文章主旨：人类使夜晚充满了人造光线，使得夜晚不再黑暗，但这么做导致了光污染，其不好影响是非常巨大的。故答案C最合适。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了《中国梦》这本书的具体情况、中国梦的概念范畴以及其与美国梦的区别。
1．A　[考查词义猜测。根据常识 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )及本句中的“New World Press”可知launched此处意为“出版、发行”。come out“出版”；sent up“发射”；look through“看穿，浏览”；make up“编制，构造”。故选A。]
2．A　[考查细节理解。由第四段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )include successful business figures such as Park Keun－tae”可知选A。business figure指“商业人士”。]
3．D　[考查推理判断。由第四、五、六段的内容可知，作者举例是为了用具体的事实来解释中国梦的内容。]
4．C　[考查细节理解。由最后一段的最后两句可知，除了追求本国繁荣外，中国梦还追求与世界同享繁荣。]
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。2013年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是著名的《解放宣言》颁布150周年，美国许多地方都举行了庆祝活动。本文主要讲述了《解放宣言》诞生的历史。
5．B　[考查细节理解。由第二段第一句可知，美国分裂成两部分，是否应该废除奴隶制度是主要原因。]
6．D　[考查推理判断。由第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段中的“The Emancipation Proclamation formally declared all slaves in the Confederacy ‘forever free’．”和“The document's real power was unworkable”可知，南部邦联不愿废除奴隶制度，而林肯总统却颁布了《解放宣言》。因此可推知南部邦联憎恨林肯总统。]
7．C　[考查细节理解。由第四段可知，在1865年战争结束后，经议会批准，奴隶制才结束。]
8．A　[考查细节理解。由第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的第二句及第五段第一句“The U．S.Postal Service celebrated the anniversary by creating a special stamp that quoted the Proclamation.”可知，发行特殊的邮票是为了庆祝《解放宣言》颁布150周年。]
9．A　[考查段落大意。由最后一段可知，本段主要讲述人们是如何庆祝《解放宣言》颁布150周年的及许多相关的庆祝活动。]
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。通过不同网民的评论，本文向我们展示了中国辣酱“老干妈”在国外备受欢迎的情形。
10．C　[推理判断题。第一段都是对这种辣酱的赞美，所以作者提到别被瓶子上的女士给骗了是为了说明这种酱的美味可口，故选C。]
11．B　[细节理解题。通过第二个和第四个网民的评论可以看出，他们都认为这种酱在国外卖得比较贵，故选B。]
12．C　[细节理解题。从第三个网民的论评中的“SO GLAD I DID”可知，此人很高兴买了这种酱，故选C。]
13．D　[细节理解题。从第三段可知A项错误 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；文中只提到该酱在美国非常受中国留学生的欢迎，并不能推断它在美国比在中国更受欢迎，所以B项错误；从文章最后一句话可排除C项；从第一段中的“Chinese company Lao Gan Ma”可知D项正确。]
14．B　[词义猜测题。完全调好两碗多糙米饭需要大约五分之一瓶的酱。season在此意为“加调料调味”，故选B。]