2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（6份打包）

2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（3）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Improving Economi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c Situation In Greece)
Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from ‘invisible earnings’ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.
It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.
In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don’t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece’s problems. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:
“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”
Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.
1.The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A] Greek income and expenditures.
The improving economic situation in Greece.
[C] The value of tourism.
[D] Military expenditures.
2.Many peasants earn less than
[A] $60 a week.
$2 a week.
[C] $1 a day.
[D] $10 a month.
3.The Greek Government spends
[A] more than 25%of its budget on military terms.
More than its collects.
[C] A third of a billion dollars in gold.
[D] Less than 25% of its budget on military terms.
4.According to the passage, Greece has
[A] a dictatorship.
a monarchy.
[C] a single majority party.
[D] too much red tape.
5.Greece imports annually goods and materials
[A] totaling almost $700 million.
that balance exports.
[C] that are paid by tourists.
[D] costing $66 million.
Vocabulary
1.remittance 汇款（额）
2.wash out 洗掉，取消、告吹、冲掉、筋疲力尽
3.drachma 古希腊银币 德拉克马（现代希腊货币单位）
4.lot 份额
5.incompatible 水火不相容的，不能共存的
6.coalesce （政党）联合，愈合，接合
7.highlight 光线最强处，最重要部分，最精彩场面
8.margin （成本和售价的）差额，空白，边缘
9.bog down 陷于困境，使停顿
10.red tape 官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公务程序
11.shrewdness 清明，机灵
12.deadlock 僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局
难句译注
1. Greece, economically is in the black.
【参考译文】希腊经济上说是赢利/富裕的
2. With very little export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay its needed, growing imports.
【参考译文】除了农产品，如烟草、棉花和水果之外，希腊没有什么出口货，但它从“无形的收益”中挣不少，足够致富所需的一切――日益增长的进口货。
3. This washes out almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.
【参考译文】这笔钱冲掉了进口超过出口近4亿美元的差额。
4. So far most American and other foreign attempts have bogged down in the Greek government’s red tape and shrewdness about small points.
【参考译文】到目前为止由于希腊政府那种繁琐而又拖拉的公务程序和对小事的精明，大多数美国和其他国家的尝试的工作都陷入困境。
5. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.
【参考译文】他们绝望地陷于意见和观点完全分歧的僵局之中。
6. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris and Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic chocked streets of either.
【参考译文】喷气式飞机的发展使雅典和巴黎、罗马一样很容易到达，却没有那两个城市的交通堵塞的接到的高昂代价。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇以过去和现在对比的手法，论述了希腊经济，主要是旅游业的发展。过去，希腊以无形资产赢得之利润，来消除赤字，还可稍有节余。但贫穷、事业情况严重，政府办事拖拉、繁琐也影响国外的投资，虽然早在1956年就准备扩展旅游业，但意见分歧。现在，情况大变，就旅游一项年收入由3100万增至9000万美元。
答案详解
1. B 希腊经济形式的改善。文章围绕这一中心而写。文章一开始就提出希腊出口除了农产品之外，没有什么东西，而无形资产如旅游、运输和国外的汇款等可挣得37500万美元。两项加在一起来抵消入超赤字近4亿美元，稍有结余。第三段指出，希腊是自由欧洲最穷的国家，许多农民年收入为60－70美元。失业现象席卷城市乡镇，建立工业基地的自然资源极少。政府的繁琐事务程序，关注琐事等情况使美国和其他国家试图展开工作陷于停滞状态。第四段开始指出1956年起开拓旅游业，不过意见还是分歧。第五断提出今天惊人的变化，美丽的历史古城呈现新貌，就旅游一项收入由3100万增至9000万美元。旅馆面貌大变。
A.希腊的收支。C.旅游的价值。D.军事费用。
2. B少于2美元一星期。文章第三段第三句：最佳情况，年收入为60－70美元使大多数农民的份额。所以B项最接近年收入。
A.60美元一星期。C.一天一美元。D.一个月10美元。
3. A 百分之25以上用于军事。第二段：虽然四个德拉克马中有一个用于国防，政府最终还稍有结余――6600万美元。
B.比收入的还多。C.十亿金子中的三分之一。D.少于百分之25。
4. C单一大党。第二段：希腊的政府不依靠水火不相容的政党之间的合作来取得一会的多数席位，这说明是单一大党。
A.独裁、专政。B.君主政体。D.太多的繁琐程序。
5. A总计几乎在7亿美元左右。第一段中提到希腊出口商品价值28500万美元，而进口超出出口4亿美元。两者相加为6亿2千5百万美元，相当于几乎在7亿美元左右。
B.和出口平衡。C.由旅游者支付。D.花费6600万美元。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·西宁市质检一，D)
If you feel at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )present that you don't have enough friends in your life, one reason may be that you have let yourself become too busy to make time for the relationships you already have. Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment. Many of us let our lives become so busy with work and other commitments that we don't get around to scheduling time for pleasure and renewal with the friends, relatives and acquaintances we already have.
Making the effort to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) call your friends more regularly and to accept more of the invitations you receive from others can improve your social life in a hurry!
Are there any pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople you could call right now and be assured of a pleasant welcome Are there people that you could count on to help you in time of difficulty Can you have close talks with them Do you have fun when you are together Are you happy to have them in your life
If you haven' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t seen much of them lately, is it because you have become too busy Have you grown apart Was there an argument
If the main reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) why you haven't been getting together with the people you already know is that you have gotten too busy, take a good look at how you spend your pare it with your real values and priorities in life. Is your busy lifestyle really bringing you the quality of life that you want
If you have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come too busy for friends, why has this happened Are you seeking material toys in your life at the expense of relationships with other human beings Have you allowed your time to be over committed because you never say “No” to anyone Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be left to others If so, why Do you believe that everything depends on you
Examine whether the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay you are now spending your time accurately reflects your deepest values and priorities. Make sure that you schedule adequate time for the things that are truly most important to you.
If you really ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )want to keep friends in your life, make a space in your schedule, and a space in your heart for them.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是不是感到生活中缺少朋友？如果是这样，那么也许是因为你忙于工作而疏远了朋友。交朋友和维持友谊需要努力和承诺，因此，不论工作多么繁忙，都应该留出时间给朋友。
12．In this passage the author mainly discusses ________.
A．how to balance friendship and work
B．how to spend our spare time
C．whether we should keep friendship
D．whether we should invite friends to dinner
答案：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要就繁忙的工作状态下不要忘了和朋友联系而展开讨论，讲述了如何去平衡友谊和工作的关系。故A项正确。
13．Which of the following doesn't indicate a good relationship
A．You have someone to count on when you are in trouble.
B．You have someone to have close talks with.
C．You feel depressed with others in life.
D．You have fun when you are with someone.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三、四段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，如果你遇到困难时有依靠，有人和你进行亲密交流，你和别人在一起能得到乐趣，说明你和他人关系良好。由此可知，A、B、D三项能表明友谊良好。故选C项。
14．The reason why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you have become too busy for friends may be the following except that ________.
A．you spend too much time seeking material toys in your life
B．you feel it difficult to keep friendship
C．you stick to doing everything all by yourself
D．you never refuse whatever other people ask you to do
答案：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第二至 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四句“Are you seeking material toys... Have you allowed your time to be over committed because you never say ‘No’ to anyone Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be left to others？”可排除选项A、C和D。故选B项。
15．The best title for the passage may be ________.
A．Too busy for Friendship
B．Too busy with work
C．How to Spend Your Time
D．How to Make New Friends
答案：A　标题概括题。通过对全文的整体理解可知，文章重点论述了生活中淡忘了朋友可能是自己太忙的缘故。故A项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·济南市4月模拟，D)
More over smart p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hi tech current, allowing wearers to glance at messages and even take calls without touching their phones. The i'm Watch, available since 2011, is the flagship product of an Italian company—i'm. This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone, with which it can communicate by Bluetooth wireless technology. It means you can leave your phone in your pocket as you answer or reject a call, review e mails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.
