课件104张PPT。共 104 页1必修1
Unit 4 Earthquakes 共 104 页2要 点 梳 理 高效梳理·知识备考
●重点单词
1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发
2．event n．事件；大事
3．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍
4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
5．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受共 104 页36．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.
7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害
8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
9．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用
10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊共 104 页411．rescue n. & vt.援救；营救
12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境
13．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏共 104 页516．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
17．damage n. & vt.损失；损害
18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
19．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．判断，判决
20．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的共 104 页6●重点短语
1．right away立刻
2．at an end 结束
3．in ruins 成为废墟
4．dig out 掘出；发现
5．a(great) number of 许多；大量的
6．give out 分发；发出(气味、热等)共 104 页77．thousands of 成千上万
8．think little of 不重视；不假思索
9．blow away 吹走；刮走
10．be proud of 以……而自豪
11．instead of 代替
12．be trapped in 陷入……之中
13．be known for/as 因为/作为……出名
14．bring in 引进；引来共 104 页8●重点句型
1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！
3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。共 104 页9高考范文
( 湖南卷)
假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主要内容如下：
1． 描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2． 介绍你处理该事的方式；
3． 谈谈你的感想。 共 104 页10注意：1. 词数不少于120个；
2．可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实信息。
_______________________________________
_____________________________________共 104 页11[思路点拨]
本文需要考生发挥想象，适当增加内容，写作的自由空间比较大。文章应包含以下要点：
1．描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；
2．介绍你处理该事的方式；
3．谈谈你的感想；
4．注意词数是不少于120。共 104 页12[范文]
Dear Zhanghua，
Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I am so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.共 104 页13Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. Then I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.共 104 页14How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm first and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hong共 104 页15考 点 探 究 互动探究·能力备考
Ⅰ.词汇短语过关
1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作
burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech
突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来共 104 页16burst out crying/singing/laughing
突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst in 闯入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)
at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下
a burst of anger 怒火的迸发共 104 页17[即学即练1] (1)She burst out ______ for a while, and burst into ______ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
(2)We all thought his heart would burst ______ ___________________.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要爆发出来了。
(3)The police ____________ and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。 cryinglaughterwithhappinessburst in共 104 页18(4)Tom is bursting ____________ his mother.
汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
(5)There was __________________ laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 to seea burst of共 104 页192．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹
v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉共 104 页20 [即学即练2](1)Drink was his father's ______ and it will be the ______of him too.
酗酒是他父亲失败的原因，他也将遭同样的厄运。
(2)Years of fighting have left the area ___________.
多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
(3)A large number of churches __________________ after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。
(4)The heavy rain __________________.
大雨把我们的假期彻底搞糟了。
(5)If you go on like this, you'll ____________.
如果你继续这样下去，你会自己毁了自己。ruinruinin ruinsfell to ruinruined our holidayruin yourself共 104 页213．injure vt. 损害，伤害
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情
injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感共 104 页22[即学即练3](1)The boy ______ his leg.
这个男孩把腿弄伤了。
(2)Your remark may ______ her pride.
你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
(3)I didn't mean to ______ her ____________.
我并未打算伤害她。injuredinjuredoan injury共 104 页234．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克
vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊
be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事
It shocked sb. to see/hear...
看见/听到……使某人震惊。
(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击共 104 页24 [即学即练4] (1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him.
他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。
(2)He __________________ her smoking.
看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。
(3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocked me提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)
shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)共 104 页255．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事
be buried in thoughts 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居共 104 页26 [即学即练5] (1)He was sitting with his head ______in a book.他坐着埋头看书。
(2)He walked slowly, his hands ______ in his pockets.
他走得很慢，两手插在衣袋里。
(3)After the divorce, she __________________ her work.离婚后，她埋头于工作。
buriedburiedburied herself in提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。共 104 页276．judge v. 断定；判断；判决
n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法共 104 页28[即学即练6] (1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover.
