2016高考英语二轮：人生百味类阅读理解（5）练习及答案
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
In modern society t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity; others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.
【小题1】What does this passage mainly talk about
A．Competition helps to set up self-respect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people.
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition
【小题2】Why do some people favor competition according to the passage
A．It pushes society forward.
B．It builds up a sense of duty.
C．It improves personal abilities.
D．It encourages individual efforts.
【小题3】What is the simi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail
A．One’s worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B．One’s success in competition needs great efforts.
C．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D．One’s success is based on how hard he has tried.
【小题4】Which point of view may the author agree to
A．Every effort should be paid back.
B．Competition should be encouraged.
C．Winning should be a life-and-death matter.
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
What I like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )advise people is to find out what it is that makes them happy. What do you love to do If you truly love what you do just go ahead and try to make a living by doing it. People will throw money at you to do it. But you will always have to work hard at it. I have to draw every single day of my life. I have to draw about 20 ideas. My advice is to put aside a certain amount of time every day and make you draw or whatever, especially when you don’t feel like it. Only in this way will you be able to perfect your talent.
The first step you take is to go to your local library and ask for the publications issued in the current years. When you get these publications, try to find the names of the top people concerned and their presidents. After you find these, write down their names and addresses. Keep this list and update it every year. Next thing you want to do is to create at least 40 cartoons. Get a grid（格子） from one of the strips in the newspapers, enlarge it to whatever size you wish and draw inside this grid. Now take the best 20 of your ideas and make them into finished pieces. To do this, you would want to copy them in ink because if you were a professional cartoonist, that was what you should do. Now you can reduce the size of the finished cartoons to fit onto a regular comic’s page. By comparing yours with the others already in print, it gives you a good idea of clarity to your cartoon.
The next step is to write letters to presidents of the publication. In the letters, explain who you think would read your work, or in other words, what group do you think you would target. After you complete these, send all of your information enclosed with letters in the appropriate envelope.
Now as soon as you send out these letters, start to create a brand new strip with all new characters. Don’t get married to one idea because if your idea gets turned down then you will give up. And always remember. If you receive a rejection from any of them, keep in mind that you are working on something better. You will be working on something new and more exciting and the rejection letter will not have any impact. With this in mind…
【小题1】What is the advice from the writer in the first paragraph when you want to succeed in your life
A．Stop doing any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing until you find something quite suitable for your future career.
B．Put aside a certain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amount of time every day to consider how to make a living.
C．Make a living b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y something that you truly like to do as your profession and work hard at it.
D．Perfect your talent only by drawing some cartoons.
【小题2】The purpose of writing a letter to the president was to ____.
A．get some money to support the later career
B．enclose the informat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion on how to become cartoonists with the letter
C．focus his attention on the work
D．explain who would be the readers of the work
【小题3】The underlined ph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rase “get married to one idea” in the last paragraph probably refers to ______.
A．having a strong desire to get married
B．fixing all attention on one idea
C．marrying someone is a good ideas
D．refusing one idea to get married
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·哈尔滨市质检，C)
Your name made you d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “name letter effect”—can have some negative consequences.
Students whose names b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )egin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.
Assistant professors ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
“The consciou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the name letter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”
The researchers' work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “name letter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
The twist, says, i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s that he has believed the name letter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”
The researchers say th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.
文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名－字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。
9．The new research is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) mainly about the relationship between one's ________.
A．name and unconsciousness
B．name and characteristics
C．name and success
D．sports and school achievements
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。
10．Who may serve as an example to show the “name letter effect”？
A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer.
B．Mr. Watt living in Washington.
C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers.
D．Paula Snow fond of the color white.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第五段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句中的“... ‘name letter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。
11．The last parag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raph mainly tells us that the “name letter effect” ________.
A．isn't believed in by many people
B．doesn't work with certain names
C．does not really exist
D．is often too little to show
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名－字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·哈尔滨市质检，D)
As the richest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) country in the world, you'd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And you'd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.
The poll (民意测验) of n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )early 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the world's 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were well rested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.
In Panama and Paragu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica.
The people least l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ikely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly city state that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place.
Many of the seven cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of well being, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gang driven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions.
In Guatemala, it's a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30 year old surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that we're facing, we're surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all.
The poll shows that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And poverty stricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大约) of it.
文章大意：本文为一篇调查报道。通过对世界各国的民意测验发现，幸福指数与健康和财富无关。
12．________ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll.
