【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（22）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时22 阅读理解文体技法(5)——应用文
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 英语应用文指在日常工作和生活 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中使用的文体，一般可分为两大类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等；另一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、公约、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等。
高考英语应用文的设问一般按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，设问内容一般以细节题为主，也兼有询问出处和写作意图的题目。
在解答事实细节题时，我们首先要在试题中寻找关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )键的线索词，如名词、动词、形容词或副词等实义词，带着问题和它们去阅读短文，要标明其出处，为迅速、准确地选择正确的答案作好充分准备。
在解答询问出处和写作意图的题目 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时，要能够理解文章的主旨大意(中心思想)。在解答主旨大意类常采用快速浏览法，只要先浏览文章的标题，首、尾段或每段的首、尾句，再重点寻找主题线索和主题信息即可。当然还要善于抓住文章的中心思想，把握住作者的观点和写作意图。
【高考经典练】
(2015·重庆卷，C)
Lakelander·2 hours ago
Today，a man talked ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading，making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read mynews paper out loud on the train，I have never had the courage to do it，though.
Pak 50 ...·57 minutes ago
Why not give ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it a try Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused，he took out his French horn(号) and started to practice.
Angie O'Edema·42 minutes ago
I don't see h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow musical instruments can help improve manners in public.Don't do to others what you wouldn't like to be done to yourself.Once，a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.I left my seat quietly，giving him some privacy to finish his conversation.He realized this and apologised to me.When his phone rang again later，he left his seat to answer it.You see，a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.
Taodas·29 minutes ago
I did read my news ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )paper out loud on a train，and it turned out well.The guy took it in good part，and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.
Sophie 76·13 minutes ago
I have not tried rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding my newspaper out loud on a train，but，several years ago，I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children.Several passengers seemed to appreciate what I did.
1．The passenger made an apology to Angie O'Edema because ________．
A．he offered his seat to someone else
B．he spoke very loudly on his phone
C．he refused to talk with Angie
D．he ignored Angie's request
2．Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train
A．Pak 50. B．Angie O'Edema.
C．Taodas. D．Sophie 76.
3．What is the discussion mainly about
A．How to react to bad behavior.
B．How to kill time on a train.
C．How to chat with strangers.
D．How to make a phone call.
4．Where is the passage most probably taken from
A．A webpage. B．A newspaper.
C．A novel. D．A report.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
There are many gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat movie directors of all time and the following are six of those who have largely impressed audience with their body of work.
Francis Ford Coppola
As a member of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e New Hollywood gang，Francis Coppola is best remembered for The Godfather series.His decision to cast Marlon Brando in the lead also met with fierce opposition from the studio bosses.Good sense became popular，and The Godfather went on to become one of the most memorable movies ever.Critics may point out that he has become less creative after his seventies，but try as one might，no one can possibly take the place of this great director's work.
Stanley Kubrick
Stanley Kubric ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k's movies focus on themes like science fiction，horror，dark humor and war.He used symbolism in most of his movies，giving us some wonderful screen visuals，as shown in 2001：A Space Odyssey.His actors in Hollywood complained about the endless number of retakes，but they appreciated the performance he milked out of them.People argue about films like Lolita，A Clockwork Orange and Paths of Glory，but these are now seen as classics.
Steven Spielberg
Steven Spielberg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is a great success at the box office (票房)，and he is one of the world's most popular film－makers today.As the creator of classics like Schindler's List，Jurassic Park，E.T.，Jaws，Saving Private Ryan，no one can win his hold over the audience.His critics accuse him of being emotional and over the top，but the fact remains that his movies attract the audience，and set the cash registers (点钞机) ringing.
Woody Allen
Woody Allen is a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irector who directs movies full of crime and hate，such as Annie Hall，Hannah and Her Sisters，Midnight in Paris and so on.His movies constantly include characters who arouse the audience's sympathy and laughter at the same time，as they set out on a journey of self－discovery.Hollywood star power has never fazed Allen.Thankfully，awards and honors do not interest him，which results in creativity that is original.
Akira Kurosawa
As a director who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was primarily an artist，Akira Kurosawa's own experiences were as vivid as his movies.Kurosawa's Rashomon，which won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival，made western audiences stand up and take notice of Japanese cinema.His Shakespearean influence was showcased in Throne of Blood (Macbeth) and Ran (King Lear)，whereas his films influenced several Hollywood epics down the line，for example，The Hidden Fortress which became George Lucas' inspiration for Star Wars.His perfect attitude was always hated as he made his actors “live” their characters even beyond the actual shot，throughout the duration of the filming.Kurosawa's editing skills were excellent，and was respected and loved by the audience and other directors all the time.
Martin Scorsese
Martin Scorsese's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stronghold is New York's Mean Streets，full of crime，violence and hate，with a distinct Italian－American influence.He presented a sense of realism in his cinema，without actually glorifying gore.Scorsese's slow motion techniques and his master tracking shot sequences have made for the most wonderful visuals in cinematic history.Classical movies like Raging Bull，Gangs of New York，Goodfellas have been copied for up－and－coming directors to look up to，and more importantly，match up to.
1．The movie The Hidden Fortress was directed by ________．
A．Francis Ford Coppola B．Woody Allen
C．Stanley Kubrick D．Akira Kurosawa
2．What do the directors mentioned in the passage have in common
A．They are interested in awards for their works.
B．They are American directors.
C．They have created movies regarded as classics.
D．They focus their themes on the negative side of society.
3．Stanley Kubrick's works include the following except________．
A．Gangs of New York
B．2001: A Space Odyssey
C．A Clockwork Orange
D．Paths of Glory
4．The underlined sentence implies that Steven Spielberg ________．
A．was successful in amusing the audience
B．succeeded in making great box office earnings
C．had making money as his goal
D．had a cash register working for himself
5．What do we know about Martin Scorsese and his movies
A．Midnight in Paris was directed by him.
B．His movies are influenced by realism.
C．No other directors can match him.
D．Mean Streets doesn't show any influence of foreign culture.
B
Four cinemas in the UK
The Kinema，Lincolnshire
It's a wooden buil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ding on the outside and a two－screen cinema on the inside，all nesting among pine trees in a tiny village.The Kinema showed its first film in 1922 and the first six rows were deekchairs(折叠帆布躺椅)．Today，it's more richly decorated.
“People come here ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) because it's a fantastic experience，” says manager Philip Jones.“Many rooms in the Kinema are simple and not attractive，but we try to remain everything that makes it special.”
The Cube，Bristol
It's not rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly a cinema.It is a not－for－profit cooperative run by volunteers，which has been operating for the last 15 years.
They are “uni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )que for what we do，which is to operate seven nights a week and with no funding.”They make many things themselves，such as cola and yogurt.
The Broadway，Nottingham
A cinema has bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n here since the 1960s，when local fashion designer Paul Smith would come to see arty foreign films，which heavily influenced his career choice.Later，he designed the stripy(条纹的) sofas.
The Broadway was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )previously used as a church，but locals love it for its independent，art house，and DIY spirit.The Broadway also has a right－on restaurant，with locally sourced vegetables and salads，and even serves its own beer.
The Rex，Hertfordshire
It opened to the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ublic in 1938 and has been named the most beautiful cinema in the UK.There's a varied programme with different films every night.Hot dogs and popcorn are banned.And a real person answers the phone when you call.
People speak very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) highly of the Rex.So do go，if only once，to see just how a cinema should be run.
6．In Philip Jones' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opinion，the Kinema may attract people who ________．
A．live in the nearby villages
B．are fond of rich decorations
C．are interested in wooden structures
D．want to experience something special
7．We know from the text that the Broadway ________．
A．was built in 1960
B．owns a restaurant
C．is next to a church
D．was designed by Paul Smith
8．The Cube and t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Broadway are similar in the way that they both ________．
A．are non－profit cooperatives
B．show arty foreign films
C．offer homemade drinks
D．use stripy sofas
9．Which of the following has the longest history
A．The Kinema. B．The Cube.
C．The Broadway. D．The Rex.
C
Amazing Kids ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Magazine is very excited to bring you the first contest of 2014—a fiction writing contest.Pick out your favorite story you have written and submit it by March 31st.This contest is not just about winning or losing—the most important thing is your participation！By participating，your stories will be reviewed for possible publication，so you can share your story with everyone.Show your talent to everyone by submitting a fictional story to us.
The contest is open ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to all the kids from 6 to 17 years old.The age groups have been divided for judging as follows：6～8，9～11，12～14，and 15～17.
Rules and Regulations：
★Submissions mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t be emailed with “Amazing Kids！Fiction Contest” as the subject.
★Submissions mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t be an original fictional story with 1，500 words at most.
★It must be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kid－friendly with no violence，inappropriate language，or adult themes.
★The stories sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould have an well－developed storyline with interesting characters.A title that presents the general storyline should be included.
★Submissions sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould be double－spaced with the author's name，real age(even if the story was written at a younger age) and city/state.They should be in a Word or PDF document titled with the title of your story and your first name.
★If you are submi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tting a story written when you were younger，your story will be judged in your current age group.Every person is allowed to submit at most 3 entries.Submit all entries to：editor@ amazing－kids.org.
Prizes：
The top winners in e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach category will receive a DS| 25 Amazon Gift Card.The winners will be announced in the magazine's website on May 1st.