勿以貌取人。
(2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。
(3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。judgebyJudging from/byWas judged to be共 104 页297．right away立刻，马上
(1)表示“立刻，马上”的短语
without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time
/right off
(2)比较right away/right now
right away“立刻，马上”，相当于at once, in no time。
right now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now
的语气强，相当于at this very moment。共 104 页30 [即学即练7] (1)I want it to be sent ____________.
马上把它发出去。
(2)He cleaned the room ____________.
他立即开始打扫房间。
(3)He’s not in the office ____________.
他现在不在办公室。
right awayright awayright now共 104 页318．at an end 终止；结束
bring...to an end (使)结束，终止
come to an end 结束，终止
at the end of 在……尽头(末)
by the end of 到……末为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后，终于(后不加 of短语)
on end 一连，连续
to the end 到底
without end 没完没了
make ends meet 收支相抵共 104 页32 [即学即练8] (1)The year is __________________.
这一年已到年终了。
(2)The meeting ________________________.
会议结束了。
(3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital
________________________ the road.
一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。
(4)They argued for two hours ____________.
他们一连辩论了两个小时。at an endcame to an endat the end ofon end共 104 页339．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
a large/great/good number of
a great/good many
a good few
quite a few＋可数名词复数
many a more than one＋单数可数名词＋单数谓语动词共 104 页34a great/good deal of
a great/large amount of
quite a little＋不可数名词
a lot/lots of
a great/large quantity of
large quantities of
plenty of＋可数名词复数
或不可数名词共 104 页35 [即学即练9] (1)There ______ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.
(2)The number of guests invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent for the heavy rain.
(3)Quantities of water ______ (be) polluted now.
(4)A great deal of oil ______ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.
(5)Many a famous writer ______(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. arewaswerearewasis共 104 页36提示：(1)a number of是“许多，大量”的意思，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数。
the number of 是“……的数目”的意思，谓语动词用单数。
(2)large quantities of ＋(pl.)/[U]做主语，谓语动词用复数。
large amounts of＋[U] n．做主语，谓语动词用复数。共 104 页37Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．It seemed as if the world was at an end!
世界似乎到了末日！
It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……
＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done...
It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。
seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……
There seems to be... 好像有……
It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。共 104 页38①It seemed that he had known the truth.＝He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。
②His father seems (to be) strict.
他父亲似乎很严厉。
③There seemed to be a voice in the distance.
似乎远处有人说话。
④It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。共 104 页39辨析：seem/look/appear
(1)seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。
(2)look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。
(3)appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。共 104 页40 [即境活用1]—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.
—It ______ as if they are having a party next door.
A．looks B．seems
C．appears D．happens
解析：C、D项不接 as if从句。A项不合题意。考查 It seems as if...句式。
答案：B 共 104 页412．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。
The child is too young to dress himself.
?The child is not old enough to dress himself.
?The child is so young that he can't dress himself.
这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。共 104 页42提示：(1)当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：
The book is too easy to understand.
这本书太容易理解了。
He was too anxious to leave.
他急于离开。
(2)too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如：
He is too careful not to have noticed it.
他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。共 104 页43 (3)too...to...中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：
It is never too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
(4)only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：
The girl is only too kind to help us.
这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。共 104 页44[即境活用2] Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.
A．so B．such
C．much D．too
解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意义。如用A项应改为 so...as to才对。
答案：D 共 104 页453．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。共 104 页46①All that glitters is not gold.
发光的并不一定都是金子。
②Both of the brothers don't like the film.
兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。
③Not everything went well with him.
他并非每件事情都顺利。
④Not all of the rich are happy.
不是所有有钱人都幸福。 共 104 页47⑤The rich are not always happy.
有钱人并非总是幸福。
⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.
你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。共 104 页48拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neither, nobody, nothing，以及 not...any/either来表示。
①None of them are right. 他们都不对。
②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。
③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。共 104 页49 [即境活用3] (1)—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?
—No, but I don't believe ______could pass it.