A．People from Qatar
B．People from Thailand
C．People from Japan
D．People from Singapore
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通过民意测验生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指数最低。故答案选D。
13．The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A．a country B．a polling organization
C．a person D．a magazine
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一、二句可知，这项民意测验调查了世界各地的15万人，发现幸福指数最高的10个国家中有7个国家位于拉丁美洲，这个民意调查组织调查了148个国家，每个国家测验了大约1千人。因此Gallup应为进行这项民意测验调查的组织机构。故答案选B。
14．Which of the fol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowing is not included in the United Nations' Human Development Index
A．Life expectancy. B．Education.
C．Natural beauty. D．Per capita income.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“... on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income.”可知，这项指数当中不包含C项内容。故答案选C。
15．What's the best title of the text
A．Happiness does not depend on wealth
B．How to live happily
C．Health leads to happiness
D．What are the standards to be happy men
答案：A 标题概括题。通读全文尤其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是最后一段内容可知，本文主要对一项民意测验调查进行了报道说明。测验结果表明，幸福与健康和财富无关。因此，A项适宜作为标题使用。故答案选A。2016高考英语二轮：人生百味类阅读理解（3）练习及答案
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
Why are so many pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople so afraid of failure Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail.
Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hasty-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesn’t stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid.
The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time--- and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when we don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation, prize or say, “It doesn’t matter.” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it.
Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail ”
Don’t blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. “ Would further training help ” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “ You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You haven’t the body for it.”
In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock(估量) of the situation bravely asking, “What have I left What else can I do ” My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center, a field where she’s both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose. Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities.
【小题1】The second paragraph tells us ___________
A．how a mother praised her children
B．parents should blame their children at the proper time.
C．how to shift blame
D．two ways of fai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lure prevention most parents use when their children fail
【小题2】According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he author, what should a child know in the real world
A．No one can be best all the time at everything.
B．He should be equipped for life.
C．No parents should offer quick consolations.
D．He can get pleasure from failure as well as success.
【小题3】The underli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned word “prompt” in the fifth paragraph can be best replaced by “_________.”
A．prevent B．cause C．continue D．exchange
【小题4】From the passage we know that ______________.
A．success lies in hard work
B．never be disappointed to life
C．failure can affect one’s life greatly once he learns to use it.
D．everyone had his own value
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
The Loss of Innocence
Innocence is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) such a precious gift．It’s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing．Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind．Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood．
What would the world be like if innocence were never lost？One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the world．During youth，there may be an occasional argument，even a little physical fight，but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being．And children are blind towards the racial differences of others．A kid will hang out with any other kid．It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise．Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure．With very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults．If innocence were kept alive，these ambitions would never depart from our lives．
However，other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting forever．They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general．A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn，work，and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive．Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence，people would not have the desire to succeed，get a good job in life，or provide income for their families，which would hurt the lives of children．
The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy．As long as innocence is kept alive，no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace，resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods．
Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence．It sure is a nice thought，though．Perhaps innocence was meant to be lost．It was god’s will to make things the way they are，and there is a good purpose for everything．All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts．
【小题1】The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _______．
A．avoided
B．condemned
C．accepted
D．inspired
【小题2】Lifelong innoce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nce would be beneficial to society in that _______．
A．proper education would be provided
B．there would be no racial discrimination
C．more happy families would be guaranteed
D．people would realize their childhood dreams
【小题3】According t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the author，people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _____．
A．motivational will
B．mental ability
C．adventurous ambitions
D．needed goods
【小题4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？
A．
B．
C．
D．
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·海口市调研，D)
Any diet on whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800 calorie per day diet, can be dangerous. Diets that don't allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a completely fat free diet.
Don't have d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You won't get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, you'll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again.
Some people sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rt dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they can't control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (摄入)．
People who diet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesn't lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they aren't any happier.
Some people may f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (泻药). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a person's health.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章告诫减肥人群，在减肥的同时务必要保证健康和均衡的饮食，这样才能获得真正的健康。
12．The reasons why s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome people start and keep dieting DON'T include ________.
A．they think their trouble comes from their weight
B．they have a strict parent
C．other people's praise when they lose some weight
D．there is something they can't control except food intake
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三、四段内容可知，A、C、D三项均是人们减肥的原因。B项内容文章没有涉及。故答案选B。
13．The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A．a fat free diet B．a special diet
C．eating too much D．eating too little
答案：D 指代判断题。根据画线短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，画线部分与其讲述的内容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案选D。
14．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．A person needs about 800 calories each day.
