Unit 3 The art of painting Grammar and usage & Integrated skills—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.The energy it gave to the room was _____(inspire) and uplifting.
2.The situation here is _____(encourage) and we are encouraged.
3.Her parents were so _____(please) to get the news that she won the prize.
4.The police have stepped up their search for the boy who went _____(miss) three days ago.
5.We got a little _____(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
6.The purpose of education is __________(develop) a fine personality in children.
7.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ________(disappoint).
8.He was _____(worry) about his worrying son.
9.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________(challenge).
10.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________(connect).
二、阅读理解
Jason M. Allen was almost too nervous to enter his first art competition. Now, his award-winning image is stirring up debates about whether art can be generated by a computer, and what, exactly, it means to be an artist.
In August 2022, Allen, a 39-year-old game designer who lives in Pueblo West, Colorado, won first place in the "digital arts/digitally-operated photography" category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. His winning image, titled Thé tre D'opéra Spatial(《太空歌剧院》), was made with Midjourney—an artificial intelligence system that can produce detailed images when fed written prompts.
Allen's winning image looks like a bright cross between a classic and modern painting. It's one of three such images he entered in the competition. Allen posted excitedly about his win on Midjourney's Discord server on August 25, along with pictures of his three entries; it spread quickly on Twitter days later, with many artists feeling angry about Allen's win because of his use of AI to create the image. "He just 'pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece'," one Twitter user wrote. "We're watching the death of art unfold before our eyes."
However, to get the final three images he entered in the competition, Allen said, he took over 80hours. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in nice dresses and space helmets. Over time, with slight adjustments to his written prompts, he created 900repeating processes of what led to his final three images. He gave the final touch to those three images in Photoshop. Then he ran the images through another software program called Topaz Gigapixel AI that can improve resolution and had the images printed at a local print shop.
Allen is glad that the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is getting so much attention. "Rather than hating the technology or the people behind it, we need to recognize that it's a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward," Allen said.
11.What do we know about Thé tre D'opéra Spatial
A.Its beauty is widely accepted. B.Its creation is an easy process.
C.It shows the death of traditional art. D.It has caused a lot of arguments.
12.What did Allen do to create his entries
A.He searched for smart written prompts.
B.He edited his final images in Photoshop.
C.He fed Midjourney with famous paintings.
D.He developed Topaz Gigapixel AI.
13..What is Allen's attitude to the debate over AI-created art
A.Worried. B.Uncaring. C.Positive. D.Annoyed.
14.What might be the best title for the text
A.AI Beats Human Artists in the Art Field
B.AI Won an Art Contest and Artists Are Angry
C.An Artist Wins the Colorado State Fair's Art Contest and Laughs
D.The Artist From Pueblo West Is Defending His Work
三、七选五
Maybe you live in places where English is not the main language. ①_________. This is because your mind is still translating things from your first language into English, which can also sound unnatural. English, like every other language, has its own sentence structure. The good news is that thinking in English can bring you a huge step closer to fluency! It is not very difficult, but it does take conscious effort and practice.
Think in single words
Charles Thomas has taught English to Union members, children and teenagers for over 10 years. ②_________, wherever they are. Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.
Think in sentences
For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, "It’s such a beautiful day." and "People are playing sports with their friends. " ③_________.
Think in conversations.
④_________. For example, let's say the imaginary person asks you a question like, "What did you think of the talk show last night " How would you answer Imagine the conversation and practise it in your head. You can do this out loud or in silence.
Practise it daily
"When you're doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that's the key. ⑤_________. Then, before you know it, really, you're thinking in English," Thomas says.
