湖北荆门市2016高考英语二轮：科普环保类阅读理解（1）及答案
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments －mostly for entertainment purposes － is fair and respectful
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals．However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats．Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty．Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range．The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs．
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise．This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis．A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages．Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered．Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild．Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out．In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers．Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them．Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
【小题1】How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos
A．Dangerous．
B．Unhappy．
C．Natural．
D．Easy.
【小题2】In the state of zoochosis, animals _________.
A．remain in cages
B．behave strangely
C．attack other animals
D．enjoy moving around
【小题3】What does the author try to argue in the passage
A．Zoos are not worth the public support．
B．Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C．Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D．Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
【小题4】The author tries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________.
A．pointing out the faults in what zoos do
B．using evidence he has collected at zoos
C．questioning the way animals are protected
D．discussing the advantages of natural habitats
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
You may have never he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technology. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countries — China, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded.
Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, they are not found in concentrated amounts on the earth’s surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented.
Rare earth metals are used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materials are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery!
America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980’s and 1990’s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.
Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder in the coming months and years.
【小题1】What can we learn about rare earths
A．They are actually as abundant as Copper.
B．They can be mined easily as other metals.
C．They can only be found in a few countries.
D．They are not really as rare as they are named.
【小题2】Compared with China, America _____.
A．paid more attention to Europium
B．has larger deposits of rare earths
C．started producing rare earths earlier
D．has more rare earth mines
【小题3】It can be inferred from the text that rare earths _____.
A．are now in great demand
B．can now be used in few fields
C．are harmful to the environment
D．will soon be replaced by other metals
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·重庆，E)
It is idely k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nown that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather speak.
Bill Bryson, for ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ample, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman, ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wever, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English interest is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stand for common misconceptions about the weather speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather speak is a means of social bonding.
文章大意：本文为议论文，上来点题：英语对话往往从天气开始。后面具体的介绍几个对此有不同理解的人以及他们的观点。
17．The author mentions Dr. Johnson's comment to show that ________.
A．most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson.
B．Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather conversation
C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago
D．English conversations usually start with the weather
答案：D 文章第一句话提到：众所周知，英语的对话往往从天气开始，然后举例说明，显然举例的目的就是表明英语的对话往往从天气开始，故D项正确。
18．What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to
A．A social trend.
B．An emotional state.
C．A historical concept.
D．An unknown phenomenon.
答案：B 词意猜测题。由语境可知，Bill认 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为因为英国天气一点也不令人兴奋，因此用它对话时表达出来的________难以理解。兴奋应是与人的情感状态有关，故B项正确。
19．According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that ________.
A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather
B．there is nothing special about the English weather
C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles
D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty
答案：D 细节理解题。由文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第三段信息The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.可知D项正确。
20．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain what English weather speak is about.
B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.
C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.
D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.
答案：A 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述英语对话以天气开始的一些事情，故A项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·重庆，A)
The morning ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had been a disaster. My tooth was aching, and I'd been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt: “The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself in my place. Can't you see things from my point of view？” I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth. I'd thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.
“If you come by rig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht now，” the receptionist said, “the dentist will fit you in.”
I took my purse and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice Why wasn't he as busy as the others
In the dentist's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice cold one.
When I told her my f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ears, she laughed and said，“Don't worry. The dentist is very good.”
“How long do I have to wait for him？” I asked impatiently.
“Come on, he is co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork，”the assistant said.
“The artwork？”I was puzzled.
The chair went back ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was! At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.
What a relief!
文章大意：本文为一篇夹述夹议的文章，作者通过自己看牙医的一段经历，体会到了下面的道理，即：要站在别人的角度上考虑问题。
1．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following best describes the author's feeling that morning
A．Cheerful. B．Nervous.
C．Satisfied D．Upset.
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章刚开头提到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“The morning had been a disaster”以及后面“牙痛，跟朋友的辩论又伤害了我”可知，我很沮丧，故D项正确。
2．What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist
A．The dentist's agreeing to treat her at very short notice.
B．The dentist's being as busy as the other dentists.
C．The surroundings of the dentist's office.
D．The laughing assistant of the dentist.