B．A person who doesn't eat bread is unhealthy.
C．An improper diet may cause eating disorder.
D．Fat takes up the most part of calories inside body.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“like an 800 calorie per day diet, can be dangerous”可知，A项表述错误；根据第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的饮食不健康，但并没说不吃面包的人不健康，故B项表述错误；根据第一段最后一句可知，D项表述错误。故答案选C。
15．According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )passage, when people want to lose weight, they should ________.
A．avoid eating some food that can lead to being fat
B．control their eating amount and times
C．have a healthy and balanced diet
D．throw up some of what they eat
答案：C 推理判断题。通读全文特别是文章首段内容可知，人们在减肥的同时，还应保证健康和均衡的饮食。故答案选C。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·天津市十二区县联考二，C)
In modern soci ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ety there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taugh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t many children who held the belief that their self worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life and death affairs. In their single minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。
16．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．Competition helps to set up self respect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people.
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章首句“I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。
17．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage
A．It builds up a sense of duty.
B．It pushes society forward.
C．It improves personal abilities.
D．It encourages individual efforts.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。
18．The underline ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。
19．What is the si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )milar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？
A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.
B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.
C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。
20．Which point of view may the author agree to
A．Every effort should be paid back.
B．Competition should be encouraged.
C．Winning should be a life and death matter.
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。2016高考英语二轮：人生百味类阅读理解（4）练习及答案
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
Honesty is the best ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often leaves us when no one is watching, British psychologists reported last week.
Researchers at UK’s Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department’s coffee room.
They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the price for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of tea were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby.
The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and changed each week between pictures of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times more for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung.
“We were shocked by the size of the effect,” said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.
Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual (知觉的) signal for humans, scientists say.
“Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly,” said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.
Researchers believe the effect throws light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. “There’s an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we’re being watched we should behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us,” Bateson said.
The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to, Bateson said.
The finding could be put to practical use. For example, images of eyes could ensure ticket sales on public transport and improve surveillance(监视) systems to deter anti-social behavior.
【小题1】In the experiment, a poster was hung above the money box to ________．
A．give a harmonious atmosphere
B．remind people the drinks were not free
C．prove the actual effect of different pictures
D．see how honest people are in different situations
【小题2】From the re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult of the experiment, we can conclude that ________．
A．people might pay more for the drinks at the image of gazing eyes
B．people may be dishonest when no one is watching them
C．no one would pay for the drink unless they are told to
D．just a image of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )flowers is not enough to remind people to pay for a drink
【小题3】What is the best title for the passage
A．You're being watched!
B．Pay for your drink, please!
C．Mind your behavior in public!
D．Look out for electronic surveillance equipment!
【小题4】Which of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the following English proverbs can be best used at the beginning of the passage
A．Once a thief, always a thief
B．Lies have short legs
C．Honest is the best policy
D．An honest look covers many faults
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
A new study of 8,000 y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oung people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.
The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”. According to the study, even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.
Dr Marian Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.
Parents should watch for signs of depression -- eating or mood changes -- and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, but only maturity (成熟) gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.
【小题1】 Which of the following is more likely to have depression
A．Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.
B．Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.
C．Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.
D．Careless parents whose children are deep in love.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the passage
A．The older a woman ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.
B．Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.
C．Early love makes yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ung people keep close to their friends and parents.
D．Parents should help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )their children to be aware of the signs of depression.
【小题3】 What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love
A．Confused B．Disinterested
C．Scared D．Disapproving
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Puppy love may bring young people depression.
B．Parents should forbid their children’s love.
C．Romance is a two edged sword for adults.
D．Romance is good for young people.
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·沈阳市二模，B)
A recent research s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hows that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )these “short sleepers” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or worked full or part time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their family, friends and so on.
When asked to recal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients.
The “long sl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eepers” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”．
文章大意：本文是一篇研究 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )报告。报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析，研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。
1．According to the report, ________.
A．many “short sleepers” needed less sleep before they were teenagers
B．many “short sleepers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )” were forced to reduce their nightly sleep time
C．many “long sleepers” were quite concerned when they slept 9 hours
D．many “long sleepers” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句“The research shows that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood.”可知，答案D符合文义。
2．Many “short sleepers” were likely to hold the view that ________.
