译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册Unit 2 The universal language Grammar and usage（课件）（30张）

(共30张PPT)
Unit 2
The universal language
Grammar and usage
Look at the following sentences:
Seeing is believing.
Reading is important in learning English.
Do you try to avoid making her annoyed
What is the function of the -ing in the above sentence
-ing as subject
动名词作主语
动名词的语法作用相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。单个的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动用单数。由 and 连接两个动名词(短语)时，谓语动词用复数；若主语指向同一个内容，则谓语动词仍然用单数。
Finding a job is difficult these days.
现在找工作不容易
Smoking may cause cancer.
吸烟可能致癌。
1. 动词-ing形式作主语，动词-ing 形式有名词的特征。
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
在夏天，游泳是一项很好的运动。
Teaching English in a middle school is my full-time job.
在中学教英语是我的专职工作。
In some Arabian countries, shaking one's head from side to side means agreement.
在一些阿拉伯国家,摇头表示同意。
动名词作主语
2. 动词-ing 形式作主语,有时也可用“It is...+动词-ing 形式”结构。it作形式主语时把动词-ing 形式（真实主语）置于句子后部作后置主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。
It is no use telling him not to worry.
告诉他别担心是没有用的。
It's no good sitting here without doing anything.
在这儿干坐着是没有用的。
动名词作主语
3. 当句型 There is no...表示“不允许、禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时，需用动词-ing形式作主语。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking = No smoking is allowed (here).
禁止吸烟。
动名词作主语
①单个动词-ing 形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Being honest is the first thing people should learn.
诚实是人们应该学习的第一件事。
Solving these problems needs more efforts than we expected
解决这些问题比我们预期的要付出更多的努力。
Learning new words is very important.
学习新单词是非常重要的。
②两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动词-ing 形式主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Collecting stamps and running are his hobbies.
集邮和跑步是他的业余爱好。
-ing as object——动名词作宾语
只可使用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：
suggest、finish、practise、avoid、miss、delay、like、 enjoy、imagine、deny、admit、consider、escape、risk、mind 等。
只接-ing形式的短语有：
be used to、can't stand、give up、feel like、keep、on、insist on、look forward to、put off、devote to、stick to、object to、be busy、get down to等。
Do you try to avoid making her annoyed
你是尽力避免惹她生气吗
He admitted taking my money.
他承认拿走了我的钱。
口诀助记
后接-ing形式的动词和动词短语
喜欢考虑逃避免 (enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
停止放弃太冒险 (stop, give up, risk)
介意想象莫推延 (mind, imagine, put off, delay)
要求完成是期盼 (require, finish, look forward to)
建议继续勤练习 (suggest, go on, practise)
不禁原谅要坚持 (can't help, excuse, insist on)
继续介意成功来 (keep on, mind, succeed in)
1. Young people may risk _________ (go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
2. Wild camping is illegal in England. To avoid _____________ (catch), the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.
3. I didn't mean _________ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying it.
going
being caught
to eat
Exercise
4. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
5. I really enjoy __________ (listen) to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
to thank
listening
Exercise
Vocabulary
1. distant
be distant from... 离……远
distance n.距离；远处；遥远；疏远
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 离一段距离，从远处
at/from a distance of 从……远的地方（of后跟具体的距离）
distantly adv.遥远地；冷淡地
练习：The first ________ crash of thunder shook the air.
distant
Vocabulary
2. expectation
expect vt. 期待，预料
expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待/预计某人做某事
expected adj. 预料的，预期的
unexpected adj. 出乎意料的，始料不及的
contrary to/against/beyond expectations 出乎意料/超出预期
in (the) expectation of. . . 预计会有……，预料……
with expectations 怀着希望
live up to/come up to/meet one's expectations 达到某人的期望，如某人所愿
练习：We are confident in our _____________ of a full recovery.
expectation
Vocabulary
3. accompany
accompany sb.to. . . 陪某人去……
be accompanied by. . . 在……的陪同下；由……伴随
accompany sb.at/on sth. 用某物为某人伴奏
练习：The member that__________ a person should have led effect well.