答案：A 细节理解题。由文章第三段第三句话 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice？可知，A项正确。
3．Why did the author suddenly smile
A．Because the dentist came at last.
B．Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.
C．Because she could relax in the chair.
D．Because the assistant kept comforting her.
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )倒数第二段信息Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture，right where I could enjoy it，on the ceiling.可知B项正确。
4．What did the author learn from her experience most probably
A．Strike while the iron is hot.
B．Have a good word for one's friend.
C．Put oneself in other's shoes.
D．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
答案：C 推理判断题。A项表示“趁热打 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )铁”；B项表示“对朋友说好话”；C项表示“站在别人的角度上考虑”；D项表示“患难朋友才是真朋友”。由文章第一段朋友的话：The trouble with you is that you won't put yourself at my place. Can't you see things from my point of view.以及文章倒数第二段I began to understand what my friends meant by her words.可知，作者从这段经历当中知道了：要站在别人的角度上去考虑问题，故C项正确。湖北荆门市2016高考英语二轮：科普环保类阅读理解（5）及答案
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Our body clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck, or natural body rhythm, influences our energy and alertness. Paying attention to it can help us choose the suitable time of the day when we best perform specific tasks.
The reality, however, is that most of us organize the time around work demands, school deadlines, commuting or social events. Doing whatever the body feels like doing is a luxury in today’s fast-paced modern society.
But that doesn’t mean it isn’t worth trying. Obeying our body clock has significant health benefits. Disrupting our natural body rhythm, on the other hand, has been linked to problems such as depression, obesity, or headache, says Steve Key, a biology professor.
When the body clock can synchronize (使…同步) the rhythms of its natural processes, it “gives us an advantage in daily life”, says Key.
According to him, when it comes to cognitive (认知的) work, most adults perform best in the late morning. As our body temperature starts to rise just before awakening in the morning and continues to increase until midday, our memory, alertness and concentration gradually improve.
However, he adds, our ability to concentrate typically starts to decrease soon thereafter. Most of us are more easily distracted (分心) between noon and 4 pm.
Alertness also tends to fall after eating a meal and sleepiness tends to peak around 2 pm, making that a good time for a nap.
Surprisingly, tiredness may increase our creative powers. For most adults, problems that require open-ended thinking are often best dealt with in the evening when they are tired, according to a study in the journal Thinking & Reasoning.
When choosing a time of the day to exercise, paying attention to your body clock can improve results. Physical performance is usually best from about 3 to 6 pm, says Michael Smolensky, a professor of biomedical engineering.
Of course, not everyone’s body clock is the same, making it even harder to synchronize natural rhythms with daily plans.
【小题1】If we know our natural body rhythm well, we can ______.
A．find out the suitable time to do specific tasks
B．organize our time around work demands
C．do whatever our body feels like doing
D．be sure to be healthy
【小题2】 Which of the following is NOT true
A．Our alertness is influenced by our natural body rhythm.
B．Doing whatever your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )body feels like is very difficult in our modern society.
C．Obeying our body clock is good for our health.
D．Disrupting our natural body rhythm can lead to obesity.
【小题3】Inspiration ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to solve a difficult problem will most probably come to us______.
A．when we get up in the morning
B．when we are tired in the evening
C．when we are full of energy in the late morning
D．when we are asleep at night
【小题4】Which of the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ollowing can be the suitable title for the passage
A．What is natural body rhythm
B．Natural body rhythm is good for us.
C．natural body rhythm and health
D．The latest research about natural body rhythm.
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Scientists belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve that one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around us is the sense of sound. We are warned of danger by sounds. Sounds serve to please us in music. Sound has a waste product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets any better.
In order to know how noise affects people and animals, scientists have been studying for several years. They are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution is a threat that should be looked at carefully.
Sounds is measured in units called decibels (分贝). At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears.
Trucks , buses , motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories---all these things make noise. They trouble not only our ears, but minds and bodies as well.
There is a saying that it is so noisy that you can’t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don’t, we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems.
Noise adds more tension (紧张) to a society that has already faced enough stress.
【小题1】The sense of sound _________.
