新概念英语第一册Lesson 31-36笔记

新概念英语1：Lesson 31 & 32 笔记
Lesson 31-32 单词讲解
garden['ɡɑ dn] n.花园
The hotel has a beautiful garden. (这家酒店有一个美丽的花园。)
派生：gardener n. 园丁 gardening n. 园艺
under [' nd ] prep. 在......之下
The book is under the table. (书在桌子下面。)
注意：在太阳下不能用 under the sun, 要说 in the sun.
tree [tri ] n. 树
I love to sit under the tree and read a book. (我喜欢坐在树下读书。)
under the tree 树下
a family tree家谱
climb [kla m] v. 攀登；爬
He is climbing the mountain. (他正在攀登这座山。)
She likes to climb trees. (她喜欢爬树。)
climb the mountain 爬山
climb the tree 爬树
派生：climber 登山者 climbing n. 攀岩运动；登山运动
who [hu ] pron. 谁
Who is that man over there (那边那个人是谁？)
run [r n] v. 跑
They are running in the park. (他们正在公园里跑步。)
The dog is running after the ball. (狗在追球。)
派生：runner 奔跑者，跑步运动员
run after 追逐，追赶
grass [ɡrɑ s] n. 草；草地
The cow is eating the grass. (牛在吃草。)
派生：grassland 草地
after ['ɑ ft ] prep. 在 ... 之后
After you ! 您先请！
The children are playing outside after school. (孩子们放学后在外面玩。)
after school 放学后 after work 下班后 after dinner 晚饭后
the day after tomorrow 后天
the day before yesterday 前天
across [ 'kr s] prep. 横过；穿过
I always walk across the park on my way to work. (我上班的路上总是穿过公园。)
注意：这里的across是介词，不能单独作谓语，必须跟动词一起搭配使用。
go across the street
walk across the street
run across the street
cat [k t] n. 猫
The cat is sleeping on the sofa. (猫在沙发上睡觉。)
type [ta p] v. 打字
I'm typing an email to my boss. (我正在给我的老板写邮件。)
She is typing a letter. 她正在打一封信。
letter ['let ] n. 信；字母
love letter n. 情书
write a letter 写信
basket ['bɑ sk t] n. 篮；篓；筐
The fruit is in the basket on the table. (水果在桌子上的篮子里。)
She is emptying a basket. 她正在清空一个篮子。
a basket of oranges一篮橘子
basketball 篮球
eat [i t] v. 吃
I eat an apple a day. 我每天吃一个苹果。
eat breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐/午餐/晚餐
bone [b n] n. 骨头
The dog is eating a bone. 这只狗正在吃一根骨头。
lazybones n. (单复同)懒骨头;懒人
clean [kli n]
1).adj. 干净的
The kitchen is clean. 厨房很干净。
2).v. 清洗
Yang Yi is cleaning his teeth. 杨逸正在清洁牙齿。
派生：cleaner 清洁工
unclean 不洁净的
tooth [tu θ] n. 牙齿
（复）teeth
foot的复数是 feet
I brush my teeth twice a day. (我每天刷牙两次。)
派生：toothbrush 牙刷 toothpaste 牙膏
cook [k k]
1). n. 厨师；炊事员
She is a great cook. (她是一位出色的厨师。)
The cook is making a cake. (厨师正在做蛋糕。)
2).v. 做（饭菜）
Xu Xinyu's mother is cooking in the kitchen.
徐欣钰的妈妈正在厨房里做饭。
派生：cooker 炉子，炊具
milk [m lk]
1). n.牛奶
milkman 送奶工
You should drink milk. 你应该喝牛奶。
2).V. 挤奶
They usually milk the cows at 5 pm. (他们通常在下午五点挤牛奶。)
meal [mi l] n. 饭，一顿饭
cook a meal 做饭
Emma is cooking a meal.