A. Therefore, you don't feel like learning English
B. Try to talk with the people from English-speaking countries
C. He tells his students to name the things that they see around them
D. When you speak, your speech might be slower than you would like
E. Once this becomes easy, you can move on to more difficult sentences
F. This is a great way to practise what you might say in a real conversation
G. Because when you make things a habit, it just pops up into your mind without thinking
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：inspiring
解析：考查动词-ing形式作表语。句意:它带给这个房间的活力是鼓舞人心和令人振奋的。设空处表示energy所具有的特征,应用动词-ing形式作表语。故填 inspiring。
2.答案：encouraging
解析：考查动词-ing形式作表语。设空处表示situation所具有的特征,应用动词-ing形式作表语。故填encouraging。句意:这里的形势鼓舞人心,我们受到了鼓舞。故填encouraging。
3.答案：pleased
解析：考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:她父母得知她获奖的消息非常高兴。此处应用pleased作表语,修饰主句主语Her parents。故填pleased。
4.答案：missing
解析：考查动词-ing形式作表语。句意:警方已加紧搜寻三天前走丢的那个男孩。此处went为连系动词,设空处作表语,go missing表示“找不到,走丢”。故填missing。
5.答案：sunburned/sunburnt
解析：句意: 我们都有点晒伤, 但是那天是如此的令人放松, 我们并不在意。此处的get是系动词, we与sunburn是被动关系, 故填过去分词, 构成"get+过去分词"式被动式。get sunburned/sunburnt意为"被晒伤"。 故填sunburned/sunburnt。
6.答案：to develop
解析：句意：教育的目的是培养儿童良好的性格。不定式置于be动词后作表语，常起解释说明的作用，其主语通常是wish，idea，plan，purpose等表示意向、打算、计划的词。故填to develop。
7.答案：disappointed
解析：考查词性转换。句意为:许多人在车站等待,他们中的一些人看起来非常焦急和失望。look在句中是系动词,意为"看起来";空格处与" anxious "并列作表语,应用形容词。故填 disappointed。
8.答案：worried
解析：考查-ed形式的形容词作表语。句意:他担心他那令人担忧的儿子。be worried about…为……担心。故填worried。
9.答案：challenged
解析：句意为:我迅速俯下身子,低下头,避免直接和他对视, 以使他不会感到受到了挑战。根据句子结构可知,设空处作系动词feel的表语,因此应用形容词形式;主语为he,故要用challenged,表示“受到挑战的”。故填challenged。
10.答案：connected
解析： 句意：对于那些与家人相距遥远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。stay connected保持联系。故填connected。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知,艾伦的帖子在推特上迅速传播,许多艺术家对艾伦的获奖感到愤怒,因为他使用了人工智能来创作这张图像。一位推特用户写道:“他只是‘按了几个按钮就做成了一件数字艺术品’,我们正在目睹艺术的死亡在我们眼前展开。”由此可推断,《太空歌剧院》这部AI作品引起了许多争论。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“He gave the final touch to those three images in Photoshop.”可知,艾伦创作他的参赛作品时,用Photoshop 编辑他的最终图像。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,艾伦很高兴关于人工智能能否用于艺术创作的争论得到了如此多的关注。艾伦说:“我们不应该憎恨这项技术或它背后的人,我们需要认识到它是一个强大的工具,并把它用于善,这样我们就可以向前迈进。”由此可推断,艾伦对关于他用AI创作的艺术作品的争论持积极的态度。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文,文章主要介绍了在一次比赛中,AI画作获得一等奖,这惹怒许多艺术家,并引发了一系列的争论。因此,本文最佳标题应是“AI赢得了艺术比赛,惹怒艺术家”。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：DCEFG
解析： 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何训练大脑用英语思考,为读者提供了一些可行的办法。
①根崌空前的“Maybe you live in places where English is not the main language.(也许你住在英语不是主要语言的地方)”和空后的“This is because your mind is still translating things from your first. Language into English, which can also sound unnatural. (这是因为你的大脑在思考着将事物从你的母语翻译成英语,这听起来也很不自然)”可知, D项(当你说话时,你的语速可能比你希望的要慢)符合上下文语境。故选D。
②根据空前的“Charles Thomas has taught English to Union members, children and teenagers for over 10 years.( Charles Thomas已为工会会员,儿童和青少年教授英语10多年)”和空后的“Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.(他建议,从名词开始,然后加上动词”可知,C项(他告诉学生说出他们看倒的周围事物的名字)符合上下文语境和本段标题内容(用单个词进行思考)。故选C。
③通过本段标题(用句子来思考)和空前内容可知,在公园的时候你可以结合天气和公园中的人在脑海中思考一些简单的句子。E项(一旦这变得容易了,你就可以继续学习更难的句子)能够承接上文。故选E。
④通过本段标题(以对话的形式来思考)和空后内容可知,你可以假设某个人在问你问题,然后你想象下如何回答并在脑海中练习。空后内容是对F项(这是练习在真实对话中你可能说的话的好方法)具体举例子进行说明。故选F。
⑤根据空前的“‘ When you're doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that's the key.’(你每天一遍又一遍地练习,这很关键)”和空后的“‘Then, before you know it, really, you're thinking in English,’(然后,不知不觉中你就在用英语思考了)”可知,G项(因为当你把事情变成一种习惯时,它就会不假思索地出现在你的脑海里符合上下文语境和本段标题内容(坚持每天练习)。故选G。Unit 3 The art of painting Extended reading & Project—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.The film we saw last night was very _____(move).
