沪教牛津八年级上Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 词汇练习+语法讲义（含答案）

U1
*encyclopaedia [ n sa kl pi:d ] n. 百科全书 notebook [ n tb k] n. 笔记本
human [ hju:m n] adj. 人的 include [ n klu:d] v. 包括;包含
dinosaur [ da n s :(r)] n. 恐龙 even [ i:vn] adv. 甚至
*Italian [ 't li n] n. 意大利人 however [ha ev (r)] adv. 然而
inventor [ n vent (r)] n. 发明家 suddenly [ s d nli] adv. 突然;忽然
musician [mju z n] n. 音乐家 nobody [ n b di] pron. 没有人
scientist [ sa nt st] n. 科学家 *fossil [ f sl] n. 化石
born [b :n] v. (be born)出生 win [w n] v. (won, won) (在比赛中) 获胜，赢
countryside [ k ntrisa d] n. 乡村;农村 dollar [ d l (r)] n. 元(美国，加拿大等国家的货币单位)
intelligence [ n tel d ns] n. 才智;智慧 in the countryside 在乡村;在农村
*artistic [ɑ: t st k] adj. 有艺术天赋的 human being 人
ability [ b l ti] n. 才能;能力 die out 灭绝；消失
perhaps [p h ps] adv. 可能;大概 find out 了解(到)；弄清
invention [ n ven n] n. 发明 go for a walk 去散步
Italy n.意大利（首都Rome罗马） _______ n.意大利人，意大利语 adj.意大利（人）的
国家 该国人 该国语言
Russia Russian Russian
Germany German German
Japan Japanese Japanese
France French French
England English English
invent v.发明 ________ n. 发明家 ________ n.发明
music n.音乐 _______ adj.音乐的 _______ n.音乐家
science n. ________ n.科学家 ________adj. 科学的tour n. ________ n.游客
art n. _____ n.艺术家________ adj. 有艺术天赋的piano n. ________ n.钢琴家
look up 查阅 ________ 照顾 look over 仔细检查 ________ 当心
be born 出生 —When and where were you born —I was born in China in 2003.
from an early age 从很小的时候
intelligence n. __________ adj.有才智的 ________ n. ________adj.重要的
________ n. ________ adj.耐心的 ________ n. ________ adj.不同的
able adj. ___________ 能够做某事 ______ n.能力 have the ability ________ sth. 有能力做某事
artistic ability艺术天赋
perhaps adv. = maybe
be famous ________ sth. 因...而著名
include v.包括 = be part of including prep.
This book includes some interesting stories. The band played many songs, including some popular ones.
however adv.①然而 ②无论怎样=no matter how
suddenly adv. = all of a sudden 突然地 ________ n./adj.
win-________-________ ________ n. 赢家
win the first prize 赢得某种比赛、名次或奖品
beat the Red Team 战胜某个人、团队（后跟竞争中的对手或敌人）
beat sb. = win against sb. 打败某人
die out=________ 消失 反义词：________ v.出现 ________________ n. 消失
look for 寻找（强调动作）
find 找到（强调结果） find out 了解（到），弄清
learn v.学习，学会
learn sth. 学习某事 I learn English at school.
learn to do sth. 学习做某事 A boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.
learn about...from... 了解，得知 I learnt about the history of England at the museum.
some...others... 一些...一些...
Some students like sports. Others like watching TV and reading.
as...as 和...一样（中间用adj.或adv.的原级） not as...as/not so...as 不如...
Tom is almost as tall as me. I did the job as well as he did.
21. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
语法经典：
一、some和any
1. some常用于肯定句，意为“一些；几个”，可以代替或修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。some用于疑问句时，表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答。如：
Some books are on the teacher’s desk. 几本书在那位老师的书桌上。
There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有些水。
Would you like some milk 你想要点牛奶吗
any常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“一些；几个”，可以代替或修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。any用于肯定句时，意为“任何一个”，此时后面跟可数名词单数。如：
—Are there any dumplings for dinner 晚饭有饺子吗
Any child knows the answer. 任何一个孩子都知道答案。
二、复合不定代词
1. 由some, any, no和body, one, thing构成的代词叫复合不定代词。具体见下表：
body one thing
some somebody （某人） someone （某人） Something （某事；某物）
any anybody （任何人） anyone （任何人） anything （任何东西；任何事物）
no nobody （没有人） no one （没有人） nothing （没有什么）
some构成的复合不定代词的用法和some的用法相同，any构成的复合不定代词的用法和any的用法相同。
nobody/no one和nothing表示否定含义，相当于not...anybody/anyone和not... anything。如：
He listened, but he heard nothing.他听了听，但是什么也没有听到。
=He listened, but he didn’t hear anything.