A．makes us feel excited
B．helps us hear more clearly
C．is something harmful to us
D．helps to know what is happening around us
【小题2】When sound is turned into noise, ______________.
A．people grow worse and worse
B．it makes us forget all the past
C．people don’t know what to do with everyday life
D．it will be a kind of pollution to people
【小题3】Why does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) passage say peace and quiet are becoming harder to find
A．Because the world is making more and more noise.
B．Because wars and battles happen here and there in the world.
C．Because all the sounds are becoming over 140 decibels.
D．Because some machines can make noise.
【小题4】Doctors say we can hear ourselves think __________.
A．if we don’t like to hear noise
B．if we have no aches or pains in our bodies
C．if there isn’t too much noise
D．if we can’t be careful of noise
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·北京，B)
Tail Spin
Two dolphins race a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )round in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she's even swimming at all. She doesn't have a tail.
Grace lost her tai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “ Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it—but her tail didn't. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.
Over the past s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ix years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way—like a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.
The movements ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )put harmful pressure on Grace's backbone. So a company offered to create a man made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.
The first time Grace ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion (动作) and build muscles (肌肉)．”
Now, the dolphin is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bout to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man made tail gives people so much courage.
文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文，属励志类文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。通过讲述海洋公园的小海豚Grace尽管没有尾巴，却能克服困难，用另外一种方式游泳，并且还要拍电影《海豚的故事》以激励人们要勇敢地面对困难。
5．When Grace f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst arrived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ________.
A．physical build
B．potential ability
C．chance of survival
D．adaptation to the surroundings
答案：C 细节理解题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第二段可知，当这只海豚在2005年12月刚到海洋公园时，“she was fighting for her life”，它的训练员说“Is she going to make it？”，由此我们知道，刚开始，它的训练员担心它能不能活下来，故正确答案为C项。
6．A man made tail is created for Grace to ________.
A．let her recover faster
B．make her comfortable
C．adjust her way of swimming
D．help her perform better tricks
答案：C 推理判断题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第三段可知，海豚Grace形成了它自己的游泳方式。由第五段内容可知，给海豚戴上人造尾巴的目的不是为了舒服，而是为了保持动作，锻炼肌肉，也就是它带着人造尾巴的目的是调整游泳方式，故C项正确。
7．The story of Grace inspires people to ________.
A．stick to their dreams
B．treat animals friendly
C．treasure what they have
D．face difficulties bravely
答案：D 推理判断题。A项表示“坚持梦想” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；B项表示“友好得对待动物”；C项表示“珍惜拥有”；D项表示“要勇敢面对困难”。由文章内容可知，尽管海豚Grace没有了尾巴，但是它克服困难，以另外一种方式游泳，最后还提到，它要拍电影给人们带来鼓励，由此我们知道，我们要勇敢地面对困难，故D项为正确答案。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·安徽，B)
Using too much water ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s not responsible for all water shortages (短缺). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts (干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y we use water every day can make a big difference, too. In the United States, a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there' a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o save water in your home. To start with, use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机) only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。水是我们日 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常生活中不可缺少的，但是你知道吗？我们日常生活中的一些举动，比如铺砌道路和停车场，都有可能使我们的水供应受到威胁。我们要从自身做起，帮助使我们的水供应干净清洁。
8．Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater
A．Using river water.
B．Throwing batteries away.
C．Paving parking lots.
D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“You ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. ...The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可知，铺砌道路和停车场会导致更少的地下水。
9．What can be inferred from the text
A．All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C．there is much we can do to reduce family size.
D．The average family in America makes proper use of water.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的第一句可排除A项；通读全文可知，要想满足我们的水需求，有很多事情要做，不是一件简单的事情，需要花费很多的努力，故B项正确；C项的family size错误；根据倒数第二段的“In the United States ，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”可知，D项错误，普通美国家庭用的水是很多的。
10．The last paragraph is intended to ________.
A．show us how to fix leaks at home
B．tell us how to run a dishwasher
C．prove what drinking glass is best
D．suggest what we do to save water at home
答案：D 推理判断题。文章最后一段主要讲述在家如何节约用水，故选D项。
11．The text is mainly about ________.
