四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（6份打包）

四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（4）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(Cryptic Col ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oring)
Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations. Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form. Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular plete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.
In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (J.B.P.Lamarck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.
1. The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form
[A]. hunters. . nocturnal predators
[C]. lions and tigers. [C]. insectivorous Vertrbrata
2. Aggressive resemblance occurs when
[A]. a predaceous attitude is assumed.
. special resemblance is utilized.
[C]. an animal relies on speed.
[D]. an animal blends in with its background.
3. Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on
[A]. its ability to frighten its adversary. . speed.
[C]. its ability to assume an attitude. [D]. mistaken identify
4. The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is
[A]. Cryptic coloration for Protection. . How Animals Survive.
[C]. The uses of Mimicry in Nature. [D]. Resemblances of Animals.
5. Of the following which is the least common
[A]. protective resemblance. . General resemblance.
[C]. Aggressive resemblance. [D]. Special resemblance.
Vocabulary
1. cryptic 隐藏的，保护的
cryptic coloring 保护色，隐藏色
2. predaceous 食肉的，捕食其他动物的。
3. vertebrate 脊椎动物门
4. tint 色泽，色彩
5. zebra 斑马
6. Sargasso 果本马尾藻
7. twig 嫩枝
8. lichen 地衣
9. flake 一片
10. gradation 等级，层次，分等
11. obliterate 涂抹，擦去，使消失
12. larva 幼虫，幼体
13. pupa 蛹
14. mimicry 模仿，拟态
15. nocturnal 夜间发生的，夜出的
16. insectivorous 食虫的
17. procryptic 有保护色的，保护性的
难句译注
1. …the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.
[参考译文] 追捕动物和被追的动物也利用快速的动作。这种快速的运动同样是通过几代更迭，逐渐消除了慢速，而发展到快速顶峰。
2. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.
[参考译文] 保护性模仿远比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多，这是和下述的情况想配合的：食肉的（形式）动物，按惯律总是比他们捕食的对象要大而且多得多。
3. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.
[参考译文] 在惊人的对比中，色泽的综合可能产生外形一致的效果。
4. …their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.
[参考译文] （这里指斑马的黑白条）比例正好和在月光下观看贫瘠土地所具有的苍白色泽相吻合。
5. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes.
[参考译文] 在这些环境中，动物的保护色常常得到特定的形状变化和本能的协作，这种本能会使动物采取特定的姿势。
6. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized…
[参考译文]　绝对静态和采取一般姿势在陆地的一般模仿中起很大作用，而在专门模仿中，姿势常常是高度专门化的。
7. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude.
[参考译文] 因此许多类颜色排列成恰当的模式/形式，要求把合适的外形和严格的采用一定的精心设计的姿势相结合。
8. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.
[参考译文] 保护效果是由于所以这些因素确切合作而形成。根据目前科学水平，唯一的解释（此种现象）就是自然选择理论，它可以累积要生存的各种变异/变种。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以一般到具体的协作和分类方式写作，第一段点出生物界生存竞争中最常用的一种颜色是保护色，保护色可分为两类：进犯（进攻）型和防卫型。一般是防御性保护色多于进攻型。而两种类型都可归纳为一般性模仿和专门（特定）模仿。居住（栖息）在单一色泽的地方的动物，如海洋或沙漠，常采用模仿性保护色——如透明的绿色，土色等，而特定摸刚的动物则栖息在多样性的地方，如海岸，浅水，海洋表面等。特定模仿还需要有改变形状姿势之协作，使其看起来像客观环境中的某物，某种身份mistaken identify.
第二段涉及有关模仿性的解释的探索，结果为二。一种观点是环境直接影响的结果。第二种是自然选择的结果。当人们理解了许多特定模仿的复杂特性时，第一种解释就不能成立了。这说明保护效果是一切因素——合适的外形和某种精心设计的姿势等——合作而成。按现在科学水平来解释，只能归之“自然选择”理论，然后是用具体例子来证实。
答案祥解
1. B. 夜间活动的食肉动物。见难句译注4，斑马的黑白相间颜色的比例正好和月光下所见的贫瘠土地的苍白的色泽相吻合。当然能保护斑马夜间免遭这些食肉动物的袭击。
A. 捕获者。 C. 狮子和老虎。 D. 食虫的脊椎动物
2. A. 在装成捕食其他动物的姿势时。
B. 应该专门模仿。 C. 动物依赖速度。 D. 动物和背景混在一起。
3. D. 搞错/认错了动物（身份）（mistaken identify 认错了人之义）。见第一段最后一句话，它不像一般模仿那样，通过动物和背景难以辨别从而从视觉中隐藏起来，它是被误认为某种著名动物。
A. 用以吓走它的对手（敌人）的能力。 B. 速度。 C. 采用某种姿势的能力。
4. C. 自然界模拟的运动。文章一开始就点命保护色迄今为止生存斗争中最常用的一种颜色，常用于进攻和防卫。保护色常和其他措施相配合，首先提到速度，见难句译注1。然后讲到保护色分类，一般（普通）和特殊（专门）模拟/模仿。第二段解释或说明模拟适应性。第一种解释为环境使然/影响。第二种认为是自然界选择之结果。
A. 为了保卫的保护色。 B. 动物是如何存活下来。 D. 动物之模仿性。
5. C. 进攻性（侵犯性）模仿。见难句译注2。
A. 保护色模仿。 B. 一般性模仿。 D. 专项模仿。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·苏锡常镇四市二调，C)
Global Positioning Sys ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite based systems provide turn by turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
Barry Brown is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with the Mobile Life Centre in Stockholm, Sweden. The center studies human computer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS equipped car to use during his stay.
Barry Brown：“And the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasn't until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”．
Mr Brown says th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.
Barry Brown：“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it's going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown former ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people's cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”
Barry Brown: “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )One of the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what you're doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”
Barry Brown says this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.
“The Normal, N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown say ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。
5．What is the best title for this passage
A．Is GPS system reliable to use
B．What is the use of GPS
C．How to make the most of GPS
D．Blame! GPS or Passengers
答案：A　标题概括题。文章第一段是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。
6．What is the implication of the underlined part
A．GPS is just a garbage device.
B．GPS will not correct human errors.
C．GPS adjusts your wrong destination.
D．GPS is just as smart as human beings.
答案：B　句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。
7．Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the passage
A．Small screen.
B．Timing of commands.
C．Outdated maps.
D．Dear cameras GPS uses.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句可知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。
8．According to the passage, people commonly believe that ________.
A．you have to know where to go when using GPS
B．you need to have new competencies to use GPS well
C．GPS is proper for drivers with little sense of direction
D．GPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps
答案：C　推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·东北三省三校第二次联考，C)
UGG boots have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a winter weather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGG enthusiasts don't know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems.
Doctors believe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right，” he said. “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It's a slipper. You wouldn't normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that's indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it's not a good idea.” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are “plastic” and developing when they are growing. “If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way，” he said，“then the ultimate structure will be deformed.”
Mike O'Neill, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a consultant surgeon, said，“As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损) on the joints on the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems.”
UGG Australia, who mak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs (仿制品)” which lack reinforced heels in their boots.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )雪地靴因它的时尚、舒适、保暖等特性而备受年轻女孩的青睐。但研究人员发现，在它时尚的外观背后，隐藏着一些不为人知的健康隐患。
9．Teenage girls prefe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r to wear UGG boots because of the following EXCEPT ________.
A．design 　　B．comfort
C．quality D．warmth
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )... combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style.”可知，A、B、D三项都是年轻女孩喜欢雪地靴的原因。故C项正确。
10．According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, ________.