A．somebody B．anybody
C．everybody D．nobody
解析：not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。
答案：C共 104 页50 (2)(2008·全国Ⅰ)—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn't like ______.
A．both of them B．either of them
C．none of them D．neither of them
解析：not... either＝neither 表示全部否定。
答案：B共 104 页51易 错 点 拨 自我完善·误区备考
1. ruin/destroy/damage
(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破坏严重，强调渐渐毁坏了，多指不属于人为因素毁坏某事物，而是自然现象或客观原因改变。有“(使)破产，(使)毁灭”等意思。
(2)destroy vt. 指彻底毁坏，以致不能修复，常作“破坏，毁灭”解，还有“打破(希望、计划)”之意。
(3)damage n．&v. 表示使事物在价值、效用、外观等方面受到毁坏、损害，即部分受损，程度比 destroy 轻。共 104 页52 [应用1] (1)The car was only slightly __________ in the accident.
这辆车在事故中只受到轻微的损坏。
(2)That will _________ the reputation of our products.
那会毁了我们产品的声誉。
(3)The crops are nearly ______ by the continuous rain.
连续不断的雨水几乎毁坏了这些农作物。damageddestroyruined共 104 页532. injure/wound/hurt/harm
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成伤害，也可以表示损害名誉、伤害感情等。
wound 指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上受伤。
hurt 是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼、痛”。
harm 用于肉体或精神上的伤害均可。有时可指引起不安或不便。还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。共 104 页54 [应用2] (1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.
那强盗用刀刺伤了他。
(2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.
这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。
(3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.
有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。
(4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.
不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharm共 104 页55高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考
共 104 页56Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.
2．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾难)．
3．His sudden death was a great _________ (震惊) to his family.
4．He was one of the ________(裁判员) at the boxing match.
5．The car was ___________(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.Congratulations disastershockjudgestrapped共 104 页576．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.
7．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.
8．Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________
9．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.
10．He was too nevous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.rescuedshelterelectricityburiedexpress共 104 页58Ⅱ .单项选择
1．—Have you heard of D．P.R. Korea's nuclear test?
—Yes, ______ news came as ______shock to me.
A．the; a B．the; the
C．a; a D．a; the
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一个震惊”。共 104 页592．Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been ______ in the big fire.
A．injured B．wounded
C．damaged D．destroyed
答案：D
解析：表示“房屋被烧毁”用 destroy。共 104 页603．—I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be ______ careful in the street.
A．much B．very
C．so D．too
答案：D
解析：考查 never...too...表示“再……也不为过；越……越好”。共 104 页614．At least 203 miners were killed, 22 ______ and 13 ______ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.
A．injuring; trapping B．injured; trapped
C．injured; trapping D．injuring; trapped
答案：B
解析：考查过去分词。两空都与 were killed并列，故填过去分词形式。共 104 页625．______ the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
A．Judged from B．Having judged from
C．Judging from D．After having judged from
答案：C
解析：judging from为固定用法，“从……判断”的意思。共 104 页636．( 山东潍坊质量监测)Her books were all over the dining table, ______ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
A．which B．what
C．that D．it
答案：A
解析：考查定语从句。语意为：她的书摆满了餐桌，这就意味着我们必须在厨房吃饭了。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，代替主句所表达的整个内容。故选A项。共 104 页647．( 四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears.
A．into; in B．into; out
C．out; into D．out; in
答案：C
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。共 104 页658．His head was ______ in the book he was reading.
A．devoted B．addicted
C．buried D．absorbed
答案：C
解析：bury oneself/one’s head in“埋头于，专心于”。be addicted to＝be devoted to＝be absorbed in“专心于”，其主语皆为人。共 104 页669．This year an increased number of drivers ______ for driving after drinking.
A．have punished B．have been punished
C．has punished D．has been punished
答案：B
解析：“a number of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数，此句中应用被动语态。共 104 页6710．The tsunami killed ______ people in South and Southeast Asia.
A．ten thousands B．ten thousands of
C．tens of thousand D．tens of thousands of
答案：D
解析：tens of thousands of 意为“数以万计的”。共 104 页6811．There seems ______something wrong with the car. I can't start it.