A．why paving roads reduces our water
B．how much we depend on water to live
C．why droughts occur more in dry climates
D．how human activity affects our water supply
答案：D 主旨大意题。文章主要讲述的是人类的活动如何影响水的供应，A、B两项只是文章的部分内容；C项文章未详细解释。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·全国Ⅰ，C)
It happened to m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”. However, he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't. In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out ), I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten .But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant.
The World Book Da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven't read him, but haven't lied about it either) and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied, t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in depth!
But when asked which a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uthors they actually enjoy, people named J．K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words)．Forty two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I'll come clean; I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．
文章大意：在世界读书日的调查报告中显示有百分之四十二的人撒谎说读过某本书，通常的原因是给人留下印象。
12．How did the author find his friend a book liar
A．By judging his manner of speaking.
B．By looking into his background.
C．By mentioning a famous name.
D．By discussing the book itself.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据短文第一段最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )两句话可知，他们继续谈论奥巴马的书时，对方根本不知道奥巴马的背景，故作者知道对方是在撒谎。由此可知D项正确。
13．Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing is a “guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report
A．Charles Dickens is very low on the top ten list.
B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C．The author admitted having read 9 books.
D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据短文第二段最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句话可知，我不像那百分之四十二的人那样，撒谎说读过George Orwell的1984，我是真的读过。由此可知B项正确。
14．By lying about reading, a person hopes to ________.
A．control the conversation
B．appear knowledgeable
C．learn about the book
D．make more friends
答案：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，他们撒谎的原因是给人们留下印象，由此可推断他们是想让人民知道他们知识渊博，故B项正确。
15．What is the author's attitude to 58%of readers
A．Favorable. B．Uncaring.
C．Doubtful. D．Friendly.
答案：C 作者态度题。根据短文最后一段可知，他们说出的这些作者，都是畅销书作者，所以作者对这百分之五十二的人持怀疑态度。湖北荆门市2016高考英语二轮：科普环保类阅读理解（2）及答案
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Mosquitoes have an ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )traordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably，mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy(发痒的）wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases，including Dengue，yellow fever and malaria.
Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite.
Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas，which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby.
But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects，with even smaller brains，use three senses to find a blood meal.
Michael Dickinson’s team used plumes—a material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume.
Then，the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter colored floor and walls of the tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said，at first，the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all. “What was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2，they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs (斑点）.”
This suggested to the researchers that a mosquito’s sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal，they also follow visual signals.
【小题1】What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets
A．Sense of smell. B．Sense of touch.
C．Sense of sight. D．Smart brains.
【小题2】The first resp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onse of the mosquitoes to the objects in the experiment is .
A．to fly to the dark ones
B．to catch and stick to them
C．to take no notice of them
D．to attach themselves to them
【小题3】How can we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )void being attacked by mosquitoes according to the text
A．Don’t let them see us.
B．Use dark objects to stop them.
C．Make them fly back and forth for hours.
D．Attract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.
【小题4】What can be the best title for the text
A．How Do Mosquitoes Survive
B．Why Do Mosquitoes Need Blood
C．How Do Mosquitoes Choose to Bite You
D．Why Do Mosquitoes Attack the Human Being
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
The way we cook ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year.
Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料）and coal stoves.
These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO’ s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油）fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. “New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.”
The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.
Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精）stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.
【小题1】How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By making classifications. B．By listing numbers.
C．By following time order. D．By describing a process.
【小题2】According to C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution
A．People should use an effective air cleaner.
B．People should use new technologies and clean fuels.
C．People should open a window or door to let out the harmful air.
D．People should p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )revent themselves from being exposed to harmful air..
【小题3】What can we learn from the passage
A．Most of the deat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hs from indoor pollution are in developing countries.
B．Burning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution .
C．People can buy ethanol stoves made by Dometic in India.
D．There are already ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) two technologies for clean fuels available for use.
【小题4】Which would be the best title for the passage
A．The way we cook is changing.
B．Cause of indoor air pollution.
C．The development of electric stoves.
D．Indoor air pollution kills millions each year.
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·重庆，B)
One of the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the award winning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty over sixty five year olds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.
Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.