A．sleep could make people appear active and cheerful
B．sleep was the least important on their daily routines
C．they were acceptable to all their friends and family
D．they were less extreme than many mental patients
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines.”可推知，他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案B符合文义。
3．It can be concluded from the third paragraph that ________.
A．“short sleepers” dealt with the psychological trouble themselves
B．“short sleepers” were unwilling to face psychological problems
C．“short sleepers” shortened the sleeping time because of pressures
D．“short sleepers” would rather remember than forget their dreams
答案：B 细节理解题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第三段最后一句“In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed...”可推知，答案B符合文义。
4．What is the purpose of writing this passage
A．To introduce the result of a recent research.
B．To advise people to sleep for a longer time.
C．To show the disadvantages of short sleeping.
D．To explain the advantages of long sleeping.
答案：A 写作意图题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A符合文义。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·哈尔滨市质检，B)
Bursting into the clas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sroom from recess (课间休息), 15 children take their seats and face the woman they know as Ms. Yang.
“What day is it today？” she asks, in Mandarin Chinese (普通话)．
“Confucius' birthday！” the fifth graders shout in Mandarin.
“Why do we celebrate Confucius' birthday？”
“Because he's the gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atest teacher in the history of China！” exclaims a brown haired girl. She is speaking Mandarin.
English is rarely hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd in Lisa Yang's class at the Chinese American International School (CAIS), despite the fact that few students are native speakers of Mandarin.
The United States is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )actively trying to increase the group of students in “critical languages” such as Mandarin. The students at CAIS are way ahead in such a trend.
Founded 25 years a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do: It produces fully fluent speakers of Mandarin Chinese, by far the most commonly spoken language in the world.
Mandarin Chinese i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s suddenly hot in American schools. As China becomes the world's leading economy sometimes this century, schools in the U. S. are scrambling to add Mandarin to their list of foreign languages or expand Chinese programs already in place.
“It really is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) almost unprecedented (无前例的). People are looking at China as a force to be reckoned with... And to ensure that the U. S. has the ability to conduct trade, and to work with the Chinese, certainly having an understanding of Chinese language and culture is an advantage，” said Marty Abbott of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages(ACTFL)．
To develop Chinese ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )language programs has not been smooth. A shortage of trained teachers has made it difficult for some schools to join the race. When schools do get teachers, they often hire them straight from China, and the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S.
Robert Liu remembers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his first two years in an American classroom. It was not an easy adjustment. “In China, students respect their teachers，” he said. Liu found that American students, however, expect an active teaching style. He had to use games to engage them rather than lectures.
To avoid many of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )problems with foreign teaching styles, the CAIS has been working with the Chinese government to improve training of teachers who are sent to the U. S.
文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。随着中国经济地位的增长，美国的很多学校掀起了学习汉语的热潮。
5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．Understanding Chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nese language and culture is helpful to work with Chinese.
B．Chinese language programs have met trouble during the development.
C．Many other Amer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ican schools do the same as CAIS, founded 25 years ago.
D．A lack of trained ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mandarin Chinese teachers is a problem for the programs.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第八段第一句“Founded 25 years ago, this small private school in San Francisco, USA, does what few other American schools do...”可知，C项中“Many other American schools”表述错误。故答案选C。
6．What kind of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )problem is the most difficult to adjust in teaching Chinese in America
A．To adapt themselves to the American life styles.
B．To communicate with the American students.
C．To get along well with the American students.
D．To be fit for the cultural differences in teaching styles.
答案：D 推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据倒数第三段最后一句中的“the teachers usually suffer culture shock when they come to the U. S．”和倒数第二段内容可知，中国老师到美国任教时，遭遇到的最大问题就是文化冲击，由于教学风格的不同，老师们需要做出很大的调整。故答案选D。
7．The meaning of the u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nderlined word “scrambling” is similar to ________.
A．climbing B．rushing
C．changing D．beating
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据第九段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )画线词上下句内容可知，画线词所在句的句意为：由于中国将会成为本世纪领先的经济体，很多美国学校正在加紧将普通话列入他们的外语名单当中或扩大现在已有的汉语项目。因此，画线词应为“加速，加紧”之意，故答案选B。
8．It can be learned from the passage that ________.