Put on your thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king cap and create the most interesting stories ever.We look forward to reading your entries!
10．You would like t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o take part in the contest probably because ________．
A．you are sure to win it
B．you have been invited by it
C．you can show your different interests
D．it offers a chance to publish your story
11．If you are just t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en years old，your story will be judged in the age group of ________．
A．6～8 B．9～11 C．12～14 D．15～17
12．Which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following is true according to the rules of the contest
A．Your story should be written by yourself.
B．You should submit a story without a title.
C．You can submit only one story every time.
D．You can choose any topic.
13．How can you learn if you are one of the winners of the contest
A．By making a telephone.
B．By writing an e－mail.
C．By visiting the judges.
D．By visiting the magazine's website.
14．Who are most likely to be interested in the text
A．The teachers. B．The parents.
C．The children. D．The judges.
参考答案
课时22 阅读理解文体技法(5)——应用文
高考经典练
【语篇解读】 本文是由论 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论。主要讲述了Lake Lander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。
1．B [细节理解题。根据文章中的a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone.和He realized this and apologised to me.可知，选择B。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据文章中的I did read my newspaper out loud on a train.可知，选择C。]
3．A [主旨大意题。Lake Lander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。]
4．A [主旨大意题。本文是由论坛上截取的关于不文明现象的讨论。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了六位非常著名的导演，他们创造了不朽的经典影片。
1．D [细节理解题。根据对Akira ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Kurosawa的介绍的第三句可知，他的电影对一些好莱坞史诗体裁的电影有很大影响，如The Hidden Fortress就是George Lucas拍摄《星球大战》的灵感来源，由此可知这部电影是由Akira Kurosawa导演的，故选D项。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据文章内容可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，这六位导演都拍摄了非常经典的电影，故选C项。根据对第四位导演的介绍可以直接排除A；Akira Kurosawa是日本人，B项错误；根据文中信息可知，并不是这六位导演的作品的主题都涉及了社会的负面，故D项不正确。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据文中对 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Stanley Kubrick的介绍可知，他的作品有2001：A Space Ddyssey，Lolita，A Clockwork Orange和Paths of Glory，而Gangs of New York是Martin Scorsese导演的作品，故选A项。]
4．B [推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对Steven Spielberg的介绍尤其是第一句可知，他在票房上非常成功，故“他的电影让点钞机忙个不停”暗指他的电影创造了很高的票房。]
5．B [细节理解题。根据最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的第二句可知，B项为正确答案。Mdnight in Paris是Woody Allen的作品，A项表述错误；由最后一段的第二句可知C项表述错误；由最后一段的第一句可知D项表述错误。]
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了英国的四家电影院。
6．D [细节理解题。根据T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Kinema，Lincolnshire部分中的“People come here because it's a fantastic experience...we try to remain everything that makes it special.”可知答案。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据The Br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oadway，Nottingham部分中的The Broadway also has a right－on restaurant可知答案。]
8．C [推理判断题。根据The Cube ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，Bristol部分中的They make many things themselves，such as cola and yogurt及The Broadway，Nottingham部分中的The Broadway...even serves its own beer可知，这两家电影院都提供自制饮料。]
9．A [推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据四个部分中分别出现的in 1922，for the last 15 years，since the 1960s及in 1938可知，Kinema电影院的历史最为悠久。]
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了Ama ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )zing Kids Magazine举行的写作比赛的时间、参赛者的身份、参赛的规则、截稿时间和设奖情况等。
10．D [细节理解题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中的“your stories will be reviewed for possible publication”可知，如果参加这次竞赛，那么参赛者所写的故事就有出版的机会。]
11．B [细节理解题。文章第二段给出了几个年龄组，根据题干中涉及的年龄可知B项为正确答案。]
12．A [细节理解题。根据规则中的“S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ubmissions must be an original fictional story with 1 500 words at most”可知，参赛的作品必须是原创的。]
13．D [细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )倒数第二段中的“The winners will be announced in the magazine's website on May 1st.”可知，获胜者名单将在杂志的网站上宣布，故选D。]
14．C [推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第二段“The contest is open to all the kids from 6 to 17 years old.The age groups have been divided for judging as follows：6～8，9～11，12～14，and 15～17”特别是其中的年龄分组情况可以推知，孩子们对本文更感兴趣。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（21）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时21 阅读理解文体技法(4)——科普知识类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 科技篇章结构比较清楚，层次分明，语句段落逻辑关联强而且明确，限定性修饰比较多。
对科技篇章，我们首先应该理解篇章的语词、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语句，有些语词，特别是一些科技专业术语，可能涉及我们对篇章的关键内容的理解。科技篇章中的语词、语句理解是科技篇章理解的重要因素，有时甚至是关键因素。
科技篇章的推论理解要素大多不太直接，我们可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以从科技篇章中推论出：作者对科学精神和科学技术的作用功能的肯定赞同(偶尔会有反科学的所谓科技文章，但很少，学生几乎不可能在阅读英语材料时阅读到)，作者对某一/某些科学观点/科学方法的肯定赞同支持，作者对科学家的肯定支持，作者对科学实验结论/结果的肯定支持等。
【高考经典练】
(2014·北京卷)
Store Scent(香味)
What is the first thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng you notice when you walk into a shop？The products displayed (展示) at the entrance？Or the soft background music
But have you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever noticed the smell？Unless it is bad，the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop's scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds，it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecome famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance，via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores，customers' intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the best shopping streets in Paris，scent is just as important to a brand's success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago，th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants' disproving attitude and don't－touch－what－you－can't－afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce (e－commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e－shops can use sights and sounds，only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now，a famous store use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s complex man－made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department，and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new lab，inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and drawers，in search of their perfect scent.
1．According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the passage，what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores
A．Friendly assistants.
B．Unique scents.
C．Soft background music.
D．Attractive window displays.
2．E－shops are mentioned in the passage to ________．
A．show the advantages of bricks－and－mortar stores
B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C．push stores to use sights and sounds
D．introduce the rise of e－commerce
3．The underlined word“destination”in Paragraph 5 means ________．
A．a platform that exhibits goods
B．a spot where travelers like to stay
C．a place where customers love to go
D．a target that a store expects to meet
4．The main purpose of the passage is to ________．
A．compare and evaluate B．examine and assess
C．argue and discuss D．inform and explain
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·杭州二模)L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ast summer，two nineteenth－century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana，to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco.The houses were made of wood.These cottages once housed early settlers as they worked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.
The cottages could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be an example of the industry's odd love affair with “low technology”，a concept associated with the natural world，and with old－school craftsmanship(手艺) that exists long before the Internet era.Low technology is not virtual (虚拟的)—so，to take advantage of it，Internet companies have had to get creative.The rescued wood cottages，fitted by hand in the late eighteen－hundreds，are an obvious example，but Twitter' s designs lie on the extreme end.Other companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology that focuses on nature.
Amazon is building ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )three glass spheres filled with trees，so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural，park－like setting”．At Google's office，an entire floor is carpeted in glass.Facebook' s second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
Olle Lundberg，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) founder of Lundberg Design，has worked with many tech companies over the years.“We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives，and our tech engineers are the ones who feel impoverished (贫乏的)，because they're surrounded by the digital world，” he says.“They' re looking for a way to regain their individual identity，and we've found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that.”
This craft based the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ory is rooted in history，William Morris，the English artist and writer，turned back to pre－industrial arts in the eighteen－sixties，just after the Industrial Revolution.The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines.“Without creative human occupation，people became disconnected from life，” Morris said.Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities.In Japan，patients are encouraged to “forest－bathe”，taking walks through woods to lower their blood pressure.
These health benef ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its apply to the workplace as well.Rachel Kaplvin，a professor of environmental psychology，has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environment.Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying.If low－tech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then，fine，bring on the cottages.
1．The writer mentio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns the two nineteenth－century cottages to show that ________．
A．Twitter is having a hard time
B．old cottages are in need of protection
C．early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in Montana
D．Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology
2．Low technology is regarded as something that ________．
A．is related to nature
B．is out of date today
C．consumes too much energy
D．exists in the virtual world
3．The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings ________．
A．have destroyed many pre－industrial arts
B．have a tradition of valuing arts and crafts
C．can become intelligent by learning history
D．can regain their individual identity by using machines
4．The writer's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attitude to “low technology” can best be described as ________．
A．positive B．defensive
C．cautious D．doubtful
5．What might be the best title for the passage
A．Past Glories，Future Dreams
B．The Virtual World，the Real Challenge
C．High－tech Companies，Low－tech Offices
D．The More Craftsmanship，the Less Creativity
B
Many people focus o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n physical fitness，but few know that brain fitness is also something you can work on.In fact，you can exercise your brain as often as you work out your arms or abs—and the results can be positive and empowering.It's helpful to think of your brain as you work out a muscle.To improve your brain，you can't simply repeat the same exercises over and over.Just as lifting a two pound weight will no longer challenge you，so will repetitive exercises such as crosswords or Sudoku.Once you master easy exercises，you must move on to harder ones in order to push your brain—like your muscles—to a new level.
Scientists once belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved that your mental abilities were fixed in adulthood.Now that studies on neuroplasticity have shown just the opposite，millions of people around the world have adopted the new practice of brain training.