A．as if B．that
C．to be D．to have
答案：C
解析：考查 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be...共 104 页6912．He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
A．until B．when
C．before D．as
答案：C
解析：考查 before 引导时间状语从句。共 104 页7013．( 福建六校三联)On Christmas Eve, the English evening ______ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight.
A．came up B．drew up
C．ran up D．ended up
答案：D
解析：考查动词词组辨析。come up“出现，发生”；draw up“起草”；run up“积欠(债务等)”；end up“结束”。语意：圣诞前夜，英语晚会以歌曲《难忘今宵》结束。因此，D项正确。共 104 页7114．______ he is doing an operation on the patient; please don’t disturb him.
A．Right away B．Right now
C．In no time D．At once
答案：B
解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但right now还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。共 104 页7215．We can’t have lunch at the restaurant, because ______.
A．all of us don’t have money
B．not all of us have money
C．everyone of us don’t have money
D．none of us has money
答案：D
解析：考查部分否定与全部否定。A、B、C均为部分否定，D项为全部否定，据题意选D。共 104 页73Ⅲ .阅读理解
A
Last year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand.共 104 页74Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved streets, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.
共 104 页75I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.共 104 页76Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficulties.共 104 页77As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.共 104 页78But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.共 104 页791. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of ______.
A. paying a visit to Chile as a tourist
B. experiencing Chilean life as a teacher
C. studying Chilean culture as a college student
D. studying knowledge as an exchange student共 104 页80答案及解析：
1. D。细节理解题。综合第三段的“I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class.”和第四段的“Most exchange students experience this like me.”可判断作者是一名交换生。共 104 页812. On arriving in Chile, why did the author feel frightened?
A. Because he did not know how to get along with the local people.
B. Because it was full of dangers like earthquakes and windstorms.
C. Because its living conditions were worse than what he was used to.
D. Because it was not convenient for him to shop there.共 104 页82答案及解析：
2．C。细节理解题。文章第二段提到：“It was so different from what I was used to.” 再从街道环境、购物环境、娱乐设施、自然条件等方面描写智利比较差的生活条件，由此可知作者是因为智利生活条件比他原先习惯的生活差许多而产生恐惧心理。共 104 页833. In the first week in Chile the author ______.
A. was not used to eating Chilean food
B. had some friends to have a chat with
C. couldn't communicate with people
D. couldn't express his thoughts in English共 104 页84答案及解析：
3．A。细节理解题。来到智利的第一周，作者还在承受着culture shock 的痛苦，综合第四段“Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲)．”和第五段的“As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food.” 可判断，不习惯智利的饮食是作者来到智利的第一周出现的。共 104 页854. What did the author most probably think of his life in Chile?
A. Wonderful and worthwhile.
B. Difficult but meaningful.
C. Difficult and meaningless.
D. Boring and disappointing.共 104 页86答案及解析：
4．B。推理判断题。综合第四段的“I was required to overcome all the difficulties.”和最后一段“But the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain.”可知，作者最有可能会认为自己在智利的生活不容易， 但尽管如此还是很有意义的，因为它让作者学到了很多东西。共 104 页875. According to the passage, which of the following statements about Chile is true?
A. Its official language is Spanish and English.
B. It is a developing country without foreign students.
C. It seldom rains and natural disasters often happen.
D. Most Chileans are not friendly to foreigners.共 104 页88答案及解析：
5．C。细节理解题。根据第二段的“Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.” 可判断C项正确。共 104 页89B
It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services. Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, has also announced he is planning to make some changes in our health service.共 104 页90 The crux of Mr Brown's proposals is related to giving the NHS (National Health Service) a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.共 104 页91 He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example, breast cancer. In Britain there are 200 000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.共 104 页92Initially, the diagnostic (诊断的) tests will be available for those who are vulnerable,or most likely to have the disease. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery (动脉), a condition which kills 3 000 men a year.共 104 页93The opposition have criticized Mr Brown's proposals, saying that they are just a trick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.共 104 页94The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pay more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare, because it's much quicker. NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care themselves.共 104 页95 6. The underlined word “vulnerable” in the fourth paragraph probably means ______.