A．there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots
B．wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems
C．it's not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time
D．teenage girls' bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“‘These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right，’ he said. ‘The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported.’”可知，C项正确。
11．The underlined word “deformed” is closest in meaning to ________.
A．shaped B．strengthened
C．reformed D．damaged
答案：D　词义猜测题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语境可知，年轻女孩子的骨头正在发育，具有一定的可塑性。如果骨骼结构以一种不合适的方式发育的话，骨骼就会损伤，发生变形。shaped合适的，有计划的；strengthened使加强的；reformed革新的；damaged损伤的，毁坏的。此处与倒数第二段中“back problems”相照应。故D项正确。
12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Potential Harm of UGG Boots
B．The Popularity of UGG Boots
C．The Unique Design of UGG Boots
D．Benefits of UGG Boots
答案：A　标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了雪地靴对年轻女孩生长发育过程中所造成的潜在危害。故A项正确。四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（5）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
George Gershwin, bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn in 1898, was one of America's greatest composers. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.
Many of Gershwin's so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country.
In the 1920s there wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world－famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.
In 1928, Gershwin w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲)with the well－known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz－influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家)were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works.
George Gershwin d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty－nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.
61．Many of Gershwin's musical works were ________．
A．written about New Yorkers
B．composed for Paul Whiteman
C．played mainly in the countryside
D．performed in various ways
62．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman
A．It attracted more people to theatres.
B．It proved jazz could be serious music.
C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.
D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians.
63．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris
A．He created one of his best works.
B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger.
C．He argued with French critics.
D．He changed his music style.
64．What do we learn from the last paragraph
A．Many of Gershwin's works were lost.
B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported.
C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.
D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin's death.
65．Which of the following best describes Gershwin
A．Talented and productive.
B．Serious and boring.
C．Popular and unhappy.
D．Friendly and honest.
【要点综述】 这是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了美国著名作曲家乔治·格什温的生平以及他在音乐方面的巨大贡献。
61．D　考查细节理解。从第二段的“Ov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.”可知，乔治·格什温的音乐作品是以各种形式演唱或演奏的。故选D。
62．B　考查推理判断。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第三段的“Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world－famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.”可知，这个音乐会充分证明爵士音乐流行的同时，也可以庄重、严肃。
63．A　考查细节理解。从第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段的第二句可知B项不正确；从第四段的“When it was first performed, critics were divided over the music.”可知，不是格什温与评论家争辩，故C项不正确；没有提到他音乐风格的改变，故D项不正确；从第四段的最后一句“It still remains one of his most famous works.”可知A项是正确的。
64．B　考查推理判断。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从最后一段的“Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.”可知，世界各地的报纸对格什温的去世进行了广泛的报道。故选B。
65．A　考查推理判断。从全文看乔治·格什温 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )创作了很多的音乐，其演奏的形式多样化，并得到观众赞赏，这体现了他是一位很有才华，且多产的作曲家。故选A。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
When I was 12, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll I wanted was a signet (图章) ring. They were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthday, my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母) carved into it. I was in heaven.
What made it even m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore special was that it was about the only thing that wasn't being “replaced”. We'd been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everything—so most of the “new” stuff (东西) we got was really just to replace what we'd lost. But not my ring. My ring was new.
Then, only one m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onth later, I lost it. I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning. I was sad and searched everywhere for it. But it seemed to have disappeared. Eventually, I gave up and stopped looking for it. And two years later, we sold the house and moved away.
Years passed, and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift－giving occasion. Mum noticed my questioning look. “You'll recognize this one，” she said, smiling.
Then she handed me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a small ring box. I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside.
The family who had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations, which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring. As it had my initials carved into it, they realized who owned the ring. They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.
And it still fits me.
56．The underlin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed word “in” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．
A. fashionable B. available
C. practical D. renewable
57．When she got the ring back, the writer was about ________．
A. 13 years old B. 15 years old
C. 26 years old D. 28 years old
58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The writer's family moved several times.
B．The writer never stopped looking for her ring.
C．The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.
D．The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.
59．What would be the best title for the passage
A. My New Ring
B. Lost and Found
C. Lost and Replaced
D. An Expensive Ring
【要点综述】 本文是一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )篇记叙文。 作者通过描述自己小时候渴望得到一枚戒指，愿望得到满足后的快乐心情，以及不慎丢失后的沮丧心情和多年后失而复得的欣喜，表达了作者怀旧和敝帚自珍的生活态度。
56．A　词义猜测题。根据后一句“…eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry girl except me had one…” 可知，每个女孩都有一枚有自己符号的戒指，说明这类戒指很流行。故答案选A。
57．D　推理判断题。 根据原文我们得知， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作者在13岁生日时得到那枚戒指，一个月后丢失，两年后卖掉房子，新房东买房13年之后换新地毯时重新找到戒指，即十五年之后，故答案为D。
58．A　细节理解题。根据第三段末尾和第四段开头可知答案A正确。
59．B　主旨大意题。只有B项才能概括全文大意。 本文主要讲述了戒指的失而复得。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·东北三省三校第二次联考，D)
Deception (骗术) is so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mething that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in military (军事的) strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.
At Georgia Tec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h, a team led by Ronald Arkin, a professor at the School of Interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果). Squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.
Ronald Arkin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.
The team als ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o looked at how other animals—in this case, a species of bird called Arabian babbler—drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打) wings and making noises. The babblers don't ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn't worth it.
They found that the d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it's best to back off. Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn't have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.
The military is inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a false trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主要介绍了骗术在军事策略中起着重要的作用，一些研究人员正在通过研究松鼠和鸟类的活动，希望机器人能模仿这些行为，以便能有效地应用于军事中。
13．Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels' trick
A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.
B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.
C．It can lead the ene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.
D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一句“... they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.”可知，松鼠为了保护自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃掉，会朝别的方向奔跑，由此可推知，C项正确。
14．Which of the fol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lowing is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators
A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it.
B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face.
C．They make noises and flaps around the predator.
D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Arabian babbler赶走predator的过程可知，B项不是Arabian babbler赶走掠夺者的方法。故B项正确。
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Animals' beha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )viors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.
B．Robots' foolin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g tricks are applied to the study of animals' behaviors.
C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception.
D．Researchers are interested in animals' military related behaviors.
答案：A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲述了松鼠和Arabian babbler在生存中如何利用骗术击退敌人保护自己的过程，研究人员希望机器人也能模仿这些行为，从而有效地运用于军事战略当中。故A项正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·南京市二模，D)
While waiting to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pick up a friend at an airport in Portland, Oregon, I had one of those life changing experiences that you hear other people talk about—the kind that happens to you unexpectedly. To me, this happened and was only two feet away from me.
Locating my friend amo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng the passengers, I noticed a man coming toward me carrying two light bags. He stopped right next to me to greet his family.
First he walked to his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) youngest son (maybe 6 years old) as he laid down his bags. They gave each other a long, loving hug. As they separated enough to look in each other's face, I heard the father say，“It's so good to see you, son. I missed you so much！” His son smiled somewhat shyly, and replied softly，“Me, too, Dad！”
Then the man stood u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p, gazed into the eyes of his oldest son (maybe 9 or 10) and while cupping his son's face in his hands said, “You're already quite a young man. I love you very much, Zach！” They too hugged a most loving, tender hug.
While this was happeni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng, a baby girl (perhaps one or one and a half year old) was squirming (扭动) excitedly in her mother's arms, never once taking her little eyes off the wonderful sight of her returning father. The man said，“Hi, baby girl！” as he gently took the child from her mother. He quickly kissed her face all over and then held her close to his chest while rocking her from side to side. The little girl instantly relaxed and simply laid her head on his shoulder, motionless in pure contentment.
