2025届高中英语二轮复习语法专项训练——动词时态 素材（含解析）

【2025一轮复习】语法专项——动词时态
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
But as days pass, the memories of all the other meals you __________ (eat) since then start to interfere (干扰) with your memory of that one particular meal.
“We __________ (perform) Jasmine Flower since our first visit in 1973,” said Ryan Fleur, executive director of The Philadelphia Orchestra.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols __________ (become) a well-developed writing system.
Over the years, the architect __________ (help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu.
For thousands of years, Chinese people __________ (value) the large family with three, four, or even five generations living under the same roof.
Each element __________ (come) in a 60-year cycle.
Every year in China, a day is set aside to honour, and show respect for, the elders and senior citizens in the entire nation. As China has more than 297 million people aged 60 and over, according to the latest statistics, this day __________ (grow) in popularity over the years.
The evolution of Chinese calligraphy __________ (begin) alongside the earliest Chinese characters discovered to date.
According to a report by Xinhua News Agency, Gen Z __________ (account) for 74 percent of consumers of China Chic goods in 2022, and the search volume of China Chic products has increased five times over the past decade.
The museum __________ (cover) a total area of 200,000 square meters and has lots of modern equipment.
The program __________ (attract) considerable attention in recent weeks and got a large fan base.
Instead, the documentary movie, which came out in Chinese cinemas on Dec. 16, __________ (focus) on ordinary people who are the restorers (修复者) of relics and antiquities (古董).
In the 1940s, China __________ (report) 30 million cases of malaria (疟疾) each year.
China’s neighbor Japan __________ (set) aside August 4th as Chopstick Day already.
The Chinese __________ (know) about the benefits of green tea since ancient times.
Throughout the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial court continually __________ (expand) the marshlands, resulting in the formation of a winding “Water Great Wall”.
Over time Baiyangdian Lake __________ (remain) steadfast (不变的) in fulfilling crucial ecological roles from storing floodwater to regulating the climate.
In the Song Dynasty, kite flying __________ (become) a fashion.
Ni stressed that scientific education __________ (be) not just about high-tech education.
During the Tang Dynasty in China, Buddhism (佛教) __________ (become) very popular and there was a strong need to produce a large number of Buddhist scriptures (经文).
However, I __________ (meet) a variety of difficulties in study until now.
In 2014, scientists __________ (compare) the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears.
China is widely known for its ancient civilization, which __________ (continue) all the way through into modern times.
According to HuffPost, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542,000 people __________ (choose) veganism over the past decade.
The past four decades __________ (see) the birth of tens of thousands of private businesses and hundreds of famous brands.
They made up their minds that they __________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
This was the first time I __________ (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
At present, Tech giants Apple and Google __________ (team) up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they’ve come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
In the 1950s, it __________ (be) a poor area and everything there was very cheap.
He said what he had hoped __________ (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finishing line.
Then it __________ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating.
Thinking about the positive feedback he got from those who __________ (taste) his fried chicken, the old man decided that he was not going to settle for a quiet retirement.
At that time, despite its long history and many treasures, the cathedral __________ (need) the help of a writer to become truly famous.
It’s not the only major forest in danger. Nearly half of the world’s forests that __________ (stand) when humans started farming are now gone.
While this once __________ (mean) getting outside and enjoying life, more people are remaining indoors thanks to smartphones and many other modern conveniences.
By the time he was twelve, Edison __________ (begin) to make a living by himself.
The problem is that once something __________ (put) on the Internet, it can be difficult to remove.
“It gets to the point where they’re on the phone constantly and most of them __________ (play) games all the time,” Pettit said.
Mr. Perkins always __________ (wear) the same clothes as other men and ate the same food as other people.
Three years ago, he __________ (seek) assistance at a recovery center, the very large tent city in downtown LA.
Ⅱ. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
Ocean pollution 1. __________ (be) serious. It can kill ocean creatures and even harm humans. It’s vital to focus on this issue and find ways to prevent pollution in our waters.
Pollution in the oceans severely 2. __________ (harm) sea creatures. For example, ocean animals often mistake pieces of plastic for food. As a result, their bellies 3. __________ (fill) with plastic from bottles, containers and beach toys. This can be deadly to the animals.