The i'm Watch also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has its own applications, such as i'm Sport, which links with a heart rate detector (检测器) to allow a runner to check his pulse. Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.
With a square sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ape, a 3.8 centimeter touch screen and various colors, the i'm Watch sells for a minimum of 300 Euros ($390) for the basic model and prices climb to 16 000 Euros for a luxury model in silver or decorated with diamonds.
So far, the watch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has already found 30 000 buyers, 80 percent of whom are men aged 25 to 50. “Seventy percent are iPhone users, 25 percent Samsung and the rest are other telephones using Google's Android operating system，” said Massimiliano Bertolini, a manager of the company, which aims to sell more than 200 000 watches this year. The company's target market is the person who is always glued to his smart phone, even in meetings or at the movies, or people who wish to keep an eye on their heartbeat during exercise. They will especially target women with advertisements emphasizing its design rather than its technology.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款最新的智能手表。
16．The text is meant to ________.
A．advertise a hand held device
B．show an example of high tech
C．introduce a new type of watch
D．compare the phone with the watch
答案：C　写作意图题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第一段第一句“More over smart phone, the intelligent watch is about to take your spot as the latest hi tech current...”和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍最新的科技产品：智能手表，故答案C符合文义。
17．Which of the following best describes the i'm Watch
A．Economical. B．Typical.
C．Multifunctional. D．Traditional.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后两句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“This smart watch is an assist to the smart phone... review e mails or read updates from friends on Twitter or Facebook.”可推知，文中介绍的智能手表是多功能的，故答案C符合文义。
18．Why is the i'm Watch superior to other specialized sports watches
A．It provides a better service.
B．It is linked to smart phones.
C．It has a heart rate detector.
D．It owns fancy appearance.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句“Such functions already exist in specialized sports watches but not on watches that are linked to smart phones.”可知，答案B符合文义。
19．Which group of people may be attracted by the i'm Watch
A．Sports lovers having smart phones.
B．Women preferring advertisements.
C．People using Android system.
D．iPhone users seeking convenience.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Seventy percent are iPhone users...”可知，答案D符合文义。
20．What can we learn about the i'm Watch according to the text
A．It can control a runner's pulse.
B．It has a wide range of prices.
C．It can replace the smart phones.
D．It is popular among teenagers.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“a minimum of 300 Euros... to 16 000 Euros... with diamonds.”可推知，根据i'm Watch这款智能表的款式和材质不同，它的售价有很大的范围，故答案B符合文义。2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（2）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Most Important o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f All Human Qualities is a Sense of Humor)
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin’s early films. The little man at odds with society never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ‘Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.’
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.
This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gulliver’s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can’t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.
The sense of humor must be singled out as man’s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative – these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
1.The most important of all human qualities is
[A] a sense of humor.
A sense of satire.
[C] A sense of laughter.
[D] A sense of history.
2.The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin’s early films because
[A] they can amuse people.
Human beings are different from animals.
[C] They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
[D] They show that people have the same ability to laugh.
3.One of the chief functions of irony and satire is
[A] to show absurdity of actions.
to redress balance.
[C] to take the wind out of politicians.
[D] to show too much grimness in the world.
4.What do we learn from the sentence ‘it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes ’
[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.
It can arouse people to riot.
[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related.
[D] It can make people laugh.
5.Who is Swift
[A] A novelist.
A poet.
[C] A dramatist.
[D] A essayist.
Vocabulary
1.devoid 没有，缺乏
2.plague n.瘟疫，惹人烦恼的人和事v.给……造成麻烦，痛苦，困难
3.faction 派别
4.comic stereotype 可笑/滑稽的模式
5.commentator （集注）作者，评论员，解说员
6.tinkle n.一连串的丁零声，电话声，v.使发出丁零声
7.fanatic 狂热者（尤指宗教、政治的狂热）
8.lop-sided 不均匀的
9.hover 翱翔，盘旋；彷徨
10.somber 低沉的，暗淡的，严峻的
11.redress 纠正，补偿
12.pompous 自大的，浮夸的
13.arrogant 傲慢的
14.proportion 均衡，匀称，平衡，比例
15.Lilliputian 微型的，极小的，源自《格列佛游记》中的小人国里的人
16.totalitarian 极权主义的
17.regime 政体，政权，统治方式或制度
难句译注
1． In a divided world, laughter is a unifying force.
【参考译文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一种促成一致（团结）的力量。
2． Human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps,
【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰。
3． Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。
4． Charlie Chaplin查理 卓别林1889-1977，英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员，导演及制片人。
5． At odds with society和社会格格不入。
6． Dr. Samuel Johnson撒缪尔 约翰生，1709-1784，英国辞典编撰者及作家。
7． A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roar.
【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样，笑也许是银铃般优雅轻笑，也许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑。
8． If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously.
【参考译文】如果我们能见到可笑的一面，我们就不会犯这种错误：对自己看得过重（自以为了不起）。
9． We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop-sided view of things.
【参考译文】我们会经常提醒自己祸兮福所伏（悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远），那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物。
10． Take the wind out of sb’s sails使某人气馁或泄气。
11． Swift Jonathan swift乔纳森 思维福特1667-1745，英国作家，生于都柏林，曾获牛津大学硕士，三一学院神学博士学位，1688年到英国，后加入英国国教会。他同情英国统治下的爱尔兰人民，积极参加他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争。他以政治讽刺文著世，其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密，用词简洁、语言朴实清晰，被认为是英语的典范，《格列佛游记》是他的代表作之一。
12． We laugh because we are meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too.
【结构简析】mean to do是打算或注定要…，一般用于被动。
【参考译文】我们笑是因为想笑，可是我们也想哭。是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑，确实也是可悲。作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在。
写作方法与文章大意 文章以部部深入，一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能。
形式多种、效果一样。天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系，对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑――一种一致的力量。
笑基于幽默感，有了它，人们会乐观、愉快、轻松，不偏不倚地对待一切，悲剧中寓以喜剧，幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙。
论及的同时作者佐以例子，卓别林的早期电影，《格列佛游记》中的小人国战争等。
答案详解
1. A 幽默感。文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感。反过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，因为它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、创造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。
B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。
2. C 作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。
A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。
3. B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在痛苦中挣扎，常处于战争的边缘。政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅；可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。
A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。
4. A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。
B.这可促使人民暴动。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。
5. A小说家。
B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·乌鲁木齐三诊，B)
Nowadays, it seems tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t everybody wants to be a leader. Countless books about how to manage a company or influence others fill bookstores. But one needn't be a CEO or Politician to be a leader. Former U. S. President John Adams said, “If your action inspires others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”
The key to beco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ming such a leader lies in character. People follow only those whom they respect, trust and admire. What attractive traits does such a leader have Below are five of the most important.
Leaders have courage
The New York firefight ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers who ran into the burning World Trade Tower to rescue others are modern day models of courage. Yet even more than physical courage, the everyday demands of modern life require moral courage. Insisting on doing the right thing despite pressure to act otherwise takes such courage.
Leaders must ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )face fear and doubt in many of the decisions they make. Having these feelings doesn't mean one isn't courageous. After all, courage is not the absence of fear. Rather, it's doing the right thing despite one's fears.
Leaders are humble
Being humble ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )simply means having an accurate view of one's own limitations. Everybody has limitations. Leaders deal with theirs by seeking help from others.
When leaders seek ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help, they recognize the skills that order other people bring to the table. And when they are successful, leaders generously praise all who contributed to the success. Humble leaders don't promote themselves; they promote others.
Learning is a lifelo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng goal, no matter one's position. Humble leaders are never too proud to learn from all sources of knowledge—even those under them.