After several moments ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), he handed his daughter to his oldest son and declared，“I've saved the best for last！” and went to give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing. He gazed into her eyes for several seconds and then silently mouthed, “I love you so much！” They stared into each other's eyes, beaming big smiles at one another, while holding both hands.
For an instan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t they reminded me of newly weds, but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldn't possibly be. I puzzled about it for a moment then realized how totally attentive I was in the wonderful display of unconditional love not more than an arm's length away from me. I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred, but was amazed to hear my own voice nervously ask，“Wow! How long have you two been married？”
“Been together fourtee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n years total, married twelve of those.” he replied, without breaking his gaze from his lovely wife's face. “Well then, how long have you been away？” I asked. The man finally turned and looked at me, still beaming his joyous smile. “Two whole days！”
Two days I was st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unned. I had assumed he'd been gone for at least several weeks—if not months. I know my expression betrayed me. “I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years！”
The man suddenly stopped smiling.
He looked me straight ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the eye, and with forcefulness that burned right into my soul, he told me something that left me a different person, “Don't hope, friend... decide！” Then he flashed me his wonderful smile again, shook my hand and said，“God bless！”
With that, he and his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )family turned and walked away together. I was still watching that exceptional man and his special family walk just out of sight when my friend came up to me and asked, “What'cha looking at？” Without hesitating, and with a curious sense of certainty, I replied，“My future！”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )己在机场看到一家人在分别两天重逢后的亲密场景及男主人对作者所说的话，表达了这次事件对自己的震撼，并下定决心拿出更多的爱给自己的家人。
16．Which word could best describe the baby girl
A．Quiet. 　B．Innocent.
C．Naughty. D．Sweet.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第五段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一句和最后一句可知，这个小女孩非常的可爱，见到父亲时，她在母亲的怀里扭动，非常地兴奋，在父亲怀里的时候她把头放在父亲的肩膀上一动不动。故答案选D。
17．The writer suddenly felt uncomfortable because ________.
A．he felt it impolite to stare at the family
B．he felt he withdrew from society
C．the family found him curious about them
D．he didn't love his wife as much
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第七段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一句中的“I suddenly felt uncomfortable, as if I was invading something sacred”和文化常识可知，作者由于被这亲密的幸福情景所吸引，一直盯着他们看，距离很近(only two feet)，而这在西方是很不礼貌的行为，侵犯了他人的隐私。故答案选A。
18．What can we learn from the story
A．The family became the writer's friends.
B．The writer decided to look for a wife.
C．The writer's family will get more love from him.
D．The writer will tell his friend the story immediately they meet.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第四 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段最后一句“I hope my marriage is still that passionate after twelve years！”及最后一段中作者看着那家人离开说“My future！”可推知，作者以后将会给予家人更多的关爱。故答案选C。
19．Which paragraph in this story best shows the love of the couple
A．Paragraph 4. B．Paragraph 5.
C．Paragraph 6. D．Paragraph 7.
答案：C　细节理解题。通读全文可知，第三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )至五段描述的是对孩子的爱，第六段中“give his wife the longest, most passionate kiss...”展示的是夫妻之间的爱。故答案选C。
20．Why does the writer think his airport experience is life changing
A．Because he came across a most loving family.
B．Because he realized the difference between “hope” and “decide”．
C．Because he thought it was really a unique experience.
D．Because the family he met with had a strange power over him.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章最后两段内容可知，男主人所说的“Don't hope, friend... decide！”给了作者极大的震撼和鼓励，让作者明白了“希望”与“决定”之间的不同，决定今后给予家人更多的关爱。故答案选B。四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（3）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(Religion and Rat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ionality)
Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.
Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.
What is the secret of this ineptitude Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.
1. As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom” as
[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.
. an unemotional search for the truth.
[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.
[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE
[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.
. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.
[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.
[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.
3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that
[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. . it is unimaginative.
[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.
4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that
[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .
. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.
[C]. it has disappointed mankind.
[D]. it has inspired mankind.
5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be
[A]. imaginative. . a provider of hope for the future.
[C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.
Vocabulary
1. grace 恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告
2. chide 责备
3. sentiment 情感
4. inviolate 不受侵犯的，纯洁的
5. intent 意义，含义
6. piecemeal 一件件，逐渐的，零碎的
7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋
8. veer 改变方向，转向
9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。
10. pale 范围，界限
11. draught 要求
12. oracle 神谕宣誓，预言，圣言
13. antidote 解毒药，矫正方法
14. correlate 相互关系
15. dislocate 使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序
16. gratuitous 无偿的，没有理由的。
17. debauch 使失落，放荡
18. sanction 支持，鼓励，认可
19. impede 妨碍，制止
20. ineptitude 不恰当，无能，愚蠢
21. insinuate 暗示
22. remould 重塑，重铸
23. aspiration 抱负，壮志
24. arrogate 没来由反把……归于（to ）
25. literal 朴实的，字面的
26. intelligible 可以理解的。
27. conceit 幻想，奇想
难句译注
1. Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs.
[参考译文] 可是音调和语言的差异必然很快的给我们深刻的印象，就象哲学所说的那样：那种差异应提乡我们，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话，其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的情况下完成的。
2. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind.
[参考译文] 另一方面，理性知识一种原则或者是潜在的秩序，我们确实可以在此基础上存在于我们心中，没有种种变化，或任何压力。
3. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion.
[参考译文] 不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会极力或责备我们，除了以事物的本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。
4. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims.
[参考译文] 宗教在其意义上，比社会，科学，艺术更自觉，更直接的追求“理性生活”，因为这些东西（社会，科学，艺术）暂时而又零星的接近和填补理想的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确。
5. one and all 各个都，全部
6. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind.
[参考译文] 处于宗教领域范围之内的人民也许会说服自己对其结果表示满意，这要感谢他们在结实过去和对未来希望宽宏要切上的一种偏爱。可是任何迅速关注宗教的人，把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比较，必然感到这种种宗教为全人类作好的失望是实在太可怕了。
7. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness.
[参考译文] 以无理的幻想混淆智力，弄乱正常的情感是一种短视的追求幸福的方法。
8. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.
[参考译文] 因此，宗教常常会使它要支持的道德堕落沦丧，并妨碍它应该执行的科学任务。
9. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses.
