《高中英语（上外版）》 选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Language and Mind Worksheet
课时学习目标：
能依据议论文的文体特征，分析语篇内容，包括论点、论据和论证方法等； 能依据语篇中的例证，归纳和总结作者的观点和态度；
能深入理解语言与思维的关系，并基于个人体验和经历分享外语学习对个人的影响。
I. Pre-reading
1. What are the functions of mind
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Based on your experience, what benefits can learning a language bring to you
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
II. While-reading
1. What’s the long debatable question
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How does the writer prove her perspective on the question
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Read paragraph 2 to 4, and try to list the three claims and examples in support of the author’s perspective.
claim examples
4. Read paragraph 5 to find the expressions that can describe the degree of influence language has on the way people think.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
III. Post-reading
1. Has learning or using English changed the way you think Can you give us some examples
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Assignments
1. Read the excerpt from the lecture to explore more language’s influences on the way people think and complete the table.
2. Watch the whole lecture and finish the exercise. (Optional)
附录：
Instruction: Read the excerpt and finish the table with the examples both from the text and the excerpt.
Now, I've given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in completely different coordinate frames from each other. Language can also have really deep effects --that's what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you don't count, you can't do algebra, you can't do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm.
Language can also have really early effects, what we saw in the case of color. These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make. Language can have really broad effects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns. That means language can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. That's a lot of stuff. And finally, I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us --ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives.
Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 -- there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more -- languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that we're losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. We're losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years. And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better.
I want to leave you with this final thought. I've told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, that's not about how people elsewhere think. It's about how you think. It's how the
language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, "Why do I think the way that I do " "How could I think differently " And also, "What thoughts do I wish to create " Thank you very much.
-an excerpt from the transcription of How language Shapes the Way We Think by Lera Boroditsky
Claims Supporting examples(共24张PPT)
《 高 中 英 语 》 ( 上 外 版 )
选 择 性 必 修 第 二 册 第 二 单 元 第 1课 时 Language and Mind
授 课 教 师 ：
课时
授课内容
1
Getting Started/ Reading A
2
Reading A/ Vocabulary Focus
3
Reading A/ Grammar in Use
4
Listening and Viewing
5
Reading B
6
Critical Thinking and Speaking
7
Writing
8
Further Exploration and Self-assessment
《 高 中 英 语 》 ( 上 外 版 )
选择性必修第二册第二单元
学习目标 Learning Objectives：
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to ...
1.能依据议论文的文体特征，分析语篇内容，包括论点、论据和论证方法等； analyze the content of an argumentative essay according to the stylistic features,
including arguments, evidence and argumentation methods;
2.能依据语篇中的例证，归纳和总结作者的观点和态度；
summarize the author ’s views and attitudes based on the examples in the text;
3.能深入理解语言与思维的关系，并基于个人体验和经历分 享外语学习对个人的影响。
deeply understand the relationship between language and mind, and share the impact of foreign language learning on individuals based on personal experiences.
Brainstorming
Getting started
Skimming
Scanning
“To have a second language is to have a second soul.”
---- Charlemagne (Holy Roman emperor)
“What's in a name A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ”
Language affects reality.
VS.
Language doesn’t affect reality.
Digging in
---- William Shakespeare
The Kuuk Thaayorre people have a good sense of direction because of the language they speak.
Language can influence the way we think about space.
Digging in
Example
Claim
Digging in
Language can influence the way we express colours.
Digging in
Digging in
Language can influence the way we describe accidents.
The vase broke.
The vase broke itself.
He broke the vase. English
Digging in
Spanish
Digging in
Digging in
Discussing
Discussing
More quotes
Personal touch
How long have you been learning English Has
learning or using English changed the way you see the world Can you give us some examples
Personal touch
The limits of my language are the limits of my universe.
--Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Assignments
1. Read the excerpt from the lecture to explore more of language’s influences on the way people think and complete the table on the worksheet.
