人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习语法专题学案

高三英语语法专项复习 专题05 名词与主谓一致
名词 类 别 意 义 例 词
专有名词 表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构等的专有名称 Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示单个人的人或事物 girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country
集合 名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 people, police, team, clothes, group, crew
不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质 water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli
抽象名词 表示抽象概念的词 fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care
名词的分类
注：有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。eg. beer ----a beer一杯啤酒；work--- a work 工厂，著作；glass---a glass 一个玻璃杯；room空间---a room一个房间
名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词。
当名词为： 词尾变化 读 音 例 词
一般情况 加s 在清辅音后读/s/ chips, jeeps, pats , clocks
在浊辅音或元音后读/z/ boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers
以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词 加es /iz/ watches, boxes, classes, brushes
以字母o结尾的单词 加s或es /z/ zoos, photos, bamboos, tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,
以辅音字母+y结尾的单词 去y 变i加es /z/ dictionaries, strawberries,
以f 或fe结尾的单词 去f或fe 变v 加 es /vz/ leaves, wives, halves
以th结尾的词 加s / z/; /θz/ mouths, paths; months, deaths
1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “a或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 “-s或-es”。名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种：
2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化
改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice
单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…
由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数
eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers
注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式
eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors, etc;
有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数).
eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news
3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+’s；另一种是用of, 表示 “……的”。
1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +’s。 eg. Mr. Mott’s robot, children’s clothes
(2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 +’ eg. teachers’ books
(3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+’s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面+’s。 eg. Lucy and Lily’s room. (指两人共住一个房间)
Mrs Green’s and Mrs Brown’s son. (指两人各自的儿子)
(4) 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略
eg. the doctor’s (office) Mr. White’s （home）
2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。
eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom，
（2）双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Tom’s
（3）有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加’s来构成所有格。
eg. ten minutes’ walk, today’s newspaper
主谓一致
一、语法一致原则
主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
Tow students are waiting for you in your office. 两名学生在办公室等你。
二、意义一致原则
谓语动词用单数的情况
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋复数名词作主语。
Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。
(4)由every ，any ，some ，no 和 one， thing， body等所构成的不定代词作主语。
Is everybody here today？今天每个人都在这儿吗？
(5)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。
Whatever was left was taken away. 无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
注意：what引导的主语从句，谓语动词一般用单数形式，若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
谓语动词用复数的情况
(1)由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。
(2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语。
People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读 ( http: / / www.5ykj.com / shti / " \t "_blank )是为了消遣。
(3)一些常用做复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，clothes等作主语。
The goods are made in China.这些货物都是中国制造的。
(4)由山脉、群岛、瀑布等以s结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Himalayas are the roof of the world. 喜马拉雅山脉是世界屋脊。
(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词作主语。
A number of other plants were found in America. 在美国发现了大量的其他植物。
谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
(1)集体名词class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主语，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。
The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.
中国人口很多，其中80%的人住在农村。
(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定，这类词有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。
Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每种方法都试过，但没有一个有效。
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
(3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。
The kind of paper is made of straw. 这种纸是由稻草制成的。
Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些种类的动物要灭绝了。
(4)all，none，some，any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All is going on very well. 一切顺利。 All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在。
(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。
A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 有很多学生要来开会。
A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.
准备这次会议需要做大量的工作。
三、就近一致原则
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不适合这份工作。
Are neither you nor I fit for the work 你和我都不适合这份工作吗？
注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.
损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来承担。
(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
Are there three books and one pen on your desk 你的书桌上有三本书和一支钢笔吗？
巩固练习
1.（2011湖北卷） “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly ___________________ (惊慌)in her voice.
2.（2011江苏卷） Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _________________________（competent）.
3.（2011安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____________ (be)saved for other purposes.
4.(2011湖南卷)One third of the country _________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______black people.(be)
5. You were working too hard. You’d better keep a balance between work and_________________ (relax).
6. (2012湖南卷) All the scientific evidence_______________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming_____________ (be)damaging our health.
7. (2012福建卷)— Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency
— Well, you know, English is my ________________( strong). So it is my best ___________ (choose).
8.(2012陕西卷) The basketball coach, as well as his team, ______________(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
9.(2012山东卷) My first __________________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
10. (2012四川卷) He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just ________________________________(时间问题).
11.(2012江西卷) You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future __________________(refer).
12. (2012浙江卷)Your ___________________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.
13. (2013湖北卷) Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal
their ___________ (anxious) over a lack of sense of belonging.
14. (2013江苏) With _____________(inspire) from other food cultures, American
food culture can take a turn for the better.
15. (2013江西) Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with
______________(patient).
16. (2013福建) The famous musician, as well as his students, ________(be)invited to
perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
17. (2013湖南)The university estimates that living expenses for international students
________ around $8,450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.(be)
18. Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others __________ essential to their development.(be)
19. [14福建]—Could you tell me the trick of making such ______________(taste) cakes
— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
20. [14湖北] Her ___________________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to
get the right to higher education.
21. [14湖北] When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”
Joan’s face turned red at the _____________________(出乎意料的) compliment.
22. [14湖南] All we need ___a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(be)
23.—Why does the lake smell terrible
—Because large quantities of water___________________________________(pollute).
24. The teacher together with the students________ discussing Reading Skills that________ newly published in America.
25. Either you or one of your students________(be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
26．At present，one of the _______________(argue) in favor of the new airport________(be)that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
27.—Did you go to the show last night
—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________(be)invited.
28. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where___________________________________(not decide) yet.
29. The number of people，who have access to their own cars，____________(rise) sharply in the past decade.
30. Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________________________(offer) since the organization was built.
31. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have
32. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ___________ (wear)evening dress.
33. Buying clothes________(be)a hard job because the clothes a person likes________(do)not very often fit him or her.
34. Many a writer of newspaper articles________________(turn) to writing novels in the past few years.
1. panic 2. competence 3. were 4. is; are 5. Relaxation
6. shows；is 7. strength; choice 8. was 9. impression
10. a matter of fact 11. reference 12. performance 13. anxiety
14. inspiration 15. patience 16. was 17. are; is
18. is 19. tasty 20. motivation 21. unexpected 22. is
23. have been polluted 24.is: was 25.is 26. Arguments; is
27. was 28. hasn’t been decided 29. has risen 30. have been offered
31. C 32. wears 33. is；do 34. has turned
1高三英语语法专项复习 专题04 构词法
一.概念
英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.