A．the students in Lisa Yang's class usually speak Chinese
B．there are few American students in Lisa Yang's class
C．we celebrate Conf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucius' birthday because he's the greatest history teacher
D．in America the students don't respect their teachers
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第六段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中“English is rarely heard in Lisa Yang's class...”可知，在杨老师的课堂上很少用英语。A项表述正确。故答案选A。根据第五段的内容可知，C项错误；B、D两项在原文中没有涉及。故排除。2016高考英语二轮：人生百味类阅读理解（2）练习及答案
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
A man may us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.
A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.
Men often discover their affinity (密切关系) to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.
A good book is often the best urn(瓮) of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world ofa man’s life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, if remembered and cherished, become our constant companions andcomforters.
Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.
Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effects of time have been to filter out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.
【小题1】A good book may be among the best of friends because_____.
A．it changes over the past of time
B．it contains all kinds of knowledge
C．it doesn’t betray us when we are in trouble
D．it comforts us in youth and instructs us in age
【小题2】“Love me, love my book” in paragraph 3 probably means _______
A．If you love me, you must reading books.
B．The book can be a bond between friends.
C．I love books as much I love friends.
D．If you love the author, you will love his books.
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Time can tell whether a literature is good or bad.
B．All books are our constant companions and comforters.
C．Temples, statues and books cannot stand the test of time.
D．The world of a man’s thoughts is what his life is all about.
【小题4】The best title for this passage can be.
A．Reading Books
B．A Good Book
C．Our Best Friend
D．Companionship of Books
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
I may not be the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wisest person on this planet．but I will tell you a little secret to happiness：Help other，，and live life．It is that simple．Just help a friend study for a test，or volunteer at a nursing home ．I learned this after a long，hard search．
I was feeling really down because my long4ime friend had died．Then I started a six-week volunteering at a nursing home all day every Saturday．My routine was to serve the meal and clean up．After that，I would wait for the head nurse to tell me what to do．
One day I was told to go to Room 117 to make sure the patient was all right．In the room I found a boy of eight sitting in his bed watching a movie．I was shocked to see a child in this seemingly forgotten nursing home for the old．He was so small and weak that you had to look closely to find him．He motioned for me to sit down．I grabbed his medical chart from which later I found out he had a terminal illness．
We started to talk，and I found out that his family rarely visited，and all he did ever7 day was watch TV．I wanted to cry for him，and for my lost friend．As we talked，he had a smile on his face，and I asked him why．
"The entire two hours I've been here you've never lost that smile．With this horrible disease，how do you still manage to stay happy？"
He thought for a moment，and then said that too many people are dead even before they die．
They walk around feeling that God has cursed (诅咒) them and that they have nothing to live for．
The boy said that he would not be like that．He wakes every morning thankful to see another sunrise．He keeps his window open so that he can smell the flowers and feel the heat of the sun．He also said that he has hope．
"Too many people haven't seen much of that around here，" he said，" Life is full of hope and we need to live life before it is gone．"
I don’t know what happened to him．I assume he passed away，but his lesson lives on．I now wake up and live each day to the fullest．The key to life is not money or fame，but the lessons we learn from it．
【小题1】The nursing home in the passage is mainly for_______
A．the elderly B．the homeless
C．the disabled D．the abandoned
【小题2】The boy stayed happy mainly due to_______．
A．wonderful TV programs
B．his positive attitude
C．good medical condition
D．others' encouragement
【小题3】The wri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter participated in the volunteering job in order to_______．
A．find out the secret
B．search for help
C．enrich experiences
D．get out of sadness
【小题4】What would be the best title for the passage？
A．A Lesson in Hope
B．The Life of a Sick Boy
C．A Voluntary Job
D．The Meaning of Life
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·福建省毕业班质检，B)
The “Give It Up f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or Earth Day” encourages people to commit to giving up actions that are harmful to the environment, such as using poisonous cleaners.
Throughout the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onth of April, Canadians are being asked to “Give It Up for Earth Day！” Earth Day has been celebrated every year on April 22 since 1970. Earth Day Canada president Jed Goldberg says that as people become more environmentally aware, they want to find ways to reduce their environmental influence, not just celebrate one special event.
“Earth Day is a g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat launching_pad for thinking about environmental action every day，” said Goldberg. “Choosing healthier options, even for the short term, can lead to thinking about the influence of our decisions for a lifetime.”
That's the re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ason behind the “Give It Up for Earth Day” campaign. It's designed to encourage healthy habits that benefit people and the planet. It challenges everyone to help create a healthier world by making changes in their daily routine.