Ocean pollution 4. __________ (cause) risks to humans, too. Polluted water can result in disease among swimmers. Also, people eat fish which might 5. __________ (poison) with harmful chemicals from oil leaks and rubbish in sea water.
Some people may argue that ocean pollution is not serious, believing that the oceans are so vast that they can absorb all kinds of pollution. However, the many examples of ocean creatures killed by pollution prove them wrong.
In conclusion, it’s clear that ocean pollution is a challenging problem. We need to learn more about how to stop it.
Passage 2
Sara’s English 1. __________ (be) so good. I wonder how she 2. __________ (learn) it. “In my country, everyone has to learn English from the first grade,” Sara said. That’s interesting. However, when I 3. __________ (visit) her family last year, it 4. __________ (seem) there weren’t many people that could speak with me in English. Sara explained to me, “That’s because they are shy. They 5. __________ (be) not accustomed to talking with foreigners. Although I 6. __________ (learn) English for 10 years, when I first came to the US, I was really nervous about speaking with the people here.”
I thought there 7. __________ (be) lots of Americans teaching English in her country. Sara said, “Yes, that’s true. There are more American teachers now than there 8. __________ (be) five years ago, but they are mostly in cities. My family lives in the country.”
Personally I 9. __________ (prefer) the country to the city. I like the life there. It’s so quiet, peaceful and beautiful. If I 10. __________ (teach), I would teach in the country.
真题链接
On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in what is now northwestern Wyoming. They __________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. (2024全国甲卷)
“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. (2024新课标II卷)
These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays closed ... Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse __________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. (2024新课标I卷)
Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I __________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. (2023全国乙卷)
The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, __________ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. (2023全国乙卷)
As a little girl, I __________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. (2023新高考II卷)
In the last five years, Cao __________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. (2022全国甲卷)
To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place ... The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society __________ (address) the opening ceremony. (2022全国乙卷)
The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. (2022新高考I卷)
The GPNP __________ (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”. (2022新高考I卷)
Henry __________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. (2022新高考II卷)
He quickly __________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. (2022新高考II卷)
As it __________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. (2021北京)
There __________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years. (2021北京)
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 __________ (consider) healthy. (2021浙江)
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain _________ (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. (2021浙江)
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It __________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). (2021全国甲卷)