A. sick B. weak
C. wounded D. old 共 104 页96答案及解析：
6．B。词义猜测题。根据其后一句or most likely to have the disease可知此处为“体弱者”。共 104 页977. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.
A. all people should pay for their healthcare at the NHS
B. some people are against the reform of the healthcare
C. the writer is likely to come from Britain
D. more money will be spent on testing people than before共 104 页98答案及解析：
7．A。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，能够负担得起费用的人们常常自己花钱去看病，这也就是说人们本来可以不用花钱的。故选项A不正确，为答案。选项B根据文章倒数第二段可知，反对党对这个建议进行了批判；选项C根据文章第一段最后一句可知；选项D根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可反推出来。共 104 页998. Which of the following is the reason for the increasing private healthcare?
A. People are paying more attention to their own health.
B. People are well－off enough to pay their healthcare.
C. The NHS was not available for most of the people.
D. It's not so convenient for people to go to the NHS for their healthcare. 共 104 页100答案及解析：
8．D。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，人们自己掏钱看病的原因是因为在NHS的等待时间太长，所以对人们来说不方便，故答案为D。共 104 页1019. According to the passage, the purpose of the health reform plan in the UK is to ______.
A. encourage more private healthcare
B. focus on the prevention rather than on curing the patient
C. deal with the main artery problems
D. fight against the opposition in the UK 共 104 页102答案及解析：
9．B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知。共 104 页10310. The author of this passage intends to tell us ______.
A. the NHS should be reformed right away
B. more and more people are dying from diseases
C. the plan to reform the NHS in the UK
D. the criticism of Mr Brown's proposals共 104 页104答案及解析：
10．C。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知。事实上，本文作者重点介绍了英国的医疗改革计划，文章大量篇幅都在说明英国的医疗状况。课件28张PPT。Unit4 Earthquake单词词组记忆 well n.
pipe
burst
event
canal
steam
million
nation
mine n.
miner
shelter
管子爆裂，爆发事件， 大事 运河百万民族，国家矿，矿井矿工避身处， 避难所 井单词词组记忆 dirt
suffering
extreme
injure
destroy
useless
shock
rescue
electricity
disaster无用的灾难电营救震惊毁坏受伤 极度的苦难， 痛苦 灰尘，污垢单词词组记忆
as if
at an end
in ruins
be shocked at
be trapped in/ under
dig out
掘出，挖出被困在…因….震惊废墟结束好像【课前预习】
Imagine that your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
2. It seemed that the world was at an end!
3. In fifteen terrible seconds, a large city lay in ruins
4. All hope was not lost. What can you see in the picture?But in 15 minutes, everything changed because of an earthquake. Tall buildings were destroyed.Roads were cracked.People were injured.The city was in ruins.Tangshan’s new lookWhat happened in 1976 in Tangshan?
Can you find the main idea of each paragraph?(para.1)
(para.2-3)
(para.4)Strange things were happening before the earthquake. (before the earthquake)The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss. (during the earthquake)The army rescued the survivors. (after the earthquake)Just do it !Discussion:
What do you think will happen before an earthquake?
The water….The walls….The gas….2.in the farmyardchickenspigs3.In the fields micefish4.In the sky ….Find the key words and sentences in the first paragraph1.wellWhat may happen
before an earthquake? The water in the wells
___________. And some
deep cracks could be seen
in the well walls. A ______ gas came out the cracks.Awellrose and fellsmelly
What may happen
before an earthquake?B The chickens and even pigs are _____
nervous ____ eat.
on the farmyardtootoWhat may happen
before an earthquake?CMice ran out of the
Fields___________
places to hide.
Fish_____________
of bowls and ponds.in the fieldslooking forjumped outDWhat may happen
before an earthquake?People could see __________in the sky.in the skybright lightsThe water in the well rose and fell and the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks.