“We wanted to p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lan an action targeted campaign that will give people a chance to act on their concern for the environment in a positive way，” said Goldberg.
The campaign has ident ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ified four daily actions that can add up to huge environmental savings. They include pledging (保证) to turn off the TV, give up the use of poisonous cleaners, reduce consumption of consumer products and cut out meat.
At the end of Apri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l, all of the pledges will be recorded and converted (转化) into the number of TV hours not watched, dollars not spent on unnecessary items, electricity saved, greenhouse gas emissions (排放) avoided by cutting out meat, and poisonous chemicals produced from homes and landfills.
“What we're ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trying to achieve this year for Earth Day is to give people a chance to do something that is meaningful and measurable，” said Goldberg.
文章大意：4月22日是世 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )界地球日，活动“Give It Up for Earth Day”倡导人们在地球日这一天为保护环境做一些有意义、行之有效的事情。
5．The aim of the campaign mentioned in the passage is to ________.
A．enable people to save more money for future use
B．help people develop environmentally friendly habits
C．prevent people from making changes in their daily routine
D．warn people against reducing consumption of consumer products
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二句“It's designed to encourage healthy habits that benefit people and the planet.”可知，答案B符合文义。
6．The underlined wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd “launching pad” (in Paragraph 3) probably means “________”．
A．starting point B．finishing line
C．exchanging stage D．reforming stage
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词所在句意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地球日是一个引发人们开始对人类日常活动对环境所造成的影响进行思考的起点，由此结合上文“... they want to find ways to reduce their environmental influence, not just celebrate one special event.”和下文中“can lead to thinking about...”可推知，答案A符合文义。finishing line终点线；exchanging stage交流平台；reforming stage改革舞台，均不符合文义，故排除。
7．We can conclude from the passage that ________.
A．Earth Day was first celebrated over half a century ago
B．short term decisions will by no means influence our lives
C．Earth Day Canada is actually an everyday environmental action
D．daily actions must be measured to benefit the environment
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、三段的整体理解并结合文章最后一句中的“meaningful and measurable”可以推知，我们应该以对环境的影响好坏为标准来判断日常行为是否可行。由此可知，答案D符合文义。
8．Which disagrees with the spirit of “Give It Up for Earth Day”？
A．Switching off TV.
B．Riding bikes.
C．Using poisonous cleaners.
D．Saving electricity.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段的第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )二句“They include pledging (保证) to turn off the TV, give up the use of poisonous cleaners...”可知，答案C符合文义。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·海口市调研，C)
It was the summ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of 1998 and I was trying to study hard for my engineering degree. I went up to the roof for a break and watched people swimming in the natural rock pool below our house. It was a sunny day. But as I looked into the distance, I discovered a series of three or four big waves racing towards the shore. They must have been at least four meters high and were heading at speed in the direction of the pool. From the screams that started coming from the beach, I could tell someone was in trouble.
Without thinking, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I held my bodyboard (冲浪板) and shouted at a stranger to call the lifeguards (救生员). My neighbor Moises had heard the screaming as well and was also outside with his bodyboard, so together we rushed to the sea.
Once we got cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oser, we discovered two people floating about 400 meters out. Waiting for help wasn't a choice. I didn't think twice about trying to save them. When we finally reached them 10 minutes later, they were almost lifeless, pale and motionless. We could tell they were still alive from their small breaths. We put them on our boards, patted their faces to wake them up, telling them to be strong, all the while swimming hard to keep ourselves afloat.
Thirty minutes later, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I began to feel a bit afraid and tired. Finally, a small boat with three lifeguards headed towards us. When the boat pulled up, we helped push the couple on board, only to be told that there was no room for us. It seemed pretty unprofessional (不专业的) to leave us there—we were a couple of miles from the shore.
I didn't feel like a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hero. I'm sure that anyone who could swim would have done the same thing.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和他的邻居救助两位被海浪冲离岸边的游泳者的故事。
9．What can we learn from the passage
A．A stranger asked the writer to call the lifeguards.
B．The writer was afraid and regretted the rescue.
C．The writer told from the screams that someone needed help.
D．A neighbor and the writer rushed to the sea with nothing in hand.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom the screams that started coming from the beach, I could tell someone was in trouble.”可知，答案选C。
10．Upon getting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) close to them, the writer found that the two people ________.
