2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册 Unit 1-10 讲义

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation
Section A
On vacation “度假”
Vacation的同义词为holiday，但vacation表示较长的假期
Go to the mountains “上山；进山”
Stay at home “待在家里”
Visit my uncle “看望叔叔”
Visit museum “参观博物馆”
Summer camp “夏令营”
Winter camp “冬令营”
Go to the beach “去海滩”
Something interesting “有趣的东西”
不定代词something ,anything, nothing, everything是指物的不定代词；而somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody, everyone是指人的不定代词；somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere是指地点的不定代词。
注意：(1) 当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放在其后；如something special “特殊的事”
不定代词、不定副词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数
Eg: Everyone is here. “每个人都在这。”
Everyone knows him. “每个人都认识他”
Something, somebody, someone, somewhere 用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中；而anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。
Eg: Is there anything interesting on today’s newspaper “今天的报纸上有有趣的事吗？”
Buy (动词) “买” 其反义词为sell (动词) “卖”
Buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. “为某人买某物”
Eg: My mum bought a book for me. = My mum bought me a book.
“妈妈给我买了本书。”
Long time no see. “好久不见。”
Quite a few “相当多；不少”
注意：Little/ a little/ few/ a few 区别
Little “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
A little “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
Few “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
A few “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
Eg: We have little milk, let’s buy some.
We have a little milk, you can drink it.
We have a few apples, you can eat it.
We have few apples, let’s buy some.
Take photos “拍照”
What about ... = How about ... “...怎么样/...呢？”
后面加名词、代词或doing。
Eg: What about this apple “这个苹果怎么样？”
What about you “你呢？”
What about going swimming “去游泳怎么样？”
Not really. “不是真的。”
Most of the time “大多数时间”
Time (名词) 译为“时间”时为不可数名词；译为“次数”时为可数名词。
Eg: There is no time. “没有时间了。”
Several times “几次”
Grammar
一般过去时的特殊疑问句式
句型结构为：特殊疑问词 + was/were/did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它
Eg: Where were you born “你出生在哪里？”
Who did you go with “你和谁去？”
知识点
No one “没有人”
No one和none的区别：
none即可指人又可指物；而no one只能指人
None作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数
None常用简略答语，可以与of连用；no one只能单独使用，后面不可跟of
Eg: -- How many people are there -- None. “--那有多少人？ -- 没有人。”
None of us want to see the movie. “我们没有一个人看过这部电影。”
There was no one else here. “这里没有一个人。”
Have a good time “玩得高兴”
Taste really good “尝起来真好”
Taste (名词) “味道 爱好” Eg: I don’t like the taste of olives. “我不喜欢橄榄的味道。”
(动词) “品尝；体验” Eg: I want to taste this dish. “我想要尝一下这个菜。”
(系动词) “尝起来” 后面加形容词 Eg: The soup tastes good. “这个汤尝起来很好。”
My first time “我的第一次”
Seem to be bored “似乎无聊”
seem多用作系动词和不及物动词，表示“似乎；好像；看来”的意思，在表示“感觉”的意思时，后面可以接“to be + 名词或形容词”、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词作表语。
常见的固定搭配：seem to ... (看起来...); seem like sb./sth. (仿佛...似的)；It seems that 从句
Eg: He seems to breathe quickly. “他似乎呼吸的很快。”
These bananas seem like “hands”. “这些香蕉看起来像‘手’。”
It seems that he was ill yesterday. “昨天他似乎病了。”
Keep a diary “记日记”
Section B
Arrive in + 大地点 = arrive at + 小地点 = get to + 地点 = reach + 地点
Eg: I arrived at the airport on time. “我们按时到达机场。”
I arrived in Beijing by plane. = I got to Beijing by plane. = I reached Beijing by plane.
“我坐飞机到北京。”
注意：若get/reach/arrive后面加地点副词here/there/home等，则不需要加介词。
Eg: The boy arrived home safely. = The boy got home safely. “那个男孩安全到家了。”
Decide (动词) “决定” ； 其对应的名词为decision (名词) “决定”
常见短语：decide to do sth. “决定做某事”; make a decision “做决定”
Eg: We decided to go to the movie together. “我们决定一起去看电影。”
You need to make a decision quickly. “你需要立刻做决定。”
Try to do sth. “试着做某事（努力地、有目的地做，想尽办法做好）”
Try doing sth. “尝试做某事”（没有目的性的做，试着做做看）
Feel like “感受到；摸起来”后跟宾语从句或名词
Eg: I felt like I was a bird. “我感觉我是一只鸟。”
另外，常用短语为：feel like doing sth. “想要做某事”
Eg: I feel like reading a book. “我想要读书。”
Ride bicycles to ... “骑自行车去...”
The house of... “...的房子”
I wonder what life was like here in the past. “我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的。
Wonder (名词) “奇迹；令人惊奇的事” (动词) “惊讶；想知道”
常用短语： No wonder “难怪；不足为奇”
Wonder at sth. “对某事惊奇”
Wonder to do sth. = I wonder 从句 “想要做某事”
Eg: I wonder where they are going. “我想知道他们去哪了。”
In the past “在过去”
Enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”
Enjoy oneself = have a good time “玩得高兴”
Eg: The girl enjoyed reading. “这个小女孩喜欢阅读。”
They enjoyed themselves. “他们玩得很开心。”
What a difference a day makes! “一天的差异多大啊!”
Make a difference in... “对...有影响”
different (形容词) “不同的”；difference (名词) “不同点”
常用短语：be different from... “与...不同”
How + 形容词 (+ 主语 + 谓语！)= What (+ a/an) + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语！)
Eg: How clever she is! = What a clever girl she is!
注意：我们可以通过找句子的主语谓语来判断用how还是what开头：将句子的主语谓语去掉，看看还有没有名词，有名词用what开头，没名词用how开头。
Walk up to the top “我爬到山顶”
Take the train “坐火车”
Wait for sb. “等待某人”
Because + 从句
Eg: I get up early because I want to catch the first bus. “我早早起床因为我想赶上头班车。”
Because of + 名词/代词/名词短语
Eg: I had to move because of my job. “因为工作原因我不得不搬家。”
Too many + 可数名词复数； too much + 不可数名词； much too + 形容词
Eg: There are too many eggs in the basket. “篮子里有太多的鸡蛋。”
There is too much water in the bottle. “瓶子里有太多的水。”
The box is much too heavy. “这个箱子太重了。”
Below (介词) “在...下面；低于”其反义词为above “在...上面”
Enough money “足够多的钱”
Enough在修饰形容词或副词时位于其后，enough在修饰名词时位于其前
Eg: wet enough “足够潮湿”
One bowl of rice “一碗米饭”
Sounds great! “听起来不错！”
The next day “第二天”
Forget/ remember to do sth. “忘记/记得要做某事”
Forget/remember doing sth. “忘记/记得做过某事”
That’s not all. “并不完全如此。”
Along the way “沿途”
So + 形容词/副词 + that从句 “如此...以至于...”
Such + 名词短语 + that 从句 “如此...以至于...”
Eg: She is so popular that everyone likes her.
= She is such a popular girl that everyone likes her.
“她是如此受欢迎以至于每个人都喜欢她。”
Tell sb. to do sth. “告诉某人做某事” tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不错某事”
Jump up and down “上蹿下跳”
Come up “出现；升起；即将到来；发芽”
Unit 2 How often do you exercise
Section A
On weekends = at weekends “在周末”； on weekdays “在工作日”
Go to the movies “去看电影”
Help with housework = help (to) do housework “帮忙做家务”
Help (动) “帮忙”（1）help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth “帮忙做某事”
help oneself to... “随便吃/喝...”
can’t help doing sth. “情不自禁做某事”
Help (名) “帮忙” with one’s help = with the help of sb. “在某人的帮助下”
Twice a week “一周两次”
（1）英语中的次数表达：once “一次” 是one的派生词；twice “两次”是two的派生词
常见短语为：at once “立刻”； once again “再一次”； think twice “再三考虑”
三次以上则用基数词 + times的结构表示：three times “三次”；four times “四次”
就次数提问常用how many times “多少次”
（2） 表频率的结构常用：次数 + a + day/week/ month；就该结构提问常用how often
Every day “每天”
Exercise (动/名) “锻炼”； exercise = do some exercise “做练习；做锻炼”
Use the Internet “使用互联网”； on the Internet “在网上”；surf the Internet “网上冲浪”
Use of the Internet “互联网的使用”；
Use (动) “使用” use sth. to do sth. “使用某物做某事”
其派生词为：reuse(动) “重写使用”； useful (形容词) “有用的”；useless(形容词) “无用的”
Use/with/in三个词的区别：
Use “用”（东西） Eg: I use this pen to write. “我用这支笔写字”
With “用” (工具/身体部位等) Eg: I write with this pen. “我用这支笔写字”
In “用” (语言/声音/材料等) Eg: I can give a talk in English. “我可以用英语演讲”
What’s your favourite ... “你最喜欢的...是什么？”
Eg: What’s your favourite season “你最喜欢的季节是什么？”
Free(形容词) “空闲的；免费的；自由的（freedom 名词 “自由”）”
常用结构：be free = have time“有空”
Be free to do sth. “自由地做某事”
Full (形容词) (1) “忙的” -- free “空闲的”；
“满的” -- empty “空的”
“饱的” --hungry “饿的”
常用短语：be full of ... = be filled with ... “充满；装满...”