We __________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all the way around the Xi’an City Wall. (2021全国甲卷)
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it __________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. (2021新高考I卷)
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to __________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company representative wrote back and told me ... (2021新高考II卷)
Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were born, more food __________ (need). (2020年7月浙江)
By about 6,000 BC, people __________ (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. (2020年7月浙江)
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with the rise of science, changes began. New methods __________ (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. (2020年7月浙江)
The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. (2020全国Ⅰ卷)
The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 __________ (be) 30. (2020年1月浙江)
Because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________ (construct). (2020全国Ⅰ卷)
参考答案
模拟试题
I. 单句语法填空
have eaten 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：但随着时间的推移，你享用过的其他所有餐食的记忆开始干扰你对那一顿特别的晚餐的记忆。分析句子成分可知，“you _____ (eat) since then”为省略that的定语从句；根据定语从句中的“since then”以及主句中的谓语动词start可知，应用现在完成时；再根据定语从句中的主语you可知，应用have eaten。故填have eaten。
have performed / have been performing 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：费城交响乐团的执行总监瑞安·弗勒表示：“自1973年我们首次访华以来，我们一直在演奏《茉莉花》”。分析句子成分可知，所填词为谓语动词；主语为We；且时间状语为“since our first visit in 1973”。故填have performed / have been performing。
had become 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到了商朝时期，这些符号已经发展成为一套完善的书写系统。分析句子成分可知，空处为句中谓语动词。根据句子的主语“these symbols”与句中的时间状语“By the Shang Dynasty”可知，应用过去完成时。故填had become。
has helped 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这位建筑师已经帮助翻新了慕田峪地区约20户家庭。分析句子成分可知，空处为谓语动词，句子的主语为“the architect”，句中的时间状语为“Over the years”，因此应用现在完成时。故填has helped。
have valued 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：几千年来，中国人民一直珍视着三、四甚至五代同堂的大家庭。分析句子成分可知，空处为谓语动词；句子主语为“Chinese people”，且句子中的时间状语为“For thousands of years”，应用现在完成时。故填have valued。
comes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：每个元素都是以60年为周期循环的。分析句子成分可知，空处作谓语，主语为“Each element”，且此处描述客观事实。故填comes。
has grown 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为谓语动词；主语为“this day”，是单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；时间状语为“over the years”，应用现在完成时。故填has grown。
began 考查谓语动词的时态。句意：中国书法的发展始于迄今发现的最早的中国文字的出现。分析句子成分可知，空处为谓语动词；再根据“alongside the earliest Chinese characters discovered to date”可知，时态为一般过去时。故填began。
accounted 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：根据新华社的一篇报道，2022年，Z世代占中国潮流商品消费者的74％，而中国潮流产品的搜索量在过去十年增加了五倍。分析句子成分可知，空处为句中的谓语动词，句子的主语为“Gen Z”；再根据时间状语“in 2022”可知，时态为一般过去时。故填accounted。
covers 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语“The museum”为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；且此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。再结合句意可知，主语“The museum”和谓语cover构成主动关系，表示“博物馆占地/覆盖……面积”。故填covers。
has attracted 考查动词的时态。句意：该项目在最近几周引起了广泛关注，并有了庞大的粉丝基础。根据时间状语“in recent weeks”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has attracted。
focuses 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语“the documentary movie”是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填focuses。
reported 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。根据时间状语“In the 1940s”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填reported。
has set 考查动词的时态。句意：中国的邻国日本已经把8月4日定为筷子节。根据时间副词already可知，句子要用现在完成时；主语“China’s neighbor”是第三人称单数，助动词要用has。故填has set。
have known 考查动词的时态。句意：中国人自古以来就知道绿茶的益处。根据时间状语“since ancient times”可知，设空处用现在完成时。故填have known。