The most popul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar of these brain training products is made by the San Francisco－based Lumosity，which employs a team of in－house neuroscientists with degrees from Stanford and UC Berkeley.Realizing that brains need more sophisticated programs and guidance to grow and change，Lumosity's scientists work with an experienced team of game designers.Together they've developed a fun，effective online brain training program that measures，tracks，and adapts to your progress so you'll always be challenged.Lumosity's training system and 40 ＋ games are based on well－studied tests used in clinical neuropsychology research.
In a 2013 Stanford ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )study，a treatment group of 21 breast cancer survivors used 12 weeks of Lumosity training to work on processing speed，mental flexibility，and working memory tasks.On average，those who trained improved on tests of these abilities，compared to a group that did not train with Lumosity.There is even some first－round evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal，healthy adults.In a 2011 study by Lumosity and San Francisco State University researchers，13 people who did Lumosity training over 5 weeks improved on tests of brain performance compared to a group that did not train.On average，those who trained improved working memory scores by 10% and attention scores by 20%.
Training can take j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust a few minutes a day，but the rewards can make a difference in many aspects of life.The goal of brain training is not to improve game scores: it's to improve the underlying core abilities that those games rely on.Lumosity is one of the first and most popular brain training programs in existence.There's a small fee to use the full product，or new users can start a free trial.
6．What is the best title for the passage
A．Brain training—can make a difference
B．Brain training—a new science
C．Brain training can keep you fit
D．Brain training—an open online course
7．In order to improve our brain，we can ________．
A．do the same exercises day after day
B．challenge it with harder exercises day by day
C．work out crosswords every day
D．adapt to physical change
8．According to the passage，what is Lumosity
A．It is a team of in－house neuroscientists.
B．It is a team of experienced game designers.
C．It is an online brain training program.
D．It is clinical brain training research.
9．In Paragraph 4，the writer gives so many figures to ______．
A．explain the cause of Lumosity
B．clarify the principle of Lumosity
C．confirm the process of Lumosity
D．show the effect of Lumosity
10．It seems to us that the passage is exactly ________．
A．an ad B．a survey
C．a questionnaire D．a quiz
C
Which is sillier: de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nying we ever went to the moon or trying to convince the true nonbelievers
Once upon a time—July ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20，1969，to be specific—two men got out of their little spaceship and wandered around on the moon for a while.Ten more men walked on the moon over the next three and a half years.
Unfortunately，not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quite.A fair number of Americans think that this whole business of moon landings really is a fairy tale.They believe that the landings were a big hoax (骗局) staged in the Mojave Desert，to convince everyone that U．S.technology was the “bestest” in the whole wide world.
Which is the harder ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) thing to do：Send men to the moon or make believe we did The fact is the physics behind sending people to the moon is simple.You can do it with computers whose entire memory capacities can now fit on chips the size of postage stamps and that cost about as much as，well，a postage stamp.I know you can because we did.
However，last fall NA ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )SA considered spending $15，000 on a public－relations campaign to convince the unimpressed that Americans had in fact gone to the moon.That idea was mostly a reaction to a Fox television program，first aired in February 2001，that claimed to expose the hoax.The show' s creator is a publicity hound (猎狗) who has lived up to the name in more ways than one by hounding Buzz Aldrin，the second man on the moon.Mr.X (as I will call him，thereby denying him the joyous sight of his name in print) recently followed Buzz Aldrin around and called him “a thief，liar and coward” until the 72－year－old astronaut finally lost his temper and hit the 37－year－old Mr.X in the face.
Anyway，NASA' s pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blicity campaign began to slow down.The nonbelievers took the campaign as NASA' s effort to hide something while the believers said that $15，000 to convince people that the world was round—I mean，that we had gone to the moon—was simply a waste of money.(Actually，the $15，000 was supposed to pay for an article by James E．Oberg，an astronomy writer who，with Aldrin，has contributed to Scientific American.)
If NASA' s not pay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing Oberg，perhaps it could put the money to good use by hiring two big guys to drag Neil Armstrong out of the house.Armstrong is an extremely private man，but he is also the first man on the moon，so maybe he has a duty to be a bit more outspoken about the experience.Or NASA could just buy Aldrin a commemorate plaque (纪念匾) for his recent touch on the face of Mr.X.
11．We can learn fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m Paragraphs 2 and 3 that some Americans believe ________．
A．moon landings were invented
B．U.S.technology was the best
C．moon landing ended successfully
D．the Mojave Desert was the launching base
12．According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the writer，which of the following is to blame for the story about the hoax
A．NASA' s publicity campaign.
B．The Fox television program.
C．Buzz Aldrin.
D．James E．Oberg.
13．According to the writer，Mr.X ________．
A．told a faithful story
B．was not treated properly
C．was a talented creator
D．had a bad reputation
14．The believers think that NASA' s publicity campaign is ________．
A．proof to hide the truth
B．stupid and unnecessary
C．needed to convince the non－believers
D．important to develop space technology
15．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．NASA should not bother with the non－believers.
B．Armstrong was a very private and determined person.
C．Armstrong should be as outspoken as Buzz Aldrin.
D．NASA should send more astronauts to outer space.
16．The tone of the article is ________．
A．angry B．conversational
C．humorous D．matter－of－fact
参考答案
课时21 阅读理解文体技法(4)——科普知识类
高考经典练
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明文。给读者介绍了味道在实体店销售过程中体现出越来越重要的作用，并且通过运动品商店和巴黎购物街的例子，来证明运用味道带来的改变和不同，然后对比网络商店，来说明实体店可以给购物者带来全方位的体验的优势，最后介绍了现在的一个著名的商店是如何运用味觉元素的。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第二自然段最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句话And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.，向大家介绍了“味道”这个能够刺激购买的越来越强有力的重要工具，文中句子即可找到答案。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据文章第五段提及的． ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..e－shops can use sights and sounds.可知网店只能提供视觉和听觉的体验。only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.而只有实体店从顾客踏入店门到离开的那一刻能为顾客提供全方位的体验，此句说明了实体店的优势。所以文章提到e－shop 的作用是显现实体店的优势。]
3．C [词义猜测题。答案能够从划线词汇的前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后找到，Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination，and scent is just one way to achieve this.这个商店所要的是一个不仅仅是商店的地方，而是一个目的地，而气味恰恰就是(让顾客)到达这个地方的一个方法。A 选项说的是陈列货品的地方，这是商店的功能的一部分，所以不正确；B项是一个旅游者乐意去的景点，这和商店的功能不符合；D项是一个商店所期望达到的预期，但是没有点名预期是什么，最终的预期其实正是C项中一个大家都爱去的地方。]
4．D [推理判断题。文章开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )始部分向大家介绍了味道在实体店销售的过程中吸引顾客，从而使商店不断更加引人注目的重要性，接下来就通过举例运动品商店和巴黎最有名的购物街说明了味道的作用，一个是接下来就引入了“e－shop”来体现实体店中味道给购物者能带来全面的体验，最后以一个现在正在使用味道的有名的购物中心是如何应用味道来吸引消费者和促进销售的。可以看出整个的过程就是先告知结果，然后再解释论证的过程。A 对比，评估：文章提到了“e－shop”只是对比，来体现实体店的优势，但是没有评估过程。B 检测与评定：文章直接给了味道的作用日益明显，没有检测的过程；C 争论和探讨：文章没有争论，也没有探讨。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】 本文属科普类文章， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )介绍了“大自然能够促进人的创造力”这一理念，也就是在自然环境下工作的人们工作效率更高。所以世界上很多的大公司都积极创设自认的办公环境提高员工的创造力。
1．D [推理判断题。据文章第一段可知19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )世纪的两座小木屋被运到了San Francisco，现在让工程师在里面工作。根据第二段The cottages could be an example of the industry's odd love affair with “low technology”，这里的low technology是指在工业化之前的技术。也就是说现代科技的大公司发现了他们需要低科技年代的自然环境来提高员工的创造力。所以才会有第一段的做法。故D正确。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office—even simple views of trees and flowers—felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying.工人们在自然状态下的办公室里工作会感觉压力更小，更加满意。再根据文章第三段第一句Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees，so that employees can “work and socialize in a more natural，park－like setting.”可知这样做会让工人感觉是在自然环境下就像是在公园里工作一样。故Low technology被认为是与自然有关的，故A正确。]
3．B [段落大意题。根据第一句T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his craft based theory is rooted in history，William Morris，the English artist and writer，turned back to pre－industrial arts in the eighteen－sixties，just after the Industrial Revolution得知英国的艺术家和作家William Morris认为工业基础理论是扎根于历史的，很多都可以追溯到18世纪60年代之后的工业革命之后的艺术理论。也就是告诉我们人类有重视艺术的传统的。故B项正确。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段内容可知很多大公司都积极创设一种自然的低技术的环境来提高员工的创造性。在根据倒数第二段第一句Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities.可知研究人们还认为自然的环境能够恢复员工的精神能力。这些都说明作者认为low technology是非常有好处的。也就是说作者对它的态度是积极的。故A正确。]
5．C [主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了之 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前的low technology对现在的高科技公司有很大作用，很多low technology可以被用来装饰办公室，来提高员工的创造性和恢复精神能力。在文章第三段里列举了多个实例，说明本文的主要内容是C项。]
【语篇解读】 许多人注意身体健康，但很少有人知道，大脑健康也可通过锻炼来提高。事实上，你可以像锻炼肌肉那样锻炼你的大脑。
6．A [主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段的首句即可判断出，A项最适合作本文的标题。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“To improve your brain，you can't simply repeat the same exercises over and over”及该段最后一句可知应选B。]
8．C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Lumosity，which employs a team of in－house neuroscientists with degrees...work with an experienced team of game designers.Together they've developed a fun，effective online brain training program”可知，选项C正确。]
9．D [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evidence suggesting that Lumosity may be beneficial to normal，healthy adults”可知，研究中的数据就是证据，答案应为D。]
10．A [文章出处题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章最后两句尤其是“There's a small fee to use the full product，or new users can start a free trial”可知应选A。]
【语篇解读】 美国当年的登月活动是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否是一场精心策划的骗局？针对一些人的质疑，美国航空航天局开始了一场行动，旨在确认事实。作者对此不屑一顾，认为是小题大做，毫无必要。
11．A [推理判断题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二段提到自从那几个人登月后，再也没有了下文；第三段则直言有人认为这是一场大骗局。由此可推断一些美国人认为登月是捏造出来的。]
12．B [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句中的内容可知应该把骗局的故事归咎于这个电视节目。]
13．D [正误判断题。根据第五段中的“Buzz Aldrin，the second man on the noon”可知D项内容正确。]
14．B [推理判断题。倒数第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的中间部分提到相信者认为航空航天局的这一行动与证明地球是圆的没有什么差别，是在浪费钱财，由此可推断他们认为这种做法愚蠢而且没有必要。]
15．A [推理判断题。最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的半部分提到美国航空航天局的这笔钱可以有更好的用途，让Neil Armstrong现身说法更有说服力，由此可推断美国航空航天局不应该为澄清怀疑者的言论而费尽周折。]
16．C [文章结构题。本文的写作笔调在最后一段体现得最为明显，结合本段中的动词drag以及最后一句的内容可知本文风格“幽默”。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（24）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时24 阅读理解文体技法(7)——人物传记类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 近年来人物传记类文章在高考阅读中占的比例有减少，但仍是高考常考的文体之一，读这类文章时应注意：
(1)把握文体特征，注意写作手法
如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。
(2)抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述。
(3)抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义。
推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。
【高考经典练】
(2014·广东卷)Samu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el Osmond is a 19－year－old law student from Cornwall，England.He never studied the piano.However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians such as Chopin and Beethoven just a few minutes after he hears them.He learns a piece of music by listening to it in parts.Then he thinks about the notes in his head.Two years ago，he played his first piece Moonlight Sonata(奏鸣曲)by Beethoven.He surprised everyone around him.