Eg: The bag is full of books. = the bag is filled with books.
“这个包装满了书。”
How come “为什么呢？”
Have ... lessons “上...课”
Eg: have an English lesson “上一节英语课”
Have piano lessons “上钢琴课”
What kind of... “什么种类的...”
Have to “不得不（客观）”
Must “必须（主观）”
Grammar
频率副词（频率从大到小）：
Always (总是100%); usually (通常); often (经常); sometimes (有时); seldom (很少；表否定意义); hardly every (几乎从不); never (从不0%)
how开头的特殊疑问词组
How often “多久一次”--一般对频率提问；
How soon “多久以后”--一般对in+时间段提问；
How long “多长时间”--一般对时间的长短提问；
How far “多远” --一般对距离提问；
How many “多少” --一般对可数名词的数量提问；
How much “多少” --一般对不可数名词的数量或多少钱提问；
How many times “多少次” -- 一般对次数提问
知识点
Some time; sometime; sometimes; some times的区别
分开“一段时间”（some time--用how long提问）
相聚“某个时候”（sometime --用when提问）
“有时”相聚加s （sometimes --用how often提问）
“几次”分开加s （some times --用how many times）
Hardly (副词) “几乎不”表否定意义
Hard (形容词) “硬的/困难的” (副词) “努力地；猛烈地”
Maybe(副词) “可能；也许”；may be (情态动词 + be动词原形) “可能是”
Eg: Maybe you are right. = You may be right. “你可能是对的。”
Stay up late “熬夜”
At least “至少”； at most “最多”
Have breakfast “吃早饭”； have a good breakfast “吃一顿好的早饭”
注意：吃早午晚饭时，常常不用a/an修饰；但当有形容词修饰早午晚饭时，可以用a/an
Be busy with sth. = be busy doing sth. “忙于做某事”
Eg: I am busy with homework. = I am busy doing homework.
“我在忙着写作业。”
Go to bed early “早点儿睡觉”
Play sports = do sports “进行体育活动”
After school “放学后”
Section B
Junk food “垃圾食物”
Drink milk = have milk “喝牛奶”
Be good for ... “对...有好处/有益” -- 反义词be bad for... “对...有害”
Be good at... = do well in ... “对...有益”
Be good with ... “擅长与...打交道”
Be good to ... “对...很好”
Health (名) “健康” 其派生词：healthy (形容词) “健康的”-- healthily (副词) “健康地”-- unhealthy(形容词) “不健康的”
常见结构：keep/stay/be healthy = keep/stay/be in good health “保持健康”
In one’s free time “在某人的空闲时间”
Ask (动词) “问” 其反义词为 answer (动词) “回答”
常见短语：ask sb. for/about sth. “向某人询问某事”
Ask sb.to do sth. “要求某人做某事”
Here is/are ... “这是...”
该句式为倒装句：如果主语时代词则为部分倒装；如果主语时名词则为完全倒装
Eg: Here it is. “它在这”（部分倒装）
Here is the bus. “公交车在这”(全部倒装)
Result (名词) “结果”
常见结构：as a result “结果是”；
as a result of = because of “由于”；
the result of ... “...的结果” （of后的名词决定谓语动词的单复数）
基数词 + percent of ... “百分之...”
Eg: fifteen percent of our students “百分之十五的学生”
Four or six times “五六次”
Not... at all “根本不”； Not at all. “没关系；不客气”
Eg: I don’t like apples at all. “我根本不喜欢苹果。”
Go online “去上网”
The answers to ... “...的答案”
The key to the door “门上的钥匙”
Although = though “尽管”，引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用
The most popular “最受欢迎的”；
be popular with “受...欢迎”
It is + 形容词 （+for/of sb.）+ to do sth. “(对某人来说)做某事...”
Eg: It is good to relax. “放松是好的。”
By (介词) (1) “通过” by doing sth. “通过做某事”
“乘...” by + 交通工具
“到...时” by + 时间
“在...旁边” by + 地点
Show (名) “表演/秀” Eg: talk show “脱口秀”
(动) “出示/展示” show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. “给某人看某物”
Show sb. Around 带领某人参观
The best way to do sth. “做某事最好的办法”
Through/across/over “穿过”的区别：
through指从内部穿过 Eg: through the clouds “穿过云层”
across指从表面穿过 Eg: across the street “过马路”
over指从上方越过 Eg: over the bridge “从桥顶过”
Mind(名词) “头脑；心智”
常用结构：change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Make up one’s mind 下决心
In one’s mind 在某人心里/看来
Keep one’s mind on sth. 专心于某事
Keep ... in mind 牢记
Mind(动词) “介意”
常用结构：mind doing sth. “介意做某事”
Eg: Would you mind (my) opening the window “你介意我打开窗户吗？”
Such as + doing sth. “例如...”
Spend time with sb. “和某人共度时光”
英语中的花费：spend/ take/ pay/ cost区别：
花时间做某事
人 + spend + 时间 + doing sth. = It takes 人（宾格）+ 时间 + to do sth.
Eg: I spend two hours cleaning the room.
= It takes me two hours to clean the room.
“我花了两小时打扫房间。”
花钱买某物
人 + spend + 钱 + on + 某物 = 人 + pay + 钱 + for + 某物 = 物 + cost + 人（宾格）+ 钱
Eg: I spend twenty yuan on this book.
= I pay twenty yuan for this book.
= This book costs me twenty yuan.
“我花二十元买这本书。”
Together with ... “和...一起”
Get together “聚在一起”
Old habits die hard. “旧习难改。”
Die (动词) “死” （过去式died; 现在分词dying）
Death (名词) “死亡”
Dead (形容词) “已故的；死的”
Dying (形容词) “垂死的；奄奄一息的”
Be late for ... “迟到...”
Writer (名词) “作家” -- write (动词) “写”
Draw pictures “画画”
Go to the dentist “去看牙医”
16 - year - old “16岁的”（形容词短语）常作定语用来修饰名词
“基数词 + 单数名词 + 形容词/名词” 构成复合形容词
Two - hour - ride “两小时路程”
More than = over “超过；多于”
Teeth cleaning “牙齿清洁”
Be afraid of doing sth. = be afraid to do sth. “害怕做某事”
Almost = nearly “几乎；将近”
None （三者或三者以上）“都不”；neither （两者）“都不”
None “没有一个人/物”，常用How many/ how much提问
No one = nobody “没有人”，常用who提问
Less than “少于”
Point (名词) “分数”
Point(动词) “指” point at “指责”； point to “指向”；point out “指出”
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
Section A
Both“ (两者) 都”，常常与and和of连用，作主语时谓语动词用复数
All “(三者或三者以上) 都”，可与of连用，作主语时谓语动词用复数
Eg: Both Lily and Lucy are from America.
露西和莉莉都来自美国。
Both of them are from America.
他们两个都来自美国。
All of them are from America.