艾玛正在做饭。
We eat three meals a day. 我们一天吃三餐。
drink [dr k] v. 喝；饮
He is drinking a cup of coffee. (他正在喝一杯咖啡。)
She likes to drink tea in the morning. (她喜欢在早上喝茶。)
What would you like to drink 你想喝点什么？
drink tea/coffee/water
派生：drinker 酗酒者
tap [t p]
turn on/off the tap打开/关上水龙头
The girl is turning off the tap. 那个女孩正在关闭水龙头。
Lesson 31 课文讲解
1. What's she doing 她在干什么？
What are you doing 你在做什么？
2. She's sitting under the tree.
He's climbing the tree.
It's running across the grass.
It's running after a cat.
在英文中表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，要用动词的现在进行时。现在进行时由be的现在时加上现在分词组成。
3. I beg your pardon 你说什么？
beg v. 恳求；乞讨 pardon ['pɑ dn] n. 原谅
I beg your pardon 这句实际在真正的生活中很少用，太正式太客气了, 认识就可以了。
Pardon Excuse me Sorry Say it again.
4. What about the dog 那么狗呢？
这句话的意思是What is the dog doing in the garden 为了避免重复原句中的主语和谓语动词，可以用What about 这个结构。
What about ... 表示询问，征求意见
I am an engineer. What about you 我是一名工程师。你呢？
I like winter. What about you 我喜欢冬天。你呢？
What about this dress 这条裙子怎么样？
What about his English 他的英语怎么样？
What about singing a song 唱一首歌怎么样？
5. It's running across the grass. 它正在跑着穿过那片草地。
It is going/walking/running across the grass.
Lesson 31 语法讲解
1. 现在进行时
1). 现在进行时，用来描述正在发生的动作，即说话时正在进行的动作。
2). 构成：主语 + am/is/are + 动词 -ing。
I am reading a book.（我正在看书。）
You are listening to music.（你正在听音乐。）
He is playing basketball.（他正在打篮球。）
She is cooking dinner.（她正在做晚饭。）
They are studying for the exam.（他们正在为考试学习。）
3). 现在进行时的疑问句和否定句。
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词 -ing
否定句：主语 + am not/isn't/aren't + 动词 -ing。
He is reading a magazine.
Is he reading a magazine
He is not reading a magazine.
2. 现在分词（ 动词+ing）的变化规则：
1). 一般情况下: 直接在动词后面加 ing。
do-doing climb-climbing walk-walking sleep-sleeping
see-seeing clean-cleaning open-opening watch-watching
2). 以不发音的e 结尾，去e加 ing
take-taking make-making dance-dancing come-coming
ride-riding write-writing move-moving give-giving
3). 重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写最后一个字母，再加 ing
通俗理解方法：辅+元+辅 （汉堡包结构）
双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing, 除 opening
sit-sitting swim-swimming run-running
put-putting cut-cutting get-getting
shop-shopping
4). 以ie 结尾的动词，把ie 变成y, 再加 ing （这条规则可以暂时不记，初中再记）
lie-lying
tie-tying
die-dying
3. 对画线部分提问
He is swimming in the river.
→Who is swimming in the river.
He is swimming in the river.
→Where is he swimming
He is swimming in the river.