Amazed that he remem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bered this long and difficult piece of music and played it perfectly，his teachers say Samuel is unbelievable.They say his ability is very rare，but Samuel doesn't even realize that what he can do is special.Samuel wanted to become a lawyer as it was the wish of his parents，but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music.
Samuel can't underst ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and why everyone is so surprised.“I grew up with music.My mother played the piano and my father played the guitar.About two years ago，I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me —I hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，”says Samuel.
Recently，Samuel pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rformed a piece during a special event at his college.The piece had more than a thousand notes.The audience was impressed by his amazing performance.He is now learning a piece that is so difficult that many professional pianists can't play it.Samuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”
However，Samuel's abil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity to remember things doesn't stop with music.His family says that even when he was a young boy，Samuel heard someone read a story，and then he could retell the story word for word.
Samuel is still only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a teenager.He doesn't know what he wants to do in the future.For now，he is just happy to play beautiful music and continue his studies.
1．What is special about Samuel Osmond
A．He has a gift for writing music.
B．He can write down the note he hears.
C．He is a top student at the law school.
D．He can play the musical piece he hears.
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A．Samuel chose law against the wish of his parents.
B．Samuel planned to be a lawyer rather than a musician.
C．Samuel thinks of himself as a man of great musical ability.
D．Samuel studies law and music on the advice of his teachers.
3．Everyone around Samuel was surprised because he ________．
A．received a good early education in music
B．played the guitar and the piano perfectly
C．could play the piano without reading music
D．could play the guitar better than his father
4．What can we infer about Samuel in Paragraph 4
A．He became famous during a special event at his college.
B．He is proud of his ability to remember things accurately.
C．He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.
D．He impressed the audience by playing all the musical pieces.
5．Which of the following is the best title of this passage
A．The Qualities of a Musician
B．The Story of a Musical Talent
C．The Importance of Early Education
D．The Relationship between Memory and Music
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·长沙一模) In 2015， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an American will spend a year on the International Space Station(ISS) while his twin brother remains on Earth.Mark and Scott Kelly，the only twins who are also astronauts，have volunteered themselves for study creating a unique opportunity to figure out the health effects of space from those of genetics.
Last year，Scott ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Kelly was chosen to take part in the first one－year mission aboard the ISS，double the usual stay，along with Russian cosmonaut Mikhail Kornienko.Then last week NASA announced that his brother Mark would be monitored on earth throughout.
Researchers will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have access to blood and saliva(唾液) samples from both twins taken before，during and after Scott's trip to the ISS，along with assessments of their vision，sleep patterns and cardiovascular(心血管的) activity.NASA will also measure both twins' bone mass before and after the mission.
Such data could hel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p determine how genetics affects the health problems seen in space，including loss of bone and muscle mass and decline of vision，all caused by low gravity，plus an increased risk of cancer from space radiation and sleep problems while in space.
“Ideally one would nev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er have flown in space，but that's not the case，” says Charles.“The only twins we have access to are both astronauts.”
Once Scott has fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nished his year－long journey，he will have spent much more time in space than Mark，who retired in 2011.Comparing the effects of short versus long space trips could be interesting，perhaps revealing whether bone mass loss worsens with each trip.
Some may also d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elight in the fact that the Kelly study will be the strongest test yet of the twin paradox(孪生子佯谬) put forward by Albert Einstein.It states that a twin on a round－trip journey aboard a fast－moving spacecraft will return to Earth younger than the one who stayed home，thanks to relativity.The ISS orbits Earth at 7.71 kilometres per second，so Scott will age roughly 10 milliseconds less than Mark over the year.“I don't think our equipment is sensitive enough to pick up that difference，” says Charles.
1．Which of the following is NOT true of Mark and Scott Kelly
A．They have the same parents.
B．Both of them are American astronauts.
C．Both of them are of the same age.
D．Both of them will stay in the ISS for one year.
2．At present，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stronauts usually stay in the ISS for as long as about ________．
A．one week B．one month
C．six months D．one year
3．We can infer that ________．
A．neither of the twins has traveled in space
B．both of the twins have traveled in space
C．Scott Kelly looks younger than Mark Kelly
D．Scott Kelly looks older than Mark Kelly
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．Astronaut twins could reveal health effects of space.
B．American astronaut twins will get together in outer space.
C．Mark and Scott Kelly are the only twin astronauts America.
D．Evidence shows how genes affect people's health space.
B
(2015·苏州模拟)Larry was o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n another of his underwater expeditions (探险) but this time，it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.She was only ten years old.This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.
Larry first began div ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing when he was his daughter' s age.Similarly，his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions.Since then，he had never looked back.Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.They were either too big or too small.Then，there was the instructor.He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father.He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.
After the first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expedition，Larry' s later diving adventures only got better and better.There was never a dull moment.In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back，Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes，he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least，he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.
Larry' s first expedit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.Fortunately for him，a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.Larry didn'__t even know what the time was，how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.
Larry looked at his da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already，she looked like she was much braver than he had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.
5．In what way was this expedition different for Larry
A．His daughter had grown up.
B．He had become a famous diver.
C．His father would dive with him.
D．His daughter would dive with him.
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A．Larry had some privileges.
B．Larry liked the rented diving suits.
C．Divers had to buy diving equipments.
D．Ten－year－old children were permitted to dive.
7．Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes
A．To protect himself from danger.
B．To dive into the deep water.
C．To admire the underwater view.
D．To take photos more conveniently.
8．What can be learned from the underlined sentence
A．Larry didn' t wear a watch.
B．Larry was not good at math.
C．Larry had a poor memory.
D．Larry enjoyed the adventure.
9．What did Larry expect his daughter to do
A．Become a successful diver.
B．Make a good diving guide.
C．Take a lot of photos underwater.
D．Have longer hours of training.
C
(2015·杭州联谊学校二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次联考)For many people，particularly immigrants，the American Dream is that talent and hard work can take you from log cabin to the White House.Tony Trivisonno did not rise as high as the White House，yet he managed to make his own dream come true.
He came from a farm in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Italy.One evening I found him standing behind my garage.
“I mow (割草) your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lawn，” he said.It was hard to comprehend his broken English.
I asked him his nam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e.“Tony Trivisonno，” he replied.“I mow your lawn.” I told Tony that I couldn't afford a gardener.
“I mow your lawn，” he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )said again，then walked away.Yes，these Depression days were difficult，but how could I refuse a person who had come to me for help
When I got home fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m work the next evening，the lawn had been mowed and the walks swept.I asked my wife what had happened.
“A man had work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed on the yard，” she answered.“I thought you had hired him.”
I told her of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my experience the night before.We thought it strange that Tony had not asked for pay.