Let us now have a culture of peace.
—Federico Mayor Zaragoza, Spain
Federico Mayor Za ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999, he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.
Writing is a discovery.
—Nadine Gordimer, South Africa
Due to a wea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. In 1991, Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Jazz is about the only form of art today.
—Dave Brubeck, USA
Dave Brubeck stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951, he recorded his first album (专辑). Brubeck's 1959 album has beco
me a jazz standa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd. He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.
For more figures CLICK HERE.
文章大意：一代人可能传给下一代的就 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是他们在生活中获得的宝贵的人生经验，因此Andrew Zuckerman把50多岁的人选作他项目的主体。本文通过几个例子让大家更好的了解这一项目。
5．Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project
A．Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.
B．Because they are physically impressive.
C．Because their accomplishments inspired him.
D．Because they have similar experiences.
答案：A 细节理解题。由文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第一句话One of the greatest gifts one generation can give other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience可知，Andrew Zuckerman为他的项目选择50多岁的人是因为他们的人生经验值得一代代往下传。故A项正确。
6．According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza ______.
A．has won many awards for his work in politics
B．has served as the president of a university
C．has devoted all his life to the field of science
D．has made achievements in different areas
答案：D 推理判断题。由文章的第一则采访可知，Zaragoza在医学、政治、文化、科学、文学方面都有不凡的成就，因此D项正确。
7．Who most prob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience
A．Andrew Zuckerman.
B．Federico Mayor Zaragoza.
C．Nadine Gordimer.
D．Dave Brubeck.
答案：C 推理判断题。由上面几则采访可以看出，一生致力于写作的是Nadine Gordimer，故C项正确。
8．What is the main purpose of this web page
A．To show Zuckerman's awards.
B．To publicize Zuckerman's project.
C．To spread the wisdom of the three people.
D．To celebrate the achievements of the three people.
答案：B 主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍An ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )drew 的Zuckerman项目，然后举了其中几个例子，为的是让大家更多地了解他的项目，故B项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·四川，D)
Home to me means a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧 ). It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences: We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.
If I close m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass top wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are.
There is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at the table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents' room. It is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime—walking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.
I'm lucky because ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property (住宅 ) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew, and I learned.
Sometimes when I fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.
文章大意：家是让人感觉到和平、安宁、安全、祥和的地方，是能够让人的心灵完全放松的地方。
9．Why does the autho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r call her parents' bed her “safe zone” (Paragraph 3)
A．It is her favorite place to play.
B．Her needs can be satisfied there.
C．Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.
D．Her parents always play together with her there.
答案：B 细节理解题，由第三段I ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n jump on it anytime...until the morning可知，在她父母的床上，她可以随心所欲，需要可以得到满足。
10．What can be learned from the passage
A．The old furniture is still in author's first bedroom.
B．The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.
C．The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.
D．Many people of the a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uthor's age can still find their first physical homes.
答案：B 推理判断题，由文章第四段可知，作者位于洛杉矶的家还在，它曾经是作者生活、成长和学习的地方，她仍然可以前往拜访。
11．Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will ________.
A．open the window at night
B．lie down in bed to have a dream
C．try to bring back a sense of home
D．go to Los Angeles to visit her mom
答案：C 细节理解题，由文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )五段I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home...and my belongings可知，此时，作者会躺下寻找一种家的感觉。
12．What is the author's purpose of writing this passage
A．To express how much she is attached to her home.
B．To declare how much she loves her first house.
C．To describe the state of her family.
D．To look back on her childhood.
答案：A 推理判断题，从全文作者对于家的陈述可知，从儿时到现在她一直依恋于家。湖北荆门市2016高考英语二轮：科普环保类阅读理解（4）及答案
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Humans have been keepi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng animals as pets for tens of thousands of years, but Dr Jean-Loup Rault, an animal scientist at the University of Melbourne in Australia, believes new companions are coming: robot pets.
“Technology is moving very fast,” Rault told ABC News, “The Tamagotchi in the early 1990s was really the first robotic pet, and now Sony and other big companies have improved them a lot.”