他们都来自美国。
Play the drum “敲鼓”
Better “更好的”
是good/ well的比较级
Quietly(副词) “安静地” -- quiet (形容词) “安静的”
Loudly (副词) “大声地” -- loud (形容词) “喧闹的”
Aloud、loud、loudly的区别：
aloud (副词) “大声地；出声地”，常与read, think, call, cry, shout等动词连用，不能用比较级
Loud (形容词) “喧闹的；响亮的”，指音量比平常大得多，发出音量大，传得远的声音
Loudly (副词) “大声地；响亮地”，指声音响亮，高声说话，一般放在所修饰的动词后面。
Short hair “短发”
Heavy (形容词) “（物体）重的”、“（交通）繁忙的”、“（雨/雪）大的”
Eg: The box is heavy. 这个箱子很重。
The traffic is heavy. 交通拥挤。
The rain is heavy. 雨很大。
That’s Tara, isn’t it “那是塔拉，对不对？”
反意疑问句由两部分组成，前一部分是对事物的陈述（为陈述句），后一部分是简短的提问（为简短疑问句），中间用逗号隔开，常常遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的原则。两部分的人称和时态要一致。回答以事实为依据（肯定事实用yes, 否定事实用no）
Eg: He can sing ,can’t he (他会唱歌，对不对 )
He doesn’t like apples, does he (他不喜欢苹果，对不对 )
注意：当陈述部分有否定意义的，如never, hardly, seldom, few, little等，则后面用肯定结构。
Eg: They have never been to Shanghai, have they (他们从没去过上海，对不对？)
Yes, they have. (是的，他们没去过)/ No, they haven’t (不，他们去过)
Friendly (形容词) “友好的” -- friend (名词) “朋友”
Be friendly to ... “对某人友好”
Eg: She is friendly to me. “她对我很友好。”
Hard - working (形容词) “工作努力的”
Hard work (名词短语) “辛苦的工作”
Work hard (动词短语) “努力工作”
run fast 跑得快； jump high 跳得高；
Singing competition “歌唱比赛”
Competition (名词) “比赛” -- compete (动词) “比赛” -- competitor (名词) “竞争者”
Sing well “唱得好”
Well 为副词的好，常常用来修饰动词，而good为形容词性的好，常常用来修饰名词
Eg: Lily is a clever girl, she studies well. 莉莉是个聪明的女孩，她学习很好。
Which one “哪一个”
One与it的区别：
One指代同类中的不同一个，it指代同类中的同一个
Eg: Your book is useful, I want one. 你的书很有用，我想要一个。
Your book is useful, I want it. 你的书很有用，我想要它。
with “和...一起” Eg: I go to school with him. “我和他一起去上学。”
“随着” Eg: with time passing by “随着时间的流逝”
“带着” Eg: The teacher came in with a book. “老师带着一本书进来了。”
“长着” Eg: The girl with big eyes “长着大眼睛的女孩”
“用” Eg: The boy writes with a pencil. “这个男孩用铅笔写字。”
Clear (形容词) “清楚的；清晰的”-- clearly (副词) “清晰地”
Win (动词) “赢” -- winner (名词) “获胜者”
Win与beat区别：
Win “赢得”后面接项目/奖品/战争等
Beat “打败”后面接对手、团队等
The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
最重要的事是学习新的东西玩得高兴。
To learn something new and have fun为动词不定式，在此处作表语。
Have fun = have a good time
= enjoy oneself “玩得高兴”
Have fun doing sth. “做某事有乐趣”
Grammar
形容词/副词级的变化：英语中形容词、副词分三个级，分别为原级、比较级和最高级
其变化规则为：
构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和部分双音节词 一般在词尾加-er或-est High Higher Highest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st Fine Finer Finest
重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est Big Bigger Biggest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est Easy Easier Easiest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或most Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
Good/well Better Best
Bad/badly Worse Worst
Many/much More Most
Little Less Least
far Farther/further Farthest/furthest
Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
比较级的常见用法：
“形容词/副词比较接 + than” “...比...更...”
Eg: Tina is taller than Tara. 缇娜比塔拉更高。
Tara gets up earlier than Tina. 塔拉比缇娜起得早。
Which/Who is 比较级， A or B？
Eg: Which book is better, this one or that one 哪本书更好，这本还是那本？
“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more + 原级”
Eg: cooler and cooler “越来越凉快”
More and more beautiful “越来越漂亮”
“The + 比较级, the + 比较级” “越...就越...”
Eg: The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
你学习越努力，你就会得到越好的成绩。
比较级的修饰词
Much/ a lot/ far + 比较级 “...得多”
A little/ a bit + 比较级 “稍微...”
Even + 比较级 “甚至...”
原级比较：
肯定式：“as + 形容词/副词原级 + as” “与...一样”
否定式：“not as/so ... as...” “不如...”
Eg: He is as friendly as his brother. “他像他哥哥一样友好。”
He is not as/so friendly as his brother. “他不如他哥哥友好。”
Section B
Be talented in ... “在某方面有天赋”
Talent (名词) “天资；天赋” -- talented (形容词) “有才能的”
The same as ... “和...一样” -- （反义词）be different from ... “与...不同”
Do the same things as me “和我做一样的事”
Be good at ... = do well in ... “擅长...”
True (形容词) “真的” -- truly (副词) “真正；确实” -- truth (名词) “事实”
Care about ... “关心；在意”
Make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”
Make sb. + 形容词 “使某人处于某种状态”
Make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. “为某人制作某物”
Eg: The movie makes me cry all the time. “这个电影让我一直哭。”
The movie makes me happy. “这个电影让我快乐。”
She made me a box.
= She made a box for me. “她为我做了一个盒子。”
Laugh at ... “嘲笑...”；
Listener (名词) “聆听者” -- listen (动词) “听”
Be serious about ... “对...认真”
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. “告诉某人某事”；
Tell sb. (not) to do sth. “告诉某人（不）做某事”
Tell stories “讲故事”； tell a lie “说谎”
Like a mirror “像一面镜子”
Like (动词) “喜欢”-- dislike (动词) “不喜欢”
Like (介词) “像” -- unlike (介词) “不像”
Kid (名词) “小孩” (动词) “开玩笑”
That’s why + 句子 “那就是...的原因”
Eg: That’s why I like reading books. “那就是我喜欢读书的原因。”
Enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事/享受做某事”
Eg: She enjoys reading books. “她喜欢读书。”
Make friends with sb. “与某人交朋友”
It is + 形容词 + for sb.（事物特征）/ of sb. （人物性格/品质）+ to do sth.
“对某人来说做某事是...”
Eg: It isn’t easy for me to make friends. “对于我来说交朋友是不容易的。”
As long as “只要”
You don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. “朋友不在多而贵在好。”
Necessary (形容词) “必要的” -- unnecessary (形容词) “不必要的”
Bring out the best/worst in sb. “把某人最好/最糟的一面表现出来”
Less + 形容词/副词 + than ... “不如...”
Get good grades “取得好成绩”
Saying (名词) “俗话”
As the saying goes “俗话说”
Reach for one’s hand “伸手抓某人一把”
Reach (动词) “伸手；到达”
Reach + 地点 = get to + 地点
= arrive in + 大地点/ arrive at + 小地点
Touch (动词) “感动；触摸”
Keep/ get in touch with ... “保持/取得联系”
Heart (名词) “心”
常见短语：lose heart “丧失勇气”
Put one’s heart into sth. “用全部精力去做某事”
In fact = actually “事实上”
Break (动词) “打碎；坏掉；违反；” (名词) “休息；暂停”
Break out 爆发
Break up 打碎；分手
Break into 强行进入；闯入
Break off 打断说话
Break down 出故障
Break into pieces 碎成一片
Break the rule 打破规则
Have a break 休息一下
Talk about sth. 谈论某事
Share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
Be there (for) sb. 随叫随到；不离左右
Be similar in ... 在...方面相似
Student Helper Wanted 招聘学生助手
Primary school 小学
Middle school 中学
Senior high school 高中
Be good with sb. 善于与某人相处
Call sb. at + 电话号码 “拨打....找某人”
Eg: Call me at 123456. “拨打123456找我”
Information (不可数名词) “消息”
A piece of information “一条消息”
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater
Section A
A movie theater = cinema “电影院”
Comfortable (形容词) “舒服的” -- uncomfortable (形容词) “不舒服的”
Seat (名词) “座位”
Book a seat 预定座位； take/have a seat = sit down 坐下
Big screen 大屏幕
Close(形容词) “接近的；亲密的” (动词) “关闭”
Closed (形容词) “关闭的” -- open (动词) “打开”(形容词) “开着的”
常用短语：(be) close to 离...近； be far from 距离...远
Eg: The door is closed. 门关着。
We are close friends. 我们是亲密的朋友。
We live close to our parents 我们住得离父母近。
Buy tickets “买票”； the ticket to... “...的票”
Near here 在附近
Radio station 广播站
Cheaply (副词) “便宜地” -- cheap (形容词) “便宜的”
Cheaply -- more cheaply(比较级) -- most cheaply (最高级)
Cheap -- cheaper (比较级) -- cheapest (最高级)
Sing a song 唱歌
Choose (动词) “选择” -- choice (名词) “选择”
Choose to do sth. 选择做某事
Choose from ... 从...中选择
Make a choice 做选择
Eg: You can choose to go by bus. 你可以选择坐公车去。
Carefully (副词) “小心地” -- careful (形容词) “小心的” -- careless (形容词) “粗心的”
Reporter (名词) “记者” -- report (动词) “报道”
Ask some questions 回答一些问题
In town 在城镇
Think so 这样想
Welcome (名词) “欢迎” (动词) “欢迎”
Welcome (back)to + 地点 “欢迎（回）到...”