二.要点精讲
1.转化法
　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
　　1)动词转化为名词
　　④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
　　3)形容词转化为动词
　　有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
　　4)副词转化为动词
　　有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
　　Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终将败露。
　　5)形容词转化为名词
　　表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法
alone单独的 antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表
cooperate合作 enjoy使高兴 internet互联网
reuse再用 subway地铁 telephone电话
wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化
pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织
　　(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如：
nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如：
angry生气的→angrily生气地 to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如：
six六→sixteen 十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
1)合成名词
　　构成方式 例词
　　名词＋名词 weekend周末
　　名词＋动词 daybreak黎明
　　名词＋动名词 handwriting书法
　　名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药
　　名词＋介词＋名词 editor-in-chief总编辑
　　代词＋名词 she-wolf母狼
　　动词＋名词 typewriter打字机
　　动名词＋名词 reading-room阅览室
　　现在分词＋名词 flying-fish飞鱼
　　形容词＋名词 gentleman绅士
　　副词＋动词 outbreak爆发
　　介词＋名词 afternoon下午
2)合成形容词
　　名词＋形容词 snow-white雪白的
　　名词＋现在分词 English-speaking讲英语的
　　名词＋to＋名词 face-to-face面对面的
　　名词＋过去分词 man-made人造的
　　数词＋名词 one-way单行的
　　数词＋名词＋形容词 two-year-old两岁的
数词＋名词＋ed five-storeyed五层的
动词＋副词 see-through透明的
　　形容词＋名词 high-class高级的
　　形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的
　　形容词＋形容词 light-blue浅蓝色的
　　形容词＋现在分词 good-looking相貌好看的
　　副词＋形容词 ever-green常青的
　　副词＋现在分词 hard-working勤劳的
　　副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的
　　副词＋名词 fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
　　介词＋名词 downhill下坡的
3)合成动词
　　名词＋动词 sleep-walk梦游
　　形容词＋动词 white-wash粉刷
　　副词＋动词 overthrow推翻
4)合成副词
　　形容词＋名词 hotfoot匆忙地
　　形容词＋副词 everywhere到处
　　副词＋副词 however尽管如此
　　介词＋名词 beforehand事先
　　介词＋副词 forever永远
5)合成代词
　　代词宾格＋self herself她自己
　　物主代词＋self myself我自己
　　形容词＋名词 anything任何东西
6)合成介词
　　副词＋名词 inside在……里面
　　介词＋副词 within在……之内
副词＋介词 into进入
influenza→flu
　　refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
　　混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
　　news broadcast→newscast新闻广播
　　television broadcast→telecast电视播送
　　smoke and fog→smog烟雾
　　helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
三.即学即练
1．That man was ______________(care) enough to leave the manager a message.
2.The soldier _______________(die) for saving the child, so his ____________(die)is heavier than Mount Tai.
3.The child looked __________(sad) at his brother who was badly wounded.
4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________________.
5.The three- ___________(leg)chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off.
6.Stephenson became the___________(lead)railway engineer in the world.
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_______________(pride)about at his classmates.
8.To everyone’s ________________________(satisfy), the girl finished
the job quite well.
9.--What are you doing here
--Oh, my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________ in English.
--You can write _______ passage in English.
A. 600 word; a 600-word B.600-word; a 600-words
C. 600 words; a 600-word D. 600 words ; a 600-words
10. No one should enter the spot without the _________________(permit) of the police.
11. The________ ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement
12.My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the________ news about Iraq War
A.lately B.latest C.later D.latter
13.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A.longer B.length C.long D.longing
14.Canada is mainly an________ country.
A.English-speaking B.speak-English
C.spoken-English D.English-spoken
15.How__________________ he is! He is always acting ___________________.He is really a ______________.(fool)
16.The necklace that she lost is very expensive. It’s of great ______________ (value).
17. The black people were against slavery and fought for their___________ (free)bravely.
18.We have to learn_______________ (advance)technology from other countries.
19.___________________ speaking, I am not sure of his _________________ (honest)
1.careful 2. died; death 3.sadly 4. chemist
5.legged 6.leading 7.proudly 8.satisfaction
9.C 10.permission 11. C 12.B
13.B 14.A 15. foolish；foolishly；fool
16.value 17.freedom 18. advanced 19.honestly; honesty
5高三英语语法专项复习 专题02代词
代词可以分为以下七大类
1 人称 代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2 物主 代词 形容词性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3 反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some
5 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7 不定代词 one/some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a little
other/another, all/both, neither/either
代词做同位语
如果代词和名词指代相同时，常用主格或宾格作同位语，不用物主代词。
表示单数的反身代词以self结尾；表示复数的反身代词以selves结尾
改错：Our Chinese people are friendly. 把our改为we, 因为我们本身就是中国人。
___ students are tired of doing so much homework.. We had better make it known to our teachers.
A. Our B. We C. Us D. Ours
【2007湖南】To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
【2006福建】.---Who called me this morning when I was not in
----A man calling ______ Robert.
A. his B. himself C .his D.不填
【2011安徽】Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.
A. them B. her C. itself D. herself
答案：BABC
指示代词
指示代词一般指：this, that, these和those
This, that
this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this, the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
【2007浙江】—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was _____
—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.
A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; It
【2008辽宁】—Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street
—Victoria Street __ is where the Grand Theatre is.
A. Such B. There C. That D. This
答案：DC　
that 指代前面提到的名词，后总是伴随着限制性的后置修饰语
that可以代指可数名词也可代指不可数名词。
it和that都替代"the+单数名词（可数或不可数）"，都是特指，但it指前面提到的"同一"事物，而that是指前面提到的"同类"事物。如：
①The Parkers bought a new house but _____will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
②Few pleasures can equal______ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
「分析」①选B, 因为指的同一事物。②选C 。that替代the pleasure，与前面提到的同属"快乐的事"，但却是不同的事。
如果前面名词是可数名词复数时，要用those而不用that。
1．【2005江苏】 I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
Our furniture is much cheaper than ______ you bought last year .
A. one B. ones C. that D. those
【2008全国I】 The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ___ spoken in England.　
A. which B. what C. that D. the one
【2009全国I】One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health. A. what B. this C. that D. which
【2009江苏】Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with __ of their parents.
A. those B. one C. both D. that
答案：都选that
不定代词
one不可指代不可数名词,只能指代可数名词单数。
【2011重庆】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
——What do you think of ______ over there
A. the one B. this C. it D. that
one作同位语
【2002全国】Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，______ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
------ Can I help you
------ I’d like to buy a gift for my mother, ____ at a proper price but of great use.
A. that B. one C. anyone D. everything
one, it, ( the one, the ones)的区别
在指代时，one可以替换为：a+名词, 而it指特定的某一个，相当于the+名词
【2007陕西】—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow
—No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A .it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
答案：1—4 DBBA
each, every表示“每一”时的区别
从数量上：each用于两个或两个以上的人或物， 而every用于三个或三个以上的人或物。也就是说，只有两个时，必须用each, 三个及三个以上时，用each和every都行。）
Each/Every student has a computer.