The next Friday，I saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tony again，behind the garage.I praised him for the work he had done.
“I mow your lawn，” he said.
I managed to give hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m some kind of small weekly pay，and each day Tony cleaned up the yard and took care of any little tasks.My wife said he was very helpful whenever there were anything heavy to lift or things to fix.
Summer passed i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto fall，and winds blew cold.“Mr.Craw，snow pretty soon，” Tony told me one evening.“When winter comes，you give me job clearing snow at the factory.”
Well，how do you deal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with such determination and hope Of course，Tony got his job at the factory.
One day I fou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd Tony at our meeting place behind the garage.“I want to be apprentice (学徒)，” he said.
We had a pretty g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood apprentice school that trained workers.But I doubted whether Tony were able to read blueprints or do precision work.Still，how could I turn him down
Tony took a cut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in pay to become an apprentice.Months later，I got a report that he had graduated as a skilled grinder (磨工)．My wife and I were delighted with what Tony had achieved.
A year or two pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed，and again I found Tony in his usual waiting place.“Mr.Craw，” he said，“I like to buy a house.” In the town，he had found a completely old house for sale.
I called on a banker f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riend.“Do you ever loan money on character？”I asked.“No，” he said.
“Now，wait a m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inute，” I replied.“Here is a hard－working man，a man of character，I can promise you that.He's got a good job.And he will pay your interest.”
Unwillingly，the ban ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ker loaned Tony $2，000 and helped him buy the house.Tony was delighted.From then on，it was interesting to see that any abandoned odds and ends around our place were gathered and taken home by Tony.
After about t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo years，I found Tony in our familiar meeting spot.He seemed to stand a little straighter and looked confident.
“Mr.Craw，I sell the house and buy a farm.”
We sat down and t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alked.He told me that he had persuaded his childhood friend to move to America.With a satisfied look in his eye，he told me that when they came to his little farm，his friend stood in amazement and said，“Tony，you are a millionaire！”
Then，during the World ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) War Ⅱ，news came from my company that Tony had passed away.
When my people c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame to visit his family，they found the farm green with vegetables，the little house comfortable and homey.The children were educated and working，and Tony didn't owe a cent.
Tony，as well as all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the greatest American businessmen，had reached their success in the same way and by the same values: vision，determination，optimism，self－respect and，above all，honesty.
Tony Trivisonno c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame to America seeking the American Dream.But he didn't find it—he created it for himself.All he had were 24 precious hours a day，and he wasted none of them.
10．Why did Tony repeat “I mow your lawn”？
A．He was determined to get a chance to work.
B．He asked for pay for his excellent gardening.
C．He thought he was good at gardening.
D．He was ready to help others out.
11．Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing sentences brought out Tony's character of honesty
A．Tony was very helpfu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l whenever there were anything heavy to lift or things to fix.
B．Tony took a cut in pay to become an apprentice.
C．Any abandoned o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dds and ends around our place were gathered and taken home by Tony.
D．The children wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e educated and hard－working，and Tony didn't owe a cent.
12．What did th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e author mean by saying “Do you ever loan money on character”？
A．He was asking the banker the way the banks loan money to people.
B．He thought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a determined and diligent man should get a loan despite poverty.
C．He was begging the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) banker to help Tony for the sake of their personal relation.
D．He supposed a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an should be given to people according to their characters.
13．The fact th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at Tony sold his house and bought a farm indicated that Tony is a man of ________．
A．vision B．optimism
C．self－respect D．determination
14．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The author refused T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ony's offer of mowing the lawn when they first met.
B．The author didn't pay Tony for his cleaning up the yard.
C．The author doubted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Tony's being a good apprentice due to his poor education.
D．The banker loaned Tony $2，000 because he believed Tony was honest.
15．Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage
A．How to achieve the American Dream
B．Italian immigrants' life in America
C．Tony Trivisonno's American Dream
D．Honesty and determination make success
参考答案
课时24 阅读理解文体技法(7)——人物传记类
高考经典练
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，记述了Samuel Osmond一个音乐天才的人物故事。
1．D [事实细节题。由第一段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的However，he can play very difficult musical pieces by musicians...可知，故选D项。]
2．D [事实细节题。由第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段最后两句“but music teachers told him he should study music instead.Now，he studies law and music”可知选D。]
3．C [事实细节题。由第三段最一句S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amuel can't understand why everyone is so surprised和第三、四句“I suddenly decided to start playing the piano，without being able to read music and without having any lessons.It comes easily to me...each and every note”可知，他不用看音符就能弹钢琴，故选C项。]
4．C [推理判断题。由第四段最后一句S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amuel says confidently，“It's all about super memory—I guess I have that gift.”可推出。]
5．B [主旨大意题。每段都有Samuel，全文都是说学法律的Samuel有音乐天才。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mark Kelly和Scott Kelly是一对双胞胎宇航员，目前，他们志愿将自己作为“小白鼠”，进行太空试验研究。
1．D [考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句可知，双胞胎兄弟中只有一人参加了为期一年的国际空间站的任务，另一人留在地球上。]
2．C [考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Scott Kelly was chosen to take part in the first one－year mission aboard the ISS，double the usual stay”可知，目前宇航员待在国际空间站的时间通常为半年左右。]
3．B [考查推理判断。根据第五段可以判断这对双胞胎宇航员都有太空旅行的经历。]
4．A [考查主旨大意。本文主要讲一对双胞胎宇航员参加一项太空试验研究，这项试验从基因学角度分析太空环境如何影响人体健康状况。]
【语篇解读】 本文用倒叙的手法叙述了著名的潜水员Larry的潜水经历，以及他带着女儿继续家庭的传统继续潜水的故事。
5．D [推理判断题。根据文章一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、二行Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions (探险) but this time，it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.可知这次潜水最大的不同是Larry会带着他的女儿一起下水。故D正确。]
6．A [推理判断题。根据第二段后两 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to dive.可知在别的孩子不被允许潜水的时候，Larry已经被允许和父亲去潜水，说明他享有特权。故A正确。]
7．A [推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第三段后两行Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes，he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least，he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures可知一些危险的地方也没有能够阻止他去探险，有些地方很危险，他们需要在笼子里，以保护自己不受到危险的侵害。说明把他放在水下的笼子里是为了保护他不受危险的侵害。故A正确。]
8．D [推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本句Larry didn' t even know what the time was，how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.他甚至不知道自己曾经到过多少水下的地方，不知道之间潜水了多长时间，不知道自己拍摄了多少照片。可知他很享受自己的水下探险，到了忘我的境界。故D正确。]
9．A [推理判断题。根据文章最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段一、二行Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.可知他希望女儿能够继续家庭的传统。他的父亲是一名潜水员，他也是。那么他也希望自己的女儿也成为一名成功的潜水员。故A正确。]
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。意大利人Tony移民美国之后，用他的勤劳、智慧和坚韧一步一个脚印地实现了他的“美国梦”。
10．A [考查细节理解。初到美国的To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny一直想先找一份工作，作为他在美国立足的起点。当碰到作者时，他用他蹩脚的英语一直重复着“I mow your lawn”，目的就在于从作者这里得到一份零工。故答案选A。]
11．D [考查细节理解。Tony去世 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后，作者的属下去Tony的农场吊唁时发现，Tony的一双儿女都接受了良好的教育且工作体面。而且，直至Tony去世，他没有欠别人一分钱。由此可以看出，Tony是个守信之人。故答案选D。]
12．B [考查推理判断。作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者为了帮助Tony贷款买房子而向银行家朋友求助。由于Tony当时还是个穷光蛋，银行理应不会给他贷款。所以，作者质问道：“Do you ever loan money on character？(你们愿意以人的优良品格作担保提供贷款吗？)”之后，作者又说道：“Here is a hard－working man，a man of character，I can promise you that.(我这儿有个勤劳踏实的伙计)”。由此可以推测，作者说这句话的意思是，银行应该贷款给勤劳坚韧的人，尽管他很穷。故答案选B。]
13．A [考查推理判断。从文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一部分可以看出，Tony在没钱的情况下向银行贷款买了房子，之后又变卖房产，买了一个农场，并劝服儿时的伙伴来美国同他一起经营农场，最终成了一个富翁。由此可以看出，Tony在实现“美国梦”的过程中，有前瞻的眼光(vision)。]
14．C [考查细节理解。文中有一处细节可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以表明Tony在意大利时并没有接受过很好的教育：Tony讲的是蹩脚的英语(英语句子时态都不正确)。所以，作者说：I doubted whether Tony were able to read blueprints or do precision work.(我怀疑他能否看得懂设计图纸，能否胜任精密加工。)]
15．C [考查主旨大意。文章主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要讲述了意大利人Tony移民美国之后，用他的勤劳、智慧和坚韧一步一个脚印地实现了自己的“美国梦”。另外，文章第一段开头介绍了“什么是‘美国梦’”，第一段结尾又点明了主旨。由此可知，“美国梦”是贯穿全文的线索。综上所述，C选项符合题意。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（23）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时23 阅读理解文体技法(6)——社会生活类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 社会生活类阅读文章在高考中的出 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )现频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象、生活经历、饮食与健康、休闲与娱乐、旅游、生态旅游、服装、住房等等内容。读这类文章时应注意：
(1)读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致。
(2)找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。
(3)巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如NOT或except等词时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。
【高考经典练】
(2015·湖北卷，B) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn't a prerequisite for a modern grow－your－own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume.