Mice ran out of the fields, looking for places to hide.
Fish jumped out of bowls and ponds
The animals were too nervous to eat
5. The dog was barking loudly again and again.
6. Bright lights appeared in the sky
……………………. Warning signs of earthquake are as follows:skimMain idea of part 2The disaster happened and caused a lot of loss.
(during the earthquake)Answer the question:(para.4) What did the army do?
Those who were trapped were dug out and the dead were buried;
Most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines;
Shelters were built for survivors;
Fresh water was taken to the city.课内探究：
I. BDDDA II. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4.T 5. F III. 替换句子
1.It seemed that the world was at an end!
2. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
长难句：
1.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
2.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
3.It seemed as if the world was at an end.
1 人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。 2. 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。3.世界好像到了尽头。Fill in the blank ____________ happened in Tang Shan. For a few days, water in the wells _____________. From the ______ of wells __________come out. Mice, chicken, pigs and even fish became ________. At 3:00 am, everything began to ______.It seemed that the world was _________. _________ of the nation ____ it. ___________cut across the city. The city lay _______. Strange thingsrose and fellcrackssmelly gasnervousshakeat an endOne-thirdfeltA huge crackin ruinsTwo-thirds of the people _____ or ___________. Then later that afternoon, another big quake ______ Tang Shan. People began to wonder ___________________________. But all hope ____________. _______ came to help those ________. Slowly, the city began to _____________.diedwere injuredshookhow long the disaster would lastwas not lostSoldiersbreathe againsurvivors 课后延伸：
1. It looks as if it is going to rain.
2. The economy was in ruins after the war.
3. All that glitters is not gold.
4. He thought little of the advice (that/ which) I gave him .Thank you 课件50张PPT。 unit 4
The Attributive Clause
定语从句修饰名词和代词的成分定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词This is the best film that I have seen.先行词关系词定语从句先行词：被修饰的名词或代词，在定语从句之前.定语从句：先行词之后, 修饰先行词.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose，as；（主语、表语、宾语、定语）
关系副词：where, when, why。 （状语）
This is the best film that I have seen.引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用 1） 2） 3）关系词I have an apple.The apple is red.I have an applethat/which is red.修饰先行词 an apple Combine the two sentences by using the Attributive Clause :The army organized teams to dig out those
who were trapped and to bury the dead.1 The army organized teams to dig out people
and to bury the dead.
2 Those people were trapped. combine the two sentences by using the Attributive Clause :Workers built shelters for survivors whose
homes had been destroyed.1.Workers built shelters for survivors.
2.The survivors’ homes had been destroyed.
跟踪练习1The?book?that?I?borrowed?from?the?library?is?well?written.?
2. Is?she?the?girl?who?would like to join the army??
3.Did?you?see?the?young?man?who?was?chosen?as the leading actor??
4.The?worker?who?repaired?our?house?lives?next?door?to?Li?Hua’s
5. The?person?whom?you?want?to?see?comes.?
6. The?girl?that studies?music?plays?the?violin?very?well. ?
7. The?day?which?I?was?looking forward to?arrived?at?last.?
8. Is?there?anything?that belongs?to?you??
9.The?watch?which?her?mother?gave?to?her?works?very?well.
10.This?is?the?shop?which?keeps?open?till?eleven?at?night.
出错率较高的题目 7、9、10二、分类 定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 (1). 限制性定语从句，不用逗号分开。
(2). 非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如将从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而有时其先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which或as引导。
e.g.This is the house （that/ which）we bought last month.
This house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
The earth travels around the sun, as is well known to us all.
课内探究定语从句中关系代词的用法
that引导的定语从句。
(1) A plan is a machine that can fly. (做___________语，先行词指____________.)
(2)The girl that we saw was his sister. (做_________语，先行词指____________.)宾a machine主the girl2. which 引导的定语从句
(1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (做___语，先行词指__________.)