Leaders serve others
Just Christ said， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“If anyone wants to be first, he must be the very last, and the servant of all.” Leaders serve others and put the needs of others before themselves. They make the good of everyone on the team a personal priority.
Leaders who serve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) others help the whole team accomplish more. Leaders do things to make sure everybody has the resources needed. They go the extra mile to help out during a busy rush. When leaders serve, followers are also encouraged to serve each other.
Leaders have passion
Money or succe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss can motivate someone to show up for an activity. But what motivates one to really put his heart into something The answer is passion—the feeling that the activity is significant.
Outstanding lead ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers inspire others because they are motivated by passion for what they do. Leaders show the significance of routine work to others by emphasizing the big picture. They demonstrate how an activity not only benefits the individual, but also one's family, community and entire society. Their passion ignites the passion of others.
Leaders have integrity
One's integrity ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n be measured by what one does when nobody is looking. Leaders practice what they preach all the time, not just in the presence of others. Leaders also set the example for integrity. If a leader values being punctual, he arrives early.
Leadership is more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about who you are than what you know or can do. By following these principles, you can become a better person. And that in turn will make you a better leader.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要介绍了领导者的特征和品质，要做一名领导者不一定要做CEO或政客，如果你的行为能激励他人，让他人学到更多，做得更多，成就更多，你就是一名领导者。
5．Which should be the very beginning of the text
A．Strong and effec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tive leadership might have made the team more successful.
B．Leadership is the position of being the leader.
C．Leadership is n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot just about what you know or do—it's also about who you are!
D．Leadership refers to the set of characteristics.
答案：C　推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述领导并不是关于他们所懂的和所做的，而是关于他们个人的品格特征等，首段通常与尾段相呼应，故C项正确。
6．What does the underlined word “traits” probably mean
A．A strong po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )int that one who serves in a special field should be skilled in.
B．A particular c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )haracteristic that can produce a particular type of behavior.
C．A physical or mental power that is needed to do something.
D．A clear purpose that a good leader should work with.
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据该句中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“such a leader have”以及下文所介绍的领导者的五个重要的品格特征可知，traits意为“人的个性特点”，故B项正确。
7．This action “If ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a leader wants everyone to work hard, he works harder.” belongs to ________.
A．Leaders are humble
B．Leaders serve others
C．Leaders have passion
D．Leaders have integrity
答案：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第三句“Leaders also set the example for integrity.”可知，领导者往往起到榜样的作用，由此可推出，“领导者想要他人努力工作，他也努力工作”能体现出Leaders have integrity这个品质。故D项正确。
8．What could be the best title for the text
A．A Leader's Character
B．A Leader for an Organization
C．The Abilities of a Leader
D．The Responsibilities of a Leader
答案：A　标题概括题。根据第二段最后两 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“What attractive traits does such a leader have Below are five of the most important.”以及最后一段第一句“Leadership is more about who you are than what you know or can do.”可知，本文主要讲述了领导者的品质。故A项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·西宁市质检一，C)
A year after gra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )duation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”
The position ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full length mirror, repeating the words，“Hello, class. I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12 year old boy.
I arrived in the cla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.
“All right then， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”
A terrible silen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。毕业一年后，作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作。文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课。
9．The author took the job to teach writing because ________.
A．he wanted to be respected
B．he had written some stories
C．he wanted to please his father
D．he had dreamed of being a teacher
答案：A　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段第三至五句“... as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis... or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”可知，作者接受这份工作是希望得到别人的尊重。故A项正确。
10．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2
A．He would be aggressive in his first class.
B．He was well prepared for his first class.
C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段倒数第二句“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知，等第一节课真正到来时，作者感到十分紧张。故C项正确。
11．Before he st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arted his class, the author asked the students to ________.
A．write down their suggestions on the paper cards
B．cut maple leaves out of the construction paper
C．cut some cards out of the construction paper
D．write down their names on the paper cards
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一句“... and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可知，D项正确。2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（6）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
In my living ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.
Dorothy taught in a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight－mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
From the moment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don't know, poke greens are a weed－type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one－and－only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
61．“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to ________．
A. a program directed by Dorothy
B. a course given by the author
C. an activity held by the students
D. an organization sponsored by Union College
62．In the journey, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) author was most disappointed at seeing ________．
A. the long track B. the poor houses
C. the same train D. the winding road
63．Upon arriving at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the classroom, the author was cheered up by ________．
A. a warm welcome
B. the sight of poke greens
C. Dorothy's latest projects
D. a big dinner made for her
64．What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph
A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C. She passed the required assessment.
D. She received her Ph.D. degree.
65．What does the author mainly intend to tell us
A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.
B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.
C. However poor you are, you have the right to education.
D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.
【要点综述】 Dorothy在一所条件非常差的学校获得了很大的成功，这说明一个人获得成功与他在什么地方没有直接关系，最重要的是要付出努力。
61. B　细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第三句可知，Early Childhood Development是作者教的一门课程。
62. B　细节理解题。 根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第二段最后一句的“…the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.”可知，又小又破的房子使作者感到最为失望，因此B项正确。
63. A　细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第一、二句可知，一到Dorothy的教室，作者就受到热烈的欢迎，这使她的忧郁消失了，因此A项正确。
64. C　推理判断题。 文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章最后一段第三句提到Dorothy面试材料准备充分，而此段的“…to celebrate her victory…”说明Dorothy已经通过了评估测试。
65. D　主旨大意题。文章通过讲述Dor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )othy在极其恶劣的环境下获得成功的故事，说明一个人不管在什么地方，只要付出努力就能实现自己的梦想，因此D项正确。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
It's such a happy－lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm－tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, it's pedestrian－friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.
It's a library built with love.
A year ago, sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsin－based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “That's what we're going to do for our spring break！”
Son Austin, now a 10 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th－grader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51－year－old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he'd built years earlier for daughter Abbie's toy horses, and made a door of glass.
After adding ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the library's final touches (装点), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2，500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.
They stocked it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with 20 or so books they'd already read, a mix of science fiction, reference titles, novels and kids' favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again，” said Janey, a stay－at－home mom.
Since then, th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.
The project's be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st payoff, says Peter, are the thank－you notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”
66．In what way is the library “pedestrian－friendly”？
A. It owns a yellow roof.
B. It stands near a sidewalk.
C. It protects book lovers from the sun.
D. It uses palm－tree stickers as decorations.
67．Janey got the idea to build a library from ________．
A. a visit to Brian Williams
B. a spring break with her family
C. a book sent by one of her neighbors
D. a report on a Wisconsin－based organization
68．The library was built ________．
A. by a ship supply company
B. on the basis of toy horses
C. like a mailbox
D. with glass
69．What can we infer about the signboard
A. It was made by a user of the library.
B. It marked a final touch to the library.
C. It aimed at making the library last long.
D. It indicated the library was a family property.
70．The passage tells us that the users ________．
A. donate books to the library
B. get paid to collect books for the library
C. receive thank－you notes for using the library
D. visit the library over 5 times on average daily
【要点综述】 文章主要讲述了Janey Henriksen一家建立微型图书馆的故事。
66. B　细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第二句可知这个特殊的图书馆为过路的人提供借书的方便，因此B项正确。
67. D　细节理解题。 根据文章第三段第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句可知Janey Henriksen是因为看到一篇关于the Little Free Library organization准备建社区图书馆的报道后受到启发才建这样特殊的图书馆的。
68. C　细节理解题。 根据文章第四段第一句可知C项正确。
69. C　推理判断题。 根据文章第五段可知，这个标牌要读者拿走一本书一定要归还，其目的是使图书馆能够持续更长的时间。
70. A　主旨大意题。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据文章倒数第二段第一句可知借书者经常捐书给图书馆，因此A项正确；文章没有提到给图书馆筹备书应获得报酬，因此B项错误；文章最后一段提到Peter经常收到借书者的感谢信，而不是借书者收到感谢信，因此C项错误；根据文章倒数第二段第二句可知D项错误。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·西安市标准化考练，C)
On a visit to Japan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), Wangari Maathai learned the story of the hummingbird (蜂鸟) and the forest fire. While the other animals run in fear, the hummingbird flies above the fire time and again, leaving a few drops of water from its beak.