2.he _____(ambition) project was completed in only six months.
3.Linda got _____(terrify) because she was followed by a stranger.
4.There has been serious disagreement between the two _____(politics) parties over the question.
5.Such a brave soldier was worthy of _____(reward).
6.“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot _____(expose) to the public because of Italy's privacy laws, finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
7.His success is down _____ a combination of talent and fortune.
8.It is widely known that she's a very wealthy woman _____ her own right.
9.We want to expose the kids _____ as much art and culture as possible.
10.The previous data of plastic consisting of only a small part reveals the amount of plastic in the sea is _____ the decline in recent years.
二、阅读理解
A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses three dimensional (3-D) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched.
One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt's The Kiss (Lovers). It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They wear gold robes(礼袍) and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman.
Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who have trouble seeing cannot appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges(隆起) and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3-D versions of artworks in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.
Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it, she said, "Exactly, can you see these There are so many details." Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looked like when she touched the reproduction. "It's somehow round. You can feel it. And in many places it's so smooth. And then I think to myself: it probably shines too!" Raditsch said.
The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3-D versions of its artworks. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain, have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3-D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world will download the source files and print the reproductions themselves.
11.What does the second paragraph intend to do
A. To introduce the content of a painting. B.To attract readers to admire a painting.
C.To tell the background of a painting. D. To introduce the secret of a painting.
12.What troubled Andreas Reichinger most
A. The great reputation of the painting.
B. The great details of the painting.
C. The different versions of the artwork.
D. The pose of the characters in the painting.
13.How did Raditsch feel when she touched the reproduction
A.Awkward. B. Puzzled. C. Excited. D. Nervous.
14.What is the main idea of the passage
A. A European Union program is quickly developed for the blind.
B.3-D printing technology lets the blind experience famous paintings.
C. A special museum is newly built for visitors in Vienna, Austria.
D. Museums can reproduce the world-famous paintings for the art fans.
三、七选五
Do you draw to express yourself or for fun Do you know that drawing has positive health benefits Drawing is a form of expression and communication. Artists of all ages, countries, cultures, and social classes, have delighted humanity with their works. They can express their wants and their lifestyles. ①_____
Drawing helps widen your communicative range. This is because it allows you to express what you feel and what you want in a different way. ②_____ This form of communication is especially significant for people who have communication problems. Shy people who are not capable of verbally(口头上) communicating in a natural manner would also find it especially helpful.
③_____ The left cerebral hemisphere(左脑), responsible for logical tasks,plays a role. At the same time, the right cerebral hemisphere, responsible for creativity and imagination also cooperates. Therefore, when you draw, you are working with your brain to develop its abilities.
It clearly benefits your mental health. ④_____ This is due to the fact that when we draw, we tend to focus on the message we want to get across and not on external events. On the other hand, it helps to distract you from difficult problems or difficult situations that you may be going through, while we do something relaxing.
Drawing is something that you can do in the company of others.⑤_____ It is an activity in which you can be clear-headed, calm, work with your brain, and just have fun all at the same time.
A.Drawing can relieve stress and anxiety.
B.Not your strength, but the process of drawing matters.
C.Your brain works actively during the process of drawing.