Loe is a master foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d preserver，gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.
Loe initially ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )went to school to become an engineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor，” she said.Engineer by day，Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple how to live farm－fresh without a farm.”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)？Plant some herbs.A window？Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs，she recommends，because “they're very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level.”she added.“I think it's a great place to start.”Then？Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.
Canning is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) natural extension of the planting she does.With every planted food，Loe noted，there's a moment when it's bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar.”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what's in your food，knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore in touch with the food she's eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture．” she said，“that if we don't take care of the earth，no one will.”
1．The underlined wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd “prerequisite”(Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．recipe B．substitute
C．requirement D．challenge
2．Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs
A．They are used daily.
B．They are easy to grow.
C．They can grow very tall.
D．They can be eaten uncooked.
3．According to Loe，what is the benefit of canning her planted foods
A．It can preserve their best flavor.
B．It can promote her online sales.
C．It can better her cooking skills.
D．It can improve their nutrition.
4．What is the “the big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ger picture”(Para .6) that Loe wishes her children to understand
A．The knowledge about good food.
B．The way to live a grow－our－own life.
C．The joy of getting in touch with foods.
D．The responsibility to protect our earth.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
I have only o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce been in trouble with the law.The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time，but it makes a good story now.What made it rather disturbing was the arbitrary (随意的) circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent (随后的) fate in court.
It happened i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n February about twelve years ago.I had left school a couple of months before that and was still living at home at the time.
One morning I was in R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ichmond，a suburb of London near where I lived.I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry，I was taking my time，looking in shop windows，strolling in the park，and sometimes just stopping and looking around me.It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.
It was about half pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t eleven when it happened.I was just walking out of the local library，having unsuccessfully sought employment there，when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me.I thought he was going to ask me the time.Instead，he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me.At first I thought it was some kind of joke.
But then another poli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceman appeared，this time in uniform，and I was left in no doubt.
“But what for？” I asked.
“Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence，” he said.
“What offence？” I asked.
“Theft，” he said.
“Theft of what？” I asked.
“Milk bottles，” he said，and with a perfectly straight face too!
“Oh，” I said.
It turned out that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere had been a lot of petty thefts in the area，particularly stealing milk bottles from doorsteps.
Then I made my big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) mistake.At the time I was nineteen，had long untidy hair.I wanted to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident，so I said “How long have you been following me？” in the most casual and conversational tone I could manage.I appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation，and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable (名誉不好的) character.
A few minutes later a police car arrived.
“Get in the back，” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they said.“put your hands on the back of the front seat and don't move them.”
They got in on either side of me.It wasn't funny any more.
At the police ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) station they questioned me for several hours.I continued to try to look worldly and familiar with the situation.When they asked me what I had been doing，I told them I'd been looking for a job.“Unemployed，” they said.
Eventually，I was of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ficially charged and told to report to Richmond Magistrates' Court on the following Monday.Then they let me go.
I wanted to conduct m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y own defense in court，but as soon as my father found out what had happened，he hired a very good solicitor (律师)．We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses，including my English teacher from school as a character witness.But he was never called on to give evidence.My “trial” didn't get that far.The magistrate (法官) dismissed the case after fifteen minutes.I was free.The poor police had never stood a chance.
And so I do not have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a criminal record.But what was most shocking at the time was the thing that I released from the charge so clearly.I had the “right” accent，respectable middle－class parents in court，reliable witnesses，and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor.I feel sure that if I had come from a different background，and had really been unemployed，there was every chance that I would have been found guilty.
Just outside the co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urtroom，one of the policemen who had arrested me was gloomily complaining to my mother that another youngster had been turned against the police.“You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you，” he said to me reproachfully (责备地)．
What did he mean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Probably that I should have looked outraged (暴怒) and said something like，“Look here，do you know who you're talking to I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record.How dare you arrest me ！” Then they，probably，would have apologized perhaps even taken off their caps，and let me on my way.
1．Judging from the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst paragraph，the author's attitude towards his story is ________．
A．angry
B．sad
C．amused
D．more than just one of the above
2．The first man who came up to the author was ________．
A．a uniformed policeman
B．a policeman in plain clothes
C．not a policeman
D．a good joker
3．The court n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever asked the author's English teacher to give evidence because ________．
A．the time for the trial was limited to fifteen minutes only
B．the author wanted to conduct his own defense in court
C．the case was dismissed before the trial reached that stage
D．he was found to be unqualified as a character witness
4．The author be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieves that he would most probably have been declared guilty if ________．
A．the magistrate had been less gentle
B．he had really been out of work
C．he had been born in a middle－class family
D．the policemen had showed more evidence
5．In the opi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nion of one of the policemen who had arrested the author，the whole thing might not have occurred if ________．
A．the author had reacted strongly to the arrest at the time
B．the author had begged to be allowed to go home
C．the author hadn't wandered aimlessly
D．the author had tried to look cool
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．The author was arrested because of stealing milk bottles.
B．The author wrote this passage when he was 31 years old.
C．The policemen had charged the author twice.
D．The policemen had realized their faults.
B
At first sight，Toronto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s newly opened “Signs” restaurant appears like any other casual dining establishment.However，the difference starts to become apparent as soon as diners walk in and the host or hostess welcomes them using American Sign Language (ASL)．That trend continues throughout the meal as everyone communicates only through hand gestures.
In case you are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wondering，the restaurant that opened its doors in July 2014，is not trying to establish a new craze(时尚)，but simply allowing their staff to interact the only way they can.That's because most of the restaurant employees are deaf.
The brainchild of A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )njan Manikumar，Signs is the first restaurant of its kind in Canada.Anjan Manikumar says he was inspired by a deaf customer who went to a pizzeria(匹萨饼店) that he once managed frequently.Since none of the employees knew sign language，the customer was forced to place his order，by pointing at the items on the menu.To make him feel more welcome，Anjan learnt some basic ASL words like “hello” and “enjoy”．This made the customer so happy that he returned the following day with a deaf friend.This led Anjan to wonder if there was more that could be done for these people and the idea of Signs was born.Anjan says that the restaurant provides a comfortable dining environment for both the deaf，as well as，normal customers interested in learning or practicing their ASL skills.
In order to serv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e people who are not familiar with sign language，the restaurant has created menus with the appropriate gestures next to each item.A cheat sheet (备忘单) also allows diners to convey any special dietary needs they may have.In addition，photographs on the walls explain signs for common words that may be helpful—things like how to order standard alcoholic drinks.Not surprisingly，the locals seem to be interested in the idea，who are flocking(聚集) to Signs.
7．What do you know about “Signs”？
A．It is the first restaurant for the disabled in Toronto，Canada.
B．All the custome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs of the restaurant are good at practising hand gestures.
C．It only serves people who are familiar with sign language.
D．Everyone communicates only through hand gestures in the restaurant.
8．What made Anjan Manikumar think up the idea of setting up “Signs”？
A．The request of the local deaf people.
B．The new craze for special restaurants.
C．The experience of serving a deaf man.
D．The sympathy and mercy for the deaf.
9．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A. the restaurant is popular with the local people
B．the Signs' owner Anjan Manikumar is also deaf
C．the deaf are usually looked down upon in Canada
D．more restaurants will be built for the deaf in Canada
10．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________．
A．the measures “Signs” takes to provide good service
B．the efficient ways of attracting customers
C．tips on how to teach people sign language
D．how to communicate with the deaf people
C
The coolest th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing that I have ever experienced happened recently on a flight home.I had been out of town for work and had a very busy week，but I was tired and ready to be home.I had a four－hour flight home and like so many others，got on the plane hoping that I wouldn't have somebody sitting next to me，but I soon saw a man dressed in his military clothes heading in my direction.When I realized that his seat was next to mine，I felt very bad about wishing I had an empty seat! As I think about it now，it could have meant so many things; I am so glad the seat next to me was taken by him!
We didn't talk muc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h on the way，but when we got closer to Utah and started to see snow on the mountains，he leaned over to me and looked out of the window.He said to me，“The snow never changes，does it？” I said，“No，it sure doesn't.” And at the same time I was thinking I had never been so glad to see snow in my life at that time; I wanted off that plane! We landed and started getting off when an older woman who was sitting next to us in the aisle (过道) seat asked him if he was staying in Salt Lake or if he had to change planes.He replied with，“No，I am home for good.” One thing led to another and I found out the fact that he had been in Iraq and was coming home.That really put things into perspective(观点)．
I didn't know h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow long he had stayed in Iraq，but as we got off the plane，I leaned over，put my hand on his backpack and told him，“Welcome home.” He said “Thank you” to me and went on his way.I was so proud to have such an opportunity to tell a stranger “welcome home”．My grandfather had fought in World War Ⅱ and I thought about that all the way out of the airport.What would that have been like for him when coming back home to my grandmother How would it be different back then than now I remembered seeing the letters from my grandmother to him literally sealed(密封) with her lipstick from a kiss.In a way that memory made this experience much more personal.