A．had been saved by others
B．were struggling in the sea
C．were dying
D．were crying for help loudly
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en we finally reached them 10 minutes later, they were almost lifeless, pale and motionless.”可知，当作者和他的邻居到达溺水者身旁的时候，他们已经奄奄一息了。故答案选C。
11．From Paragraph 4 we can infer that the writer thought ________.
A．people in need don't come first
B．they were too tired to swim back
C．waiting for help wasn't a choice
D．the lifeguards should make room for them
答案：D 推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第四段最后两句可知，作者认为那些救生员太不专业了，居然没考虑到给施救者(即作者和他的邻居)留出坐船的地方。故答案选D。2016高考英语二轮：人生百味类阅读理解（1）练习及答案
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
At times my mom has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me. For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
But despite her worries，she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me. That means a lot. Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best from me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.
I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life .Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.
【小题1】When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.
A．wanted to go with him
B．worried about his safety
C．didn’t allow him to do so
D．asked his grandmother for advice
【小题2】The author decided to move away for college to________.
A．be different from his peers
B．keep away from his mother
C．be independent in the outside world
D．make his mother unhappy
【小题3】We can learn fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the third paragraph that the author’s mother________.
A．had a high expectation of him
B．was too strict with him
C．used to expect nothing from him
D．cared little about his learning
【小题4】In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.
A．his long way to becoming independent
B．his good relationship with his mother
C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support
D．his mother’s deep love for him
1、
2016高考英语阅读理解--人生百味类
Have you ever noticed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the more you have the more you want Let’s face it．Thinking our life is good enough doesn’t come naturally to many people．When we have high expectations of everything in life we will run into disappointment．Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live with satisfaction．Here are a few ideas to help you be happier with what you have and who you are．
Focus on what you are thankful for．Most people want things to be better than they are, or when things are going well, we forget to appreciate what we have．Learn to reflect on how much better things are than they could be．Focus on what you are thankful for．Write down 5 things you are grateful for right now．
When we hold onto regrets from decisions we have made, it can really poison our well-being．Many people regret something they can no longer change, which ends up holding them back from moving forward in a more positive manner．What happened in the past is done and gone, so work to stay present and be mindful of the current moment to find more joy and fulfillment．
When we use other people as the measuring stick for our personal success and quality of life we are likely to be less satisfied．Social comparisons can provide useful information when we try to learn from others, but they also hold our perspective in a discontented position．Compare yourself less with others so you can be satisfied more．
When you are focused on your big ambitions and future goals you might elide the daily pleasures that surround you．Learn to slow down and absorb the wonder and beauty around you．Stay present and focus on the task you’re undertaking at the moment．Don’t let the life pass you by because you’re always on the go and distracted by ambition．
Practice looking at life through the lens of contentment and it will become more natural．
【小题1】How can we live with contentment
A．To change our lifestyle．
B．To have a motivation in life．
C．To give less attention to what we are grateful for．
D．To realize the difference between needs and desires．
【小题2】What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．Make wise decisions
B．Know the present situation
C．Let go of regrets
D．Remember the past
【小题3】The unde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rlined word “elide”(in Paragraph 5) probably means “______”．
A．enjoy B．change C．create D．neglect
【小题4】What should you do to put yourself in a good mood
A．Make time for simple pleasures．
B．Learn from successful people．
C．Focus on your future goals．
D．Create chance to learn more．
2、
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·南昌市二模，C)
“Plants were expect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity and nutrient availability seem to trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide，” said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.
“We do not yet kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow the mechanisms involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected，” the researchers said. “Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify.”
The change was big in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cold blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures were enough to make reptiles smaller. An increase of 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism (新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growth. There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.
Warm blooded ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )animals weren't immune from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Mammals have been miniaturized too. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaker. And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.
This is not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a long time than the current climate change.
The speed of modern ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times. So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.
文章大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要报道了一项新发现，研究人员发现了气候变暖会导致地球上许多生物个体变小的现象。
16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A．Why do some species become smaller
B．How does temperature change in Earth's history
C．Climate change has many negative effects
D．Species become smaller as climate warms
答案：D 标题概括题。通读全文及第二段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )首句“45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past.”可知，本文主要讲述了气候变暖会导致许多生物个体变小的现象，故D项正确。
17．The underlined ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) word “trumped” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ________.