[参考译文] 生活的目标和条件在宗教中诗一般的呈现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所并不具有的朴实真理和道德威力没有来由的归于宗教。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇用对比手法写出宗教和理性之差异并着重描述宗教的文章。有各种中焦，理性只有一个，纵然两者在功能和目的上有不相同之处，但由于宗教以直觉，想象力，情感为主，无视目的，虽比科学，社会或艺术更自觉，更直接追求理性生活，结果却是失败和失望，而理性则相反。
答案祥解
1. C. 一种有目的而又不带偏见对最佳事物的探索。答案在最后一段，这种愚蠢的秘密是什么？为什么宗教在目的上那么接近真理，在其结构和结果上，却没有理性的一切？答案很简单：宗教是通过想象来追逐理性，当它解释事件或阐明原因时，以虚构的想象来取代科学，当它训诫，暗示理想或者重塑抱负时，以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意识而又公正的追求一切好东西。
A. 通过想象力追求理性。 B. 不带感情的探询真理。 C. 追求幸福的短视的方法。
2. A. 宗教通过想象力寻求真理，而理性的探索却运用感情。见难句译注3，理性（智）是非感情的。
B. 在解决人类问题上的宗教是一种无效的工具。 C. 科学寻求逐步解决对人类的问题。 D. 哲学和理性的功能是一样的。
3. A. 宗教没有意识（不知道）其最终目的的。见难句译注4，说明宗教不管（几乎不关注）其目的，或不关心其本能的目标最终真确与否。
B. 宗教没有想象力。 C. 其成果是确切的，最终的。 D. 宗教很象科学和艺术。
4. D. 它激起人类情感。第一段中说“宗教的挣扎与不断变化的力量似乎促使人追求某种永恒的东西，它似乎追求灵魂的最终和谐以及灵魂与灵魂所依赖的一起事物之间的永恒的和谐。”
A. 宗教依赖于直觉而不是推理。第一段最后一句：宗教也有本能和盲目的一面，在各种各样的偶然实践和直觉中沸腾。可不久它又向事物内心摸索前进，然而不论从哪个方向来，都转想最终方向（最终多转想这个方向——直觉），文章的最后一句：宗教的目的和理想的目的一样，而其实现目的方法是通过直觉和无限止的诗一般的幻想来进行的。 B. 它不关心其本能的目标最终是否真确。 C. 它使人类很失望。
5. D. 无效。第二段开始就点出：我们得承认宗教追求理性生活一直是很失败（流产了）。
A. 有想象力的。 B. 为未来提供希望的。 C. 是一个高度的智力活动。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·深圳市二模，D)
Since the beginni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.
Later, news of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog is especially ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a common concern. As a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or profession. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nday, many representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life，” he said.
China needs to de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )velop its economy and invest (投资) in high tech. Every Chinese has a dream to make China stronger. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can move to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts is a strong and beautiful China. The great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's determination to address the environment issue.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。今年北 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )京的雾霾天气引起了许多人对环保重要性的重视，我们不能只关注经济而忽视了我们赖以生存的环境，因为发展是为了生活得更好。
16．The effect of smog doesn't include ________.
A．the rising of PM2. 5 readings
B．more people suffering diseases
C．the increase of people's income
D．patients increased in hospital
答案：C　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第一段第三句“The rising PM2.5... more patients suffering acute respiratory (呼吸系统) and heart diseases.”可知，雾霾导致PM2.5值升高，许多人因呼吸疾病、心脏病突发而住院。故答案选C。
17．Why has smog become a common concern
A．Because people have to pay higher prices.
B．Because nobody can avoid it.
C．Because we have to develop industry.
D．Because a popular online post discussed it.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章第四段内容可知，空气面前人人平等，不管你的职业是什么，都呼吸一样的空气。因此空气一旦被污染，谁都没有办法不受影响，所以大家都特别关注空气质量。故答案选B。
18．To make China stronger we have to develop economy, but ________.
A．we have to sacrifice air as the price
B．the dirty air is not what we want
C．ecological progress can be ignored
D．the smog is the only byproduct
答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章倒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数第二、三段可知，固然我们要发展经济使国家强大，但发展经济不能以牺牲环境为代价，否则发展就变得没有任何意义了。故答案选B。
19．The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refers to ______.
A．human beings
B．other planets
C．space technologies
D．industrial development
答案：A　指代判断题。they是代 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词，用来代替前面出现的复数名词。根据句意可知，此处they代替上文中的human beings。故答案选A。
20．From the last two paragraphs we can infer that ________.
A．high tech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B．space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C．we can move to Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D．we must protect the environment while developing economy
答案：D　推理判断题。文章最后两段强 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调了我们既要发展经济、科技，建设一个强大的国家，但同时也要保护生态环境，创造一个美丽的国度。故答案选D。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·皖南八校第三次联考，A)
Handball is a hug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ely popular sport in Europe and Asia, and it is one of the fastest and most exciting sports in the world. It combines basketball and soccer with the attracting saves of water polo.
Handball is played ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on an indoor court ( the size of two basketball courts ) and there are goals at each end. There are twelve players on each team, two goal keepers and ten field players, but there is a maximum of one goalkeeper and six field players from each team allowed on the court at any one time. The_idea_is_simple:_score more goals than the other team.
The ball is made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of leather or a synthetic material and it must be round. The surface must not be shiny or slippery. The size and weight of the ball varies for male and female teams, and adult and junior team.
Handball has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the same free ranging play as basketball, with all players except the goalkeeper constantly moving from attack to defence. The goalkeeper uses hands, feet, head and body to keep out the other team's shots. The origins of handball are unclear. Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing. Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly. Handball has been played at the Olympics since 1972.
1．The passage states ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that handball was most probably developed ________.
A．as a replacement for basketball
B．by supporters of water polo
C．as a training game
D．for the 1972 Olympics
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后一段第四句话“Many people believe that it developed as a training game for soccer, to be played in the off season, or when it was snowing.”可知。
2．The statement, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) “The idea is simple”， emphasizes that in handball the ________.
A．game has only one purpose
B．court is clearly marked
C．players can change positions
D．goalkeeper is the last defense
答案：A　推理判断题。由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )画线词后的“score more goals than the other team.(比另一队多进球)”可推知，手球运动的唯一目的是比赛时多进球。
3．It is clear t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the writer believes the sport of handball ______.
A．is more popular for men than for women
B．is great fun for the audience
C．requires an unusually shaped ball
D．should only be played in winter
答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一段倒数第二句“Now, in countries where handball is popular, players can earn large sums of money, and indoor stadiums seating over ten thousand people sell out regularly.”可知。
4．In which order does the information appear in the passage
a.type of ball b．court size
c．beginning of the sport d．team members
A.c－a－b－d B．b－a－d－c
C．c－d－a－b D．b－d－a－c
答案：D　篇章结构题。由文章层次可推知。四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（6）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Tail Spin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
Two dolphins race arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The smaller dolphin, Grace, shows off a few of her tricks, turning around and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, however, is that she's even swimming at all. She doesn't have a tail.
Grace lost her tail as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she was fighting for her life. “Is she going to make it？” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make it—but her tail didn't. She ended up losing her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle.
Over the past ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) six years, she has learned to swim without her tail. Dolphins swim by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. Grace taught herself to move another way—like a fish! She pushes herself forward through the water by moving her peduncle from side to side.
The movements put harm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful pressure on Grace's backbone. So a company offered to create a man－made tail for her. The tail had to be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn't hurt her.
The first time Gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ace wore the artificial tail, she soon shook it off and let it sink to the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The new tail isn't necessary for her to feel comfortable，” says Stone, “but it helps to keep that range of motion(动作) and build muscles(肌肉)．”
Now, the dolphin is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, a film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man－made tail gives people so much courage.
60．When Grace first ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rived at the Ocean Park, her trainer worried about her ________.
A. physical build
B. potential ability
C. chance of survival
D. adaptation to the surroundings
61．A man－made tail is created for Grace to ________．
A. let her recover faster
B. make her comfortable
C. adjust her way of swimming
D. help her perform better tricks
62．The story of Grace inspires people to ________．
A. stick to their dreams
B. treat animals friendly
C. treasure what they have
D. face difficulties bravely
【要点综述】 这是一篇关于海豚的故事， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲述的是一只断尾的海豚。它的尾巴在一次事故中丧失。在训导员的训练下，它克服了困难，学会了使用假尾巴，像其他海豚一样在水中遨游。它还成了一部电影中的明星，它的勇气感动了人们。
60．C 　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“fighting for her life”可知，它在为活下去而挣扎，所以选C。
61．C 　细节理解题。根据第三段末和第四段，可知它改变的游动方式给它带来了有害的压力，所以一家公司才给它装了条假尾巴。故选C。
62．D 　推理判断题。本文的目的就是通过描写一个断了尾巴的海豚勇敢地活下去的故事，来鼓励人们勇敢地面对困难。所以选D。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Some years ago, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the day's events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isn't accumulating memories a way of preserving the past
When I was thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, well－equipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my pen…
At that point, I unde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rstood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.