从意义上：each侧重于个体，强调“每一个”, 而every侧重于整体，强调 “全部”。
Each student has a computer. 每个学生都有台电脑。
Every student has a computer. 所有的学生都有台电脑
从词性上：every只能作形容词，而each可做代词，形容词和副词。
Each boy has eaten one apple. (each为形容词)
Each of them has eaten one apple. （each为代词）
They each have eaten one apple. （each为代词，作同位语）
They have eaten one apple each. （each为副词）
改错：
①There are many tall trees on every side of the road.
②Every of the students in our class has a dictionary.
③【2012上海】When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.
A. each B. every C. other D. another
答案：
①把every改为each, 因为路只有两条边，而every用于三者及三者以上。
②把Every 改为Each，或在Every后加one。
③A
any, either表示“任何一个”时的区别
any表示“任何”的意思, 用于三者及三者以上。
Any child can do that.
either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词。
如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.
有时，either可以与each相互换。
There are many trees on either/each side of the road.
【2008全国】 —Which of the two computer games did you prefer
—Actually I didn’t like _____.　　
A. both of them B. either of them C. none of them D. neither of them　　　
【2009陕西】Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer_____ of them.
A. other B．any C．none D．some
【2010重庆】He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again.
A. neither B. either C. each D. all
答案：BBB
neither, both与 all；none，(both与all表示部分否定)
both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：
Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。
all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：
Not all the ants go out for food.(or: All the ants don’t go out for food.)
并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。
None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。
另外，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以做形容词，修饰或代替单数可数名词，它所修饰的名词用单数形式，后面的谓语也用单数形式。如Neither boy knows French.
【2012全国新课标】Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but_ of them wants to, because they have work to do.
【2012重庆】—John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday
—___________.I’ll be off to London then.
答案：neither; Neither
none, no one, nobody的区别
no one，nobody只指人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。
none 往往暗示有一定的范围（这种范围通常就表现在其后的 of 短语上），着眼于数量概念，"特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有"。而 no one 或 nobody 则不暗示这种范围，即指“谁都没有。
体会下面的两组对话：
A：Did any of your friends come to see you 你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗
B：None. 一个也没来。
A：Did anyone come to see you 有人来看过你吗
B：No one （Nobody）. 谁也没来
在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提问时，通常用 no one 或 nobody。体会：
A：How many English books have you read 你读过多少本英文书
B：None. 一本也没读。
A：How much money did you give her 你给了她多少钱
B：None. 一分也没给。
A：Who went to see the film 谁去看电影了
B：No one 【Nobody】. 谁也没去。　
1.------ How many elephants did you see ------ _______________.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not many
2.–Who was in the building when the fire broke out
–______________.
3.【2012江西】My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.
A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither
答案：None; No one/ Nobody; none
another, other, others, the other, the others，the rest
“the other +名词复数” (或用the others) 表示“其余的全部……”；“other + 复数名词（或用others）泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”（并不有意强调全部）。 如：
Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow.
Some are singing, and others are dancing.（others泛指其余的，指其余的绝大部分。暗示可能有极少数既没唱歌也没跳舞。如果用the others则只剩余的全部，表示其余的无一例外都在跳舞。）
some…, some…, some…, others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。
the other 强调剩下的这一个，此时只有一个；常出现在one…the other中, 用于两者之间。如：He got two books; one is a textbook, the other is a novel.
也可用于其它表示“只剩下这一个”的情况。如：
There were three boys in the classroom. One is Tom, another is John, and the other is Ken.
another修饰或代替单数可数名词，用于“三个或三个以上”，指代剩下的两个或两个以上中的一个。
This coat is too dark. Please show me another.（宾语，外衣总数为为三件及三件以上。除去这个外衣之外，剩下的起码有两件；如果只剩一件的话，就要用the other。）
another还可表示“再，又”。
else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如：
Did you see anybody else 你还看见别的人吗？
Who else was at the party 聚会上还有谁
each other, one another(相互)如：
You should help each other [one another]. 你们应该互相帮助。
We know each other’s [one another’s] weak points. 我们都彼此了解对方的缺点。
“any other ＋单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
1.【2011陕西】-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear
- ____ one
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
2.【2010安徽】You are the team star! Working with ________is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
3.【2009重庆】Over the past 20 years, the Internet helped change our world in _____way or another for the better.
A. any B. one C. every D. either
【2010全国1】I'll spend half of my holiday practicing English and ________ half learning drawing.
A. another B. the other C. other’s D. other.
答案：CCBB
something, everything, nothing, anything
something意为“重要的人物”, 相当于 somebody。
She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest.
选美比赛得了奖，她就自以为了不起了。
She acts as if she were something since she won the prize.
自从获奖以来她就表现得自命不凡了。
联系：He thinks he is somebody but he is nobody.
他自以为了不起，实际他一文不名。
something还可表示“重要的事物”。
These paintings were really something. 这些画确实出色。
注：something还表示“某事物”，没有复数形式。
【2007 重庆】Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly _______ left in the house.
【2011四川】There is _____ in his words. We should have a try.
答案：anything; something
anyone , someone，和everyone
1【2005全国1】We haven’t enough books for _______; some of you will have to share .
2.【2007上海】The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to ___ who can capture the tiger alive or dead.
答案：everyone; anyone
everyone 与every one
everyone是一个词，只用来指人，等于 everybody，在它后面不能跟介词of； every one是两个词，既可用来指人，也可用来指物，等于each one，后面可跟介词of。请看以下例句：
Everyone of the children likes this game.（误）
每个孩子都喜欢这个游戏。
Every one of the children likes this game.（正）
Everyone/Everybody in our class is interested in learning English.
我们班上每个人都爱学英语。（Everyone用作主语）
Not everyone(everybody) in the USA is rich.在美国并不是人人都富裕。(everyone用作主语)
【链接】everyday日常的，every day每天
He recites everyday English every day.他每天背日常英语。
it的其它用法
it做形式主语或宾语, 代指后面的不定式或动名词或句子
Why don’t you bring ____ to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy learning load
A. it B. this C. that D. what
You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time.
A. it B. me 　　C. which D. them
— I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. that B. it　　C. this D. what
【2007全国II】___ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One B. This C. It D. That
Will you see to ____ that the luggage is brought back
A. me B. yourself C. it D. them
用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等
① It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school．(指距离)
② It‘s nice and warm here．（指天气、气候）
③ But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school．（指时间）
They live on a busy main road. ____ must be very noisy.