2. Watch the whole lecture and finish the exercises on the worksheet.
(Optional)
T h a n k y o u ！《高中英语（上外版）》选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Language and Mind
课时：第 1 课时
教学内容：How Language Shapes the Way We Think
课型：Reading
一、教学设计与说明
1. 教学目标
本课为本单元的第一课时，结合单元教学目标的要求，本课时核心目标为帮 助学生通过读和看，了解语言对于思维的影响，获取其中的主要信息和观点；能 识别语篇中的三个主要论点以及相应的支撑论据；能基于所读和所看的内容，进 行推断、比较、分析和概括语言对于思维的影响。
2. 设计思路
本课时属于单元第一课时。语篇类型是公共演讲。语篇内容改编自美国语言 认知学家 Lera Boroditsky 以 “How Language Shapes the Way We Think” 为题在 2018 年 TED 大会中主题讲座的发言稿，主要回答了困扰人类多年的问题，即“语 言如何影响思维 ”。该语篇对原版的演讲稿进行了删减和改写，但保留了演讲中 观点表达和举例论证的核心部分。
要让学生能对语篇的整体组织架构和信息组织的逻辑关系有更深层次的理 解，老师需要设计适切的英语学习活动来锻炼学生定位关键性问题、找出主要观 点、建构论证分析等一系列能力，其中三个步骤层层推进，逐步引导学生结合语 篇结构和文本特征，整合语篇的主旨大意和重要细节。
首先，导入部分通过对两个引用的分析，引入语篇主题，说明两种观点同时 存在。凸显认知冲突，激活学生思维，让学生体会到语言是否会影响思维是人们 长期争论的话题。其次，在读中阶段，引导学生利用 skimming把握作者针对此 话题的立场，确保学生能抓住作者的主要观点。再次，利用 scanning把握作者 对文章关键性问题 “how language shapes the way we think ”的探究过程， 以生动形象的三个关于方向、颜色和归因的生活实例为载体，通过针对语篇主体 段落理解的学习活动让学生体会语篇背后的背景知识和思维差异。最后，引导学 生联系生活情景，反思中文对自身思维的影响，增进文化认同感，培养学生尊重 不同语言和思维方式的意识。
由于语篇改编自TED 演讲，为了更好地还原主题语境，把握文章，教师将原
作中省去的不同语言对于思维影响的其他例子作为拓展阅读材料，要求同学们运 用本课时讲述的论点和举例论证的方法在表格中梳理呈现。另外，将观看原 TED 演讲视频作为选做作业，供学有余力的同学观看。
3. 重点难点
理解语篇文本背后的隐含意思，结合自身经验反思语言和思维之间的关系， 梳理出 claim and example 的结构，真正理解语篇描述的不同语言造成的思维方式 的差异。
Lesson Plan
Teaching Objectives:
By the end of the class, you are expected to:
1. analyze the content of an argumentative essay according to the stylistic features, including arguments, evidence and argumentation methods;
2. summarize the author’s views and attitudes based on the examples in the text;
3. deeply understand the relationship between language and mind, and share the impact of foreign language learning on individuals based on personal experiences.
Teaching Procedures:
I. Pre-reading
Interactive Activity 1: Brainstorming possible functions of mind
*T: Ask students to brainstorm possible functions of mind. *Ss: Brainstorm the possible functions of mind and answer the question. Purpose: To introduce the topic and inspire students to think about functions of mind
Guided Question:
What are the functions of mind
Interactive Activity 2: Getting started with possible benefits of learning a language
*T: Ask students to answer the question on possible benefits of learning a language *Ss: Think and answer the question. Purpose: To inspire students to think about the benefits of learning a language.
Guided Question:
Based on your experience, how can learning a language benefit you
II. While-reading
Interactive Activity 3: Skimming the passage for the main idea .
*T: Guide students to skim the title and introduction and answer the question. *Ss: Skim the title and introduction, and predict the main idea of the passage. Purpose: To lead students to skim and predict the main idea of the passage
Guided Question:
What’s the passage mainly about
Interactive Activity 4: Scanning the passage to find out the writer’s perspective.
*T: Guide students to scan the passage with questions. *Ss: Scan the text and figure out the author’s perspective. Purpose: To lead students to identify the author’s point in the text
Guided Questions:
1. What’s the long debatable question
2. How does the writer prove her viewpoint on the question
Interactive Activity 5: Digging in: Read the first paragraph and find out different attitudes towards the question.
*T: Guide students to read the first paragraph with questions. *Ss: Read the first paragraph and figure out the answers to the questions. Purpose: To lead students to find out different perspectives on the question
Guided Questions:
1. Do people have the same answer to the question: does the language we speak shape the way we think
2. What’s the writer’s answer
Interactive Activity 6: Digging in: Read the first example and understand the claim and example pattern.
*T: Get students to think why Kuuk Thaayorre only has cardinal directions. *Ss: Read the second paragraph, think about the question, and share their ideas in pairs. Purpose: To help students understand and experience language’s influence on Kuuk Thaayorre’s spatial cognition
Guided Question:
How does the use of Kuuk Thaayorre language affect the way its speakers think
Interactive Activity 7: Digging in: Read the second supporting example and summarize the claim and the example.
*T: Get students to find out the reason why Russian speakers are faster in color recognition than English speakers.
*Ss: Read and try to come up with their own assumptions.
Purpose: To help students recognize language’s influence on Russians’ visual cognition
Guided Questions:
1. What’s the claim
2. How do Russian and English affect the way their speakers think about colors
Interactive Activity 8: Digging in: Read the third supporting example and summarize the claim and example.
*T: Get students to figure out why English speakers and Spanish speakers choose different expressions when describing the accident.
*Ss: Read the corresponding paragraph and discuss the guided question in pairs.
Purpose: To help students experience the language’s influence on deductive cognition
Guided Questions:
1. What’s the claim
2. Which expression will you choose to describe the accident
3. How do Spanish and English affect the way their speakers think about blame and punishment
Interactive Activity 9: Digging in: Read the last two paragraphs and find out the writer’s conclusion.