(2)The fish which we bought this morning were not fresh. (做___语，先行词_____________.)主some trees宾the fish3. who / whom 引导的定语从句
(1)The boy who brake the window is called tom. (做___语，先行词指___________.)
(2)The person whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (做_____语，先行词指___________.)主the boy宾the person4. whose 引导的定语从句
(1)This is the scientists whose name is known all over the world. (做_______语)
(2)The room whose window faces south is mine. (做_______语)定定Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun whowhomwhichthatwhoseas∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨特别注意
定语从句中，关系代词做宾语，可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词，根据先行词来确定。
e.g. I like the overcoat you wear.
There are two persons that ______ trapped in the flood.
are【跟踪练习】Fill in the blanks with proper words （使用尽可能多的关系代词）
1. The person ____________________ you are waiting for has gone.
2. The students _____________collect stamps are very interested in the “First Day Covers”
3. The computer________________________ they use belongs to the school.
4. The school ______________________ is fifty meters away will be rebuilt.
5. I know a lady _____ father is a famous writer.who / whom / that / φ who / that which / that / φ whose which / that 只用who的情况One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sign up here.
whowhowhowho先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who. 只用that不用which的情况
①当先行词是 all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing 等词时.如：All that can be done has been done.
In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.
②当先行词被 all, any, no, much, little, few, every 等限定词所修饰时。如：
We heard clearly every word that he said
③当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。如：
The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets.
When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
④当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时，
如：Is that the best that you can do?
That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.
⑤当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时。
如：This is the very book that I want to find.
⑥当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。
如：The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Palace.
She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.
⑦当主句是以 wh- 特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：Which is the car that killed the boy?只用which不用that的情况 1)引导非限制性定语从句。
Football, ______ is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
2)介词+关系代词引导定语从句时
There are many trees ___________________ they can have a rest.
whichunder which1.Do you know the things and persons ___
they are talking about?
A.that B.which C.who D.whom2.Do you have anything ___ you want to
say for yourself?
A.that B.which C.who D.whose
5.The man ______ I spoke on the phone last night
is very good at swimming.
A.whom B.to who C.to that D.to whom
4.This is the very book ___ I’m looking for.
A.that B.which C.who D.whose3.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is
an interesting book.
A.that B.which C.who D.whoseas与which引导定语从句时的相同点：两者均能用在非限制性定语从句中，代表整个主句
（或主句的一部分）内容。 eg: The weather turned out to be very good,
which/as was more than we could expect. as与which引导定语从句时的不同点：1.as有“正如…那样” “就像……” 之意，而which 没有。
2.as引导的定语从句可以放在主句前，也可放在主句后，
而which 只能放在主句后,不能放在句首。
3.as可用于the same/as/such/so …as…之类的固定句
型中，而which 不能。
e.g. 1) Such books as you tell me are interesting.
2)I have the same plan as you.
试比较：This is the same pen that I lost.
This is the same pen as I lost.同一支同类不同支1.____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A.When?????B.After? ? C.As?????D.Since
2. I’ve bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
3._____is known to everybody ,the moon travels around the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
4.Keep away from such persons____will do harm to you.
A. who B. that C. as D. like
5._____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A．Which???B．When??C．When?D．As
6.Bamboo is hollow（空的）, ____ made it very light.
A. as B. which C. that D. so当堂巩固
一．1. Who / that 2. Who / whom / that / φ
3. whose 4. whose 5. that / which
6. which / that / φ 7. which / that / φ 8. which, as 9. As 10. which 11. which 12. as 13. as
二． CAACB, DBDAB看图连句The man _________________ is Liuxiang.who ran fastestLiuxiang is the man ________________.who ran fastestChangzhou is a city ___________________ _____.Changzhou a citydevelop fast which /that develops fastBeckham is a football
player.