A. There B. It C. That D. They
不知性别是婴儿常用it
Mary is expecting another baby and hopes ____ will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
it 用以指身份不明的人
it用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。试比较：
① Mr. Smith is at the door. ___ wants to see you.
② Someone is at the door. ___ must be Mr. Smith.
A. He B. It　　C. This D. That
答案：①He ②B
强调句型
------ Who is making so much noise in the garden
------ ____ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
I like it when…
I don’t like it when （if） …是一个固定句型。
能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。
She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
A. that B. those　　C. it D. them
【2006山东】I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【2004全国I】I like_____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
-Do you like ____ here
-- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
A. this B. these C. that D. it
答案：都选it。
巩固练习（高考链接）
1. (2013全国大纲卷) It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ____________.
2. (2013福建) A society cannot be successful if it throws tradition away, but it cannot be successful ______________if we do something to stop progress.
3. (2013安徽) This project requires close teamwork . ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
4. (2013江西) ___________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.
5.(2013辽宁) To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ___________ of her colleagues.
6.(2013山东) I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like any of them very much. (改错)
7. (2013陕西) Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost__________ of her enthusiasm for life.
8.(2013四川) The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ___________ on the small ones.
9. (2013天津) At our factory there are a few machines similar to _______ described in this magazine.
10.(2013重庆) Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________
A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
11. (2013浙江) Half of _______________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
12. (2012全国卷I) Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ________________ of them wants to, because they have work to do.
13. (2012全国卷II) Sarah made _________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
14. (2012北京卷) Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs much.(改错)
15. (2012江苏卷) Sophia waited for a reply, but neither came. (改错)
16. (2012福建卷)— Have you figured out how much the trip will cost —$4,000, or ______________ like that.
17. (2012重庆卷) — John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday
— _____________. I’ll be off to London then.
18. (2012浙江卷) Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to_______________ of McDonald's.
19. (2012辽宁卷) If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get
_________ for me
20. [14江苏] Good families are much to all their members, but something to none. (改错)
21. [14大纲] --- Who’s that at the door
--- _____ is the milkman.
22. [14福建] In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______ , knives and forks.
23. [14四川] She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked___________ and moved to Cambridge.
24. [14重庆] A smile costs ____________ but gives much.
25. [浙江卷] An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
26. [14江西卷] ---When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon
----_____________. I’ll be in all day .
答案：
both 2.either 3.nothing 4.nobody 5.that
6. any改为either 7.none 8.that 9.those
10.another 11.those 12. neither 13.it
14.much改为more 15.neither 改为 none 16. something
17.Neither 18.those 19.one 20. something改为everything
21.It 22.others 23.neither 24.nothing 25.it 26. Either
2高三英语语法专项复习 专题06 句子结构及成分
实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：
He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词)
I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词）
助动词
助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句和倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。
⑴帮助构成时态的：
The boy is crying.(is 用来构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词)
I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting一起作谓语，是助动词。）
⑵帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：
Does he like English (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
He doesn’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
⑶帮助构成被动语态的
Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词)
The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词)
⑷帮助构成虚拟语气
If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。)
⑸帮助构成倒装句的
So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.
(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。did只是帮助构成倒装句，没有具体意义，是助动词)
⑹帮助构成强调意义的
He did come yesterday. (did起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词)
因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
He can swim across the river.(can的词义为“能够”)
You must stay at home. (must词义为“必须”)
I might leave tomorrow. （might的词义为“或许”）
谓语和非谓语
在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式，非谓语是指：动词不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。
改正下列句中的错误
1.Get up early is good for our health.
2.My favorite sport is play football.
3.There is a bird sings in the tree.
4.The house was built last year has been sold out.
5.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
6.I remember saw him that day.
复合结构
1.He invited us to come to the party. (us是宾语，to come to the party是宾语补足语；宾语和宾语补足语合一起称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系。)
2.It’s important for us to learn English well. (it是形式主语，真正的主语是for us to learn English well。“us”是“to learn English well”的逻辑主语，二者构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。for somebody to do something是动词不定式的复合结构。)
3.It’s very kind of you to help me.（of you to help me也是动词不定式的复合结构）
4.Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom迟到使我们老师生气。coming是动名词，Tom’s coming late是动名词的复合结构。Tom是coming late的逻辑主语，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。)
句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）,除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。
主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。
改正下列句中的错误
1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.
2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.
3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.
4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.
5.Play basketball is my favorite sport.
谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：
He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. / He has caught a bad cold.
My sister is crying over there./ I would stay at home all day.
（2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：
We are students./ Your idea sounds great.
表语
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语
1.His father named him Dongming.
2.They painted their boat white.
3.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
4.We saw her entering the room.
5.We found everything in the lab in good order.
6.We will soon make our city what your city is now.
主语补足语
对主语的补充。（含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。）
He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“…的”表示。
状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分。如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
It’s good to us students. (students是us的同位语）
简单句的五种基本结构
基本句型 一：（主＋谓）
这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:
It is raining now. / We've worked for 5 hours.
The meeting lasted half an hour. / Time flies.
基本句型 二：（主＋系＋表）
常见的系动词
⑴状态系动词: 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
⑵持续系动词:用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
The food stays fresh in the fridge.食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。
The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。
He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上，醒着。
⑶表“像”系动词: 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
Something seems wrong. 好像出差了。/ He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。
⑷感官系动词：感官系动词主要有look看起来，feel摸起来;感觉, smell闻起来, sound听起来, taste尝起来：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. / This flower smells very sweet.
⑸变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。
Eggs go bad easily in spring.鸡蛋夏天容易变坏。
What he had dreamt of came true.他的梦想实现了。
Still waters run deep.静水流深。
⑹终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong.他预言的结果是错的。
基本句型 三：（主＋谓＋宾）
此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如，
She likes English.
We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.
基本句型 四：（主＋谓＋双宾语）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。
如：He gave me a cup of tea. / Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。
如：Bring it to me, please. (不能说 Bring me it, please。)
常跟双宾语的及物动词有：
（需借助to的）allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell，wish, write等
（需借助for 的） buy, get, make, order, save, sing,等
He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.
= He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.
She bought John a book．= She bought a book for John.
基本句型 五：（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
The war made him a soldier./ New methods make the job easy.
I often find him at work. / The teacher asked the students to close the windows.
I saw a cat running across the road.
there be 句型
此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。
1.be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和数的变化。
现在时 there is / are …
过去时 there was / were…
将来时 there will be…/ there is / are going to be...
完成时 there has / have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be …
似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be …
碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be …
2.可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等词代替be动词。
此时还表示存在有，但表意要更具体一些。
Eg. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There came a shout for "help".