Give sb. a warm welcome “热烈欢迎某人”
Eg: Welcome to Beijing. 欢迎来到北京。
They give me a warm welcome. 他们热烈欢迎我。
How do you like ... = How do you feel about ... = What do you think of...
你认为...怎么样？
So far 到目前为止
On Center Street 在中心街
Thanks for (doing) sth. = Thank you for (doing) sth. 因（做）某事而感谢某人
Thanks to... “多亏；由于”
Eg: Thanks for helping me. 感谢你帮我。
Thanks to your help, I can finish my work. 多亏你的帮忙，我可以完成我的工作。
No problem. “不用谢 = You’re welcome. = Not at all.”; “没问题”
Grammar
形容词/副词最高级变化规则见Unit3语法
形容词/副词最高级用法：
The 形容词/副词最高级 + 比较范围（常用in/of/among等） “用于表示三者或三者以上范围中最...”
Eg: Chin is the oldest country in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家。
Tony runs fastest in our class. 托尼是我们班跑得最快的。
One of + the 形容词最高级 + 名词复数。 注意：作主语时谓语动词常用单数。
Eg: Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我们国家最大的城市。
The 序数词 + 最高级
Eg: Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲。
Which is + the + 形容词最高级， A, B or C
Eg: Which is the most delicious, juice, coffee or tea
注意：形容词最高级前常有the，副词最高级前的the可以省略。但当形容词前有物主代词或名词所有格修饰时可以省略the
Eg: Lily is my best friend. 丽丽是我最好的朋友。
知识点
Service (名词) “服务” -- serve (动词) “为...服务” -- servant (名词) “仆人”
Pretty (形容词) “漂亮的” (副词) “相当；很 = very/ quite”
Not ... at all. “一点也不；根本不”
She doesn’t like apples at all. 她根本不喜欢苹果。
Not at all. “不客气”
Act (动词) “扮演” -- actor (名词) “男演员” -- actress (名词) “女演员”
-- action (名词) “行动” -- active (形容词) “活跃的” -- activity (名词) “活动”
10 minutes by bus = 10 minutes’ bus ride 坐公共汽车10分钟的路程
该短语用来表示距离，常用how far提问
Section B
Creative (形容词) “有创造力的” -- create (动词) “创造；创作”
Performer (名词) “演员” -- perform (动词) “表演” -- performance (名词) “表演”
Got Talent 达人秀； talent show 才艺表演
Talent (名词) “天赋” -- talented (形容词) “有才能的”
常见短语：have a talent for ... = be talented in ... “在某方面有天赋”
Eg: The girl has a talent for music. = The girl is talented in music.
这个女孩在音乐方面有天赋。
Be good at... 擅长...
Watch sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
Watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
More and more popular 越来越受欢迎
Around the world = all over the world 全世界
Such as 例如
Have ... in common 有相同特征
Look for 寻找
Magician (名词) “魔术师” -- magic (名词) “魔术”
and so on 等等
All kinds of... 各种各样的...
Join 加入某一组织、团队等成为其中一员
Take part in 参加某一活动，如比赛、运动会等
Beautifully (副词) “美丽地” -- beautiful (形容词) “美丽的” -- beauty (名词) “美丽”
Be up to sb. 由某人决定
Eg: This is up to you. 这由你决定。
Play a role in + doing sth. “在...方面发挥作用”
Get a very good prize “获得丰厚奖品”
Not everybody “不是某个人”
部分否定：
not与every及含有every的不定代词连用，译为“并不是每个...都”
Not与all连用，译为“并不是所有的都”
Not与both连用，译为“两个并不都”
The lives of ... “...的生活”
Make up 编造；化妆；和解；弥补
For example 例如
Poor (形容词) “贫穷的” -- rich (形容词) “富有的”
The poor 穷人； the rich 富人；
The + 形容词表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
Eg: The old need to be looked after well. 老人需要被好好照顾。
Take ... seriously 认真对待...
Give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
注意：如果双宾语均为代词，则只能用give sth. to sb. 结构
Eg: Please give it to me. 请把它给我。
Please give the book to me. = Please give me the book. 请把那本书给我。
常用搭配：give up 放弃；give out 分发； give away 赠送；give in 屈服；
give back 归还；give off 发出（气味/光/热等）； give sb. a hand 帮某人一把
Come true 实现
Crowded (形容词) “拥挤的” -- crowd (动词) “使...拥挤” crowd (名词) “人群”
Be crowded with 挤满了
The best place to do sth. 做某事的好地方
Finish doing sth. 结束做某事
Meet friends 见朋友
Street performers 接头表演者
One of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 “最...的...之一”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Eg: She is one of the cleverest students in my class. 她是我班最聪明的学生之一。
Take walks 去散步
Rest (动词) “休息” (名词) “休息”
Rest = have a rest 休息
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show
Section A
What do you think of ... = How do you feel about ... = How do you like ...
“你觉得...怎么样？”
Show (名词) Show (名) “表演/秀” Eg: talk show “脱口秀”
(动) “出示/展示” show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. “给某人看某物”
Show sb. Around 带领某人参观
Mind(名词) “头脑；心智”
常用结构：change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
Make up one’s mind 下决心
In one’s mind 在某人心里/看来
Keep one’s mind on sth. 专心于某事
Keep ... in mind 牢记
Never mind. 别介意
Mind(动词) “介意”
常用结构：mind (one’s) doing sth. “介意(某人)做某事”
Eg: Would you mind (my) opening the window “你介意我打开窗户吗？”
Soap opera 肥皂剧； Sports show 体育节目；
Game show 游戏类节目； talent show 才艺类节目
News (不可数名词) “新闻”
A piece of news 一条新闻
Stand (动词) “站立；忍受”
常见短语：stand up 起立； stand for 代表；stand out 引人注目；
Can’t stand (doing) sth. 无法忍受（做）某事。
Let’s = let us 让我们
常见结构：let sb. (not) do sth. “让某人（不）做某事”
Eg: Let him stay alone for a while. 让他单独待一会。
Learn ... from... “从...获得...”；“向...学习”
Learn about sth. “了解某事”
Educational (形容词) “有教育意义的” 、
派生词：educate (动词) “教育”；education (名词) “教育”
Plan (动词/名词) “计划”
常见短语：plan to do sth. “计划做某事”
Make a plan “制定计划”
Eg: They plan to go to Beijing for vacation. 他们计划去北京度假。
You should make a plan before you start. 你应该在开始之前制定计划。
Hope (动词) “希望”
派生词：hopeful (形容词) “有希望的”-- hopeless (形容词) “无望的”
常用结构：
（1）hope to do sth. = hope + that 从句 “希望做某事”
Eg: I hope to visit Beijing some day. = I hope that I can visit Beijing some day.
“我希望有一天可以参观北京。”
I hope so. 我希望如此。
I hope not. 我希望不会。
注意：（1）切记不可用hope sb. to do sth. 的结构
（2）hope to do sth. 通常指可以实现的希望做某事；而wish to do sth. 通常指难以实现的希望做某事。Wish 可以有wish sb. to do sth. 结构，译为“希望某人做某事”
Find out 查明；弄清
What’s going on 发生了什么
Around the world = all over the world 全世界
Have a discussion about sth. “就某事进行一场讨论”
Have a discussion with sb. “和某人进行一场讨论”
Discussion (名词) “讨论” -- discuss (动词) “讨论”
Happen (动词) “发生”
常见结构：（1）sth. + happen in/on 时间/地点 “某事发生在某时/某地”
Eg: The car accident happened on March 10th. 这场车祸发生在三月十日。
sth. + happen to sb. “某事发生在某人身上”
Eg: A car accident happened to him. “他发生了车祸。”
Sb. + happen to do sth. “某人碰巧做某事”
Eg: She happened to meet Judy on the street. “她碰巧在街上遇见了朱迪。”
注意：happen常指偶然发生的事；而take place常指按计划发生的事
Expect (动词) “期待”
常见短语：expect (sb.) to do sth. “期待某人做某事”
派生词: expectation (名词) “期待” -- unexpected (形容词) “出乎预料的”
One day 有一天
Grammar
动词不定式作宾语：是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to + 动词原形”。其中to知识一种符号，并非为介词。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、宾语和状语等。
动词不定式作宾语的用法：
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, hope, decide, choose, would like, like, plan, fail等
Eg: I decided to go to Beijing by plane. 我决定坐飞机去北京。
Know, ask, show, teach, guess, find out, understand等动词短语后可用“疑问句+动词不定式”结构
Eg: Please teach me how to learn English well. 请教我如何学好英语。
Like, love, begin, start等动词后即可接动词不定式，也可接动名词，意义上差别不大。
Eg: I like singing but I don’t like to sing . 我喜欢唱歌，但我现在不想唱歌。
“Find, think, feel + it + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构，其中it为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正主语。
Eg: I find it difficult to learn English. 我发现学英语很难。
知识点
Joke (名词) “笑话”
常见短语：tell a joke 讲笑话； play a joke on sb. “开某人的玩笑”
Section B
Meaningless (形容词) “毫无意义的”
派生词：mean (动词) “意味着；意思是” -- meaning (名词) “意思”
-- meaningful (形容词) “有意义的”
Action movie 动作片
Scary movie 恐怖片
Think of 认为
Be famous for “因...而出名”； be famous as “作为...而出名”； be famous to “为...所熟知”
Eg: The town is famous for apples. 这个城镇因苹果而出名。
Lu Xun is famous as a writer. 鲁迅是作为专家而出名。
He is famous to young people. 他为年轻人所熟知。
The symbol of... ...的象征
Appear (动词) “出现”
派生词：disappear (动词) “消失” -- appearance (名词) “出现；外貌”
Come out 出版；出来；开花；泄露
Sound “声音”（指自然界中所有的声音）
Voice “嗓音”（指人的声音或悦耳的鸟鸣声）
Noise “噪音”（让人身体不舒服的声音）
Rich (形容词) “富有的” -- (反义词) “贫穷的”
常见结构：the rich “富人”； be rich in ... “富含...”