expanded 考查动词时态。句意：整个北宋时期，朝廷不断扩展沼泽地，形成了一道蜿蜒曲折的“水上长城”。设空处作谓语，根据“Throughout the Northern Song Dynasty”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填expanded。
has remained 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着时间的推移，白洋淀一直坚定地履行着从储存洪水到调节气候的重要生态作用。根据时间状语“Over time”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为“Baiyangdian Lake”，助动词用has。故填has remained。
became 考查动词的时态。句意：在宋代，放风筝成了一种时尚。根据上文“In the Song Dynasty”可知，应用一般过去时。故填became。
is 考查动词的时态。句意：倪强调，科学教育不仅仅是高科技教育。虽然主句为一般过去时，但宾语从句中描述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语“scientific education”为单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。故填is。
became 考查动词的时态。句意：中国唐朝时期，佛教十分盛行，迫切需要制作大量佛经。根据“During the Tang Dynasty”可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填became。
have met 考查动词的时态。句意：然而，直到现在，我在学习中遇到了各种各样的困难。此空为句子的谓语，根据时间状语“until now”可知，此处应用现在完成时，meet与主语I之间为主动关系。故填have met。
compared 考查动词的时态。句意：2014年，科学家们将北极熊的基因结构与来自温暖气候的近亲棕熊的基因结构进行了比较。根据上文“In 2014”可知，叙述过去发生的事，为一般过去时。故填compared。
has continued 考查动词的时态。句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知，这一文明一直延续到现代。分析句子结构可知，后半句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，该从句中“持续”这一动作发生在过去，持续到现在，故此处应用现在完成时；先行词civilization作“文明”讲，为不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故填has continued。
have chosen 考查动词的时态。句意：据《赫芬顿邮报》报道，美国有超过三百万人都是纯素食主义者。在过去的十年间，英国大约有54.2万人选择了素食。根据时间状语“over the past decade”可知，句子应用现在完成时。故填have chosen。
has seen/have seen 考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，数以万计的私营企业和数百个著名品牌应运而生。分析句子结构可知，“The past four decades”是句子的主语，它作主语时，既可以理解为一个整体，单数概念，也可以理解为复数概念，所以谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式，另外，根据句意可知，此处表示“过去的四十年见证了……”，该动作从过去一直持续到现在，所以用现在完成时。故填has seen/have seen。
would buy 考查动词的时态。句意：他们决定一旦拉里换了工作，他们就买个新房子。that引导的从句为复合句，其中once引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，故主句用过去将来时。故填would buy。
had experienced 考查动词时态。此题考查固定句式“This was the first time that sb. had done sth.”，因此从句用过去完成时。故填had experienced。
are teaming 考查动词的时态。句意：目前，科技巨头苹果公司和谷歌公司正在合作开发一个系统，可以让智能手机用户知道他们是否接触了新冠肺炎患者。根据时间状语at present可知，句子叙述现在正在发生的情况，因此应用现在进行时be doing，表示现阶段正在进行的动作；主语“Tech giants”是复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。故填are teaming。
was 考查动词的时态。句意：在20世纪50年代，它还是一个贫穷的地区，那里的所有东西都很廉价。根据时间状语“In the 1950s”可知，设空处应用一般过去时。故填was。
was 考查动词的时态。句意：他说他所希望的是，微笑会使他轻松地到达终点线。主句是一般过去时，设空处是宾语从句的谓语，表示过去的情况，时态应该和主句保持一致，需用一般过去时。故填was。
found 考查动词的时态。句意：然后，它在一家餐馆外面的垃圾箱里找到一些食物，开始吃起来。根据本句中的另一个谓语动词started（一般过去时）可知，设空处应用一般过去时。故填found。
had tasted 考查动词的时态。句意：考虑到来自那些品尝过他的炸鸡的人的正面反馈，这位老人决定他不会安于平静的退休生活。设空处表示的行为先于got（一般过去时），表示“过去的过去”，因此需用过去完成时。故填had tasted。
needed 考查动词的时态。句意：在那个时候，大教堂尽管历史悠久，藏宝众多，但需要一位作家的帮助才能真正出名。根据时间状语“At that time”可知，本句应用一般过去时。故填needed。
had stood 考查动词的时态。句意：它并非唯一一片面临危险的主要森林。当人类开始耕种时就已经存在于世界上的森林，现在几乎一半都消失了。所填单词作定语从句的谓语。根据句意可知，此处应该用过去完成时。故填had stood。
meant 考查动词的时态。句意：虽然这曾经是一种外出享受生活的方式，但由于智能手机和许多其他现代化的便利设施的出现，现在更多的人留在了室内。根据once“曾经”可知，此处需要用一般过去时。故填meant。
had begun 考查动词的时态。句意：在爱迪生12岁的时候，他已经开始谋生了。根据时间状语“By the time he was twelve”可知，主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时态。故填had begun。
is put/has been put 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：问题是，某样东西一旦被放到互联网上，就很难删除。句子主语something为第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词put之间是被动关系，结合句意可知，此处用一般现在时或现在完成时的被动语态都可以。故填is put/has been put。
are playing 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，该空填谓语动词，同时该句在引号里面，全句都用现在范畴的时态，而“all the time”又提示他们大部分人一直都在玩游戏。all the time与现在进行时连用表示说话人的一种情感，此处表示Pettit的不满情绪。故填are playing。
wore 考查动词的时态。根据句子结构可知，此处所填单词作谓语，和后面的谓语动词ate构成并列成分，因为ate是一般过去时，故此处应该用动词的过去形式。故填wore。