→What is he doing
新概念英语1：Lesson 33 & 34 笔记
Lesson 33-34 单词讲解
day [de ] n. 日子
She has a busy day. 她有一个忙碌的一天。
I go to school every day. 我每天去学校。
What day is it today 今天是星期几？
常用搭配：have a nice day(祝你过得愉快)
派生词：daytime(n. 白天)
weekday 工作日 someday 有朝一日 today 今天
yesterday 昨天 daydream 白日梦 holiday 假日
cloud [kla d] n. 云
There are many clouds in the sky. 天空中有许多云。
派生：cloudy 多云的
sky [ska ] n. 天空
in the sky 在空中
sun [s n] n. 太阳
同音词：son 儿子
The sun is shining and Yang Chen is happy. 阳光明媚，杨辰很开心。
派生：sunshine n.阳光
sunny ['s ni] adj. 阳光充足的
sunhat 太阳帽
sunglass 太阳镜
shine [ a n] v. 照耀；发光
The sun is shining. 太阳在照耀。
The stars are shining. 星星闪闪发光。
with [w ] prep. 与, 和......在一起； 具有，带有
He is with his family. 他和他的家人在一起。
They are with their pets. 他们和他们的宠物在一起。
She is with her boyfriend. 她和她男朋友在一起。
She is a girl with dark hair. 她是一个黑发女孩。
The house is with a garden. 这栋房子带着一个花园。
family ['f m li] n. 家庭；家人
I love my family. 我爱我的家人。
He has a big family. 他有一个大家庭。
We are having a family dinner. 我们正在吃家庭晚餐。
We are a family. 我们是一家人。
Are you the family of ... 你们是.....的家属吗？
常用搭配：family tree(家谱)
a family dinner 家庭晚餐
a family meeting 家庭会议
walk [w k]
1).v.走路，步行
He walks to work every day. 他每天步行上班。
2 ).n.步行；散步
Let's go for a walk after dinner. 晚饭后我们去散步吧。
常用搭配：
take a walk(散步)
go for a walk(去散步)
have a walk(散步)
over [' v ] prep. 在 ... 的上方, 跨越
They are walking/going/running over the bridge. 他们正在桥上走过/跑过。
The plane is flying over the clouds. 飞机在云层上方飞行。
The bird is flying over the trees. 鸟儿在树上飞过。
bridge [br d ] n. 桥
The bridge is high. 桥很高。
boat [b t] n. 船
The boat is sailing on the lake. 小船在湖上航行。
派生：boating n. 划船 lifeboat n.救生船
go boating 去划船
river ['r v ] n.江, 河
They are swimming in the river. 他们在河里游泳。
拓展：湖: lake 洞庭湖 Dongting Lake
海: sea
长江 Yangtze River 黄河 Yellow River
ship [ p] n. 船；轮船
派生：shipping n. 航运；航船
-ing=构成名词或形容词
aeroplane ['e r ple n] n. 飞机
plane n. 飞机
fly [fla ] v. 飞
The bird is flying in the sky. 鸟儿在天空中飞翔。
The plane is flying over the mountains. 飞机正在山上飞行。
派生：flight n. 航班，飞行
sleep [sli p] v.睡觉
-What are you doing 你正在干嘛？
-I am sleeping.
You must be quiet, so daddy can sleep. 你们必须安静，这样爸爸才能睡觉。
派生：sleepy adj. 困倦的，瞌睡的
go to sleep 入睡
go to bed 去睡觉
shave [ e v] v. 刮胡子；剃须
He is shaving his beard. 他正在刮胡子。
beard[b d] n. 胡须
派生：shaver n. 电动剃刀；理发师；
cry [kra ] v. 哭泣；叫喊
The baby is crying. 婴儿在哭泣。
Don't cry for me. 别为我哭泣。
wash [w ] v. 洗
He is washing his face. 他正在洗脸。
They are washing the dishes. 他们正在洗碗。
wait [we t] v. 等待
She is waiting for the bus. 她正在等公交车。
He is waiting for his friends. 他正在等他的朋友。
Wait for me ! 等等我！
派生：waiter n. 男服务员
waitress n. 女服务员
固定搭配：wait for 等待
wait and see 等着瞧；观望
jump [d mp] v. 跳跃；跳动
The frog is jumping in the pond. 青蛙在池塘里跳跃。
Lesson 33 课文讲解
1.It is a fine day today.今天天气好。
这里的it是指天气。
1). it 形式主语， 可以代指天气
It is fine today. 今天天气很好。
It is raining outside. 现在外面正在下雨。
Is it cold today 今天冷吗？
No， it isn't. 不，不冷
2). it 形式主语，可以代指时间
It's 10 o'clock now. 现在是10点钟。
2. There are some clouds in the sky.
天空中飘着几朵云。
some clouds 几朵云
some可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
some flowers 一些花
some milk 一些牛奶
3. Mr. Jones is with his family. 琼斯先生同他的家人在一起。
with 是介词， be with 和......在一起
Chen Jianshuo is with his parents and little brother.