There exists no air on the moon.
There lies a book on the desk.
There stands a tree on the hill
简单句、并列句和复合句
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。前面六种基本句型都是简单句。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
（划线部分为并列谓语 ，只有一个主语，仍为简单句。）
并列句
由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意,逗号是不可以连接句子的，这一点和汉语不同。
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
⑴表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…等连接。
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
He not only stole my money, but he also took my watch away.
⑵表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。
Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
⑶表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。
He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
⑷表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。
August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
考点3复合句
复合句是有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子，其中主句是句子的主体，从句不能独立存在，只能作为句子的一个成分。其中从句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
1.It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
What he said is wrong.（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。What he said是名词性从句作主语）。
2.The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat也是一个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句是复合句。）
3.I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there
4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it
9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题：
1.Five people won the "China's green figure” award, a title __ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. is given B. was given C. being given D. given
2.All the preparations for the task_____, and we're ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____Chinese in the school, most_____ were from Germany.
A. study; of whom B. study; of them
C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom
4.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, ____ with smiles.
A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining C. their faces shining
5.Many students _____ around, I explained the story into details.
A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing
6.I have five friends, some of ____ are businessmen.
A. that B. whom C. they D. them
7.I have five friends, but none of___ are businessmen.
A. that B. whom C. they D. them
专题过关测试
I.改正下列句子的错误。
1.Do exercise everyday is good for your health.
2.That what he said isn’t true.
3.He came late made his teacher angry.
4.On the desk is two books.
5.Go to a key college is my dream.
II．连词成句
1.在我看来，早睡早起对我们的健康有好处。（in my opinion, get up early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our health.）
2.被一所重点大学录取是我的梦想。（be admitted by a key college, my dream）
3.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（fail the exam, make, upset）
4.在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（between the two tall buildings, stand, teaching building）
5.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。（what we are learning now, be of great help to, our life and work, in the future）
6.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。（send…to, nearest to, as soon as possible）
7.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall, large enough, hold）
8.就我而言，我赞成这个主意。（as far as I’m concerned, in favor of）
9.在我生日那天，母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。（buy, a special gift）
答案
改正下列句中的错误
1.That he failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.
2.Why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.
3.Beyond the mountains lies a small village.
4.Gone are the days when I had to go to school on foot.
5.Playing basketball is my favorite sport.
用线划出下列句中的宾语补足语
1.His father named him Dongming.
2.They painted their boat white.
3.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
4.We saw her entering the room.
5.We found everything in the lab in good order.
6.We will soon make our city what your city is now.
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 简单句
2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 复合句
3.There is a chair in this room, isn’t there 简单句
4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 简单句
5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 并列句
6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 复合句
7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 并列句
8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it 复合句
9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 简单句
10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 简单句
利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题：
DDDCBBD
专题过关测试
I.改正下列句子的错误。
1.Doing exercise everyday is good for your health.
2.What he said isn’t true.
3.That he came late made his teacher angry.
4.On the desk are two books.
5.Going to a key college is my dream.
II．连词成句
1. In my opinion, to get up early and to go to bed early does a lot of good to our health.
2. Being admitted by a key college is my dream.
3. Failing the exam made him upset.
4. Between the two tall buildings stands our teaching building.
5.What we are learning now is of great help to our life and work in the future.
6.Send him to the hospital nearest to your home as soon as possible.
7.We have a dining hall large enough to hold 3000 students.
8. As far as I’m concerned, I am in favor of the idea.
9.On my birthday, my mother bought me a special gift.
9动词的时态
在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.
英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write为例)
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 write writes amis writingare has writtenhave has been writinghave
过去 wrote was writtingwere had written had been writing
将来 shall writewill shall be writingwill shall have writtenwill shall have been writingwill
过去将来 should writewould should be writingwould should have writtenwould should have been writingwould
被动语态的构成
一般 进行 完成
现在 amis taughtare amis being taughtare has been taughthave
过去 was taughtwere was being taughtwere had been taught
将来 shall be taughtwill
过去将来 should be taughtwould
被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach为例)
英语被动语态讲解
语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They built the bridge.
The bridge was built by them.
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
(三)被动语态的用法
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：
the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：
Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：
I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’ office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。
(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
　After the fire, very little remained of my house.
　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
　(错) The price has been risen.
　(对) The price has risen.
　(错) The accident was happened last week.　　　
　(对) The accident happened last week.
　(错) The price has raised.　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) The price has been raised.
　(错) Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
　This key just fits the lock.
　Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
　 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .
　　 It sounds good.
　 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life .
　　She dreamed a bad dream last night.
　 　 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
　　 (对) She likes to swim.
　　 (错) To swim is liked by her.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。
各种时态的被动语态举例
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)
The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了
第三节 巩固练习
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.
2． They will show a new film next week.
3． When did they build the house
4． I saw the boy enter the room.
5． Will they show a new film next week
6． Have they posted the letter yet
7． We often see him help his classmate.
8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9． Who is repairing the bike
10． The student should learn all the texts by heart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned
2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept
4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
5. The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. has taken place D. has been taken place
7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending
9. ________ his work ________ yet
A. have…been finished B. has …been finished
C. has …finished D. have…finished
10. The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can he ________ (speak) English
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country
3.The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8.Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10.I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.


答案I、
1. A recorder is often used in our English class.
2. A new film will be shown by then next week.
3. When was the house built by them
4. The boy was seen to enter the room.
5. Will a new film be shown by them next week
7. He is often seen to help his classmate.
8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9. Who is the bike being repaired by
(By whom is the bike being repaired )
10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
III、
1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown
4. are made 5. turn 6. is being built
7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasn’t broken
10. was told didn’t come
被动语态练习题
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom —Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning
( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next week.
A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give
( )3.His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing
C. is being published D. has been published
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party —No,I____.
A.am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite
( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack —When your homework___,you can.
A. is done B.was done C.does D.did
( )6.Twenty—year—olds should not____to drive in China.
A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.
( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what___.
A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.
( )8.The book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.
( )9.Trees and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful.
A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.
( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.
A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.
( )11.The earth is our home.It ___well.
A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.
( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___.
A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested.
( )13.___a new library____in your school last year
A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built.
( )14.An accident___on this road last week.
A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.
( )15.Cotten ____in the southeast of China.
A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow.
( )16.So far, the moon___by man already.
A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited.
( )17.How many trees ___this year
A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.
( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.
A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done.
( )19.Neither of them ___ in China
A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.
( )20.Look! A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.
( )21.Your shoes___.You need a new pair.
A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.
( )22.The doctor___for yet.