accompanied
Vocabulary
4. reputation
have a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声
have a reputation for. . . 以……著称
acquire/earn/build/enjoy a reputation 获得/赢得/树立/享有声誉
ruin one's reputation 毁坏某人的名声
live up to one's reputation 名副其实
练习：这个餐馆的服务名不虚传，我们得到了很好的服务。
The service at this restaurant ___________________, and we were well served.
live up to its reputation
Vocabulary
5. hold one's breath
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
catch one's breath 缓一口气;歇口气
take one's breath away 令人惊叹
save ones breath 免费口舌
out of breath (运动后)喘不上气，透不过气来
练习：How long can you ______________ under the water
hold your breath
6. upset
be upset about… 对……感到不安/难过/心烦
It upsets/upset sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到不舒服
It upsets/upset sb. that... 让某人心烦的是……
练习：She was upset __________ (know) that she failed in the exam.
to know
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
7. abandon
abandon one's hope/plan/idea
放弃某人的希望/计划/想法
abandon oneself to
沉湎于（某种情感），陷入（to为介词，后跟名词或v-ing）
abandoned
adj. 被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的（可作前置定语或表语）
练习：Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost _____________ (abandon).
abandoned
Grammar
Do you know the story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi
Read the story and finish the form.
Verb-ing forms as subjects
Verb-ing forms as objects
Playing the qin was his life.
…everyone enjoyed listening…
主语
宾语
Grammar
Verb-ing forms as subjects
Verb-ing forms as objects
Playing the qin was his life.
Having someone that really understood his music pleased Boya, …
…, it’s no use keeping the qin.
…everyone enjoyed listening…
Boya did not say anything before playing the qin, …
When Boya continued playing, …
…, who never got tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi.
… before going their separate ways, …
After he finished playing the piece, …
Grammar
When the verb-ing form is used as the subject of a sentence, we can sometimes use the preparatory subject (形式主语) (1) at the beginning of the sentence.
The verb-ing form can also be used as the object of a
(2) or a (3) .
verb
it
preposition
Working out the rules
Circle the mistakes and write down the correct forms in the blankets.
listening
reading
trying
teaching
playing
Grammar
Blow is an article about the music sent into space.
Complete the article with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
If you have to choose music from the Earth to send into space, what music do you think is capable of (1) ____________ (represent) mankind The sound of the Chinese qin is one answer to this question. In 1977, two spacecraft called Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were sent out (2) _________ (explore) the solar system. On both spacecraft, there is a selection of music from our planet. (3) __________ (send) music into outer space was the idea of the famous scientist Carl Sagan, who believed intelligent life existed on other planets. The music was intended as a universal language to greet intelligent life in space (if there is any).
representing
to explore
Sending
Grammar
A group of scientists and artists got down to (4) _________ (choose) suitable music. Of course, they had trouble (5) _______ (select) which pieces of music to include. In the end, 27 different pieces of music (6) ______ (last) 90 minutes were put on the spacecraft. China is represented by a recording of Guan Pinghu (7) _______ (play) an ancient piece called Flowing Water on the Chinese instrument qin. It is said that Boya wrote it.
It took about 40 years for the Voyager spacecraft (8) _______ (enter) the space between the stars. We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.
choosing
selecting
lasting
playing
to enter
Grammar
In pairs, discuss how traditional Chinese music can be appreciated by a larger audience. Make a list of measures, using verb-ing forms as subjects or objects. Use the example below to help you.
Grammar
Example
Holding music festivals will give the punlic more chances to appreciate traditional Chnese music.
I have been used to _______ (live) the city.
I'm fond of _________ (collect) stamps and coins.
They only allow _________ (smoke) in restricted areas.
I remember ________ (hand) in my exercise last week.
Remember ________ (post) the book for me on your way home.
We're considering ________ (pay)a visit to the Science Museum.
living
collecting
smoking
handing
posting
paying
Exercise
Exercise
1. _______ (read) aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
2. _______ (go) to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.
3. Is it worthwhile __________ (quarrel) with such an impolite man
4. It is a waste of time__________ (read) that kind of book.
5. __________ (watch) basketball games is very interesting.
Reading
reading
quarrelling
Going
Watching
Review the language points and complete the exercises.
Homework
See you next class!