Now, I only write in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects I find really beautiful.I'm no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.
I don't want to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I won't have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I'll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I don't live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.
51．Before the age of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ________．
A．observing her school routine
B．expressing her satisfaction
C．impressing her classmates
D．preserving her history
52．What cause ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d a change in the author's understanding of keeping a diary
A．A dull night on the journey.
B．The beauty of the great valley.
C．A striking quotation from a book.
D．Her concerns for future generations.
53．What does the author put in her diary now
A．Notes and beautiful pictures.
B．Special thoughts and feelings.
C．Detailed accounts of daily activities.
D．Descriptions of unforgettable events.
54．The author com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es to realize that to live a meaningful life is ________．
A．to experience it
B．to live the present in the future
C．to make memories
D．to give accurate representations of it
【要点综述】 本文是一篇记叙文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，主要讲述了作者记日记发生的一些变化。13岁前，作者每天都记日记，记下一天发生的事及自己的感受等。作者很喜欢把自己看到的东西记在纸上。13岁以后， 一次去大峡谷的旅行改变了作者对记日记的看法，从那以后作者只在日记里记载特殊的想法和感受。作者认为要想过有意义的生活，就要亲自去经历。
51．D 　细节理解题。根据第一段 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后一句中的“… a way of preserving the past？”可知，作者在13岁以前认为记日记是一种保存过去的方式。 故D正确。
52．B 　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者改变是因为看到了峡谷的美丽景色。故B正确。
53．B 　细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Now, I … write down a special thought or feeling.”可知，现在作者在日记里只记录特殊的思想和感情。
54．A 　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者意识到要想过有意义的生活得自己亲自去经历。故A正确。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·合肥市二模，A)
Make A Differ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ence Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA, which takes place on the fourth Saturday of October.
Who takes part in Make A Difference Day
Anyone! Young and o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld, individuals and groups, anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others. It might be as ambitious as collecting truckloads of clothing for the homeless, or as personal as spending an afternoon helping an elderly neighbor or relative. USA WEEKEND covers volunteers and their projects in articles and photos.
How do I get started
Look around y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our community. Are people hungry, homeless or ill Are parks or schools dirty or neglected No matter where you live, there's a need nearby. And on Make A Difference Day, millions of Americans are expected to roll up their sleeves to help others. You can act alone or enlist your friends, family and co workers.
You can also call ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Make A Difference Day Hot Line, 1－800－416－3824, for information. Or use the ideas on this website for inspiration.
What do I do after I've selected a project
Tell others what you' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re doing and enlist help. Several weeks before the day, tell us about your plans in the Make A Difference DAYtaBANK, a national listing of local projects that will be viewed by interested volunteers, other people looking for good project ideas and news media looking for good stories to tell. It will only take a few minutes to post your plans in the DAYtaBANK hosted by HandsOn Network.
Do it!
Carry out your p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lans to help others on Make A Difference Day. Be sure to take lots of pictures and share them on the Make A Difference Day Photo Album.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了美国最大的社区活动Make A Difference Day。希望大家积极参与这一活动，帮助他人。
1．Where does the text probably come from
A．A magazine. B．A website.
C．A newspaper. D．A festival brochure.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据How do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I get started部分第二段的最后一句“Or use the ideas on this website for inspiration.”可知，答案B符合文义。
2．Make A Difference Day ________.
A．is celebrated every year all over the world
B．is a service provided by the community
C．is a celebration of helpful neighbors
D．is a national day of doing good in America
答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段第一句“Make A Difference Day is the largest national day of community service in the USA”和Who takes part in Make A Difference Day部分第一句中“anyone can carry out a volunteer project that helps others”可知，答案D符合文义。
3．It can be inferred from the text that volunteers ________.
A．are chosen carefully by USA WEEKEND
B．need to dress up on Make A Difference Day
C．can get good project ideas from HandsOn Network
D．take pictures to send them to news media for money
答案：C　推理判断题。根据What ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do I do after I've selected a project部分第二句中“other people looking for good project ideas and news media looking for good stories to tell.”和最后一句“It will only take a few minutes to post your plans in the DAYtaBANK hosted by HandsOn Newwork.”可推知，答案C符合文义。
4．The main purpose of the text is to ________.
A．introduce the origin of Make A Difference Day
B．instruct people how to select a proper project idea
C．promote Make A Difference Day to other countries
D．encourage individuals to join in Make A Difference Day
答案：D　写作意图题。根据对文章的最后一部分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Do it和全文的整体理解可知，本文主要的目的是鼓励大家积极参与Make A Difference Day这一活动，故答案D符合文义。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·合肥市二模，B)
Walking in a farm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping_up in opposition to factory farms.
Today's commercial ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to “Old McDonald”. Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food.
Fortunately, k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as “grass fed” beef. Technically, all cattle are grass fed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grass finished, not force fed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics (抗生素) are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick.
A healthier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grass fed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。为了应对机械 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开始兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。
5．The underlined w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ords “popping up” (in the 1st paragraph) probably means ________.
A．improving B．fading
C．profiting D．appearing
答案：D　词义猜测题。根据文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )章第一句中“and now more locally farmed protein choices are available”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地出现了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与pop up意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。
6．The song “Old McDonald” describes ________.
A．animals raised freely on local farms
B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions
C．commercial farms providing fast food
D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Today's commercial farms do not fit the image...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知，the song “Old McDonald”所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。
7．Some medicines are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )less effective for beef consumers probably because ________.
A．some cattle feed on grains
B．all cattle diet on grass
C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle
D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段最后一句中“and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans...”可推知，答案D符合文义。
8．We can infer from the text that ________.
A．food from l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ocal farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals
B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle
C．corn for the catt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories
D．lower temperature makes grass fed beef more delicious
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句“Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locally farmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排除。四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（2）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Affect of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Electricity on Cancer)
Can electricity cause cancer In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.
1.The main idea of this passage is
[A]. studies on the cause of cancer
. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer
[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.
[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.
2.The view-point of the EPA is
[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.
. electricity really affects cancer.
[C]. controversial.
[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer
3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report Because
[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.
. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.
[C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.
[D]. they had different arguments.
4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon
[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.
. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.
[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.
[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.
5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments
[A].They are indifferent. . They are worried very much.
[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.
Vocabulary
1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的
2. leukemia 白血病
3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤
4. legitimate 合法的，合理的
5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。这里指：无根据的担心。
6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤
7. carcinogen 致癌物
8. minuscule 很小的，很不重要
9. consensus 舆论
10. wallop 乱窜，猛冲，冲击力
11. epidemiological 流行病学的
12. blistering 罗嗦的，胡扯的
13. critique 评论，批评
14. imprimatur 出版许可（官方审查后的），批准
难句译注
1. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
[参考译文] 由于这问题的证据还不是结论性的，而且常常是矛盾的，所以就难以断定有关电力对身体的影响的顾虑是合乎情理，还是毫无根据的怀疑。
2. EPA——U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环境保护署
3． While the report falls short (缺乏，不够) of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”
[参考译文] 虽然报告没有把极低频磁场归类为可能致癌物，但它确实指出通常60赫兹的磁场是“一种虽尚未证实，但可能导致人患癌症的因素。”
4． The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House
[参考译文] 证据争议性仍然很大，所以报告草案在布什政府内引起巨大的争辩，而环保署无视无角大楼和白宫的强烈反对，公布了这份报告。
5. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
[参考译文] 这远比细胞所产生的电磁场低的多。
6. …and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.