Successful (形容词) “成功的”
派生词：success (名词) “成功” -- succeed (动词) “成功” -- successfully (副词) “成功地”
常见结构：be successful in doing sth. = succeed in doing sth. “成功做某事”
Eg: He was successful in finishing the work. = He succeeded in finishing the work.
他成功的完成了这项工作。
In the 1930s “在20世纪30年代”
In the + 整十年-s/’s “在...世纪...年代”
One of the main reasons 主要原因之一
For this reason 由于这个原因
The/a reason for (doing) sth. (做)某事的理由
Face (名词) “脸” make a face “做鬼脸”；lose face “丢脸”
(动词) “面对” face to face “面对面”
Danger (名词) “危险” -- dangerous (形容词) “危险的”
常见短语： In danger 处于危险中
Unlucky (形容词) “不幸的”
派生词：luck (名词) “幸运” -- lucky (形容词) “幸运的” --luckily (副词) “幸运地”
Such as 例如
Be ready to do sth. “准备好做某事；乐于做某事”
Be ready for sth. “为...做好准备”
Eg: I am ready to fight for country. 我准备好为祖国而战斗。
She is ready to help others. 她乐于助人。
Try one’s best to do sth. “尽全力做某事”
Eg: I will try my best to get good grades. “我会尽全力取得好成绩。”
Most of... ...的大多数
Simple (形容词) “简单的” -- simply (副词) “仅仅；只”
A pair of ... “一双/对...”
Eg: a pair of shoes “一双鞋”
Come from = be from “来自”
Eg: He comes from Shanghai. = He is from Shanghai. “他来自上海。”
Dress up like/as + 人 “装扮成某人（的样子）”
Dress up in + 衣服 “穿...衣服；打扮”
Take one’s place = take the place of “代替”
In the army “在部队中”
Do a good job “干得好”
Show one’s love for ... “表达对...的爱”
Something enjoyable “令人愉快的东西”
注意：形容词在修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后
Something interesting “有趣的事”
Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.
Section A
Want to be .. 想要成为...
What do you want to be when you grow up 当你长大的时候想要做什么？
其中when引导的是时间状语从句，译为“当...时候”
Grow up 长大
Computer programmer 计算机程序设计员
Driver (名词) “司机” -- drive (动词) “驾驶” drive to + 地点 “开车去某地”
Basketball player 篮球运动员
Player (名词) “玩家；选手” -- play (动词) “玩；演奏；播放”
Cook (名词) “厨师” (动词) “煮” -- cooker (名词) “厨具”
Eg: The cook is cooking with this cooker. 这位厨师正用这个厨具做饭。
Take acting lessons 上表演课
Take ... lessons 上...课
Practice doing sth. 练习做某事
The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway 由海明威所著的《老人与海》
By sb. “由某人所著”
Be good at (doing) sth. “擅长(做)某事”
Keep on doing sth. “继续做某事”
Keep(动词) “保持；继续；记录；管理；存放；养育”
常见用法：(1) keep doing sth. 一直做某事
Keep + 形容词/名词 keep quiet保持安静/keep a diary 记日记
Keep + 名词 + 形容词 “使某物保持某种状态”
Eg: You must keep the room clean. 你必须保持房间干净。
Of course. = Sure. = Certainly. 当然
Be sure about ... 确信；对...有把握
Be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事
Make sure 确保；查明
Don’t worry. 别担心。
Worry about sth. = be worried about sth. “担心某事”
Not everyone “不是每个人”， 此为部分否定
Grammar
be going to + 动词原形
Be going to + 动词原形结构可以用来表示将要发生的事，或打算、计划或决定要做的事
注意：在将含有该结构的句子进行句型转换时在be动词上进行变化就可以。
Eg: He is going to study hard next term. 下学期他打算努力学习。
-- 否定句：He isn’t going to study hard next term.
-- 一般疑问句： Is he going to study hard next term
-- 肯定回答：Yes, he is. 否定句：No, he isn’t.
-- 特殊疑问句： What are you going to do next term
知识点
Move to + 地点 “搬到...”
Finish high school “高中毕业”
Finish doing sth. “结束做某事”
Race car driver “赛车手”
Go to a cooking school “上烹饪课”
At a university “在大学里”
Go to college “去大学”
University与college区别：
University主要指综合性本科大学，一般由多个学院组成。
College多指大学内的学院，专科高等学校。
Take some medicine “吃药”
Next September “明年九月”
Write articles “写文章”
Send (动词) “邮寄；发送”
常用结构：(1) send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. “给某人寄某物”
Send sb.to do sth. “派某人去做某事”
Section B
Make resolutions 下决心
Learn to do sth. 学习做某事
Play the piano 弹钢琴
注意：play 后加球类或棋牌类时无定冠词；play后加西洋乐器需加定冠词the
Play soccer 踢足球； play the guitar 弹吉他
Make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员
Get good grades 取得好成绩
Get exercise 做锻炼
Sound + 形容词 “听起来...”
Sound like ... “听起来像...”
Eg: Sounds interesting “听起来有趣”
Sounds like a good plan. “听起来是一个好计划。”
Another foreign language “另外一门外语”
Foreign (形容词) “外国的” -- foreigner (名词) “外国人”
Be able to do sth. “能够做某事”
Make yourself a better person “使你自己成为一个更好的人”
Have to 不得不
Find time to do sth. 找时间做某事
The start of... ...开始
A kind of ... 一种...
Promise (名词) “诺言” (动词) “许诺”
常见结构： (1) make/keep/break a promise “许下/遵守/违背诺言”
(2) promise to do sth. “许诺做某事”
(3) promise sb. sth. “许诺某人某事”
Tidy (动词) “打扫” tidy... up “打扫...”
Get back from ... “从...回来”
At the beginning of ... “在...开始”
Improve (动词) “提高；改善”-- improvement (名词) “改善”
Write down = take/put down “写下”
The coming year “来年”
Wish (动词) “希望；想要”
Wish to do sth. “希望做某事”
Wish sb. to do sth. “希望某人做某事”
Wish sb. Sth. “祝福某人某事”
Wish (名词) “愿望”（常指难以实现的愿望）
Best wishes to you! 向你致以美好的祝福。
Different kinds of ... “不同种类的...”