“Why do you b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other？” the other animals shout at the hummingbird. “I'm doing the best that I can，” the hummingbird replies.
“It's such a beau ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tiful story，” Ms. Maathai says, thinking of the world's environmental problems. “There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.”
In 2004 Maathai was h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM), which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment. Since then, she's realized that people's values are what inspire them. If the values are good ones, good actions will follow.
“If you don't ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve good values, you'll develop vices (恶劣行径)，” says Maathai. “And if we give in to the vice, we destroy ourselves. We destroy the environment.” That's the message of her new book.
In 1971, Maathai rec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eived a doctor's degree from the University of Nairobi, the largest university in Kenya. She's now back in her homeland beginning work on the Wangari Maathai Institute for Peace and Environmental Studies (WMI) at the University of Nairobi. “They want to call it after me，” she says.
WMI will pay more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) attention to “learning by doing” and use knowledge to deal with real problems. “What Africa needs is people who are willing to get their fingers dirty and work with the people，” says Maathai.
Planting trees is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one way people connect with the natural world. She continues to inspire others. “There is no lasting peace until we have peace with the earth itself，” she says.
文章大意：本文是一篇报道。保护环境人人有责， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章主要讲述了诺贝尔和平奖获得者Maathai保护环境的一些具体活动以及她关于保护环境的一些看法。
9．Why does Wangari Maathai think highly of the hummingbird
A．It can create water from its beak.
B．It helps the other animals run away.
C．It tries its best to put out the fire.
D．It finds out a way to save the forest.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“I'm doing the best that I can”和第三段“... thinking of the world's environmental problems. ‘There's always something we can do with our little beak like the little hummingbird.’”可知，Maathai对蜂鸟评价很高的原因是蜂鸟会尽自己的全力去扑灭大火。故C项正确。
10．Those who work for GBM are mainly ________.
A．environmental experts
B．women villagers
C．people who had good values
D．people who love birds
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“... which hires villagers, especially women, to improve the environment.”可知，B项正确。
11．Which of the following is TRUE about Wangari Maathai
A．She is from Japan.
B．She received a Nobel Prize.
C．She is a university teacher.
D．She has always raised the hummingbird.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段第一句中“In 2004 Maathai was honored with a Nobel Peace Prize for her work founding the Green Belt Movement (GBM)”可知，B项正确。
12．According to Wangari Maathai, ________.
A．good actions lead to good values
B．people's values influence their actions
C．everybody has a possibility to develop vices
D．people who have bad values may have good actions
答案：B　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可知，Maathai认为，如果你没有好的价值观，就会有不良行为；如果我们屈从于错误的价值观的话，就会伤害自己，破坏环境。故B项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·西安市标准化考练，D)
Up to 45 rare specie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of Australian animals are in danger of becoming extinct within 20 years, scientists warned in a report. But hope is not lost! According to the report, the species can be saved if immediate action is taken to control their natural predators (天敌) and other threats.
The threatened ani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mals can be found in the faraway Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. The region is similar in square miles to California. Thirty percent of the endangered species are unique to the region, while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.
Dr. Tara Marti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n, a research scientist said in the report, “A large extinction event is happening in Australia. The north has really been the last stronghold (主要栖息地) for many species of birds and mammals and reptiles. The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”
Many of the species ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e under threat because they are hunted by wild cats. These cats kill around 500 000 native animals in the Kimberley region every day. The species face another threat, too. Their native habitat is also being destroyed by wildfires and by wild donkeys and goats that compete for food and water. Humans introduced cats, donkeys and goats to Australia to be farm animals or pets. However, their populations have exploded in the region because they have few natural predators.
The report calls for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )$ 95 million to immediately start protection programs. The report also suggests reducing wild donkey and goat populations in the region, building fences, fighting wildfires and educating the community about how to help the endangered species. Richard Hobbs, an ecologist at the University of Western Australia, says the costs are worthwhile because the measures will not be too difficult to carry out.
文章大意：本文是一篇调查报告。在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )澳大利亚有多达45种稀有动物在接下来的二十年里将会灭绝。报告主要讲述了这些物种所面临的危险并提出了保护它们应该采取的一些措施。
13．Which of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he following should be done to protect the rare species of Australian animals
A．Providing new habitat for them.
B．Supplying more food and water to them.
C．Getting rid of the dangers to them.
D．Leading them to the north of Australia for a better life.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中“the species can be saved... to control their natural predators (天敌) and other treats”可知，我们人类应当立即帮助这些珍稀物种去除威胁它们生存的因素。故C项正确。
14．Paragraphs 2 3 mainly tell us ________.
A．where the threatened animals can be found
B．how worrying the situation of the rare animals is
C．the Kimberley is the home of many rare species
D．the Kimberley is a safe place for animals to live
答案：B　段落大意题。根据第二段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“... while others have already disappeared in other parts of Australia.”和第三段最后一句“The Kimberley is really their last chance on earth.”可知，文章此处告诉我们稀有动物的处境是多么危险。故B项正确。
15．The article may appear in a magazine on ________.
A．animals B．geography
C．chemistry D．history
答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些地方动物的危险处境，所以最有可能出现在杂志中的动物栏中。故A项正确。2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（1）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The light from the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ampfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Dennis's Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack's dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp.
“So，” Martin asked as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name ”
“Are you sure you want to hear it It's a scary story，” warned Jack.
“Of course！” cried ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Tom. “If there were anything to be scared of, you wouldn't have chosen this place！”
“OK, but don' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t say I didn't warn you，” said Jack, and he began his tale.
“Way back in time, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in. In those days, the area looked quite different—it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal－clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”
“‘You are clearin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g too much land’， warned one old man. ‘The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it.’
‘Silly fool’， sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id Dennis to himself. ‘If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I'll become wealthier. He's just jealous！’”
“Dennis continued to c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hop down trees. Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”
“What happene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d ” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.
“The land hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t back—just as the old man warned, ” Jack shrugged. “Dennis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”
“What a stupid stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y, ” laughed Tom. “Plants can't…” Before he had finished speaking, he screamed and fainted(晕倒). The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom's face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.
56．The underlined w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ________．
A. courage B. assistance
C. instruction D. challenge
57. Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story
A. To frighten them.
B. To satisfy their curiosity.
C. To warn them of the danger of the place.
D. To persuade them to camp in the swamp.
58. Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man
A. The old man envied him.
B. The old man was foolish.
C. He was too busy to listen to others.
D. He was greedy for more crops.
59. Why did Tom scream and faint
A. He saw Dennis's shadow.
B. He was scared by a plant.
C. His friends played a joke on him.
D. The weather became extremely cold.
60. What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis
A. Grasp all, lose all.
B. No sweat, no sweet.
C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
D. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
【要点综述】 本文主要讲述了三个人在沼泽地附近露营以及Dennis's Swamp名字的由来。
56. D　考查词义猜测。由语境可知，他们去沼泽地野营应该是接受了杰克的挑战。
57. B　考查推理判断。根据第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、三、四段他们的对话可知，Jack多次警告他们这个故事吓人，但经不住他们的请求还是告诉他们了，可知讲这个故事并不是为了吓他们，而是为了满足他们的好奇心。
58. D　考查细节理解。由第八段“If ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I'll become wealthier. He's just jealous！”可知他想有更多的土地，种更多的庄稼，变得更富有，还认为老人在嫉妒他。由此可知他不听老人的劝告是因为他想种更多的庄稼。
59. B　考查细节理解。由最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )倒数第二句“Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom's face.”可知他晕倒的原因是因为他被常春藤吓到了。
60. A　考查推理判断。综观全文可知贪婪的Dennis因为其贪婪，结果失去了一切，故A项“贪多必失”，符合语境。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
China is a land of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bicycles.At least it was back in 1992 when I traveled the country.Back then everyone seemed to be riding a bicycle.Millions of them, all black.Cars were rare.Yet since my arrival in Beijing last year, I've found the opposite is true.There are millions of cars.However, people still use their bicycles to get around.For many, it's the easiest and cheapest way to travel today.Bicycles also come in different colors—silver, green, red, blue, yellow, whatever you want.