D.On the one hand, drawing helps develop your concentration.
E.This can promote friendships and let you spend good times with friends.
F.You are able to show your feelings, emotions, and thoughts through drawing.
G.Through these works, we can see drawing has great value as art and many benefits.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：moving
解析：考查动词-ing形式作表语。句意:我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。设空处表示film所具有的特征,应用动词-ing形式作表语。故填moving。
2.答案：ambitious
解析：考查形容词。设空处修饰名词project,应用形容词作定语。句意:这个宏大的项目仅仅6个月就完成了。故填ambitious。
3.答案：terrified
解析：考查动词-ed 形式作表语。句意:Linda因为被一个陌生人跟踪而感到恐惧。设空处说明Linda的状态,应用动词-ed 形式作表语。故填terrified。
4.答案：political
解析：考查形容词。句意:这两个政党就这个问题有严重的分歧。名词parties前应用形容词修饰。故填political。
5.答案：being rewarded
6.答案：be exposed
解析：考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知,设空处作从句的谓语动词,且所给提示词expose与从句主语real name之间是被动关系,所以应用被动语态。句意:由于意大利的隐私法,“Nicolo”的真实姓名不能公之于众,他完成了在都灵的一家工厂一整晚的工作。故填be exposed。
7.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:他的成功是天赋和好运的结合。固定短语be down to意为“由……引起(或造成)”。故填to。
8.答案：in
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:众所周知,她本身就是非常富有的女人。固定短语in one's own right意为“凭自身的资格”。故填in。
9.答案：to
解析：考查固定短语。句意：我们想让孩子们接触尽可能多的艺术和文化。固定短语expose...to...表示“使……接触……”,其中to是介词。故填to。
10.答案：on
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:此前只包括一小部分的塑料的数据显示,海洋中塑料的数量近年来在下降。固定短语 on the decline意为“在下降”。故填on。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：段落大意题。由第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了The Kiss(Lovers)这幅画的内容。故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andreas Reichinger started making 3-D versions of artworks in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple's robes are so detailed.”可知,Andreas Reichinger于2010年开始制作3D版本的艺术品。他说这个复制品是他最困难的项目,因为这对夫妇的礼袍太精细了。由此可知,这幅画的大量细节让他最苦恼,故B项正确。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段Raditsch说的话,尤其是“And then I think to myself: it probably shines too!”可推断出,Raditsch摸到画时应该是很激动的。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读文章,尤其是由文章第一段内容可知,文章主要介绍了欧盟的一个项目,即通过三维打印技术再现名画,以便让盲人艺术爱好者触摸名画。由此可知,文章主要讲的是3D打印技术让盲人体验名画。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：GFCDE
解析：①根据上文“Artists of all ages, countries, cultures, and social classes, have delighted humanity with their works.”可知,这里主要在讲艺术家及其作品的重要价值,所以G项符合语境,G项中的“these works”与上文中的“their works”相呼应。故选G。
②根据上文“This is because it allows you to express what you feel and what you want in a different way.”可知,这里在说绘画在表达情感方面的作用。所以F项符合语境,F项中的“show your feelings, emotions, and thoughts”和上文中的“express what you feel and what you want”相呼应。故选F。
③设空处位于段首,推断为本段的主旨句。根据下文“The left cerebral hemisphere...you are working with your brain to develop its abilities.”可知,本段主要讲的是在绘画的过程中大脑的作用。C项符合语境,概括了本段的主旨,C项中的“brain”是复现词。故选C。
④下文“On the other hand, it helps to...while we do something relaxing.”说了绘画对心理健康的另一方面作用,所以D项符合语境,讲了绘画对人的心理健康的好处。on the one hand... on the other hand...是固定搭配,意为“一方面……另一方面……”。故选D。
⑤本段主旨句“Drawing is something that you can do in the company of others.”说绘画是可以在别人的陪伴下做的事情,所以E项符合语境,说明绘画对友谊的好处。E项中的“friendships”和“friends”与上文中的“in the company of others”相呼应。故选E。Unit 3 The art of painting Welcome to the unit & Reading—高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时优化训练
一、填空题
1.It's difficult for us _____(do) much work in such a short time.