Physical health “身体健康”
Have to do with .. “关于；与...有关”
Take up “学着做；开始做”
Make a weekly plan for ... “为...制定周计划”
Have ... in common “有...共同之处”
Too + 形容词 + to do sth. “太...而不能做某事”
Eg: The box is too heavy to lift it. 这个箱子太重不能举起它。
Forget about sth. “忘记某事”
For this reason “由于这个原因”
The meaning of ... “...的意思”
Discuss with ... “和...讨论”
On one’s own = by oneself “独自”
Of one’s own “自己的”
Improve one’s relationships with sb. “改善与某人的关系”
Unit 7 Will people have robots
Section A
In people’s homes 在人们的家中
Every与each的区别：
each着重于个别的含义，强调整体范围内的“每一个个体”；every着重于整体的含义，强调整体范围内的“每一个都”，和all的意思相近。
Eg: Each student has a new book. 每个学生都有一本新书。（强调每个）
Every girl has a new dress. 所有女孩都有一条新连衣裙。（强调所有）
each可以用来指两个或两个人以上的人或物，但every却是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两个。
Every只能作定语，each不仅可以作定语，而且能作主语和同位语，此时each作代词。
Eg: Each has his own name. 每个人都有自己的名字。
They each put forward a proposal. 他们每人提出一条建议。
Each和every后的动词必须用单数。
Each作代词时，后面可以接介词of，而every则不可以接介词。
Eg: Each of us likes English. 我们中每个人都喜欢英语。
Study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习
Use money 用钱
Use (动) “使用” use sth. to do sth. “使用某物做某事”
其派生词为：reuse(动) “重写使用”； useful (形容词) “有用的”；useless(形容词) “无用的”
Money (不可数名词) “钱”， 可以用some, any, much, a lot of, little等修饰，且作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Free(形容词) “空闲的；免费的；自由的（freedom 名词 “自由”）”
常用结构：free time 自由时间
be free = have time“有空”
Be free to do sth. “自由地做某事”
On paper 在纸上
Paper (不可数名词) “纸，纸张”表示一张纸时 ，用 a piece of paper “一张纸”
Papers (常以复数形式出现) 译为“论文”
Live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
In 100 years “100年后”
In + 数字 + years “在...年后”常用在一般将来时中，就其提问用how soon开头
Eg: -- How soon will you finish your high school 你多久后高中毕业？
-- In two years. 两年后。
Fewer people 更少的人
Little/ a little/ few/ a few 区别
Little “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
A little “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰不可数名词
Few “几乎没有”表否定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
A few “还有一点”表肯定意义，常用来修饰可数名词复数
Eg: We have little milk, let’s buy some.
We have a little milk, you can drink it.
We have a few apples, you can eat it.
We have few apples, let’s buy some.
Pollution (名词) “污染” -- pollute (动词) “污染” -- polluted (形容词) “受污染的”
常见搭配：air pollution 空气污染； noise pollution 噪音污染；water pollution 水污染
Take a subway to ... = go to ... by subway 坐地铁去...
Be crowded 拥挤
I don’t think so. 我不这样认为。
In the future 在未来
What will the future be like 将来会是什么样的？
What + be动词 + 人/物 + like ...怎么样（常用来询问人的品格）？
What + do/does + 人 + look like ...长什么样？（常用来询问人的外貌）
Eg: What’s the weather like 天气怎么样？
-- What is she like -- She is friendly. --她是个什么样的人？ -- 她很友好。
-- What does she look like -- She has big eyes. --她长什么样？ -- 她长着大眼睛。
Be in great danger 处于极大的危险之中
Danger (名) “危险” -- dangerous (形容) “危险的”
In danger “处于危险中”
Safety (名) “安全” -- safe (形容) “安全的”
Have to 不得不
Move to ... 搬到...
Other, the other, others, the others与another区别：
Other “其他的；另外的”常作限定词使用，后面可以接名词
The other “两者中的另一个”为特指，常用结构为one..., the other... “一个...；另一个”
Others 用于已知的一些人或物中，出去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。译为“其他”为泛指，常用结构为some..., others... “一些...，另一些...”。Others = other + 可数名词复数
The others用于指一定范围内出去一个或一部分后，余下的全部人或物。译为“其余的；其余全部”为特指，我们常用the others = the other + 可数名词复数
Another “另一个；再一个”为泛指，三者或三者以上中的另一个
On the earth 在地球上
Me, too. 我也是。
Plant trees 种树
Play a part in( + doing) sth. 参与（做）某事
Save the earth 拯救地球
Grammar
一般将来时：
通常用来表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。
时间标志词为：tomorrow (明天), next week (下周), next year (明年), in the future (未来) 等
常用结构：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 其他
注意：其中will为助动词，故在变成否定句或疑问句时变动will即可
Eg: -- We will study at home in the future. 我们未来将在家中学习。
-- We won’t study at home in the future. 我们未来不会在家学习。
-- Will you study at home in the future 我们未来会在家学习吗？
There be 将来时：There will be ... “将有...”
Eg: There will be a football match tomorrow. 明天将有一场足球赛。
注意：
在口语中，will常缩写为’ll， will not常缩写成won’t
在表示“带意愿色彩的就将来”时，常用助动词will
在疑问句中，主语为第一人称 ( I 和We)时，常用助动词shall
在书面语中，主语为第一人称时，也可用助动词shall
“Be going to + 动词原形”，也可以表示将要发生的动作或安排，或计算、计划、决定要做的事
知识点
World peace 世界和平
Do the same jobs as... 做与...一样的工作
Build (动词) “建筑” -- building (名词) “建筑”
Section B
Space station 太空站
Train (名词) “火车” (动词) “训练”
Across the street 横过街道
Across 与 through的区别：
Across 指从物体这一侧穿越到另一侧；而through指从物体内部穿过。
Eg: The old man is walking across the road. “这个老人正在过马路。”
The old man is walking through the forest. “这个老人从森林里走过。”
Take the train to ... 坐火车去...
Fly (动词) “飞；放飞” (名词) “苍蝇”
常用短语：fly to ... “飞往...”
Fly a kite “放风筝”
Live in ... “住在...”
Think like humans “像人一样思考”
One’s own + 名词 “某人自己的...”
Watch movies “看电影”
Help with ... “帮忙...”
help (动词/名词) 译为“帮助”
作动词时用法：help sb. (to) do sth. = help sb. with sth. 译为“帮助某人做某事”
Eg: Please help me (to) learn English.
= Please help me with my English. 译为：“请帮我学英语。”
作名词时用法：with the help of... 译为“在...的帮助下”
Eg: I improve my English with the help of my English teacher.
译为“在我英语老师的帮助下提高了我的英语。”
Do simple jobs 做简单的工作
Over and over again 一遍又一遍
Such + 名词； so + 形容词
Eg: She is such a cute girl. = She is so cute. 她如此可爱。
Get bored 感到无聊
Make robots look like humans 使机器人看起来像人
Look like ... 看起来像...
Eg: You look like your mother. 你看起来像你的妈妈。
Be fun to do sth. 很开心做某事
Believe (动词) “相信”后面可以加that从句
Believe in + 人 “相信某人”
It will be difficult to do sth. “多某事将很难”
For example 例如
Wake (sb.) up （把某人）叫醒
Disagree with sb. 不同意某人
Agree with sb. 同意某人
Agree to do sth. 同意做某事
In 25 to 50 years 在25至50年后
It takes + 人+ 时间 + to do sth. “花某人多长时间做某事”
Eg: It takes me two hours to finish the work. 我花了两小时完成这项工作。
Hundreds of ... “数百的...”
数字 + hundred “几百” two hundred 两百
Different shapes 不同形状
Fall down 突然倒下；倒塌
Look for “寻找”（强调找到动作）
Find “找到”（强调找的结果）
Eg: We looked for the car everywhere, but we didn’t find it.
我们到处找那辆车，但是我们没有找到它。
Possible (形容词) “可能的” -- impossible (形容词) “不可能的”
seem多用作系动词和不及物动词，表示“似乎；好像；看来”的意思，在表示“感觉”的意思时，后面可以接“to be + 名词或形容词”、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词作表语。
常见的固定搭配：seem to ... (看起来...); seem like sb./sth. (仿佛...似的)；It seems that 从句
Eg: He seems to breathe quickly. “他似乎呼吸的很快。”
These bananas seem like “hands”. “这些香蕉看起来像‘手’。”
It seems that he was ill yesterday. “昨天他似乎病了。”
Many times 许多次
At some point 在某种程度上
As a reporter 作为一名记者
Be good for... 对...有好处
During the week 在工作日
During与in区别：
During 强调时间的延续，而in只能指一般性的某一时间
Eg: Many people suffered hardship during the war. 许多人在战争期间受苦遭难。
He was injured in the war. 他在战争中受了伤。
On weekends 在周末
Fresh water 新鲜的水
Clean air 干净的空气
No one 没有人
No one和none的区别：
none即可指人又可指物；而no one只能指人
None作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数
None常用简略答语，可以与of连用；no one只能单独使用，后面不可跟of
Eg: -- How many people are there -- None. “--那有多少人？ -- 没有人。”
None of us want to see the movie. “我们没有一个人看过这部电影。”
There was no one else here. “这里没有一个人。”
Fly up into the sky 飞到天空中
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake
Section A
Make a banana milk shake 做香蕉奶昔
Make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某事
Shake (动词) “摇动；抖动”
Shake one’s head 摇头；
Shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
Pour ... into ... 把...倒入...中
Pour ... out of ... 把...倒出
Cut up 切碎； cut down 砍倒； cut off 切除；
Cut out 删除； cut in 插嘴； cut ... into pieces 把...切成片
Peel the bananas 剥香蕉皮
Turn on 打开； turn off 关上； turn up 调高； turn down 调低；拒绝
Turn over 翻身； turn into 变成； turn to 转/翻到
Put ... into ... 把...放入... 中
Need
作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。
Eg: She need go to school at once.