It's fun watchi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng people biking.They rush quickly through crossroads, move skillfully through traffic, and ride even on sidewalks(人行道)．Bicycles allow people the freedom to move about that cars just can't provide.
Eager to be part of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this aspect of Chinese culture, I decided to buy a bicycle.Great weather accompanied my great buy.I immediately jumped up on my bicycle seat and started home.
My first ride home wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s orderly(守秩序的)．To be safe, I stayed with a “pack” of bikers while cars on the streets came running swiftly out of nowhere at times.I didn't want to get hit.So I took the ride carefully.
Crossing the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )treets was the biggest problem.It was a lot like crossing a major highway back in the United States.The streets here were wide, so crossing took time，skill and a little bit of luck.
I finally made it h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome.The feeling on the bicycle was amazing.The air hitting my face and going through my hair was wonderful.I was sitting on top of the world as I passed by places and people.Biking made me feel alive.
56．According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) author, why are bicycles still popular in China today
A．Because they are traditional and safe.
B．Because they are convenient and inexpensive.
C．Because they are colorful and available.
D．Because they are fast and environment friendly.
57．The author decided to buy a bicycle because he intended ________．
A．to ride it for fun
B．to use it for transport
C．to experience local culture
D．to improve his riding skills
58．How did the author feel about his street crossing
A．It was boring.
B．It was difficult.
C．It was lively.
D．It was wonderful.
59．Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing best describes the author's biking experience
A．The author enjoyed showing off his biking skills.
B．The author was annoyed by the air while riding.
C．The author was praised by the other bikers.
D．The author took great pleasure in biking.
【要点综述】 本文是记叙文，主要讲作者来到中国，为了体验当地文化，买了一辆自行车在大街上骑自行车的快乐经历。
56．B　细节理解题。根据“对许多人来说，这是今天最简单、最便宜的出行方式”可推断，流行的原因是自行车不贵而且方便，所以选B。
57．C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“渴望成为中国文化的一部分，我决定买一辆自行车”可推断，作者是想体验中国当地文化。
58．B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“过马路是最大的问题”，再加上下文的描述可知，对他来说，过马路是很困难的。
59．D　推理判断题。最后一段中描述“在自行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )车上这种感觉是令人惊讶的，微风吹过我的脸和头发，这种感觉是美妙的”说明作者在骑自行车的过程中是快乐的。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·临沂市三模，D)
Maps of the world' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s population show that the majority of people today live near water. We live along coastlines, around bays, up the course of rivers and streams and on islands. We also vacation at the beach and find comfort fishing on a lake. Nothing makes small children happier than the chance of playing in water.
More surprisingly, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )this human favor for water makes evolutionary(进化的)sense. Sure, we need drinking water to live, but we have also benefited from what's swimming under the waves.
Neuroscientist Crawf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord of the University of North London has proposed that our ancient ancestors attached to the sea, and that their devotion paid off by allowing the human species to develop large and complex brains.
Crawford claims t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat when humans separated from apes(类人猿)and appeared in the forests of Africa, they stuck close to rivers and beaches and started catching fish, clams and crabs. That seafood was packed with omega 3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth.
It's no coincidenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, Crawford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach.
Scientists have als ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression than those who eat less seafood. Biochemist Hibbelin of the National Institutes of Health has shown that across cultures there is a direct link between amount of fish eaten each week and rates of depression. More interestingly, Hibbelin and researcher Laura have found that fish is commonly used as a symbol of happiness and good health in various religions and cultures.
We know that f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish and the sea are good for us, and so we seek them out. We vacation on the coast and see the waves come and go, feeling happiness has taken over our brain. When we move inland, or go home from vacation, we lose touch with our sea roots and feel unhappy.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。
16．To explain human's favor for water, the author ________.
A．lists some examples
B．compares some facts
C．analyzes some numbers
D．raises some questions
答案：A　写作手法题。为了说明人们对水的偏爱，作者在第一段里列举了许多例子。
17．Human beings have benefited a lot from seafood because ________.
A．seafood has enough water and is fresh
B．fishes in the sea have large and complex brains
C．our ancestors had nothing to eat but seafood
D．it is abundant in fatty acids promoting brain cell growth
答案：D　细节理解题。从第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四段最后一句“That seafood was packed with omega 3 fatty acids, essential fatty acids that promote brain cell growth. ”可知答案。
18．According to Crawf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord, human brain developed fast when we ________.
A．went to the coast to spend our holidays
B．left the woods and headed for the beach
C．separated from apes and appeared in the forests of Africa
D．discovered seafood was packed with omega 3 fatty acids
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第五段从“Craw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ford claims, that human brain growth began to increase rapidly once we left the woods and headed for the beach.”可知答案。
19．What's the main idea of Paragraph 6
A．Scientists help people overcome depression.
B．Fish is a kind of symbol in some religions.
C．Eating fish regularly may reduce our depression.
D．Happiness is linked with good health.
答案：C　主旨大意题。第六段的中心句是第一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“...Scientists have also discovered that people who eat fish regularly are less likely to suffer from depression”，其余句子都是围绕这个中心内容的。
20．What can we infer from the passage
A．It's good to our health to swim under the waves.
B．Human has the largest and most complex brains.
C．Beach is the best destination of vacation.
D．It's human nature to seek out bodies of water.
答案：D　推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段的内容可以推知，喜欢水并寻找有水的地方是人类的天性。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·乌鲁木齐三诊，A)
When I met him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I had a lot of anger inside of me. I've lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem, but in my neighborhood, there are shoot ups all the time. I know kids who have been shot or beaten up. I have friends who were barred in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark wouldn't let that happen.
Mr. Clark worked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) long hours, making sure I did my work. My grades rose. In fact, the scores of our whole class rose. One day, he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera, and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem. Before the show, he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full. We did not want to let him down.
Mr. Clark was selecte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d as Disney's 2000 Teacher of the Year. He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award. But when the time came to draw names, Mr. Clark said，“You're all going.”
On graduation day, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there were a lot of tears. We didn't want his class to end. In 2001, he moved to Atlanta, but he always kept in touch. He started giving lectures about education, and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, The Essential 55. In 2003, Mr. Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages. It was the most amazing experience of my life. It's now my dream to one day start a group of women's clubs, helping people from all backgrounds.
文章大意：本文是一篇写人记叙文。介 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )绍了“我”的老师Clark先生，他带“我们”欣赏歌剧、领“我们”一起领奖；他写了一本畅销书……在他的帮助下，“我”积极生活，没有受到周围不良环境的影响。
1．What would hap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pen when the time came for Mr. Clark to go to Los Angeles
A．Many students would be treated to dinner at a restaurant there.
B．He would start his new businesses and get more students there.
C．All of his students would go with him to get the award.
D．He would take his class to see a movie at a theater there.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )those students would go with him go Los Angeles to get the award... ‘You're all going.’”可知，当Clark先生去洛杉矶时，他的所有学生将和他一起去领奖。故C项正确。
2．Which of the following is the name of a book
A．The Phantom of the Opera.
B．The Essential 55.
C．Spanish Harlem.