This may not sit well with pet lovers. After all, who would choose a plastic toy over a lovely puppy But Rault argues that the robotic kind has a lot going for it: “You don’t have to feed it, you don’t have to walk it, it won’t make a mess in your house, and you can go on a holiday without feeling guilty.” The technology also benefits those who are allergic to pets, short on space, or fearful of real animals.
It’s not clear whether robot pets can replace real ones. But studies do suggest that we can bond with these smart machines. People give their cars names and kids give their toy animals life stories. It’s the same with robots. When Sony stopped its repair service for its robot dog Aibo in March 2014, owners in Japan held funerals.
As an animal welfare researcher, Rault is concerned about how robotic pets could affect our attitudes towards live animals. “If we become used to a robotic companion that doesn’t need food, water or exercises, perhaps it will change how humans care about other living beings,” he said.
So are dogs and cats a thing of the past, as Rault predicts For those who grew up with living and breathing pets, the mechanical kind might not do. But for our next generation who are in constant touch with smart technology, a future in which lovely pets needn’t have a heartbeat might not be a far-fetched dream.
【小题1】What does the underlined phrase “sit well with” means
A．be refused by B．be beneficial to
C．make a difference to D．receive support from
【小题2】What are t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he advantages of robot pets
a. They are plastic and feel smooth.
b. Owners needn’t worry about them when going out.
c. They can help cure allergies（过敏）.
d. They save space and costs.
A．ab B．bc C．bd D．cd
【小题3】We can learn from the passage that___________.
A．Sony is the first company to produce robot pets Aibo.
B．People can develop strong bond（联系、关系） with their robot pets.
C．Rault thinks robot pets still have a long way to go.
D．Robot toys may help people care more about living beings.
【小题4】The passage mainly tells us___________.
A．the advantages of robot toys
B．the popularity of robot pets
C．living pets are dying out
D．robot pets are coming
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
The extraordinary Ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stgate Building in Harare, Zimbabwe’s capital city, is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound(白蚁堆).
Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building, which has no air-conditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size. The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an air-conditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.
The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady, glass-roofed atrium(天井) open to the air. Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium, blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents(通风口). As it rises and warms, it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through forty-eight brick chimneys.
During summer’s cool nights, big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors. By day, smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building, to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors. For winter days, there are small heaters in the vents.
This is all possible only because Harare is 1600 feet above sea level, has cloudless skies, little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night. “You couldn’t do this in New York, with its hot summers and cold winters,” Pearce said.
The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures. It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃, with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November, when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night. And the air is fresh—far more so than in air-conditioned buildings, where up to 30% of the air is recycled.
【小题1】Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building
A．It was designed in a smaller size.
B．No air conditioners were fixed in.
C．Its heating system was less advanced.
D．It used rather different building materials.
【小题2】What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Hollow space.
B．Baseboard vent.
C．Fresh air from outside.
D．Heat in the building.
【小题3】Why would a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York
A．New York has less clear skies as Harare.
B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air.
C．New York covers a larger area than Harare.
D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.
【小题4】The data ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system_____.
A．works better in hot seasons
B．can recycle up to 30% of the air
C．functions well for most of the year
D．allows a wide range of temperatures
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·四川，E)
Fear may be felt i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting (收缩) and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study test ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed 20 healthy volunteers on their reaction to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfikel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see—and guide whether we see fear.”
To further unde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rstand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner (扫描仪 ) to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear.
“We have found an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feeling and reduce fear，” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
文章大意：一项研究表明，人的心脏能够对人感知恐惧的反应产生影响。
13．What is the finding of the study
A．One's heart affects how he feels fear.
B．Fear is a result of one's relaxed heartbeat.
C．Fear has something to do with one's health.
D．One's fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
答案：A 细节理解题，由第一段可知，研究发现心脏跳动的周期与人感觉害怕的可能性之间存在联系。
14．The study was carried out by analyzing ________.
A．volunteers' heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B．the time volunteers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C．volunteers' rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ctions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D．different picture ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s shown to volunteers and their heart brain communication
答案：C 细节理解题，由第四段第一句话可知，本次研究是通过向20名志愿者展示令人恐惧的图片来测验他们的反应来进行的。
15．Which of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6
A．Order. B．System.