2.Landing on the moon's far side is very _____(challenge).
3.Ever since they quarreled, Jane has been extremely _____(depress) and upset.
4.Before _____(liberate) many people could not read or write.
5.When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself ________(wander) down to South-bank, spending hours there.
6.The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity _______(display) their work.
7.For a healthy diet, you should eat _______(most) rice, bread, vegetables and fruit.
8.The majority of members were opposed _____ my proposal, which upset me greatly.
9.It wasn't until a couple of hours later _____ we opened the doors and began serving dinner.
10._____ struck me that the little boy swimming alone in the pool was my neighbour.
二、阅读理解
In many people's eyes, artist Mark Rothko's enormous paintings are nothing more than masses of color. Yet, his painting can be worth nearly $100 million. Besides, Pablo Picasso's twisted faces attract some viewers but terrify others.
Why does the phenomenon happen The answer may lie in our brain networks. Researchers have now developed an algorithm(算法) that can predict art preference by analyzing how a person's brain breaks down visual information and decides whether a painting is "outstanding". The findings show for the first time how basic features of a painting combine with human judgment to give art value in our minds.
"Most people, including researchers, consider art preference to be various," says Anjan Chatterjee, a neurologist(神经病学家) at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the study. In some cases, personal preference is rooted in biology. For instance, sugary foods help us survive, and people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes. However, when it comes to art, we seem to care about and value relatively arbitrary(任意的) things, according to Chatterjee.
To figure out how the brain forms value judgments about art, neuroscientist Kiyohito ligaya and his colleagues first asked more than 1,300 volunteers on the forum Amazon Mechanical Turk to rate a selection of 825 paintings from four Western types including Impressionism, Cubism, Abstract Art and Color Field Painting. Volunteers were all over the age of 18, but researchers didn't give exact information about their familiarity with art or their ethnic(种族的) or national origin.
The researchers revealed that paintings preferred by the same groups of people tended to share certain visual characteristics. These characteristics all fell into two categories: "Low-level" characteristics, like contrast and color, were intrinsic(固有的) to an image; "High-level" characteristics, like the emotion a painting brought about, required human understanding. Once the method was trained, it could analyze these characteristics in new paintings and accurately predict which works a person would like.
11.What do the cases in Paragraph 1 mainly indicate
A.The value of different works of art.
B.The characteristics of different artists.
C.The importance of appearances.
D.The differences in people's appreciation of beauty.
12.Which of the following ideas may Anjan Chatterjee support
A.Art works have fewer arbitrary things to value.
B.People's preference is mainly rooted in biology.
C.Researchers' art preference is different from others'.
D.People usually share common feelings towards scenery.
13.Which of the following factors was taken into account during the study
A.The wide range of paintings. B.The identity of the participants.
C.The background of the paintings. D.The national origin of the participants.
14.What's the last paragraph mainly about
A.The process of the study.
B.The findings of the study.
C.The researchers' different viewpoints.
D.The researchers' prediction for related research.
三、七选五
Teenagers have their own thoughts and act like they know almost anything. However, in reality they don't have much experience. So it's not easy when you have to deal with these difficult teenagers. ①_______
Keep calm
It is easy for difficult teenagers to make you lose control and act improperly. ②_______ When you feel angry or challenged by a teen, take a deep breath and count slowly to ten, and then deal with the problem after you become calm again.
Set up dear boundaries(界限)
Since most teenagers want to experience greater independence and selfhood, some will challenge you in order to test their power. It's very important to set boundaries. ③_______ The first boundary in almost any situation is that you will be treated with respect. In addition to respect, there may also be a list of family, classroom, or team ground rules.
Pay attention to the leader
Many teachers know that when they face a group of difficult students in class, it's not necessary to deal with every student. ④_______ Another management skill is to separate challenging persons so that they're less likely to form a group and feed off each other.
Show understanding
⑤_______ Say to yourself with some humour and then get on with your business.