A.isn’t sent B.hasn’t been sent C.won’t be sent D.wasn’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___ —Last year.
A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used
( )24.The Great Wall__about all over the world.
A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known.
( )25.I___in summer.
A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.
( )26.He says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week.
A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.
( )27.Who ___this book__
A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written
( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us
( )30.The monkey was seen____out of the tree.
A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump
参考答案 1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB
26~30DBBBD
单项选择 1
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang
C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2
( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold
( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
3
( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
4
( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- ___.
A. Can't they be mended B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost D. Can't they mended
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed
A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
5
( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
( ) 2 Who was the book___
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made
A. was B. were C. is D. am
6
( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
7
( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown
( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8
( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
9
( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with B. filled of
C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after
C. looked well after D. be looked after well
10
( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of D. take good care
( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 3 These walls___stones.
A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into
11
( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
A.made to B.were made for C.was made for D.was made to
12
( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
( ) 2 Good care____such things.
A. should take of B. should be taken
C. should be taking D. should be taken of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
A.take;of B.be taken;of C. take;for you D. be taken;of you
13
( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean
C. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14
( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
15
( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A.was broken down B.is wrong C.is bad D.has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written
C. are writing D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
17
( ) 1 Can he___ himself
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__.
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burnt
18
( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. Seen D. read
参考答案： 1. 1-5 B D D D C 　　　　　　
2. 1-5 B C B B C　　　　　　3. 1-3 A B B 　　　　　　　
4. 1-3 A B A 　　　　　　　　5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C
12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C
16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D
19. 1-3 A C B高三英语 代词巩固练习
1.---Who called me this morning when I was not in
---A man calling _____ Robert.
A. his B. himself C .his D.不填
2. The Parkers bought a new house but _____will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
3. Few pleasures can equal_____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A. some B. any C. that D. those
4. ---Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
---What do you think of _____ over there
A. the one B. this C. it D. that
Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what
6.---There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow
---No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A .it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it
7. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _______ of them again.
A. neither B. either C. each D. all
8. ---How many elephants did you see
--- ___________.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. Not many
9. ---Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear
----____ one
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
10. Why don’t you bring ____ to his attention that now students are bearing too heavy learning load
A. it B. this C. that D. what
10.---I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.
---I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.
A. that B. it　　C. this D. what
11. Mary is expecting another baby and hopes ____ will be a boy.
A. he B. that C. it D. there
12.---Who is making so much noise in the garden
--- ____ the children.
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are
13. Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________
A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
14. I dislike _____when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.
A. that B. those　　C. it D. them
15 This project requires close teamwork . ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
16.To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
17. At our factory there are a few machines similar to_______described in this magazine.
18. ---Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
---$4,000, or ______________ like that.
19. If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get_________ for me
20. In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in _______, knives and forks.（14福建）
21. Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
22. Susan made _______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. （14山东）
23. You can ask anyone for help. __________ here is willing to lend you a hand. （14安徽）
24. Good families are much to all their members, but something to none. (改错)（14江苏）
25. An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making _______ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. (14浙江)
26. I’d appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will not.（14陕西）
27. [14四川] She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked___________ and moved to Cambridge.
28. ---Who’s that at the door
---_______ is the milkman. (14全国)
PAGE
1高三英语定语从句复习 编号:007
面批：___________ 2015, 9, 30
班级：___________ 姓名：__________________ 学号:_______________
1. 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2. 引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose和as。
其作用是：①引导定语从句②代替先行词③在定语从句中充当一定成分。
3. 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why。可替换成：介词+关系代词。
一、只用that不用which的情况
1，当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。如：
Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
2，当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very（恰好的,表示强调）等词修饰时。
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
That’s the very thing that we can do.
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
4、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如：
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
二，修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.
2，当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.
【学以致用】
1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____ of course, made all the others upset. (11, 北京)
A. who B. which C. what D. that
2. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of __ she spoke fluently. (11, 湖南)
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
三、关系副词的用法：
1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying.
3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
几种易混的情况：
1. I’ll never forget the days____________________ we worked together.
2.I’ll never forget the days ____________________ we spent together.
3.I went to the place _______________________I worked ten years ago.
4.I went to the place ________________________ I visited ten years ago.
5.This is the reason ____________________________ he was late.
6.This is the reason __________________________ he gave.
※如果定语从句分别修饰stage, point, situation, position, condition，race, job, atmosphere和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”（前提是从句中缺少状语）。
---What do you think of teaching
---I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ____you are doing something serious but interesting. (09北京卷)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
四、whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以指人，也可以指物，可以用“the+名词+of which/ whom”或者“of which/ whom + the +名词”代替“whose+名词”结构。例如：
He studies in a school whose buildings (=______________________________/ __________________________) are built on top of a hill.
五、as作关系代词引导的定语从句
1、They stayed for the night in the same room ________ they had once rented.
We will only discuss such problems ______ have something to do with our own interests.
比较：(1)Here is so big a stone ________ no one can lift. （定语从句）
It is so big a stone____________ no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）
2、引导非限制性定语从句。指主句的全部或部分内容。常译为“正如……”“就像……”等，定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后。as后常接expect, know, report, point out，say, see等动词的主、被动语态。
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as作宾语)
=______________________________, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语）
或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）
或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .（主语从句）
六、定语从句中介词的正确使用：
1. 根据先行词来确定
This is the pot ____________ which I boiled the milk.
I’ll never forget the day _____________ which she said goodbye to me.
2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定
The documents ___________ which they were searching have been recovered.
He referred me to some reference books _____________ which I am not very familiar.
I wanted to find someone _______________ whom I could discuss books and music.
3. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定
Water, _____________ which man can’t live, is really important.
4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
七、定语从句与其他结构的比较
与强调句型的区别。判断强调句型的关键在于把强调结构“It is/was ……that……”去掉后，主句的意思和结构是完整的。
1．It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
2．This is the library _______________I borrowed the book.
3．It is from this library _______________I borrowed the book.
4．---Where did you last see Mr. Smith
---It was in the hotel_____________ I lived.
2012高考英语单项填空题 定语从句
1【2012全国卷II】That evening, ___ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
2【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
3【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
4【2012福建】The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it C. as D. what
5【2012陕西】It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
6【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
7【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
8【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
9【2012江西】By 16:30, __ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A. which B. when C. what D. that
10【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them
11【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which
12【2012浙江】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
13【2012江苏】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
把两个简单句变为一个含有定语从句的复合句。
1. After years of aboard, he returned to his hometown. He spent his childhood there.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Her books were all over the dining table. It meant we had to eat in the kitchen.