陈健硕和他的父母以及弟弟在一起。
4. They are walking over the bridge. 他们正在过桥。
“over" 这里是介词，有“穿过”的意思。
The plane is flying over the river. 飞机正在河上飞过。
The birds are flying over the house. 鸟儿在屋上飞过。
over 还可以表示“在.....上方” （不接触表面）
The sky is over our hands. 天空在我们头顶上。
5. There are some boats on the river. 河上有几艘船。
on 在......上面（接触表面）
6. The ship is going under the bridge. 那船正从桥下驶过。
ship 一般指海洋中行驶的大船。
boat 一般指河中行驶的小船。
Lesson 33 语法讲解
1. 动词的分类：
1). 行为动词（实义动词）：表人或物的行为。例如：run（跑）、eat（吃）、sleep（睡觉）
I run every day.
I always eat breakfast at 7:00.
2). 连系动词：表示人或物的状态。例如：be（是）、seem（看起来）、feel（感觉）
She is beautiful.
She feels tired after work. 她工作后感觉很累。
I feel happy today. 我今天感觉很开心。
3). 助动词：be（是）、have（有）、do（做）
He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
He is singing.他在唱歌。（is是助动词，无词义，构成现在进行时）。
4). 情态动词：表示说话人的态度、意愿或推测。例如：can（能）、should（应该）、may（可能）， must (必须）
I can swim.我会游泳。
You must do it. 你必须这样做.
2. 及物 & 不及物-行为动词
I wash my hands.
We do our homework.
Look at the blackboard.
He is listening to the radio.
They are waiting for the bus.
3.复习现在进行时
I am cooking.
You are cooking.
He is cooking.
She is cooking.
It is jumping.
We are cooking.
You are cooking.
They are cooking.
I'm= I am You're= You are He's =He is
She's= She is It's=It is We're = We are
They're=They are
新概念英语1：Lesson 35 & 36 笔记
Lesson 35-36 单词讲解
photograph ['f t ɡrɑ f] n. 照片 =photo
ph[ f ] phone
I often take photographs, I like photography.
我经常拍照，我喜欢摄影。
This is a photograph of our village. 这是我们村庄的一张照片。
派生：photographer (n. 摄影师)
take a photograph (照相)
a family photograph (全家福)
photography n. 摄影（业）-y=构成名词
village ['v l d ] n. 村庄，乡村，村
I live in a small village. 我住在一个小村庄。
派生：villager n. 村民
valley ['v li] n. 山谷
in a valley在一个山谷里
between [b 'twi n] prep. 在 ... 之间
between A and B
Just between you and me, don't tell others.
天知地知，你知我知。
The child is between his mother and his father. (这个孩子在他的母亲和父亲之间。)
The village is between the hill and the valley. (这个村庄在山和山谷之间。)
hill [h l] n. 小山
mountain ['ma nt n] 大山
another [ 'n ] det. 另一个
Can I have another apple 我可以再吃一个苹果吗？
Here is another photo of my school.这是我学校的另一张照片。
wife [wa f] n. 妻子；夫人
He has a wife and four children. 他有一个妻子和四个孩子。
husband and wife (夫妻)
along [ 'l ] prep. 沿着；顺着
My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. 我和妻子正沿着河岸走着。
bank [b k] n. 银行；河岸
She works at the local bank. (她在当地的银行工作。)
They are walking along the banks of the river. 他们沿着河岸走着。
There are many flowers and grass on the bank. 河岸上有很多花和草。
water ['w t ] n. 水 v. 给 ... 浇水
I often drink water. 我经常喝水。
Please water the flowers. 请给花儿浇水。
swim [sw m] v. 游泳
Do you often swim in the river 你经常在河里游泳吗？
派生：swimmer n.游泳者
building ['b ld ] n. 建筑物
There are many offices in this tall building.