*T: Get students to identify what influence language has on the way people think. *Ss: Identify the adjectives and answer the question. Purpose: To help students conclude the supporting examples back to the main idea
Guided Question:
How does language shape the way we think
III. Post-reading
Interactive Activity 10: Discussing and categorizing more quotes on the relationship between language and mind
*T: Ask students to discuss and categorize more quotes on the relationship between language and mind. *Ss: Discuss and categorize the quotes in Exercise III. Purpose: To guide students to further understand the relationship between language and mind
Interactive Activity 11: Discussing the real-life examples in groups
*T: Ask students to discuss how Chinese and English shape the way they think. *Ss: Discuss and come up with their own examples. Purpose: To inspire students to express their views on the relationship between language and mind with their real-life experiences
Guided Question:
Has learning or using English changed the way you see the world Can you give us
some examples
IV. Assignments
1. Read the excerpt from the lecture to explore more language’s influences on the way people think and complete the table.
2. Watch the whole lecture and finish the exercise. (Optional)《高中英语（上外版）》 选择性必修第二册 Unit 2 Language and Mind Worksheet
I. Pre-reading
1. What are the functions of mind
Our mind can give us the ability to memorize words and to concentrate during class time.
Our mind can give us the ability to understand different ideas and to calculate numbers when shopping. Our minds can help us create things.
2. Based on your experience, what benefits can learning a language bring to you
Based on my experience of learning English, I think learning a language has many benefits, including improving my memory. For example, when I was in primary school, memorizing new words was always a challenge for me, but with the growing ability of my English, I became better at memorizing new words and expressions.
In my opinion, learning a language can improve my concentration and build my willpower because when I try to express my thoughts in English, I need to keep making efforts to concentrate and try my best to express myself in a clear and simple way so that the listeners understand me.
II. While-reading
1. What’s the long debatable question
According to the first paragraph, the long debatable question is whether language shapes the way we think.
2. How does the writer prove her perspective on the question
The author uses three claims and corresponding examples to support her point of view.
3. Read paragraph 2 to 4, and try to list the three claims and examples in support of the author’s perspective.
claim examples
Language can influence the way we think about space. The Kuuk Thaayorre people have a good sense of direction because of the language they speak.
Language can influence the way we express colours. Influenced by the language they speak, Russian people are faster when recognizing the difference between dark blue and light blue.
Language can influence the way we describe accidents. English speakers and Spanish speakers pay attention to different aspects when describing an accident, because the action doer is usually mentioned in English but is normally not mentioned in Spain.
4. Read paragraph 5 to find the expressions that can describe the degree of influence language has on the way people think.
Language can have big effects, as we saw with space. Language can also have really early effects, as we saw in the case of color. They have an impact on our simple, basic decisions. And finally we saw how language can shape things that have personal significance for us -- ideas like blame and punishment.
III. Post-reading
1. Has learning or using English changed the way you think Can you give us some examples
Yes, there are many differences between Chinese and English, so when I want to talk about the same thing in different ways, I have to change the way I think. For example, when I write the address of my school in English, I have to start with the smaller units while the beginning of an address is always a large unit.
IV. Assignments
1. Read the excerpt from the lecture to explore more language’s influences on the way people think and complete the table.
2. Watch the whole lecture and finish the exercise. (Optional)
附录：
Instruction: Read the excerpt and finish the table with the examples both from the text and the excerpt.
Now, I've given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So languagecanhavebigeffects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in completely different coordinate frames from each other. Languagecanalsohavereallydeep effects --that's what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you don't count, you can't do algebra, you can't do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm.
Languagecanalsohavereallyearlyeffects, what we saw in the case of color. These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make. Languagecanhavereallybroadeffects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns. That means language can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. That's a lot of stuff. And finally, I gave you an example of how languagecanshapethingsthat have personalweighttous -- ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives.
Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 -- there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more -- languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that we're losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. We're losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years. And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better.
I want to leave you with this final thought. I've told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, that's not about how people elsewhere think. It's about how you think. It's how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, "Why do I think the way that I do " "How could I think differently " And also, "What thoughts do I wish to create " Thank you very much.
-an excerpt from the transcription of How language Shapes the Way We Think by Lera Boroditsky
Claims Supporting examples
Languagecan have bigeffects. When describing space and time, people speaking different languages can lay them out in completely different coordinate frames from each other.
Languagecan alsohavereallydeepeffects. In the case of number, having count words or number words in your language open up the whole world of mathematics.
Languagecan alsohavereallyearlyeffects. In the case of color, people speaking different languages make simple, basic, perceptual decisions differently.
Languagecan havereally broadeffects. In the case of grammatical gender, it can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun.
Language can shape things that have (
personal weight to u
s.
) In the case of blame and punishment or eyewitness memory, these are important things in our daily lives.