[参考译文]　而且几十年来，科学家专注于更为强大的辐射类别，如Ｘ光射线，其聚合的冲击力足以把电子从组成人体的分子中撞出来。
7. But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect.
[参考译文] 可是流行病学的研究发现，几组资料在数据方面有所关联，却没有证实其因果关系。
8. a body of laboratory work 一批研究成果。
9. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link.
[参考译文] 在长达33页的对环保署文件的十分尖锐的批评中，空军方面的科学家指责，作者歪曲整个文件以证明癌症和电磁场之间的关联。
10. It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.
[参考译文] 令人惊讶的是环保署竟然批准许可这份报告的出笼。
写作方法与文章大意
文章以问答的方式，对比的写作方法，写出了围绕电力是否影响健康——是否致癌因素的两种观点，及其观点的依据。一种是美国环境保护署为代表的：极低频磁场是一种可能但还未被证实的致癌因素，而且无视白宫和五角大楼反对，公布了这份报告。理由是科学证据提出了两者之间的关联偶然性。另一种以空军中科学家为主的观点：电磁场不会诱发或触发癌症，而且以歪曲整个文件来证明两者之关系，批评了环保署。其理由人人皆知。因军队中任一单位都有点——从地面雷达到舰艇飞机防卫系统。
答案祥解
1. D 电力对癌症影响的不同观点。文章一开始就提出了“电会致癌吗？”这个问题。十多年来，一大批科学家和新闻界人士都指出：研究结果似乎表示：接触电磁场可能会增加患白血病和其他恶性肿瘤的危险性。所以说到目前为止还难以确定电力对健康的影响究竟是理性的，还是杞人忧天。见难句注释1。第二段公布了环保署的报告，见难句注释3。第三段说明：即使有致癌危险也是极微的。但应予以认真对待，进行更多的研究。而第七段中空军方面的科学家还没有被说服（见难句注释9），明确提出，我们的评论员认为没有迹象说明环境中存在的电力会诱发或促发癌症。
A. 对致癌因素的研究。 B. 致癌原因方面有争议的观点，这两项根本部队，和文内电力毫无关系。 C. 电力和癌症的关系，文中涉及的是电力究竟会不会致癌的两种观点，而不是两者之关系。
2. A. 电和致癌有一定难以确定的关系。答案在第二段第三句，环保署目前的结论是据科学证据指出极低频电磁场——具有长波的电磁场——和白血病，淋巴瘤及脑癌之间有着难以确定的联系，见难句注释3。
A. 电确实致癌，不对。 C. 有争议的。说的不够清楚，争议什么。 D. 低频磁场是一个可能致癌因素。这只是论点的一面。
3. B. 现代军事的任何部门都一直依赖于应用大量应用电子设备。五角大楼和白宫所以反对环保署公布报告之理由就在此。空军方面的专家所以说环保署方面的报告“歪曲了整个文件以证明两者之间的关系”也在此。见难句注释4。所以文内说“角大楼的关注是可以理解的。”
A. 报告会在布什政府内引起大规模的辩论，这是结果。 C. 五角大楼的关注是可以理解的，这不是原因。 D. 他们有不同的观点。
4. A.磁场力太弱不会产生有害作用。答案在第四段第二，三句，当电流通过电缆，产生磁场，对周围物体产生（影响）力。许多年来，科学家把任何有关“这些力可能有害的想法”置于一边（不予考虑），主要是因为它们（所产生的力）非常弱。
B. 磁场力比细胞产生的电磁场弱。只是明确指出的事实。 C. 磁场力对人的健康有害。不对。 D. 只有更强的辐射才能把人体中的电子击出来。不对。
5. C. 他们会采取谨慎小心避开电器的途径。因为他们不可能象A项那样漠不关心。这种问题直接影响人的生命。
B. 他们非常担忧。 D. 他们感到震惊，这两项都不可能，因为还在争议中，唯一的途径是尽量避开和电器接触。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·海淀区期末，C)
The early lack o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f exposure to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender (性别) balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home, girls ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )generally don't get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that their male counterparts do. It is often subtle, but it's the first hurdle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys, on the other hand, get on their path, and are encouraged to do so, generally earlier than girls. For example, boys are more often given science sets as toys, which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school, boys are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) often pushed to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people, a country, and a planet, we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths, they are highly unlikely to choose to follow them in college.
Our bias (偏见) tow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard girls, either from families or from schools, is so rooted in our culture that we often don't even recognize it. Although the situation has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years, there is still a sense, that girls aren't as good at math, for instance, even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them, we are limiting the potentials of our youth, both male and female. Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn't determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。由于受传统 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )偏见的影响，女孩最终进入STEM(科学、技术、工程、数学)领域的人数不多，直接导致了这些领域中男女比例失衡。作者呼吁，让更多的女性参与到STEM领域中去。
9．According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e passage, not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because ________.
A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys
B．girls do not like to take science classes
C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM
D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第二、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三段可知，由于对女孩的偏见，无论在家还是在学校，女孩在了解STEM方面的机会比男孩要少，这就是女孩进入STEM领域人数很少的原因。故答案选C。
10．The underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refers to ________.
A．our bias B．our culture
C．the situation D．a sense
答案：A　指代判断题。画线词前面提到， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们对女孩的偏见不是来自家庭，就是来自学校，在我们的文化中根深蒂固，而我们却经常对此不承认。由此可推知，不承认的内容是“我们对女孩的偏见”，因此，it指代的就是our bias。故答案选A。
11．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．show women's potentials in STEM fields
B．praise women's contributions to STEM fields
C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields
D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields
答案：D　推理判断题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据文章最后一段最后一句中的“... help young women understand that their gender shouldn't determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.”并结合全文可知，文章主要目的是为了呼吁更多的女性参与到STEM领域中。故答案选D。
12．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub point (次要点)
C：Conclusion
答案：D　细节理解题。浏览全文可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，第一段是中心段，提出了问题，起到了总领下文的作用；而第二段和第三段分别谈到在家和在学校的情况，两段是并列平行关系；第四段是对第二段和第三段的总结；最后一段是文章的结论部分。因此，D项符合题意。故答案选D。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·兰州市诊断，B)
“I like your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) smile, but unlike you put your shoes on my face”. A charming way of saying “Keep off the grass”. But could you figure it out Or this: “Wash Clothing Store” for laundry.
They are both typ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar. Expressions such as “people mountain people sea”， means extremely crowded, and “give you some color to see”， meaning a punishment, are widely known and recognized.
Chinglish has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en attracting global attention in recent years as China grows rapidly in stature on the world stage, attracting both fans and detractors.
The Beijing Speak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s Foreign Languages Programme and English First China Company, a language trainer known as EF Education, jointly launched a campaign to root out poor grammar and misused vocabulary in downtown Beijing. They argue Chinglish is an embarrassment that we should let it die out at all costs.
“It is meanin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gful, to allow the capital show its most beautiful historical and cultural heritage to the world.” Michael Lu, vice president of EF Education said, “since the launching of the campaign, foreign teachers and students had been very keen to volunteer participation.” He believed signs were very important in public services. “The signs in some old buildings confused foreign visitors.”
Chinglish, alth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough the target of much criticism, has also won supporters who regard it as an interesting way for foreigners to learn how Chinese people think and express themselves.
“Many Chinglish logos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carry Chinese elements and they will enrich the English language，” 32 year old Oliver Radtke said. He had even published a book “Chinglish: Found in Translation，” on the subject. About 50 000 copies of the book have been sold since it was published in 2007.