C．Machine. D．Treatment.
答案：B 词义猜测题，由第六段可以得知，心脏和大脑能够“对话”来改变情感、减少恐惧，所依赖的当然应该是身体中的某个系统。
16．This study may contribute to ________.
A．treating anxiety and stress better
B．explaining the cycle of fear and anxiety
C．finding the key to the heart brain communication
D．understanding different fears in our hearts and heads
答案：A 细节理解题，由文章最后一段可知，本项研究对研发解决焦虑症和由于压力大而产生的紊乱治疗方法会有帮助。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·湖北，E)
A German study sug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blished this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers fou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleague ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark futu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esearchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.
文章大意：本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。
17．According ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction
A．Optimistic adults.
B．Middle aged adults.
C．Adults in poor health.
D．Adults of lower income.
答案：B 细节理解题，根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据while middle aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.可知B正确。
18．Pessimism may be po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sitive in some way because it causes people ________.
A．to fully enjoy their present life
B．to estimate their contribution accurately
C．to take measures against potential risks
D．to value health more highly than wealth
答案：C 细节理解题，根据“Seein ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote可知C正确。
19．How do people of higher income see their future
A．They will earn less money.
B．They will become pessimistic.
C．They will suffer mental illness.
D．They will have less time to enjoy life.
答案：A 细节理解题，根据Surprisin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline可知A正确。
20．What is the clear conclusion of the study
A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B．Good financial condition leads to good health.
C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
答案：D 细节理解题，根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，”可知，他们对生活的满意度随着年龄的增长而变小。湖北荆门市2016高考英语二轮：科普环保类阅读理解（3）及答案
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Many gardeners bel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ieve that “talking” to their plants helps them grow---it turns out that they may not be crazy after all. According to the scientists from the University of Exeter, plants may keep communicating with each other through a secret “unseen” language.
For their experiment, the scientists picked a cabbage plant that is known to send out a gas when its surface is cut. In order to get video evidence of the communication, they changed the cabbage gene by adding the protein---luciderase(虫荧光素酶), which is what makes fireflies(萤火虫) glow in the dark.
When the changed cabbage plant was in full bloom, they cut a leaf off with a pair of scissors, and almost immediately, thanks to the luciderase, they could see the plant sending out “methyl jasmonate(茉莉酸甲酯)”.
While this was a known fact, what was surprising was the fact that the minute this gas began to give out, the nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger and started to send out a gas that they normally have to keep predators(捕食者) like caterpillars(毛虫) away.
What the scientists are not sure is whether the plants are trying to warn the other leaves or the near plants about the danger---something that will require further research However, the team, which is led by Professor Nick Smirnoff, is quite excited about the findings because this is the first time it has been proved that plants do not live a passive life, but actually move, sense and even communicate with each other.
However, before you get all concerned, they are quite sure that plants do not feel the pain when they are cut, since they do not have nerves---so go ahead and bite into that juicy carrot!
【小题1】What’s the best title of the passage
A． Plants Can Send Some Gas
B． Plants Can Communicate with Each Other
C． The “Unseen” Language of Plants
D． Plants Can’t Feel Pain
【小题2】What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 mean
A． Gardeners B． Plants
C． Scientists D． Fireflies
【小题3】When the pla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt sent out methyl jasmonate, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
A． The nearby cabbage plants seemed to sense some kind of danger.
B． The nearby cabbage plants started to send out a gas.
C． The nearby cabbage plants tried to warn the near plants.
D． The nearby cabbage plants communicated through a secret language.
【小题4】According to the experiment, plants ________________.
A． don’t live a passive life
B． can feel pain when they are cut
C． can warn the other leaves about danger
D． can talk with each other
黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类
Technological chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible
Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
【小题1】The surveys inform us of______.
A．the development of technology
B．the changes of adult children’s behavior
C．the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D．the means and expenses of students’ communication
【小题2】 The writer believes that__________.