D．Disney's 2000 Teacher.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第四句中“... and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules, The Essential 55”可知，The Essential 55是一本书的名字，故B项正确。
3．From the writer's story we can infer that ________.
A．the writer might have been put into prison without Mr. Clark
B．thanks to Mr. Cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ark's hard work, the writer won the award for Best Teacher
C．the writer follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed Mr. Clark to South Africa to help old people in poor areas
D．Mr. Clark ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )retired in the year after he was selected as Disney's 2000 Teacher
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后两句“I have friends who were barred in prison. I could have ended up that way, too, but Mr. Clark wouldn't let that happen.”可知，要是没有Mr. Clark的帮助，“我”就可能像“我”的朋友那样进监狱了。故A项正确。
4．According ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the text, what does the writer mainly intend to let us know
A．Mr. Clark was s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o successful a teacher that he devoted all his life to his career.
B．The way Mr. Clark helped to raise the scores of his class.
C．Much was Mr. Clark respected and loved by all of his students.
D．A good teacher has a good influence on his or her students.
答案：D　主旨大意题。通读全文可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知，文章主要介绍了“我”的老师Mr Clark对“我”的影响，如果没有他的帮助，“我”很可能像“我”的朋友一样进监狱了。故本文主要说明一个好老师对学生的积极影响。故D项正确。2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（5）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Importance of Ind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ependent Thinking)
No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.

1.The best title for this passage is
[A] The Age of Reason The need for Independent Thinking
[C] The Value of Reason [D] Stirring People’s Minds
2.According to the author, it is always advisable to
[A] have opinions which cannot be refuted.
adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.
[C] be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,
[D] suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.
3.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find
[A] acceptance of truth controversy over principles
[C] inordinate enthusiasm [D] a dread of heterodox speculation
4.According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as
[A] enslaved by tradition less than fully rational
[C] determinded on controversy [D] having a closed mind
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements
[A] A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.
Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,
[C] The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one’s own teachers.
[D] excessive controversy prevents clear thinking,
Vocabulary
1. stature 高度，境界，状况
2. heterodox 不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的
3. tacit 心照不宣
4. refute 反驳
5. adversary 对立面，对手，敌人
6. plausible 善于花言巧语的/辞令的，似乎有理的/有可能的
7. doctrine 教义，学说
8. profess 表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉
难句译注
1. True gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, then by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think.
[参考译文] 真理甚至从一个经过恰当研究和准备进行独立思考的人的错误中获得更多的东西，而从那些只是因为不予思考却持有正确的观点中获得的少（一种经过恰当的研究和准备进行独立思考的人犯的错误，另一种人是不予思考的却持有正确的观点，真理从前者错误中获得的东西比从后者的正确观点中获得的要多）。
2. mental slavery 思想禁锢，精神受奴役状态
3. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
[结构简析] 这是一句以Never否定词开头的倒装句，正常的句序应把never放在句中，形成：the mind of people was never stirred up from its foundations
[参考译文] 当辩论比开重大课题，重大到足以燃起/激起人们激/热情的课题时，那么一个民族的思想绝不会从天赋的情感和原始的基础上升华，甚至使最普通智力的人上升到优点庄严的思想家水平上。
4. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgement, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she feels the most inclination.
[参考译文] 对她来说理智的立场是停止判断，而且除非她满足于这一点，否则，她不是为权威人物的观点所左右，后者就像世界上芸芸众生一样，倒向她感觉最倾向的一边。
5. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into teal contact with her own mind.
[结构简析] do justice to 公平对待，适当处理。 Bring……into contact with 　使和……接触／联系。
[参考译文] 这不是对正确观点评价的方法，也不能使自己的思想真正接触到论点的实质。
6. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty.
[结构简析] most plausible and persuasive form 很善于辞令和有说服力形式。　　possess oneself of 获得，据有，把……占为己有。　　them=arguments。　else　　否则的话。
7. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.
[结构简析] throw oneself into…position 设身处地，使自己处于……位置／地点。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇由一般到具体，重要采用正反对比，推理的写作方法的文章，逻辑性强，正反论证，句子结构复杂冗长，分两段给出内容，第一段重点在：伟大的思想家的首要责任是奠定遵循自己智力所得出的结论。由此引起思想家和思想活跃的人民同时代环境的关系。只有思想后月的时期，才有伟大的思想家和活跃的人民，因为他们可以讨论重大主题，而在思想禁锢时期，只能产生个别伟大思想家。第二段具体的论证了独立思考涉及两方面，既如自己一方种种，也得知对手的一方种种（内容，推理，论点），才能真正获得真理。
答案详解
１. B 独立思考的必要性。见难句译注１。这里说明进行独立思考的人即使犯错误，真理也能从中获得东西，而那些懒于思考人，即使持有正确的观点，真理也难以获得东西。第一段还点明思想禁锢时期，即不能进行独立思考时期，难以讨论重大议题，产生不了活跃的人民，绝不会出现像辉煌的文艺复兴那种时期（见第二题注）。第二段也是围绕独立思考而写，只是从具体点着眼：人只知自己，不知对方无法获得真理，只有独立思考两方，才能不为权威所左右，不会跟着自己感觉走，最终知道自己的真正主张。
A. 理性时代。　　C.　驳斥的价值。　　D. 激发人民的思想。
２. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意／反对观点的论点。这是作者在第二段讲述的重要论点。他认为一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论点，其理智位置是停止判断。否则她就会（像世界上芸芸众生那样）不是为权威所“引导”，就是跟着感觉（的倾向）走。其二，作者提出：光听自己的老师讲述对立面的论点，以及他们所提出的反驳论点。只是不够的，必须倾听那些人（他们真正相信对立的观点）的论点，并为此积极热情，竭尽全力辩护，才能使自己的思想和独立论点接触，公正的作出公正的判断。
A. 具有不能驳斥的观点。　　B. 采取个人感觉最倾向的观点。 D. 停止有利于教条主义研究的异端思考。
３. B 辩论原则问题。答案在第一段：在思想禁锢的气氛中，过去，现在可能会产生个别的思想家，但绝不会有思想活跃的人民，在那里有一种心照不宣的惯律：原则决不能讨论——认为占据人类心灵的最重大问题的讨论应封闭，我们不能期望看到一般高级的思想活动。这种思想活动曾使历史上某些时期光辉灿烂。而文艺复兴就是思想活动的顶峰时期，必然会讨论原则问题，所以选B 。
A. 接受真理，周经过讨论才能接受真理。　C. 过度的热情。 D. 害怕异端思考。
４. C.　在辩论上，坚定不移。这是一道推断题，一般讲：持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。
A. 为传统所奴役。　B. 不怎么理智。　D. 头脑闭塞。这种人必然受传统思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鲜事物。
５. B. 在思想方面取得成就的时期就是进行非正统反思的时期。见３题注释。
A. 一个真正的思想家不犯错误。　C. 一个人的老师最能提供所接受思想观点的反驳。　D. 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·合肥市二模，D)
It is a tall tale that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.
But what does happen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.
Most of the time, your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or two days later.
The saliva (唾液) in ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.
Swallowing a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.
文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。
8．Children might feel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.
A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum
B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years
C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum
D．chewing gum is indigestible for children
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。
9．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down
A．It remains in our digestive system forever.
B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.
C．It will fight against the power of the gut.
D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving... come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。
10．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to ________.
A．The attempt B．The salvia
C．The shell D．The gum base
答案：B　指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。
11．What would be the best title for text
A．How does our digestive system work
B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids
C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter
D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids
答案：C　标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·合肥市二模，E)
Telling fewer lies be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adults for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny ones—any false statements—but participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didn't want to answer, etc. The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.
It turns out tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.
When participant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in the no lie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mental health complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved. Additionally, participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.