Some Chinese unive ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rsity experts also side with Chinglish. “English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish again testifies to the language's vitality and inclusiveness，” said Shi Anbin, an associate professor of Tsinghua University.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了中国式英语在中国的发展及应用，并列举了人们对其不同的看法和理解。
13．How did Chinglish come into being
A．Chinese people misunderstood the meaning of the new words.
B．Chinese people combined English vocabulary with Chinese grammar.
C．Chinese people based their English on the native English speakers.
D．Chinese pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople make wide use of English vocabulary with bad spelling.
答案：B　细节理解题。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据第二段第一句“They are both typical Chinglish, a combination of English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.”可知，答案选B。
14．What Shi Anbin said means ________.
A．there are many French and Spanish words in English
B．English is the language with vitality and inclusiveness
C．Chinglish enriches English and shouldn't be got rid of
D．Chinglish has greater effect on English than French and Spanish
答案：C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )段可知，Shi Anbin支持中国式英语。由“English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth, and the emergence of Chinglish again testifies to the language's vitality and inclusiveness”可推知，Shi Anbin认为中国式英语的存在证明了英语是一种包容性很强的语言，中国式英语能像法语和西班牙语一样使英语变得丰富。故答案选C。
15．According to Oliver Radtke, Chinglish ________.
A．shows how Chinese people think
B．does damage to the English language
C．shows the great humor of Chinese people
D．should be sold to all over the world
答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句可知，中国式英语带有中国元素。由此可推知，中国式英语体现了中国人的思维。故答案选A。四川巴中市2016高考英语二轮练习及答案：阅读理解（1）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
(The Importance of I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndependent Thinking)
No one can be a great thinker who does not realize that as a thinker it is her first duty to follow her intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead. Truth gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think. No that it is solely, of chiefly, to form great thinkers that freedom of thinking is required. One the contrary, it is as much or even more indispensable to enable average human beings to attain the mental stature which they are capable of. There have been and many again be great individual thinkers in a general atmosphere of mental slavery. But there never has been, nor ever will be, in that atmosphere an intellectually active people. Where any of heterodox speculation was for a time suspended, where there is a tacit convention that principles are not to be disputed: where the discussion of the greatest questions which can occupy humanity is considered to be closed, we cannot hope to find that generally high scale of mental activity which has made some periods of history so remarkable. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up fro9m its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
She who knows only her own side of the case knows little of that. Her reasons may be food, and no one may have been able to refute them. But if she s equally unable to refute the reasons of the opposite side; if she does not so much as know what they are, she has no ground for preferring either opinion. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgment, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world the side to which she feels the most inclination. Nor is it enough that she should heat the arguments of adversaries from her own teachers, presented as they state them, and accompanied by what they offer as refutations, That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into real contact with her own mind. She must be able to hear them form persons who actually believe them; who defend them in earnest, and do their very utmost for them. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty. Ninety-nine in a hundred of what are called educated persons are in this condition; even of those who can argue fluently for their opinions. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.

1.The best title for this passage is
[A] The Age of Reason The need for Independent Thinking
[C] The Value of Reason [D] Stirring People’s Minds
2.According to the author, it is always advisable to
[A] have opinions which cannot be refuted.
adopt the point of view to which one feels the most inclination.
[C] be acquainted with the arguments favoring the point of view with which one disagrees,
[D] suspend heterodox speculation in favor of doctrinaire approaches.
3.According to the author, in a great period such as the Renaissance we may expect to find
[A] acceptance of truth controversy over principles
[C] inordinate enthusiasm [D] a dread of heterodox speculation
4.According to the author, the person who holds orthodox beliefs without examination may be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT as
[A] enslaved by tradition less than fully rational
[C] determinded on controversy [D] having a closed mind
5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements
[A] A truly great thinker makes no mistakes.
Periods of intellectual achievement are periods of unorthodox reflection,
[C] The refutation of accepted ideas can best be provided by one’s own teachers.
[D] excessive controversy prevents clear thinking,
Vocabulary
1. stature 高度，境界，状况
2. heterodox 不合乎公认的标准的，异端的，异教的
3. tacit 心照不宣
4. refute 反驳
5. adversary 对立面，对手，敌人
6. plausible 善于花言巧语的/辞令的，似乎有理的/有可能的
7. doctrine 教义，学说
8. profess 表示，明言，承认，自称，信奉
难句译注
1. True gains more even by the errors of one who with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, then by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think.
[参考译文] 真理甚至从一个经过恰当研究和准备进行独立思考的人的错误中获得更多的东西，而从那些只是因为不予思考却持有正确的观点中获得的少（一种经过恰当的研究和准备进行独立思考的人犯的错误，另一种人是不予思考的却持有正确的观点，真理从前者错误中获得的东西比从后者的正确观点中获得的要多）。
2. mental slavery 思想禁锢，精神受奴役状态
3. Never when controversy avoided the subjects which are large and important enough to kindle enthusiasm was the mind of a people stirred up from its foundation and the impulse given which raised even persons of the most ordinary intellect to something of the dignity of thinking beings.
[结构简析] 这是一句以Never否定词开头的倒装句，正常的句序应把never放在句中，形成：the mind of people was never stirred up from its foundations
[参考译文] 当辩论比开重大课题，重大到足以燃起/激起人们激/热情的课题时，那么一个民族的思想绝不会从天赋的情感和原始的基础上升华，甚至使最普通智力的人上升到优点庄严的思想家水平上。
4. The rational position for her would be suspension of judgement, and unless she contents herself with that, she is either led by authority, or adopts, like the generality of the world, the side to which she feels the most inclination.
[参考译文] 对她来说理智的立场是停止判断，而且除非她满足于这一点，否则，她不是为权威人物的观点所左右，后者就像世界上芸芸众生一样，倒向她感觉最倾向的一边。
5. That is not the way to do justice to the arguments, or bring them into teal contact with her own mind.
[结构简析] do justice to 公平对待，适当处理。 Bring……into contact with 　使和……接触／联系。
[参考译文] 这不是对正确观点评价的方法，也不能使自己的思想真正接触到论点的实质。
6. She must know them in their most plausible and persuasive form; she must feel the whole force of the difficulty which the true view of the subject has to encounter and dispose of; else she will never really possess herself of the portion of truth which meets and removes that difficulty.
[结构简析] most plausible and persuasive form 很善于辞令和有说服力形式。　　possess oneself of 获得，据有，把……占为己有。　　them=arguments。　else　　否则的话。
7. Their conclusion may be true, but it might be false for anything they know; they have never thrown themselves into the mental position of those who think differently form them and considered what such persons may have to say; and consequently they do not, in any proper sense of the word, know the doctrines which they themselves profess.