________________________________________________________________________
3. We went through a period. During that time communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
________________________________________________________________________
4. The reason is not very convincing. He avoided being punished for the reason.
________________________________________________________________________
5. Qingdao is a nice city. I visited it last month.
________________________________________________________________________
单句改错
1. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
________________________________________________________________________
2. Which we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
________________________________________________________________________
3. I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
____________________________________________________________________
5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
____________________________________________________________________
6. I have bought the same dress which she is wearing.
____________________________________________________________________
7. It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.
____________________________________________________________________
8. Did you see the man whom I nodded just now
____________________________________________________________________
PAGE
1高三英语语法专项复习 专题03 形容词副词
形容词
形容词是描述人或物的性质、状态或特征的词。主要用作定语,表语和补足语等。
Ⅰ. 形容词的分类：
简单形容词：
kind 善良的 green 绿色的 bright 聪明的
broad 宽广的 interesting 有趣的
注意：1）形容词具有独特的后缀形式
名词/动词 ＋ ful： careful 细心的 thankful 感激的
名词/动词 ＋ less：homeless 无家可归的 careless 粗心的
名词 ＋ ly： friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的
名词 ＋ ous： dangerous 危险的 poisonous 有毒的
2）以-ly 结尾的貌似副词的形容词
friendly 友好的 silly 愚蠢的，糊涂的 lovely 可爱的
lively 精力充沛的 elderly 年长的，过时的 deadly 致命的，死一般的 brotherly 兄弟般的 manly 有男子气概的 motherly 慈母般的
2. 复合形容词： 复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的单词通过连字符的连接而合成的起到形容词作用的词。
1) 数词 ＋ 名词 a ten-speed bicycle 十速自行车 1,000-metre race 1,000 米赛跑
2）数词 ＋ 名词ed a three-footed table= a three-legged table 三条腿的桌子 four-eyed fish 四眼鱼
3）数词 ＋ 名词 ＋ 形容词 a five-year-old boy 五岁的男孩
an 800-metre-long bridge 一座八百米长的桥
4）名词 ＋ 形容词 a world-famous expert 世界著名的专家
duty-free product 免税产品
5）名词 ＋ 现在分词 peace-loving people 热爱和平的人们
an English-speaking country 说英语的国家
6）名词 ＋ 过去分词 a man-made lake 一个人工湖
a snow-covered mountain 一座被雪覆盖的山
7）形容词 ＋ 名词 new-world 新大陆的 the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
8）形容词 ＋ 现在分词 an easy-going classmate 易相处的同学
a long-standing friendship 长久的友谊
9）形容词 ＋ 过去分词 a new-found house 新近找到的房子
ready-made clothes 现成的衣服
10）形容词 ＋ 名词ed an absent-minded child 一个心不在焉的孩子
a warm-hearted girl 一个热心肠的女孩
11）副词 ＋ 现在分词 far-reaching significance 深远的意义
a hard-working mother 勤劳的母亲
12）副词 ＋ 过去分词 a well-educated gentleman 受过良好教育的绅士
a newly-built library 一个刚建的图书馆
注意：当复合形容词中含有可数名词时，这个名词只能用单数。 100-metre; thirty-year-old
Ⅱ. 形容词的基本功能
1. 作主语：The poor stand up now. 穷人们站起来了。
2. 作宾语：Tom admired the rich. 汤姆羡慕有钱人。
3. 作定语：修饰名词，说明其性质、特征等。
This is an ugly painting. 这是一幅难看的画。
4. 作表语：与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征。
The acting was marvelous. 演出精彩极了。
You don’t look very well. 你看上去不是很好。
5. 补足语：1）宾语补足语：在复合宾语结构中，形容词作宾补说明宾语的性质、状态或 特征。 The teacher kept us busy preparing our lessons. 老师让我们忙于准备功课。 2）主语补足语：在被动语态中，说明主语的性质、状态或特征。
The artist was born poor. 这位艺术家出身贫寒。
6. 作状语：形容词作状语表示主语的状态或情况，一般不表示动作的方式。
They got home, cold and hungry. 他们回到家，饥寒交迫。
Unable to answer the question, he said nothing. 由于无法回答这个问题，他一言不发。
Ⅲ.形容词的位置
形容词作定语时一般位于被修饰的名词之前。
My father is a kind person. 我父亲是一个善良的人。
Nice and warm days are coming. 晴朗而温暖的日子就要来了。
2. 形容词后置的情况
1） 一些表语形容词作定语时必须置于名词后。 alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep, worth, aware, ashamed, alike…
He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today.
他是当今世界上活着的最著名的科学家。
Money alone cannot create fortune. 钱本身不能创造财富。
2） 当复合不定代词 someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing, everyone, everybody, everything 被形容词修饰时，形容词通常后置。 There is something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。
Attention, please! I’ve got something important to tell you all.
大家请注意！我有重要的事情要告诉你们大家。
3） 形容词短语作定语时要后置。
a bag full of rice 装满大米的袋子
a country famous for its scenery 一个以风景秀丽著称的国家
a job suitable for me 一项适合我的工作
4）形容词 else 常置于不定代词或疑问代词之后作定语。
Does anyone else know about it 还有别的什么人知道这件事吗？
Who else wants to go with me 还有谁想和我一起去？
注意：有些形容词既可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同，常见的有：present （现在的/在场的）absent（心不在焉的/缺席的） the present members 现在的成员 the members present 在场的成员 the absent students 心不在焉的学生 the students absent 缺席的学生
副词
　 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词，句子或其他结构，用在句中作状语。
I．副词的分类：
时间副词 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 频度副词 always, often, frequently, seldom, never
地点副词 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 疑问副词 how, where, when, why
方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 连接副词 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
程度副词 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 关系副词 when, where, why
II．副词的构成
从形态上看，大多数副词都是由"形容词＋后缀-ly"构成的，例如：slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。
形容词变副词：
①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly
②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i, 然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily
③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently
注意: friendly; motherly; lovely，lively，lonely, ugly等词是形容词而非副词。
④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词，例如：daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法：
the high jump 跳高项目（形容词） to jump high 跳得高（副词）
a fast car 行得快的汽车（形容词） to drive fast 开快车（副词）
an early riser 早起的人（形容词） to get up early 起得早（副词）
a straight line直线（形容词） Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。（副词）
注意：兼有两种形式的副词
late 与lately
late意思是"晚; 迟到"； lately 意思是"最近"。例如：
You have come too late. What have you been doing lately
deep与deeply
deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film.
high与highly
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much 。例如：
The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.
wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方" 。例如：
He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.
III．副词的位置
1） 在动词之前。
2） 在be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。　
3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。
IV．副词的排列顺序：
时间，地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后。
注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。
　 改错：（错）　I very like English. （对）　I like English very much.