译为：“她需要立刻去上学。”
作实义动词时，后面常接动词不定式或动名词。
常用结构为：need to do sth. “需要做某事”（表主动）
Eg: She needs to go to school at once.
译为：“她需要立刻去上学。”
Need doing sth. “需要做某事”（表被动）
Eg: The tree needs watering.
译为：“这棵树需要被浇水。”
One cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶
Fruit salad 水果沙拉
句子顺序连接词：First ... Next ... Then... Finally 首先...接下来...然后... 最后
Buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物
Eg: My mum bought a book for me. = My mum bought me a book. 我妈妈给我买了一本书。
What’s next 接下来做什么？
Add... to ... 添加...到...
For 30 minutes 持续30分钟
就其提问常用how long开头
Another + 基数词 + 名词 = 基数词 + more + 名词 “又/再/另...”
Eg: another two apples = two more apples “再来两个苹果”
That’s it “这就结束了？”
That’s it. “正式如此”；“问题就在这里”；“就这样了”
One more thing “还有一件事”
Finally = at last = in the end 最后
Remember (动) “记得” 其反义词为：forget “忘记”
Remember/forget to do sth. “记得/忘记要去做某事”
Remember/forget doing sth. “记得/忘记做过某事”
Eg: Remember to add in the cost of drinks. “记住把饮料费加进去。”
I remember closing the door. “我记得关门了。”
Grammar
不可数名词前可用a lot of/ lots of/ much/some/ any/ a little/ little/no等修饰
Eg: Some water; much water; little water
不可数名词量的表达：数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词
Eg: a bottle of water 一瓶水；
a piece of paper 一张纸；
A piece of bread 一块面包
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
Two bags of rice 两袋米
询问多少时：how many + 可数名词复数； how much + 不可数名词
Eg: How many apples are there in the box 盒子里有多少苹果？
How much water is there in the cup 杯子里有多少水？
祈使句：祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、建议等语气
肯定祈使句常用动词原形开头；否定祈使句常用don’t 开头
Eg: Please turn on the TV. 请打开电视。
Please don’t open the window. 请不要开窗。
Half a cup 半杯
疑问词 + 动词不定式结构来代替整个句子
Eg: Where to go 去哪； how to do 如果做
Plant a tree 种树
Dig a hole 挖洞
Make beef noodles 做牛肉面
Wash clothes 洗衣服
Take out ... from ... 从...中拿出...
Section B
Make a list of ... 列...的清单
Traditional (形容词) “传统的” -- tradition (名词) “传统”
On special holidays “在特殊的节日里”
On the fourth Thursday 在第四个星期四
Fall on + 日期 落在/是 ...
A time to do sth. 做某事的时间
It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. 到了做某事的时间
Eg: It’s time for dinner. 晚饭时间到。
Give thanks to sb. 对某人表示感谢
Give thanks for ... 因某事表示感谢
In the autumn 在当年的秋天； in autumn 在秋天
In life 生命里； in one’s life 在某人一生里
See ... as ... 把...看作 ...
Get together 团聚
Celebrate (动词) “庆祝” -- celebration (名词) “庆祝”
Celebrate with sb. 和某人一起庆祝
The main dish 主菜
Go with the turkey 做火鸡
Prepare (动词) “准备” -- preparation (名词) “准备”
常见搭配：prepare for = get ready for 为...做准备
Prepare to do sth. = get ready to do sth. 准备做某事
Such as 例如
Here is + 单数名词/不可数名词 “这是...”
One way to do sth. 做某事的一种方法
Mix (动词) “混合” -- Mixture (名词) “混合物”
常见搭配： mix up 混合；
mix ... and ... 把...和...混合
Fill A with B 用B把A填满
Be filled with ... = be full of ... 装满...；充满...
Eg: The box is filled with books. = The box is full of books.
盒子里装满了书。
Place... on a large plate 把...放在盘子上
Cover A with B 用A把B盖上
Be covered with... 被...覆盖
Eg: The ground is covered with snow. 大地被白雪所覆盖。
Serve (动词) “服务”
Serve sth. to sb. = server sb. (with) sth. 用某物招待某人
At a very high temperature 在高温下
The reasons for ... ...的理由
Have/eat ... for breakfast/lunch/dinner 早/午/晚饭吃...
One by one 一个一个地
Unit 9 Can you come to my party
Section A
Come to + 地点 “来到某地”
On Saturday afternoon 在周六下午
On, in, at接时间状语时的区别：
On 后常常接具体某一天或某一天的早午晚
In后常常接某一段时间或早午晚
At后常常接具体的某一时刻
Eg: on Sunday 在周日； on May 1st 在五月一日；on Monday morning 在周一上午；
In a week 在一周里； in May 在五月；in the morning 在上午
At 5:00 在五点
Sure, I’d love to. 当然，我愿意去。
该答语常常用来回答Would you like to do sth. “你想要去做某事吗？”的结构。
如果不想做某事，则用Sorry, I’d love to, but ....或Sorry, I can’t.
Eg: -- Would you like to go shopping with me “你想和我一起去购物吗？”、
-- Sure, I’d love to.
Have to 不得不
Prepare (动词) “准备” -- preparation (名词) “准备”
Prepare for ...= get ready for ... 为...做准备
Prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
Eg: prepare for an exam 为考试做准备
I am preparing to visit Beijing. 我准备参观北京。
Go to the doctor 去看医生
Go to the movies 去电影院
Have the flue 患流感
表示“患病”的常用短语：
Have a cold 感冒； have a cough 咳嗽；
Have a fever 发骚； have a toothache 牙痛
Too much + 不可数名词 “太多...”
Too many + 可数名词复数 “太多...”
Much too + 形容词 “太...”
Eg: There is too much water in the pool. 池塘里有太多的水。
There are too many apples on the tree. 树上有太多的苹果。
The light is too much bright. 灯太亮了。
I’m not available. 我没有空。
Another time 其他时间
Thanks for doing sth. 为做某事表示感谢
Go bike riding 去骑行
Fall (名词) “秋天（= autumn）” Eg: last fall “去年秋天”
Fall (动词) “跌落；降落” Eg: fall down 摔倒
I’m afraid I can’t. 恐怕我不能。
I’m afraid that 从句 “恐怕...”
表肯定时：I’m afraid so. “我恐怕如此。”
表否定时：I’m afraid not. “我恐怕不能。”
Until “直到...为止；到...时”，相当于till
Not... until... “直到...才...”，句中谓语动词常为非延续性动词
在肯定句中，谓语动词常为延续性动词。
Eg: The boy didn’t sleep until his mother came home.
直到妈妈回家那个男孩才去睡觉。
They will go back home till Sunday.
他们到周日才回家。
Hang out with sb. “和某人闲逛”
Hang (动词) “悬挂” 其过去式、过去分词为(hung; hung)
“绞刑、上吊”七过去式、过去分词为(hanged; hanged)
Catch (动词) “赶上；接住；抓住”
Catch you on Monday. 此处catch you译为“再见；回头见”相当于See you later.
其它搭配：catch a bus 赶公交车； catch the ball 接球
Catch a cold 感冒； catch up with 追上；赶上
Grammar
语法：情态动词can表示能力、许可、猜测和邀请等意。could比can更委婉。
表邀请：Can you come the my birthday party 你能来我的生日派对吗？
接受邀请：Sure, I’d love/like to.
Yes, I’d love/ like to.
拒绝邀请： Sorry, I’m not available/free.
I’m sorry. I have to ...
I am afraid not.
向别人发出邀请、请求、建议等时，还可用以下几种表达方式：
Let’s do./
Would you mind doing sth /
How about doing sth. /
You’d better (not) do sth./
Why don’t you do sth.
知识点
Study for a test “备考”
Practice doing sth. “练习做某事”
Plan to do sth “计划做某事”
Finish doing sth. “结束做某事”
Invite (动词) “邀请” -- Invitation (名词) “邀请”
Invite sb. to + 地点 “邀请某人去某地”
Invite sb. to do sth. “邀请某人做某事”
Eg: My friend invites me to his hometown. “我的朋友邀请我去他的家乡。”
Miss Mu invites me to go to the party. “穆小姐邀请我去派对。”
Accept (动词) “接受”
accept指主观上愿意接受
Receive指客观上收到或拿到，但主观上比一定接受。
Eg: The girl accepted his request. “这个女孩接受他的要求。”
He received a letter from his friend. “他收到他朋友的信。”
Refuse (动词) “拒绝”后面接名词、代词、动词不定式
Refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
Eg: You shouldn’t refuse to help her. “你不应该拒绝帮助她。”
Section B
The day before yesterday 前天
The day after tomorrow 后天
Weekday (可数名词) “工作日” ； weekend (可数名词) “周末”
On weekdays 在工作日； on weekends = on the weekend 在周末
What’s today “今天什么日子？”
用来询问“今天是几号、星期几”，回答时，通常含有星期或日期，一般星期在前，日期在后；也可用节日来回答。
Eg: -- What’s today -- It’s Wednesday, November 4th.