[结构简析] throw oneself into…position 设身处地，使自己处于……位置／地点。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇由一般到具体，重要采用正反对比，推理的写作方法的文章，逻辑性强，正反论证，句子结构复杂冗长，分两段给出内容，第一段重点在：伟大的思想家的首要责任是奠定遵循自己智力所得出的结论。由此引起思想家和思想活跃的人民同时代环境的关系。只有思想后月的时期，才有伟大的思想家和活跃的人民，因为他们可以讨论重大主题，而在思想禁锢时期，只能产生个别伟大思想家。第二段具体的论证了独立思考涉及两方面，既如自己一方种种，也得知对手的一方种种（内容，推理，论点），才能真正获得真理。
答案详解
１. B 独立思考的必要性。见难句译注１。这里说明进行独立思考的人即使犯错误，真理也能从中获得东西，而那些懒于思考人，即使持有正确的观点，真理也难以获得东西。第一段还点明思想禁锢时期，即不能进行独立思考时期，难以讨论重大议题，产生不了活跃的人民，绝不会出现像辉煌的文艺复兴那种时期（见第二题注）。第二段也是围绕独立思考而写，只是从具体点着眼：人只知自己，不知对方无法获得真理，只有独立思考两方，才能不为权威所左右，不会跟着自己感觉走，最终知道自己的真正主张。
A. 理性时代。　　C.　驳斥的价值。　　D. 激发人民的思想。
２. C 熟悉有利于自己不同意／反对观点的论点。这是作者在第二段讲述的重要论点。他认为一个人只知自己一方，推理极好，无人能反驳，却不知对方的推理，也不能够予以反驳的话，他就无权选择两方的任一论点，其理智位置是停止判断。否则她就会（像世界上芸芸众生那样）不是为权威所“引导”，就是跟着感觉（的倾向）走。其二，作者提出：光听自己的老师讲述对立面的论点，以及他们所提出的反驳论点。只是不够的，必须倾听那些人（他们真正相信对立的观点）的论点，并为此积极热情，竭尽全力辩护，才能使自己的思想和独立论点接触，公正的作出公正的判断。
A. 具有不能驳斥的观点。　　B. 采取个人感觉最倾向的观点。 D. 停止有利于教条主义研究的异端思考。
３. B 辩论原则问题。答案在第一段：在思想禁锢的气氛中，过去，现在可能会产生个别的思想家，但绝不会有思想活跃的人民，在那里有一种心照不宣的惯律：原则决不能讨论——认为占据人类心灵的最重大问题的讨论应封闭，我们不能期望看到一般高级的思想活动。这种思想活动曾使历史上某些时期光辉灿烂。而文艺复兴就是思想活动的顶峰时期，必然会讨论原则问题，所以选B 。
A. 接受真理，周经过讨论才能接受真理。　C. 过度的热情。 D. 害怕异端思考。
４. C.　在辩论上，坚定不移。这是一道推断题，一般讲：持有未经检验的正统信仰的人不会独立思考，更不会怀疑他所信仰的东西。
A. 为传统所奴役。　B. 不怎么理智。　D. 头脑闭塞。这种人必然受传统思想控制，不理智更不愿接受外界新鲜事物。
５. B. 在思想方面取得成就的时期就是进行非正统反思的时期。见３题注释。
A. 一个真正的思想家不犯错误。　C. 一个人的老师最能提供所接受思想观点的反驳。　D. 过度的辩论会制止清晰的思考。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·东北三省四市第二次联考，A)
I was driving home th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e other day on a sunny afternoon. I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio. It was such a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness. My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs. Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had broken the law. I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light.
As I pulled to a stop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I noticed four leather jacketed bikers. They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light. They looked rough and dangerous, but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands. I rolled down my window as one approached my car. “We are the Brother of the Wheel，” he said. “We are collecting money for Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.” As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and into his eyes. They shined with goodness and kindness that came right from his soul. I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off. My good mood had returned. My faith in mankind had been bolstered. And I remembered once again never to judge people by their appearance.
Our society o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ften judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls. Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes. Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )述了作者在等红灯时见到了四位穿着皮夹克、骑自行车的年轻人，他们看起来粗鲁而危险，然而他们正在为贫困儿童募捐，他们的目光充满善良和友好。此事让作者意识到，不能以貌取人，而应看他人的行动。
1．The writer's good mood ended when ________.
A．he heard news between songs
B．he had to stop at a red traffic light
C．he heard a rich man broke the law
D．he saw four leather jacketed bikers
答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )四句“My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs.”可知，歌曲间歇插播的新闻使作者没了好心情。故答案选A。
2．What were the four bikers doing at the traffic lights
A．Having a bicycle race in the street.
B．Selling helmets to the passers by.
C．Raising money to help kids in need.
D．Preparing for Christmas holidays.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“We are collecting money for Christmas Toy Drive for needy children.”可知，他们是在为贫困儿童募捐。故答案选C。
3．What does “bolstered” in the second paragraph probably mean
A．Destroyed. B．Improved.
C．Decreased. D．Exploded.
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词的上下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文内容可知，作者起初对这四个人印象不好，因为他们看起来很粗鲁，并且很危险。但在得知他们真正的目的后，作者的看法改变了。作者对人性的认识得到了提升，明白了“不能以貌取人”的道理。因此bolster应与improve意思相近。故答案选B。
4．The writer wants to tell us that we should ________.
A．have faith in young people
B．judge others by their actions
C．change our attitude to society
D．manage to help others in need
答案：B　推理判断题。根据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文章最后一段最后一句“Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.”可知，作者想要告诉读者不要以貌取人，行动更重要。故答案选B。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2013·东北三省四市第二次联考，B)
In the winte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r months the temperature in most of Canada usually stays below 0℃. However, in some parts of Canada, such as southern British Columbia, the temperature rarely goes below 0℃. In most areas where people live, snow will be on the ground from mid December to mid March. Though Canada's winter may be much colder and longer than you are used to, it can be very enjoyable. For many Canadians, being active in winter is an important part of enjoying life. There are many outdoor winter activities, including skiing, ice fishing, walking, and skating. Joining in one of these activities may help you appreciate winter and enjoy your time outside in the snow.
Dressing for winter
During winter in Ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nada, you will need warm clothing. If possible, arrive with these items or be prepared to buy them soon after your arrival. You will need：
☆warm waterproof boots
☆a scarf for your neck
☆a hat that covers your ears
☆gloves for your hands
☆thick winter coats, pants and sweaters
Layers keep you warm
It's a good idea to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) layer your clothing by, for example, wearing a T shirt and a sweater underneath a jacket. If you become too hot, it's always easier to remove a piece of clothing than to add another. On the West Coast, prepare to dress for cool rainy or snowy weather. You will need：
☆a warm waterproof coat
☆waterproof hats
☆an umbrella
☆rain boots or snow boots
Learn more about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )weather and seasons across Canada. You can also contact Related Links, for example, an immigrant serving organization in the community where you live for more information about dressing for winter.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了冬季去加拿大旅行可以参加的活动，以及游客在穿戴方面应注意的事项。
5．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To tell about the details about Canada.
B．To show many outdoor winter activities.
C．To introduce the daily life of Canadians.
D．To encourage you to enjoy winter in Canada.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).. it can be very enjoyable”“There are many outdoor winter activities... may help you appreciate winter and enjoy your time outside in the snow.”可推知，本段的写作目的是为了鼓励读者去加拿大旅行，参加那里举办的各种户外活动。故答案选D。
6．What is the important part for many Canadians in winter
A．Ice fishing.
B．Joining a group.
C．Leading an active life.
D．Staying in the snow.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“For many Canadians, being active in winter is an important part of enjoying life.”可知，答案选C。
7．If you spend a wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nter in Canada, you'll prepare the following EXCEPT ________.
A．an umbrella and sunglasses
B．thick winter coats and pants
C．waterproof hats and coats
D．snow boots and gloves
答案：A　细节理解题。根据Dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essing for winter和Layers keep you warm中“☆”部分的内容可知，A项中的“太阳镜”不是需要准备的户外装备。故答案选A。
8．The author sugges ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts layering your clothing probably because ________.
A．it is cool to dress like that
B．it is a rule to dress like that
C．the weather there is changeable
D．the weather is usually very hot
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the winter months... in most of Canada usually stays below 0℃”可排除D项。根据Layers keep you warm部分中的“On the West Coast, prepare to dress for cool rainy or snowy weather.”可推知，C项符合文义；据Layers keep you warm部分中的“If you become too hot, it's always easier to remove a piece of clothing than to add another.”可排除A、B两项。故答案选C。