A．parents today are more protective than those in the past
B．the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
C．technology explains greater involvement with their children
D．parents’ change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence
【小题3】What is the best title for the passage
A．Technology or Attitude
B．Dependence or Independence
C．Family Influences or Social Changes
D．College Management or Communication Advancement
【小题4】Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·陕西，B)
In 1978, I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia. I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought I'd hitch a ride (搭便车)．
I waited by t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldn't give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the November heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he assured (使…放心)me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.
Twenty five year ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s later, in 2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I'd been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.
After a few momen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts of small talk, the man said to me, “You haven't changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”
I couldn't remembe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r where I'd met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.
文章大意：本文是一篇故事，讲述了二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )十五年前“我”被困高速路边，男人提供给我午餐并帮我搭便车回家。二十五年后，我看到一位老人站在烈日下搭便车，我想起了多年前有人对我的帮助，我让老人上了我的车。老人说：“你一点没变”。他就是多年前帮我的那个人。
1．The author had to hitch a ride one day in 1978 because ________.
A．her work delayed her trip to Sydney
B．she was going home for her holidays
C．the town was far away from Sydney
D．she missed the only train back home
答案：D 细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句话可知“回家的唯一的火车已经开走了，所以我得搭便车”，故选D项。
2．Which of the following did Gordon do according to Paragraph 2
A．He helped the girl find a ride.
B．He gave the girl a ride back home.
C．He bought sandwiches for the girl.
D．He watched the girl for three hours.
答案：A 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )话可知“他给我找了一辆便车回家”，故选A项；C项应是“他做的三明治”而不是“买的”；D项“他看了女孩几个小时”而不是“三个小时”。
3．The reason why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the author offered a lift to the elderly man was that ________.
A．she realized he was Gordon
B．she had known him for decades
C．she was going to the nearby town
D．she wanted to repay the favour she once got
答案：D 细节理解题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三段第二句话“我认为那是又一个回报多年前所得到的帮助的机会”可知她帮助那位老年人是为了回报她从前所得到的恩惠。故选D项。
4．What does the author want to tell the readers through the story
A．Giving sometimes produces nice results.
B．Those who give rides will be repaid.
C．Good manners bring about happiness.
D．People should offer free rides to others.
答案：A 目的意图题。通过全文可以看出作者是在告诉读者“善有善报”，即“给予有时会产生好结果”，故选A项。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·湖北，B)
Mothers and daughter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s go through so much—yet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all Perri Klass and her mother, Sheila Solomon Klass, both gifted professional writers, prove to be ideal co writers as they examine their decades of motherhood, daughterhood, and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped (重叠)．
Perri notes with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mother's: both have full time careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children; they both love to read. They also love to travel—in fact, they often take trips together. But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.
A child of the D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )epression (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a_luxury for girls. Starting with her college education, she has fought for everything she's ever accomplished. Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s. For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.
Each writing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together. Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork. Perri admits that she can't sort out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy. Together they compare thoughts on bringing up children and working, admit long hidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.
Looking deep in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the lives they have lived separately and together, Perri and Sheila tell their mother daughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other. A written account in two voices, Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.
文章大意：本文讲述的是一对母女一起生活，一起写作，一起分享对方的点点滴滴，其乐融融，和谐相处的故事。
5．Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mother's
A．They both have gone through difficult times.
B．They have strong emotional ties with each other.
C．They have the same joys and pains, and love and bitterness.
D．They both have experiences as daughter, mother and writer.
答案：D 细节理解题，由文章b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oth have full time careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children可以看出，D项正确。
6．The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．something rare but not pleasant
B．something that cannot be imagined
C．something expensive but not necessary
D．something that can only be enjoyed by boys
答案：C 词义猜测题，luxury的本意是：奢侈品，豪华品，是很昂贵的东西，但不一定是必需品，因此答案C正确。
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The content of the book.
B．The purpose of the book.
C．The influence of the book.
D．The writing style of the book.
答案：A 推理判断题，此段主要讲述母女二人的具体生活细节，因此反应在书中，应是本书的内容，因此选A。
8．How are women's lives explored in this book
A．In a musical form.
B．Through field research.
C．With unique writing skills.
D．From different points of view.
答案：D 推理判断题，由最后一段A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) written account in two voices, Every Mother Is a Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize，此处的voices，sound指的是不同的声音、观点，因此答案D合适。