He is handsome.Beckham is a football player, _______________. who is handsomeThe city _________________________________
___________________ is Beijing. which hosted the 2008
Olympic GamesThe city host(举办) 2oo8 Olympic Games BeijingWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房子是我的。The house _________________ is mine.whose roof is brownMy house1.The man _________came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _________________ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _______parents are dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book ____________ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days ____________we spent together. 6.I like the person _________you just talked.
7. I have a room ________window faces south.who, thatwhom, that, who, /whosethat, which, /that, which, /to whomwhosePractise一、只用who的情况One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sign up here.
whowhowhowho先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用who.二、只用that的情况先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, little, much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _____ you can borrow.(that)Do you have anything _____ you don’t understand?that三、限制性定语从句和 非限制性定语从句The earthquake which caused a lot of damage
was so terrible.
The earthquake was so terrible, which caused
a lot of damage.
The people of the city, who thought little of these events,
were asleep as usual that night.
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. (2006)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
AThe boy bought a bicycle. It was newly repaired.
The boy is wearing a red jacket.
He bought a bicycle just now.
The boy is dressed in wool coat.
His bicycle was lost just now.
The boy bought a new bike. It made him so happy.The boy bought a bicycle that/which was newly repaired.The boy who bought a bicycle is wearing a red jacket..The boy whose bicycle was lost just now is dressed in
wool coat.The boy bought a bicycle, which made him so happy.practice2Make a report about the typhoon:
(using attributive clauses)
There was a typhoon ______ attacked Huzhou on Oct. 7th this year. It was a strong typhoon ___________ stayed in Zhejiang for a long time. It brought strong wind and heavy rain, ______ caused a lot of damage. More than 5 million people went through the typhoon, among ______ many people were trapped or injured. Many buildings fell down. It caused flood and mud-rock flow in many places, _____ resulted in a loss of more than 4.5 billion money. Teams were organized to rescue those ______ were trapped and help was given to those ______ suffered from the typhoon. Luckily, it was reported that no one was killed.thatthat / whichwhichwhomwhichwhowhopractice3 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.translation自助者天助之谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。不到长城非好汉God helps those who help themselves.
He who laughs last laughs best.谁能坚持到底,谁就能把英语学好!He who can keep studying all the way
can learn English well! Mary is a student. She’s a girl. She’s16. Her dad is a teacher, her mother is a teacher, too. She’s our monitor. She’s very strict with us. This makes us angry. We all like her. 1.Try to use two sentences to rewrite it , which should include Attributive clause.
2. paper exercise(高考演练)HomeworkJim passed the driving test, ______ surprised
everybody in the office. (2006)
A. which B. that C. this D. it
Exercises: 1. All ______ is useful to us is good.
A.which B.what C.that D.whether
2. She will never forget the days ______ she spent in Beijing.
A.when B.what C.which D. why
3. The man ______ you are talking is in the next room.
A. to whom B. about whom
C. who D. whom
4. This is the school _______ my father worked thirty years ago.
A.that B. when C. which D. where
5. The text is one of the most interesting stories ______ learned in the past three years.
A.that have B. that have been
C.which has D. which has been
6. The college won’t take on anyone ______ eyesight is weak.
A.who B.whose C.of whom D.which7. Here is the bicycle ______ in the shop.
A.that you saw it B.that saw it
C.you saw D.you saw it
8. Those ______ to take part in the game write down your names, please.
A.who B.who want
C.that wants D want
9. I, _____ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.what is
C.what am D.who am10. His walking-stick, ______ he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.
A.that B.with which
C.which D.without which
11. There are three libraries in our school, _____ were built five years ago.
A.all of them B.either of them
C.all of which D.both of that
12. The reason _______ he can’t come is that he has to work late.
A.because B.that C.why D.for13. The family _____ I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing.
A. which B. whom C. what D. whose
14. This is the only thing _____ I can do now.
A.what B. which C. that D. all
15. I don’t like the way _____ he spoke to me.
A.by that B.what C. by which D./
Homework:
1. Review the Attributive Clause
2. Exercise Book A, P33-35 （1、4）
3. Exercise Book B, P18-19 （1、2）Good-bye Thank you !