补充：
What is/was the date ... “...是几月几号？” 回答要用该日期。
What day is/was it ... “...是星期几？”
Look after = take care of “照顾；照料”
Look after ... well = take good care of ... “好好照顾...”
Turn down 把调低；拒绝
Make an invitation 发出邀请
感叹句表达：
How + 形容词/副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!
= What (+a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+主语 + 谓语）！
Eg: How fast he runs! 他跑的多快！
How clever he is! = What a clever boy he is! 他多聪明啊！
A lot = very much 非常
I’m sad to see her go. 看见她走我很难过。
Sad (形容词) “难过的；悲伤的” -- sadness (名词) “悲伤；悲痛” -- sadly (副词)
The best way to do sth. 做某事最好的方法
Bring ... to ... 把...带到...来
Bring “带来”指从他处带到说话人处
Take “带去”指从说话人处带到别处
Take a trip = go on a trip = have a trip “去旅行”
At the end of ... “在...的末尾”后面可以加时间，也可以加地点
By the end of ... “到...末为止”
In the end “最后；最终”
Eg: We will arrive at the end of this month. 我们这个月末到。
We will learn 1000 words by the end of this month. 到这个月为止，我们将学习1000词。
In the end, they arrived safely. 最后，我们安全抵达。
Be glad to do sth. 高兴做某事
Eg: We are glad to see you here. 我们很高兴在这看到你。
Help out ... (帮忙...) 分担工作；解决难题
If “如果” 用来引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则
If “是否” 用来引导宾语从句，时态视情况而定
Eg: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.
By now = so far 到目前为止
Go back to ... = return to ... “回到...”
Miss “小姐”（指未婚女士）
Miss “错过；未击中；思念”
Eg: miss the bus “错过公共汽车”； miss the goal “未击中目标”
I will miss you. “我会想你的。”
Have a surprise party for sb. “为某人准备惊喜派对”
Surprise (名词) “惊讶；惊奇” to one’s surprise “令某人吃惊的是”
Surprising (形容词) “惊讶的”通常用来修饰物；
Surprised (形容词) “惊奇的”通常用来修饰人
Eg: We are surprised at this surprising news. 我们对着个惊奇的消息感到惊讶。
Without (介词) “没有” --反义词 with “有”
Without doing sth. “没有做某事”
Eg: He went to school without having breakfast this morning.
今天早上他没有吃早饭就上学了。
So that + 从句 “为了” 用来引导目的状语从句，可以同In order to do sth. 进行替换
Eg: I get up early so that I can catch the first bus.
我们起的非常早，为了能赶上第一班公交车。
Look forward to doing sth. “盼望做某事”
Eg: I am looking forward to buying this car. 我盼望着买这辆车。
Hear from sb. “收到某人来信”
Hear of ... “听说...”
The opening of ... ...的开幕式
Opening hours 营业时间
Opening (名词) “开幕式” -- Open (动词) “打开”
On the morning of ... “在...早上”
As a gift 作为礼物
Reply to 对...作出回答
Reply (名词) “回答；回复”
In/during the daytime “在白天”
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
Section A
Have a great/ good/ wonderful time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得高兴
Put on, wear, dress, in区别：
Put on强调穿衣服的动作
Eg: It’s cold outside, please put on your sweater. “外面天气冷，请穿上你的毛衣。”
wear强调穿衣服的状态
Eg: The girl wears a sweater today. “这个女孩今天穿了一件毛衣。”
Dress 后面接人，表示给某人穿衣服
Eg: The boy is too young to dress himself. “这个小那还太小了不能自己穿衣服。”
In 后面常接颜色，指穿某种颜色的衣服
Eg: The girl in red is Mary. “穿红色衣服的女孩是玛丽。”
Take + 交通工具 + to + 地点 “乘坐某种交通工具去某地”
Eg: I take a bus to school. “我坐公共汽车去学校。”
Tomorrow night 明天晚上
Talk with/ to sb. 和某人谈话
Talk about sth. 谈论某事
Talk with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事
Eg: My parents is talking with my teacher about my study. 我父母正和老师谈论我的学习。
Have a class meeting 开班会
Meet (动词) “遇见；相逢” -- meeting (名词) “会议；集会”
Half the class 一半的同学
Half (形容词) “一半的；半个的” (名词) “半；一半（其复数形式为halves）”
常用搭配：two years and a half = two and a half years 两年半
Half of ... “半数的”（其作主语时，谓语动词取决于of后的名词）
In half 分成两半
Eg: Half of the bread is enough. “半个面包就够了。”
Half of the students are from England. “一半的学生来自英国。”
Watch a video 看录像
Organize (动词) “组织” -- organized (形容词) “有组织的”
-- organization (名词) “组织” -- organizer (名词) “组织者”
A good time to do sth. 做某事的好时间
Ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事
Ask for sth. 寻求某物
Eg: My mum asked me to finish homework before dinner.
妈妈要求我晚饭前写完作业。
Please ask for help when you are in danger.
请在你危险时寻求帮助
Order (动词) “订购；订货；点菜”；“命令；嘱咐” (名词) “秩序；顺序；点菜”
常用搭配：order sb. to do sth. “命令某人做某事”
In order to do sth. = in order that 从句 “为了...”
Eg: I want to order one bowl of beef noodles. 我想点一碗牛肉面。
My teacher ordered me to clean the room. 我的老师嘱咐我打扫卫生。
Put the sentences in order. 按顺序排列句子。
I get up early in order to catch the bus. = I get up early in order that he can catch the bus.
我起得很早为了赶上公共汽车。
Too + 形容词 + to do sth. “太...而不能做某事”
Eg: The boy is too young to go to school. 这个男孩太小了不能去上学。
Grammar
if引导的条件状语从句
含义：在复合句中作条件状语的句子，叫条件状语从句。
位置：if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。位于主句前，用逗号隔开，位于主句后，不用逗号隔开。
Eg: If it rains tomorrow, we will put off the meeting. = We will put off the meeting if it rains tomorrow.
如果明天下雨，我们将推迟会议。
时态：常常遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。主句中也可出现含有情态动词或主句为祈使句的情况。
Eg: If you want to go there, you can join us. 如果你想去那，可以加入我们。
Don’t move the box if you are not strong enough. 如果不够强壮请不要搬这个箱子。
情态动词should用法
should可以表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”
Eg: You should look after yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。
Should表示要求或命令。
Eg: You shouldn’t talk in class. 你不应该在课堂上说话。
should表示预测或可能
Eg: He should be in the classroom. 他可能在教室里。
表示说话人的感情，如惊讶，愤怒，失望等。
Eg: How should I know 你怎么会知道？
知识点
Be upset about/ at sth. 因...而难过
Be upset with sb. 生某人的气
Advice (不可数名词) “建议” -- advise (动词) “建议”
常用搭配：（1）a piece of advice 一条建议； two pieces of advice 两条建议
（2）give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议
（3）ask sb. for advice 向某人征求建议
（4）take/ follow sb’s advice 听取某人的建议
（5）advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事
（6）advise doing sth. 建议做某事
（7）advise ab. about/on ... 关于...给某人建议
Eg: He advised me to run fast. 他建议我跑快点。
My mother advised buying the gift. 妈妈建议买这个礼物。
Have enough time to do sth. 有足够的时间去做某事
Section B
Travel around the world 环游世界
Travel (动词) “旅行” (名词) “旅行” -- traveller (名词) “旅行者”
常见搭配：travel to + 地点 “到...旅行”
Space travel 太空旅行
Make money 挣钱
Get an education 接受教育
Keep ... to oneself 保守秘密
These days 目前
Have problems with 在...方面有困难
Normal (形容词) “正常的；一般的” -- normally (副词) “正常地；通常”
Unless (连词) “除非；如果不”用来引导条件状语从句，相当于“if ... not...”
Eg: Unless he gets up early, he won’t catch the bus.
= If he doesn’t get up early, he won’t catch the bus.
Certainly (副词) “无疑；当然；肯定” -- certain (形容词) “无疑的；必然的”
同义词为：Sure/ Of course/ No problem.
Be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
Tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
Tell sb.