这栋高楼里有很多的办公室。
派生：build v. 建筑
the school building 教学大楼
He is building a house for his family. (他正在为他的家人建造一座房子。)
park [pɑ k]
n. 公园 The Children are playing in the park. 孩子们在公园里玩耍。
v.停车 park the car
into [' nt ] prep. 到 ... 里；进入
用于表示有特定终点的运动方向，经常与表示动词的动词连用，如，come, go, run, walk 等。
He's going into the shop. 他正走进商店。
Please come into my office. 请进来我的办公室。
反义词：out of 从......里面出来，与into 一样，也表示有一定的运动方向。
He climbs out of the window and onto the roof. (他从窗户爬出去，爬到屋顶上。)
The cat jumps out of the box and runs away. (猫从盒子里跳出来，跑掉了。)
beside [b 'sa d] prep. 在 ... 旁边
I am sitting beside my best friend. (我坐在我最好的朋友旁边。)
off [ f] prep. 离开；在 ... 之外
Turn off the television and go to bed. (关掉电视机去睡觉吧。)
He walks off the field after the game. (比赛结束后，他离开了球场。)
Lesson 35 课文讲解
1. This is a photograph of our village. 这是我们村庄的一张照片。
句中的of 是介词，表示".....的”。
the windows of a room 房间的窗户
a photo of my school 我学校的一张照片
2. It is between two hills. 我们的村庄坐落在一个山谷之中。
3. The villageis on a river.
这句话中的介词 on 不表示“ 在.....上”，而是“邻近，靠近”的意思。
4. Here is another photograph of the village. 这是我们村庄的另一张照片。
another 另外的
Can I have another apple 我可以再吃一个苹果吗？
5. My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river. 我和妻子沿着河岸走着。
along为介词，“沿着”
walk along 沿着......步行
run along沿着......跑
drive along沿着..... 开车
my wife an I ”我和妻子“，在英语中表达“ 我和....."时，要把I 放在别人的后面。
my father and I: 我和我爸爸
6. He is swimming across the river. 他正横渡小河。
across 为介词，表示“ 通过”某个平面。
swim across 横渡游泳
walk across 横穿步行
7. Some children are coming out of the building. 一些孩子正从楼里出来。
out of表示 ”从里向外“的动作
come out of....
run out of....
walk out of...
8. Some of them are going into the park. 他们中有几个正走进公园。
some of them 他们中的一些
some of us 我们中的一些
Lesson 35 语法讲解
谁谁谁“的”
形容词性物主代词
我的 my
你的 your
她的 her
他的 his
我们的 our
你们的 your
他们的 their
's 所有格 -有生命的
Tom 的朋友 Tom's friend
Lily的妈妈 Lily's mother
我妈妈的手提包: my mother's handbag.
那只小狗的名字：the dog's name
孩子们的玩具：children's toys
学生们的书：the students' books(复数名词的所有格以s 结尾的直接加 ' ）
注意：表示时间，距离，国家等无生命的名词，可以用以上规则。
例如：今天的报纸：today's newspaper
两天的工作：two days' work
of 所有格 - 无生命的
我学校的照片：the photo of my school
天空的颜色：the color of the sky
这本书的名字：the name of the book
这房间的窗户：the window of the room
名词所有格拓展
Jim 的房间：Jim's room
Jack 的房间：Jack's room
Jim 和 Jack 的房间：Jim and Jack's room ( 房间属二人共有）
Jim's and Jack's rooms (房间属二人各自所有）
习题：
The woman over there is ____ mother
a. Tom and Tim's b.Tom's and Tim's c.Tom and Tim d. Tom's and Tim