A. The first rule is to keep calm.
B. Below are keys to deal with them.
C. Make use of useful communication.
D. At worst this may make you the other side.
E. When a teenager is in difficulty, show understanding.
F. Useful boundaries are those which are fair and reasonable.
G. Usually, by dealing with the leader, the rest of the group will follow.
答案以及解析
一、填空题
1.答案：to do
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:对我们来说,在这么短的时间内做很多工作是困难的。此处为固定句型“It's+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”,It为形式主语,此处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to do。
2.答案：challenging
解析：考查形容词。句意:在月球背面着陆是非常具有挑战性的。设空处表示Landing on the moon's far side 这件事所具有的特征,应用以-ing结尾的形容词作表语。故填challenging。
3.答案：depressed
解析：考查形容词。句意:自从他们吵架以来,简一直非常沮丧和难过。此处作表语,修饰表示人的主语,应用以-ed结尾的形容词。故填depressed。
4.答案：liberation
解析：考查名词。句意:解放前,许多人不会识字,也不会写字。此处Before为介词,后接名词作宾语。故填liberation。
5.答案：wandering
解析：考查现在分词。句意:当我2004年回到伦敦时,我发现自己漫步到了南岸,在那里待了几个小时。分析句子成分可知,设空处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构中的宾补,其与宾语myself之间为主动关系,所以应用动词-ing形式作宾补。故填wandering。
6.答案：to display
7.答案：mostly
8.答案：to
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:大多数成员反对我的提议,这使我很不高兴。固定搭配 be opposed to意为“反对”。故填to。
9.答案：that
解析：考查强调句型。句意:直到几个小时后,我们才打开门,开始供应晚餐。本句是对not until引导的时间状语进行强调。强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。故填that。
10.答案：It
解析：考查固定句型。句意:我突然想起在游泳池里独自游泳的那个小男孩是我的邻居。固定句型“It strikes/struck sb. that...”意为“某人突然想起……”。故填It。
二、阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。第一段举了两个例子,根据第二段中的“Why does the phenomenon happen The answer may lie in our brain networks... decides whether a painting is ‘outstanding’.”可知第二段针对第一段的例子提出问题并给出答案,由此可推断,第一段的例子主要是用来说明人们的审美不同,引出话题。故选D。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“people tend to share similar standards of beauty when it comes to human faces and landscapes”可知,当涉及人脸和风景时,人们往往有相似的美的标准。由此可知,Anjan Chatterjee可能支持“人们通常对风景有共同的感受”这一观点。故选D。
13.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“a selection of 825paintings from four Western types including Impressionism, Cubism, Abstract Art and Color Field Painting”可知,该研究精选了印象派、立体派、抽象派艺术和色域绘画的825幅画作。由此可知,研究考虑了各种各样的绘画作品。故选A。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读最后一段,尤其根据最后一段中的“The researchers revealed that...These characteristics all fell into two categories...”可知,本段主要总结研究发现。故选B。
三、七选五
答案：BAFGE
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对有些难以对付的青少年的四种方法。
①分析本段内容可知,本段主要提出了有些青少年比较难对付,再根据接下来的内容可知,空处是承上启下,引出下面的四种方法。B项“Below are keys to deal with them.”符合语境。故选B。
②根据本段的主题 Keep calm可知,本段表示在应对难对付的青少年时要保持冷静。A项“The first rule is to keep calm.”符合本段主题。故选A。
③根据本段的主题 Set up clear boundaries(界限)可知,本段主要介绍要建立清晰的界限。根据空前句“It's very important to set boundaries.”可推知空处要讲建立什么样的界限。F项“Useful boundaries are those which are fair and reasonable.”符合语境。故选F。
④根据本段的主题 Pay attention to the leader可知,本段强调要关注领头的人。根据空前句“Many teachers know that when they face a group of difficult students in class, it's not necessary to deal with every student."可知,老师发现在面对一群难以对付的学生时,没有必要应对每一个人,主要抓住领头人就好了。G项“Usually, by dealing with the leader, the rest of the group will follow.”符合语境。故选G。
⑤根据主题 Show understanding可知,本段强调要对他们表示理解。E项“ When a teenager is in difficulty, show understanding”正是这个意思。故选E。