注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如：
　　I don\'t know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。
　　There is enough food/ food enough for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。
形容词与副词的比较级
　大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较
级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有
规则变化和不规则变化两种。
　 1)单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall taller tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice nicer nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-est big bigger biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est　　　 busy busier busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est clever/narrow cleverer/ narrower cleverest/ narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级 important/ easily more important/ more easily most important/ most easily
2） 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
well（健康的） worse worst
bad
ill（有病的）
old older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
表示比较的几个结构
项 目 例 句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).
表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 The harder you work, the more progress you will make
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）
倍数的表达 表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
“比较级 ＋ and ＋ 比较级”表示事物本身的程度逐渐增加，意为“越来越……” My son is growing taller and taller. 我儿子长得越来越高了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美了。
注意：1.可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal
---- Are you feeling ____ 　 ---- Yes，I\'m fine now.
　 A. any well　B. any better　C. quite good　D. quite better　　
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　
　 A.　more　 B.　much more　　 C.　much　　　 D.　more much
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
A. the happiest time　　B. a more happier time　C. much happiest time　 D.　a much happier time
答案：1）B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.
2）C.　much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。 3）D。
表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior, junior等。
1）要避免重复使用比较级。
　　 （改错） He is more cleverer than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
　　（改错） China is larger than any country in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
　　　（改错） The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
　　　 It is easier to make a plan than carry it out.
4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。
　（改错） She is taller of the two sisters.
答案：1）He is more clever than his brother. / He is clever than his brother.
2）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）She is the taller of the two sisters.
4．形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。例如：
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。例如：
It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。
注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
　　　 （错）　Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
　　　 （对）　Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
巩固练习：
1．My good performance in the job interview left me (optimism)about
my future and about what I can do here.
2．It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ,supply
more jobs.
A. however B. anywhere C. therefore D. otherwise
3. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have the ______________(good) possible education.
4. Henry was away from home for quiet a bit and ____________(很少) saw his family.
5. --- What did you do last weekend --- Nothing ___________(much/ else).
6. With online shopping increasingly popular, the Internet is seen as a(n)
(efficiency) way of reaching target customers.
7.He has decided to settle _________________(permanent) in France because he is fond of the romantic country.
8. What was so ________________(impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that
she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
9. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a _______________
(tolerance) smile and let him go.
10. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words _________ Albert said ___________(sharp),
“Don’t be so mean,” ____________(point) a finger of warning at her.
11.People say that young Chinese students’ eyesight keeps dropping _____________ (sharp) because of both too much homework and poor learning conditions.
12. I can't meet you on Sunday. I'll be otherwise ________________(occupy).
A. also B. just C. nevertheless D. otherwise
13. Joe is _____________(pride) and stubborn, never _____________(admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
14. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______________(blind) .
15.It was raining heavy. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood closely to her mother.
(改错两处)
16. It may not be a good suggestion. But before a (good) one is put forward , we’ll make do with it.
17.Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner _________ they could buy affordably priced bikes.
18. It’s said that the power plant is now twice as (large) as what it was.
19. People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary rather
than based on__________( fix) criteria.
20. Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he deliberate destroyed the fence of the
garden even without apologize. (改错两处)
21.There are a small number of people _____________(involve), ____________(possible) as few as twenty.
22. This is by far___________________________(inspire)_movie that I have ever seen.
23. Tony can hardly boil an egg，still little cook dinner. (改错)
24.If we leave right away, _______________(hope), we’ll arrive on time.
25. Next to biology, I like physics _______________(well) .
26. The secretary arranged a ___________________(convenience) time and space for the _________________(apply) to have an interview.
27.Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _______________ (equal)respected.
28. Be _______________(reason) — you can’t expect me to finish all this work in so little
time.
29.The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are ______________ (doubt).
30. We used to see each other regular, but I haven’t heard from him since last year. (改错)
1. optimistic 2.C 3.best 4. seldom 5. much
6. efficient 7. permanently 8. impressive 9. tolerant
10.when; sharply; pointing 11.sharply 12. occupied
13.proud; admitting 14.blindly 15.heavey改为 heavily;
closely改为 close 16.better 17.where 18.large
19.fixed 20. deliberate改为deliberately; apologize 改为apology
21. involved; possibly 22. the most inspiring
23.little改为 less 24.hopefully 25.best 26.convenient; applicants
27.equally 28.reasonable 29.doubtful 30.regular 改为regularly
9高三英语语法专项复习 专题01 冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.
4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.
5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't____ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）
6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化)成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面知识
II. 定冠词的用法
1 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door
4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar
5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded
6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5） —Could you tell me the way to __ Johnsons, please
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.
10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.
12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder.
III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法
1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this
3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.
5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.
6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填D. 不填;不填
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.
用合适的冠词填空：
1. The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development.
2. Animals are obviously _________ lower form of life than _________ man.
3. It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ______ night sky.
4. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
5. People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at _________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
6. The parents were shocked by_________ news that their son needed _________ operation on his knee.
7. He missed _______ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump.
8. we are said to be living in ___________Informaiton Age, __________ time of new discoveries and great changes.
9. The Smiths don’t usually stay at __________ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by __________ sea.
10. The development of industry has been___________ gradual process throughout ___________ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.
11. Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up _________ meat processing factory of his own one day.
12.. Sam has been appointed __________ manager of the engineering department to take _________ place of George.
13. I woke up with________ bad headache, yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.
14. Sarah looked at__________finished painting with____________satisfaction.
15. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
单句改错
1. It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like the man.
2. As he reached front door, Jack saw the strange sight.
3. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be the Picasso.
4. Dr.Peter Spence, the headmaster of the school, told us, “ the fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
5. As is known to all, People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
6. ——It’s said John will be in a job paying over ＄60,000 a year.
—— Right, he will also get paid by week.
7. Life is like ocean; Only a strong-willed can reach the other shore.
8. I can't tell you the way to Wilson's because we don't have Wilson here in the village.
9. The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into night.
10. The village where I was born has grown into town.
用合适的冠词填空：
1． a; a 2.a; / 3.a; the 4.the; the 5.a; an
6. The; an 7.the; a 8.the; a 9./; the 10.a; /
11. /; a 12. /; the 13. A; the 14. the; / 15.a; a
单句改错
1. the改为a 2.front前加the; the改为a
3.第二个the改为a 4.去掉第一个the; 第二个the改为a
5.People’s 前加the 6.week前加the 7. Ocean前加an; a改为the
8. Wilson's前加the; Wilson前加a 9.night前加the 10.town前加a
1