A．been neglected by
B．had strong influences than
C．been weakened by
D．been less than
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据本句中的but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可知，画线词与其前面的内容“大气中二氧化碳的增加会使植物个体变大”是转折关系，并根据下文中气温、湿度、可利用的营养等条件对生物的影响可知，这些条件的改变似乎比二氧化碳浓度增加更有影响力。故B项正确。
18．Researchers fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the National University of Singapore believe that ________.
A．how climate change effects animals' size has not been found clearly
B．all the animals on the earth have become smaller
C．too many studies on animals' size have been done
D．people can avoid the negative effects of climate change
答案：A 细节理解题。文章第三段研究人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )员提到“We do not yet know the mechanisms involved”，其中the mechanisms指的是气候变暖影响了生物个体大小的机制，故A项正确。
19．What can we learn from the passage
A．Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.
B．Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.
C．Ants, bees an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d spiders have been shrinking by 50% to 70% in the past decade.
D．A warming event c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ausing species to become smaller has never happened before.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )There is a recent report on warmer temperatures' negative effects on plankton, the base of the marine ecosystem.”可知，气候变化已经对浮游生物产生了有害影响。故A项正确。
20．What's the author's attitude toward climate change in the passage
A．Concerned. B．Optimistic.
C．Indifferent. D．Confident.
答案：A 观点态度题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章最后一句“So, it is likely that more negative influences of climate change will be shown in future.”可知，作者对气候变暖对生物的影响有些担忧。故A项Concerned(关心的)符合语境。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·沈阳市二模，A)
The owner of a miss ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing cat is asking for help. “My baby has been missing for over a month now, and I want him back so badly，” said Mrs. Brown, a 56 year old woman. Mrs. Brown lives by herself in a park near Clovis. She said that Clyde, her 7 year old cat, didn't come home for dinner more than a month ago. The next morning he didn't appear for breakfast, either. After Clyde missed an extra special lunch, she called the police. When the policeman asked her to describe Clyde, she told him that Clyde had beautiful green eyes, had all his teeth but was missing half of his left ear, and was seven years old and completely white.
“Is Clyde your chil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d or your pet？” the officer asked. “Well, he's my cat.” Mrs. Brown replied. “Lady, you should report missing PERSONS, not missing CATS！” said the annoyed policeman. “You can ask around your neighborhood or put up flyers.” Mrs. Brown figured that a billboard would work a lot better than an 8×11 piece of paper on a telephone pole. There was an empty billboard at the end of her street just off the highway, with a phone number on it.
She called that numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er, and they told her they could put up a picture of Clyde on the billboard for all to see. They told her it would cost only ￥3 000 a month. So she took most of the money out of her savings account and rented the billboard for a month. The month has passed, but Clyde has not appeared.
Because she has almost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no money in savings, Mrs. Brown called the local newspaper to see if anyone could help her rent the billboard for just one more month. She is waiting but, so far, no one has stepped forward.
文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道。一个老太太的宠物猫丢失一个多月了，她就此请求大家给予帮助。
1．The underlined w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord “flyers” in the second paragraph probably means ________.
A．posters B．pilots
C．billboards D．newspapers
答案：A 词义猜测题。警察建议Mrs. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Brown “put up flyers”，再根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Mrs. Brown figured that a billboard would work a lot better than an 8×11 piece of paper on a telephone pole.”可推知，flyer指的是“an 8×11 piece of paper on a telephone pole”，故答案A海报，符合文义。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．The police officer thought that Clyde was Mrs. Brown's child.
B．Mrs. Brown put up an 8×11 piece of paper on a telephone pole.
C．Clyde had kept Mrs. Brown company for seven years in total.
D．Someone rented the billboard for Mrs. Brown for one month.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“‘Lady, you should report missing PERSONS, not missing CATS！’ said the annoyed policeman”可知，答案A符合文义。should此处表示惊讶。
3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．the billboard off the highway costs $ 3 000 a month
B．the neighbors helped Mrs. Brown to put up flyers
C．Mrs. Brown doesn't give up the hope of finding Clyde
D．Clyde only had half of his left ear but had all his teeth
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“The owner of a missing cat is asking for help.”和对文章最后两段的整体理解可以推断出，Mrs. Brown并没有放弃寻找宠物猫，故答案C符合文义。
4．What is probably the best title for the passage
A．A Nearby Billboard
B．Clyde and Mrs. Brown
C．A Missing Cat
D．Persons or Cats
答案：C 标题概括题。根据文章第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句“The owner of a missing cat is asking for help.”的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是一个老太太寻找一只丢失的猫的相关信息，故答案C符合文义。