We walked fair ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly close to each other until we got to baggage claim.I walked down the stairs right before him and got to see his entire family，complete with flowers，balloons and signs.They cheered up as he walked down the stairs and his mother ran to him with her eyes full of tears.As I watched in awe，I had my own tears in my eyes.I watched them celebrate for a few minutes until my boss met up with me and we walked over to baggage claim.
I went home and cried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) myself to sleep that night.Not from sadness，but from being so thankful for what I had experienced.I got to see a soldier coming home from Iraq.It can't get any more amazing than that.
11．What did the author hope to do when she got on the plane
A．She hoped to have an aisle seat.
B．She hoped to enjoy the flight alone.
C．She hoped to talk to others on the way.
D．She hoped to have a good sleep on the way.
12．Why did the author's plane stop in Utah
A．There was something wrong with the plane.
B．The bad weather stopped the plane from flying.
C．The passengers wanted to see snow on the mountains.
D．It was a transfer airport and some passengers got off the plane.
13．The author realized the man was flying to the same city ________．
A．before they got on the same plane
B．when the old woman talked to the man
C．after the man told her his experience in Iraq
D．when they talked about the snow on the mountains
14．The author mention ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed her grandfather's experience in order to ________．
A．show her respect to the man
B．have mercy on her grandfather
C．explain why she greeted the man
D．show her grandparents' great love
15．Why did the author fall asleep full of tears that night
A．Because she was moved by the man's family.
B．Because she felt sad for the man's experience.
C．Because she felt grateful to meet this soldier.
D．Because she was badly blamed by her boss.
参考答案
课时23 阅读理解文体技法(6)——社会生活类
高考经典练
【语篇解读】 自给自足不一定有大农场。Loe和家人种植、罐装、存储他们消费的食物。
1．C [猜测词义题。Theresa Loe的所作所为证实一个大农场并不是现代化的自给自足生活方式的必要条件，即要求，选C。]
2．B [细节理解题。由第四段anybody can do this anywhere.可知，很容易种植。]
3．A [推理判断题。由第五段There ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s a moment when it is bursting with its absolute peak flavor.迸发出极佳的味道。由此可知，罐装食品能够保存极佳的味道。]
4．D [推理判断题。tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t引导同位语从句，if we don't take care of the earth，no one will。解释、说明先行词the bigger picture，说明保护地球的责任。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了作者因误会而被警察抓走，但最后无罪释放的故事。
1．D [观点态度题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段中的“The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time，but it makes a good story now”可知，作者对自己的故事既感到伤心，又感到庆幸。故答案为D项。]
2．B [细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第五段“But then another policeman appeared，this time in uniform，and I was left in no doubt”可知，第一个来到作者面前的警察并没有穿警服。故答案为B项。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )My ‘trial’ didn't get that far.The magistrate (法官) dismissed the case after fifteen minutes”可知，作者的英语老师没有出庭作证的原因是还没到他出庭作证的时候，作者就已经被释放了。]
4．B [细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后一句话可知，如果作者真的是失业的话，那么他很可能会被判有罪。故答案为B项。]
5．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果作者当时反应激烈的话，他就不会被抓走。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) happened in February about twelve years ago”和倒数第十段中的“At the time I was nineteen”可推知，作者写这篇文章时已经31岁了。故选B项。]
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了加拿大多伦多市一家新开的手势语餐厅。
7．D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在这家餐厅，每个人都只能通过手势语来交流。]
8．C [细节理解题。根据第三段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容可知，是Anjan Manikumar一次招待一位聋人的经历让他产生了创建“Signs”这个只能通过手势语交流的餐厅的。]
9．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Not surprisingly，the locals seem to be interested in the idea，who are flocking to Signs.”可知，当地人对这家餐厅感兴趣，聚集到这里来。由此可知，这家餐厅很受当地人的欢迎。]
10．A [段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，这家餐厅采取了很多措施来为顾客提供更好的服务。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者回家时，碰巧跟一位从伊拉克回家的士兵邻座，作者为拥有这样一次经历而感动。
11．B [考查细节理解。从第一段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I had a four－hour flight home and like so many others，got on the plane hoping that I wouldn't have somebody sitting next to me”可知，作者希望自己一个人坐，这样就可以独自享受四个小时的旅程了，故选B项。]
12．D [考查细节理解。从第二段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“We landed and started getting off when an older woman who was sitting next to us in the aisle (过道) seat asked him if he was staying in Salt Lake or if he had to change planes.”可知，Utah是中转站，有部分乘客要在那里下飞机，故选D项。]
13．B [考查推理判断。从第二段中的“H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e replied with，“No，I am home for good.” One thing led to another and I found out the fact that he had been in Iraq and was coming home.”可知，答案选B项。]
14．C [考查推理判断。从第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段中的“In a way that memory made this experience much more personal.”可知，作者提到她爷爷的经历目的是解释她为什么向这位士兵打招呼，故选C项。]
15．C [考查细节理解。从最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段中的“Not from sadness，but from being so thankful for what I had experienced.I got to see a soldier coming home from Iraq.”可知，作者是对见到这位士兵，有这样的一次经历而心怀感激，故选C项。]【浙江名师点睛】2016高考英语二轮全程练习3--（25）及解析答案
阅读理解技法与文体演练课时25 阅读理解文体技法(8)——生态、环保类
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 “人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，生态环保类话题的文章也越来越多地出现在高考试题中。
解答生态环保类题目时，在理解文章的基础上，要重点突破归纳主旨大意技能，因为推断是以整体理解为基础的能力。那么，怎样归纳主旨大意？
(1)寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：找 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出每小段的主题句。主题句通常有这样的特点：①有一个话题(topic)；②有阐述控制性概念(controlling idea)，偶尔也可在一段中间；③有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中。这就需要读者进一步加工概括了。
(2)寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上。
应观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔写的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心大意来安排的。
【高考经典练】
(2015·四川卷，D) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day，British－based researchers say.
David Domino ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock，leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni，who is pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns，said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab，it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light，the more active they are at night.
He told people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a conference，“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output，there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal．Dr Dominoni said，“In Glasgow where I live，gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls？’．During the breeding(繁殖)season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”
Although Dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However，some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
1．According to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dr Dominoni's study，what caused robins to sing so much
A．The breeding season.
B．The light in modern life.
C．The dangerous environment.
D．The noise from heavy machinery.
2．What is the re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )searchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output
A．The environment might be polluted.
B．The birds' health might be damaged.
C．The industry cost might be increased.
D．The people's hearing might be affected.
3．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Active at night.
B．Inactive at night.
C．Active during the day.
D．Inactive during the day.
4．Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments
A．Because there are fewer dangers.
B．Because there is more food to eat.
C．Because there is less light pollution.
D．Because there are more places to take shelter.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
Recycling programs u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sually give new life to materials like paper，metal，plastic and glass.But a program in the eastern America is recycling shellfish to help the Chesapeake Bay.
Oysters(牡蛎)is know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to help clean the water.Besides，generation upon generation of oysters form reefs，which provide homes for fish and crabs.
Oysters are a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tradition in the Chesapeake.They are good for the bay.But environmental damage and too much harvesting have cut the oyster population there.
An organization c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alled the Oyster Recovery Partnership started the recycling program earlier this year.Baby oysters need to attach themselves to a shell or other hard surface as they grow.Scientists are using recycled shells as part of an oyster reproduction (繁殖)program.More than 15 restaurants，seafood dealers and other businesses have joined the Oyster Recovery Partnership.Maryland and Virginia are also taking part in the program.
One of the restau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rants involved is in Washington.Oysters are a specialty at the Old Ebbitt Grill.Its manager Christian Guidi says they serve about 1500 to 3000 oysters a day and that obviously does create a lot of shells.
But the restaurant n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o longer throws away all those shells.The Oyster Recovery Partnership takes them away for recycling.
First the shells ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get washed.Then they go to the Center for Environmental Science at the University of Maryland for further processing.
The shells are placed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in tanks with hundreds of millions of oyster larvae(幼虫)．In this way，the baby oysters can be raised until they have grown big enough to be moved to the Chesapeake.
This year，the Oy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster Recovery Partnership helped produce and plant more than 450 million baby oysters in the bay.
Don Meritt hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds the oyster recovery program at the University of Maryland.He says the goal is not just to increase the oyster population.Their real goal is to try to restore healthy oysters to the Chesapeake Bay so that they can help restore a healthy Chesapeake Bay.
1．What causes the number of oysters to drop in the Chesapeake Bay
A．Too much rain. B．Water pollution.
C．Hot weather. D．Overfishing.
2．What did the Old Ebbitt Grill do with the shells in the past
A．It collected all the shells.
B．It threw the shells away.
C．It sold the shells as waste.
D．It poured the shells into the sea.
3．Why are shells placed in tanks with oyster larvae
A．To help them to grow.
B．To provide more nutrition.
C．To make the tank like sea.
D．To serve as homes for them.
4．What can we learn from the text
A．Recycled shells can improve the environment.
B．The number of oysters has increased in the bay.
C．The oysters are popular in cities like Washington.
D．The oyster recovery program needs more support.
5．The purpose of the oyster recovery program is to ________．
A．keep more oyster larvae in the tanks near the sea
B．recycle more animal waste for the Chesapeake Bay
C．restore the normal ecology of the Chesapeake Bay
D．increase the number of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay
B
(2015·南通一模) A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntarctic krill(南极磷虾) are usually less than 6 cm in length but their size belies(与……不符) the major role they play in sustaining much of the life in the Southern Ocean.They are the primary food sources for many species of whales，seals，penguins and fish.Krill are known to be sensitive to sea temperature，especially in the areas where they grow as adults.This has prompted scientists to try to understand how they might respond to the effects of further climate change.