“It's certainly a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, I'm a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”
文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。研究了撒谎和健康之间的关系。
12．Which of the following is true according to the text
A．People who tell lies are healthier than those who don't.
B．Being honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.
C．Not all the participants were required to tell the truth.
D．Participants involved are asked not to keep secrets.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“The other group wasn't given any special instructions about lying.”可知，有一组的实验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案C符合文义。
13．The participants of the two groups ________.
A．told as many lies as before
B．were almost equally healthy
C．tended to lie less about their activities
D．experienced tenser personal relationships
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二段的第一句“It turns out that both groups reduced their lying...”可知，答案C符合文义。
14．From Robert Feldman, we can learn that ________.
A．white lies might make people have more complaints
B．honesty is likely to help people become mentally healthier
C．people should not be honest with others but with themselves
D．telling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy
答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )... but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案B“诚实会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。
15．The text is mainly about ________.
A．the connection of honesty and health
B．research on physical and mental health
C．advice about being an honest person
D．effects of honesty on personal relationships
答案：A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是诚实和健康之间的关系，故答案A符合文义。2016高考英语二轮（十一月）练习及答案：阅读理解（4）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Program-Fede ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral Government Helps Minority Business)
Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960’s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises. While this program enabled many minority entrepreneurs to form new businesses, the results were disappointing, since managerial inexperience, unfavorable locations, and capital shortages led to high failure rates. Even 15 years after the program was implemented, minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
Recently federal policymakers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the minority business sector by moving away from directly aiding small minority enterprises and toward supporting large, growth-oriented minority firms through intermediary companies. In this approach, large corporations participate in the development of successful and stable minority businesses by making use of government-sponsored venture capital. The capital is used by a participating company to establish a Minority Enterprise Small Businesses that have potential to become future suppliers of customers of the sponsoring company.
MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available. Further, since potential markets for the minority businesses already exist through the sponsoring companies, the minority businesses face considerably less risk in terms of location and market fluctuation. Following early financial and operating problems, sponsoring corporations began to capitalize MESBIC’s far above the legal minimum of $500,000 in order to generate sufficient income and to sustain the quality of management needed. MESBIC’s are now emerging as increasingly important financing sources for minority enterprises.
Ironically, MESBIC staffs, which usually consist of Hispanic and Black professionals, tend to approach investments in minority firms more pragmatically than do many MESBIC directors, who are usually senior managers from sponsoring corporations. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant. Such differences in viewpoint have produced uneasiness among many minority staff members, who feel that minority entrepreneurs and businesses should be judged by established business considerations. These staff members believe their point of view is closer to the original philosophy of MESBIC’s and they are concerned that, unless a more prudent course if followed, MESBIC directors may revert to policies likely to re-create the disappointing results of the original SBA approach.
1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage
[A] The use of MESBIC’s for aiding minority entrepreneurs seems to have greater potential for success than does the original SBA approach.
There is a crucial difference in point of view between the staff and directors of some MESBIC’s.
[C] After initial problems with management and marketing, minority businesses have begun to expand at a steady rate.
[D] Minority entrepreneurs wishing to form new businesses now have several equally successful federal programs on which to rely.
2.According to the passage, the MESBIC approach differ s from the SBA approach in that MESBIC’s
[A] seek federal contracts to provide market for minority businesses.
Encourage minority businesses to provide markets for other minority businesses.
[C] Attempt to maintain a specified rate of growth in the minority business sector.
[D] Rely on the participation of large corporations to finance minority businesses.
3.Which of the following statements about the SBA program can be inferred from the passage
[A] The maximum term for loans made to recipient businesses was 15 years.
Business loans were considered to be more useful to recipient businesses than was management and technical assistance.
[C] The anticipated failure rate for recipient businesses was significantly lower than the rate that actually resulted.
[D] Recipient businesses were encouraged to relocate to areas more favorable for business development.
4.The author refers to the ‘financial and operating problems’ encountered by MESBIC’s primarily in order to
[A] broaden the scope of the discussion to include the legal considerations of funding MESBIC’s through sponsoring companies.
call attention to the fact that MESBIC’s must receive adequate funding in order to function effectively.
[C] show that sponsoring companies were willing to invest only $500,000 of government-sponsored venture capital in the original MESBIC’s.
[D] Compare SBA and MESBIC limits on minimum funding.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of some MESBIC staff member toward the investments preferred by some MESBIC directors can be best described as
[A] disappointing.
Indifferent.
[C] Shocked.
[D] Defensive.
Vocabulary
1.implement 执行，履行
2.growth-oriented 增长潜力的，有发展性的
3.intermediary company 中介公司，中间公司
4.venture capital 风险资本
5.entrepreneur 企业家，创业者
6.fluctuation 波动，涨落，起伏
7.pragmatically 实用地
难句译注
1. Even 15 years after the program was implemented minority business receipts were not quite two percent of the national economy’s total receipts.
【参考译文】甚至在这个计划执行后15年，少数民族工业的收入还不到全国总收入的2％。
2. Recently federal policy makers have adopted an approach intended to accelerate development of the supporting large, growth oriented minority firms through intermediary companies.
【参考译文】最近，联邦决策者采取一项措施，旨在加速少数民族工商业的发展，他们不再直接帮助小型的少数民族企业，而是转向通过中间公司来支持规模较大、有发展潜力的少数民族公司。
3. By making use of government-sponsored venture capital.
利用政府资助的风险资本。
4. The MESBIC then provides capital and guidance to minority businesses that have potential to become future suppliers or customers of the sponsoring company.
【参考译文】然后再由MESBIC向那些少数民族企业提供资金、进行指导。这些企业是有成为赞助公司的未来供应商或客户的潜力的。
5. MESBIC – minority enterprise small business investment company
少数民族小型企业投资公司。
6. MESBIC’s are the result of the belief that providing established firms with easier access to relevant management techniques and more job-specific experience, as well as substantial amounts of capital, gives those firms a greater opportunity to develop sound business foundations than does simply making general management experience and small amounts of capital available.
【参考译文】MESBIC的建立基于这种信念：为已建公司提供方便，使它更容易获得相关的管理技术更具体的工作经验以及大笔资金要比简单地给予一般管理经验和小笔资金更能使它们获得机会去建立稳固的商业基础。
7. The latter often still think mainly in terms of the ‘social responsibility approach’ and thus seem to prefer deals that are riskier and less attractive than normal investment criteria would warrant.