复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。
No one wants to make friends with him.没有人想和他交朋友。
形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时，要置于该复合不定代词的后面。如：
There is nothing wrong with my computer. 我的电脑没有毛病。
Do you have anything to do 你有什么事要做吗？
一、根据要求写出相应的单词
1. invent (名词) ________
2. art (形容词) ________
3. include (介词) ________
4.able (名词) ________
5. nobody (反义词) ________
6.win (过去式) ________
7. science (名词) ________
8. perhaps (同义词) ________
9. suddenly (形容词) ________
10.die (名词) ________
二、根据句意及首字母提示写单词,完成句子。
11. Ann hates the experience on the island. And she doesn’t e________ talk about it
12. Anna had a little headache yesterday. H________, she still went to work by bus.
13. We all know Bell was the i________ of the telephone.
14. Tim likes music very much. His dream is to be a m________.
15. Some students took out their n________ and began to take notes.
三、用括号内所给的词的适当形式填空。
16. It is educational for students ________ (attend)an after-class activity.
17. They come from ________ (Italian). Maybe they are Italians.
18. The foreigner took out some ________ (dollar) to buy some food.
19. Seven people died in the traffic accident, ________ (include) two children.
20. I like reading some scientific books. My dream is to be a great ________ (science).
21. The students over there have different kinds of ________ (ability).
22. Their parents used to ________ (life) in the village far away from the city.
23. He worked hard. At last he ________ (win) the game.
24. The man over there was ________ (bear) in a poor family in 1971.
25. The 12-year-old girl is an ________ (artistic), and she can sing, draw and dance.
四、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. grow
1)In the south of China, people ________ rice.
2) we ________ already ________ a lot of flowers this summer.
3) How quickly she is ________!
4) He is ________ rich. He owns a big company in Africa.
5) Plants ________ up towards the sunlight.
2. as…as…
1) This film is as ________ (interest) as that one.
2)Your pen writes as ________ (smooth) as mine.
3) Your bag is three times as ________ (expensive) as mine.
4) Please answer my question ________________ (尽快).
5) He looks ________________________ (和往常一样安静).
3. inventor
1) In his youth, his wish was to be an ________.
2) China is the ________ of the compass, paper-making, gunpowder and printing.
3) He ________ the first electric clock 50 years ago.
4) This new ________ won the highest award. With it, people can use the machine more easily.
4. artistic
1) Beijing opera has a special ________ style.
2) I explained that I was an ________.
3) Fishing is a kind of ________ like painting.
5. include
1) A good British breakfast always ________ sausages.
2) There are twelve of us, ________ Tom and me.
6. ability
1) They lost their ________ to hear.
2) He is a man of great ________.
3) She is ________ to finish the work in two days.
7. musician
1) I have a sister who is a ________.
2) A lot of ________ and singers like playing the piano.
3) I prefer soft ________. It can make me relaxed.
8. suddenly
1) We ________ saw her in the distance.
2) He was deeply sad by the ________ death of his father in-law.
参考答案：
一、
1. invention/ inventor2. artistic3. including4. ability5. everybody6. won7. scientist8. maybe9. sudden10. death
二、
11. even12. However13. inventor14. musician15. notebooks
三、
16. to attend17. Italy18. dollars19. including20. scientist21. abilities22. live23. won24. born25. artist
四、
1. grow, have grown, growing, growing, grow
2. interesting, smoothly, expensive, as soon as possible, as quiet as usual
3. inventor, inventor, invented, invention 4. artistic, artist, art
5. includes, including6. ability, ability, able 7. musician, musicians, music 8. suddenly, sudden
五、单项选择
1. We have __________ apples, But we don’t have __________ bananas.
A. some; some B any; any C some; any D. any; some
2. --- Who lives together with your grandmother.--- __________. She lives alone. I often go to see her.
A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Anybody D. Everybody
3. --- Doctor, what’s wrong with me --- __________ serious. You have just got a cold.
A. Something B. Nothing C. Everything D. Anything
4. Bryan will not want to have __________ to do with horses in the future.
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
5. I didn't find __________ on my table.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
6. --- There is no salt left, Jim, would you like to get __________
--- OK, Mum.
A. it B. one C. some D. any
7. Tom! You’re no longer a 3-year-old kid. I can cook dinner for you, but don't expect me to do __________ for you. Go and tidy your room!
A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
8. --- Our classroom is so clean. Who's cleaned it, Li Fei --- Sorry, I don't know. I think ______ did it before class.
参考答案：1-5 CABCB 6-8 CAA