Using statistica ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l models，a team of researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Plymouth Marine Laboratory assessed the likely impact of projected (预期的) temperature increases on the Weddell Sea，Scotia Sea and southern Drake Passage.This region is known for its abundance of krill and has experienced sea surface warming of as much as 1 ℃ over fifty years.Projections suggest this could rise by another 1 ℃ by the end of the 21st century.
The models are based o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n equations which link krill growth，sea surface temperature，and food availability.An analysis of the results，published this week in the online journal PLOS ONE，suggests warming，if it continued，could reduce the area of growth habitat by up to 20%.
In the early li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fe stages，krill require deep water with low acidity and a narrow range of temperatures for their eggs to successfully hatch and develop.The larvae then feed on algae on the underside of sea ice.
The adults r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )equire suitable temperatures and enough of the right type of food (larger phytoplankton) to successfully grow and reproduce.Many of these critical environmental features (temperature，acidity，sea ice and food availability) could be affected by climate change.
The projecte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d effects of warming are not evenly (均匀地) spread.The island of South Georgia is located within the area likely to be worst affected.Here the reduction in krill habitat could be as much as 55%.The island is home to a range of animals such as fur seals and macaroni penguins that depend upon krill，and others，such as black－browed albatrosses，which eat substantial amounts of krill as well as fish and squid.The researchers say animals which don't travel far to forage，such as fur seals，would be most affected by the projected changes.
Krill are also being c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ommercially fished，although there is nothing to suggest current levels are unsustainable (不可持续的)．In fact，at less than 1% of estimated biomass，catches are much lower than most other commercial fisheries.
But the Antarc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tic krill fishery took 68% of its total catch between 1980 and 2011 from the area of projected habitat degradation.The scientists suggest improved management systems to ensure the fisheries take into account both growing demand for catches and climate change.
Lead author， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dr.Simeon Hill，a marine biologist at BAS，said，“Each year，growth of Antarctic krill in the Southern Ocean produces new material that weighs twice as much as all the sugar produced in the world.Krill grow fastest in cold water and any warming can slow down or stop growth，reducing the food available for wildlife.Our research suggests that expected warming this century could severely reduce the area in which krill can successfully grow.”
Although there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is evidence that warming seas pose a threat to Antarctic krill habitats，the team of researchers believe this can be mitigated with effective fisheries management systems in place.
6．According to Par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )agraph 1，________ has caused scientists to try to understand krill's response to the effects of further climate change.
A．krill's role in sustaining life
B．the small size of krill
C．krill's sensitivity to sea temperature
D．the reduction in krill habitat
7．The models Britis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h researchers used were based on the statistical information of the following EXCEPT ________．
A．krill growth
B．acidity
C．surface temperature
D．food availability
8．The area around th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e island of South Georgia would experience ________ if warming continued.
A．a loss of krill habitat
B．an increase in sea animals
C．an abundance of food
D．a boom in krill fishery
9．Which of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following diagrams shows the correct relationship between global warming，food availability，krill habitat，and Antarctic wildlife
(Note: the sign “→” refers to “affect”)
A．food availability→global warming→krill habitat→Antarctic wildlife
B．Antarctic wildlife→global warming→krill habitat→food availability
C．global warming→krill habitat→food availability→Antarctic wildlife
D．krill habitat→food availability→global warming→Antarctic wildlife
10．In which of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e following magazines will you most probably find this article
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YAY！Japan's Rare Black Amami Rabbits No Longer Endangered!
After many ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars on the endangered list of animals，Japan's Amami rabbit can finally breathe a sigh of relief—that's because this year，the rare animal is no longer in danger of dying out!
The effort to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )save the dark－furred rabbit often referred to as a living fossil began in 1921，when the Japanese government promoted it to the status of “natural monument”．This meant that it could not be hunted down for food.However，when that did not work，it got yet another promotion to “special natural monument”，which meant that the rabbit could not be trapped or hunted.
While that hel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ped，it was not enough—by 2004 with only between 2，000～5，000 specimens(样本) left in the wild，the Amami rabbit was officially declared endangered! The reason for the severe population decline was attributed to loss of habitat caused by forest clearing for home and agriculture use and the introduction of a new invasive species not native to the island—mongoose(獴)．Brought in to get rid of the snake population，the animals instead seemed to prefer the black rabbit.In 2005，the government issued a strict mongoose capture order and slowly but surely，the rabbits started to come back.
The rabbit live ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a rather unusual lifestyle.Its ideal habitat is a forest that features both trees and large grasses—the former to find acorns(橡实) to feed on and the latter，to hide its babies.That's because to protect them from being eaten by predators，the Amami rabbit buries them deep into the ground among the grasses and covers them up with dirt during the day.Then in the middle of the night still keeping a vigilant eye out for predators，it digs them out from their hiding place and feeds them.No wonder the animal is sometimes referred to as “midnight rabbit”．
Though many measu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )res have been taken to stop this furry treasure from being wiped out from the world，there are many more that are still in danger.We sure hope that officials in other parts of the world try their best to save the endangered species.
11．The status of “natural monument” in Para.2 means ________．
A．you can't kill the dark－furred rabbit
B．you can't capture the dark－furred rabbit
C．you can't hunt the dark－furred rabbit for food
D．you can't trap or hunt the dark－furred rabbit
12．Why was the rabbi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t still in danger after it was promoted to “special natural monument”？
A．Because it was always eaten by snakes.
B．Because people still wanted to capture it for food.
C．Because the rabbit lived a rather unusual lifestyle.
D．Because of loss of habitat and a new invasive species.
13．Large grasses in the rabbit's ideal habitat are used ________．
A．to provide food for the rabbit
B．to protect the babies
C．to hide the rabbit
D．to give birth to babies
14．Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing words can replace the underlined word in Para.4 in the passage
A．watchful B．good
C．fearful D．shiny
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Many officials don't pay attention to rare species.
B．Rare black Amami rabbits are no longer endangered.
C．Saving the endangered species has a long way to go.
D．The measures taken to protect the rabbit were in vain.
参考答案
课时25 阅读理解文体技法(8)——生态、环保类
高考经典练
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项调查研究的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。
1．B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 Da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vid Dominoni，of Glasgow University，said that light from street lamps，take away signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clock，leading to them being wide awake 可知选择B。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第四段的Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.可知，唱歌唱的越多，就会损耗更多的能量，故选择B。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，即晚上很兴奋。]
4．A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。]
能力提升练
【语篇解读】 美国的科学家正在研究回收并利用牡蛎壳，希望能帮助恢复切萨皮克湾的生态环境。
1．D [细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，切萨皮克湾牡蛎数量减少的原因是环境被破坏和过度捕捞。]
2．B [推理判断题。根据第五、六段可知，过去在Old Ebbitt Grill里牡蛎壳被当做垃圾扔掉了。]
3．A [推理判断题。第四段中谈到牡蛎幼虫在成长过程中需要依附在硬壳上，由此可推断把牡蛎壳放在水池里的目的是帮助牡蛎幼虫成长。]
4．A [根据文章内容可知，回收利用牡蛎壳，有助于恢复切萨皮克湾的生态环境。]
5．C [根据文章的最后一段可知，科学家提出的回收利用牡蛎壳的最终目的是恢复切萨皮克湾的生态环境。]
【语篇解读】 海洋水温的上升导致南极磷虾的栖息地锐减，南极磷虾数量下降，南极海洋生物的食物减少，必将影响全球的食物链。
6．C [细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一段中“Krill are known to be sensitive to sea temperature，especially in the areas where they grow as adults.This has prompted scientists to try to understand how they might respond to the effects of further climate change”可知，答案为C。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，答案为B。]
8．A [细节理解题。根据第六段的内容可知，水温升高会使南极磷虾的栖息地减少。故答案为A。]
9．C [推理判断题。结合文章可知，海水温度上升导致磷虾栖息地减少，从而影响南极的可用食物，最终导致南极海洋动物的减少。故答案为C。]
10．D [推理判断题。纵观全文，本文应属于科普说明文范畴，因此很有可能刊登在Nature杂志上。故答案为D。]
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。奄美兔是仅生活在日本的一种濒危动物，在政府采取多项措施以后，这种局面才得以缓解。此外，奄美兔有着一种特殊的生活方式，对其栖息地要求较高。
11．C [细节理解题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )由第二段中的“This meant that it could not be hunted down for food.”可知答案。]
12．D [细节理解题。由第三段可知，由于栖息地减少和外来物种獴的捕食，奄美兔仍然濒临灭绝。]
13．B [细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，草地是用来隐藏小兔以保护它们的。]
14．A [词义猜测题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )由画线词所在句以及前文可知，在夜里，奄美兔对捕食者保持警惕，以免让它们发现小兔的藏身地。vigilant在此表示“警惕的”，故选A。]
15．C [推理判断题。由最后一段可推知，还 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有许多濒危动物需要保护，作者呼吁各地政府行动起来，去保护好这些珍贵动物，这说明要做的工作还有很多，这是一项长期的工作。]