【参考译文】后者――高级经理们――在有大多数情况下，仍然常常从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，因此，他们似乎更倾向于选择那些比正常投资标准更具风险性，而不太引人注目的项目。
写作方法与文章大意
文章主要采用因果以及对比的写作方法。先点出SBA计划――联邦政府对少数民族去也的赞助（）的失败及其原因。
为此，联邦决策者改变方法，通过中介公司，建立MESBIC。由它来帮助少数民族企业――使其获得相应的管理技术、具体工作经验和大量资金，甚至潜在的市场――取得了成功。
可内部存在问题，MESBIC的职工和领导者之间的意见分歧，职工的投资观点更切实际，而领导者仍从“社会责任的角度”来考虑问题，若不改变，有可能重蹈SBA之覆辙。
答案详解
1. A 运用MESBIC来帮助少数民族企业似乎比原来SBA的方法更具成功的可能性。文章一开始就点名SBA（小型企业管理局）向少数民族企业提供联邦保证贷款，政府资助管理和技术方面的帮助，结果令人失望。组建成的少数民族新企业由于管理上缺乏经验、地点不佳、资金短缺而导致失败的情况很多。其他见难句译注1、2、3。总之在MESBIC支持下：为它的潜在市场提供大量资金等，使它们在地点和市场流通方面风险小的多，从而带来足够的收入和保持所需的管理质量。这一切都说明MESBIC比SBA的成功可能性大。
B.MESBIC中的领导者和职工方面在观点上有着至关重要的分歧。C.经历了早期管理和市场问题后，少数民族企业已开始稳步发展。D.希望组建新公司的少数民族企业家已有好几个成功的联邦计划可依靠。
2. D 依靠打工四向少数民族企业投资。见第二段第二句：大公司利用政府资助的风险资本参与成功而又稳固的少数民族企业的发展。参与的大公司用这笔资金建立了“少数民族小型企业投资公司”（MESBIC）
A.寻求为少数民族企业提供市场联邦合同。B.鼓励少数民族企业为其他少数民族企业提供市场。C.试图在少数民族部门保持特定的增长率。
3. C 预期加入SBA项目中的公司的失败率比实际失败率低得多。文内没有直接点出，而是从（见第一题注释）SBA帮助的企业失败率很高――令人失望，从而推断C项结论。
A.给企业贷款最高期限为15年。B.商业贷款对企业来说远笔管理和技术帮助重要。D.鼓励接受贷款企业重新寻找利于企业发展的地区。
4. B 为的是引人注意这一实际情况：MESBIC必须取得足够的资金才能有效地运转。这在第三段最后一句：在经历了早期财政和运行问题后，赞助公司给MESBIC注入的资金远远超过了50万美元的法定最低限额，以获得足够的收入并保持所需的管理质量。MESBIC现在正成为日益重要的少数民族企业的资金来源。这说明没有足够的资金是难以有效运转的。
A.扩大讨论范围以包括通过赞助公司投资MESBIC的合理性。C.表明赞助公司愿意在原来的MESBIC只投资50万政府资助的风险资本。D.对比SBA和MESBIC最低投资限额。
5. A 失望。文章最后一段MESBIC的职工――一般是拉美和黑人专业人员在少数民族公司的投资上比MEBSIC的领导者更切实际。这些高级经理从社会责任角度看问题，会选择更具风险性，不太吸引人的项目。观点分歧使许多少数民族职工感到不安，他们认为应以公司的业务爆出来评价少数民族企业家及其企业。者充分说明MEBSIC的职工对领导所青睐的投资项目不满意和失望。
B.漠不关心。C.震惊。D.持保留态度。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·南京市二模，A)
Dear Sir，
I was surpris ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to read your recent editorial on the question of students' part time jobs. You appear to be making lots of general comments on the basis of just one unfortunate case (I assure you that not all young people who deliver newspapers are as foolish and dishonest as the two youths mentioned in your article, and one single case is not strong enough in supporting a point as evidence. I think you wouldn't disagree with me at this point)．
The first point I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould like to make is that there are many jobs teenagers can do which give them useful experience of the working world. They are brought into contact with a variety of people, often older, and are given experience of expressing themselves clearly and logically. Every young man will eventually be involved in social net work, and we can't expect them to act as a mature adult once they step out of school. I am thinking here of jobs such as travel guides and shop assistants. Part time jobs are actually a kind of guiding that young people need before they play their role in real career.
Another argument for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )school children and college students having holiday or weekend jobs is that many parents need the financial assistance. If we take, for example, a family in which the father is unemployed or perhaps a single parent family on a low income, it seems logical and fair that a son or daughter should try to bring money into the household. And I think it's also an education to young people what family responsibility is and what one should do in terms of showing their care and love.
One further thing I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ant to say is that a lot of jobs for the young can be fun for the people who do them and also useful to the community. Youngsters who help in schools, hospitals and with the elderly often gain a great deal of pleasure and satisfaction as well as contributing something valuable to local society. And the experience will make young people feel their value in our society so that they will be more eager to learn and more willing to offer their help.
In conclusion, I wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld add that when I was a girl, my father said my teens were a time for books, hobbies and academic studies. Thinking back, I feel I would have learnt much more—about myself, other people and life in general—if he had allowed me to do a limited amount of real work. Certainly, when she is old enough, I shall encourage my own daughter to do so, rather than waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today. I don't mean having fun is a waste of time. I just want to point out that fun and part time jobs could be balanced.
Yours faithfully，
Margaret Williams
文章大意：本文是写给报社编辑的一封 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )信。在信中，作者表达了对该社最近发表的关于“青少年不应该做兼职工作(打零工)”这篇文章的反对，并给出了自己的理由和见解。
1．Which of the following is true according to the letter
A．Part time jobs help teenagers develop social skills.
B．All young people doing part time jobs are intelligent and honest.
C．Children in single parent families should not do part time jobs.
D．The writer did part time jobs when she was at school.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，A项“打零工能够帮助孩子培养社会技能”表述正确。B项在文中没有涉及；根据第三段第二句可知，C项错误；根据最后一段第二句可知，D项错误。故答案选A。
2．What does the writer think many of the young people are doing now
A．Taking some part time jobs to help their family.
B．Doing their academic learning heart and soul.
C．Wasting time with soap operas and computer games or discos.
D．Doing commu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nity services by helping the old or the sick in hospitals.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段倒数第三句中的“waste her time with soap operas, computer games and discos, like so many young people today”可知，作者认为现在很多孩子都将时间浪费在看肥皂剧、玩游戏或去迪厅等娱乐上面了。故答案选C。
3．What can we learn from the letter
A．The writer of the letter is doing some part time jobs.
B．An article against teenagers' doing part time jobs was published.
C．Teenagers of the time are not doing the right thing.
D．The writer of the letter is a teenager from a single parent family.
答案：B　推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章第一段可知，社论中就两个年轻人在送报纸的兼职工作中的不诚实行为做了很多评论，不赞成年轻人做兼职工作，故可推断出报社刊登的文章应是一篇“反对青少年做兼职工作”的文章。故答案选B。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·合肥市二模，C)
Traditional businessme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n feel worried that growing e commerce will reduce their share of the market.
According to a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urvey, 90% of some people's purchases are made on the computer. As they find that by being able to go online and choose the things that they need to choose, and have them delivered right to their doorsteps, they could no longer be bothered with driving, the crowds, the noise of that, and they usually get a better selection.
Cornell University ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Marketing Professor, MeLaughlin says traditional stores can keep their customers by offering goods like clothing, which customers may want to see and try on before purchasing, as well as items that are difficult to ship. He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.
Traditional stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy. There is still a lot of emotion in the buying decision that takes place. Oftentimes, you need that last sense of “this is exactly what I want” before you part with money. And you can't always get that online. It's a rather cold process.
As more and more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.
文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。越来越流行的网购严重冲击着传统商业市场，那么传统商业怎么能够留住顾客呢？对此本文专家给出了几点建议。
4．Traditional businessmen feel upset because ________.
A．consumers can get a better selection by shopping online
B．more and more people purchase things on the computer
C．people like to have their goods delivered to their house
D．growing online sales will cut their share of the market
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Traditional businessmen feel worried that growing e commerce will reduce their share of the market.”可知，答案D符合文义。
5．According to McL ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aughlin, some traditional stores are keeping customers by ________.
A．providing customers with extra services
B．inviting customers to try on clothing
C．delivering goods to each doorstep
D．repairing computers and electronics only
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第三段的最后一句“He says some traditional stores are also pleasing customers with services that set up or repair computers and electronics.”可以推知，答案A“给顾客提供额外的服务”符合文义。
6．From the 4th paragraph, we know that ________.
A．online shoppers tend to be cold to each other
B．the process of shopping online is full of emotion
C．some shoppers like the social climate in traditional stores
D．making buying decisions in traditional shops is difficult
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第四段第一句“Traditional stores also offer a social experience that some shoppers enjoy.”可知，答案C符合文义。
7．What is the author's attitude towards the future online commerce
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Sympathetic. D．Concerned.
答案：B　作者态度题。根据文章最后一段“A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s more and more people have Internet access and smart phones, online commerce is likely to continue its growth here in the United States and in other countries.”可知，作者对网上购物持乐观态度，故答案B符合文义。