sought 考查动词的时态。句意：三年前，他在洛杉矶市中心很大的帐篷城——康复中心寻求帮助。根据“Three years ago”可知，句子应用一般过去时。故填sought。
II. 语篇语法填空
Passage 1
is 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染很严重。本句讲的是现在的情况，需用一般现在时；主语为“Ocean pollution”。故填is。
harms 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染物严重危害海洋生物。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时。主语为Pollution。故填harms。
are filled 考查动词的语态。句意：结果，它们的肚子里塞满了来自瓶子、容器和海滩玩具的塑料。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时。主语“their bellies”与fill为被动关系。故填are filled。
causes 考查动词的时态。句意：海洋污染对人类也会构成威胁。本句讲的是客观情况，需用一般现在时。主语为“Ocean pollution”，与cause为主动关系。故填causes。
be poisoned 考查动词的语态。句意：此外，人们会吃可能被石油泄漏导致的有害化学物质和海水中的垃圾污染的鱼。句中which引导的是定语从句，先行词为fish，与poison为被动关系。故填be poisoned。
Passage 2
is 考查动词的时态。句意：Sara的英语很好。设空处表示现在的状态，需用一般现在时。故填is。
learnt/learned 考查动词的时态。句意：我想知道她怎么学的。learn在本句中表示过去的行为，用一般过去时。故填learnt或learned。
visited 考查动词的时态。句意：当去年我拜访她家人的时候，似乎没有多少人能用英语和我说话。根据“last year”可知，此处用一般过去时。故填visited。
seemed 考查动词的时态。句意：当去年我拜访她家人的时候，似乎没有多少人能用英语和我说话。根据“last year”与上下文语境可知，需用一般过去时。故填seemed。
are 考查动词的时态。句意：那是因为他们很害羞。他们不习惯和外国人交谈。根据“they are shy”可推知，本空也需要用一般现在时。故填are。
had learnt/learned 考查动词的时态。句意：虽然我已经学了10年的英语，但当我第一次来到美国时，我对和这里的人交谈真的很紧张。“learn English for 10 years”这一动作先于“came to the US”发生，由此可知，空处表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had learnt/learned。
were 考查动词的时态。根据主句谓语动词thought可知，空处应用过去的某种时态，空处的be与thought之间不存在先后关系，所以空处用一般过去时。故填were。
were 考查动词的时态。句意：现在的美国教师比五年前多，但他们大多在城市。根据“five years ago”可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填were。
prefer 考查动词的时态。句意：就我个人而言，我更喜欢乡村，而不是城市。这里表示的是现在情况，用一般现在时，且主语是第一人称。故填prefer。
taught 考查动词的时态。此处是对现在事实的假设，if从句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填taught。
真题链接
were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，在那里度过了近五个令人惊叹的星期，目睹了那里的自然美景。分析句子成分可知，空处为句中谓语，句中主语为They；且本句接着上句叙述过去的事，应用一般过去时。故填were。
were 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子谓语，主语为“Some of the things”，是复数概念，且根据上下文语境可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填were。
walks 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，丝绸之路花园周围的温室巧妙地引领游客踏上一段旅程，使他们深切感受到古丝绸之路的深远影响。正是在这条古老的贸易之路上，丝绸、香料以及众多植物品种首次被引入英国。分析句子成分可知，空处为句中谓语，句子主语为“the Silk Route Garden”；再根据上文中的动词open和stays可知，时态为一般现在时。故填walks。walk sb through sth“（循序渐进地）帮助，引导”。
was amazed 考查动词的时态和语态。根据空后的介词by可知，主语I与动词amaze之间为被动关系，再根据该句中的“was able to”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was amazed。
means 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，主语为development，是第三人称单数，且整句陈述的是现在的情况，谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填means。
wished 考查动词的时态。此处表示当我还是一个小女孩时，我希望长大后成为一个动物园饲养员，表示过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填wished。
has walked 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据空前的“In the last five years”可知，该空应用现在完成时。主语Cao是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has walked。
addressed 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据语境可知，“致开幕词”是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填addressed。
were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少定语从句中的谓语动词，先行词是areas，应用be动词的复数形式；空后有时间状语previously（以前，先前），应用一般过去时。故填were。
is designed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，因主语“The GPNP”与动词design之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子陈述的是现在的状态，应用一般现在时；主语为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
was fixing 考查动词的时态。句意：听到喊叫时，亨利正在修车。根据空后的“when he heard the screams”可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
threw 考查动词的时态。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出双臂跑了起来。根据句子结构可知，设空处与空后的started是并列关系，应该使用一般过去时。故填threw。
connects 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，此处是在解释大脑运转的方式，应该用一般现在时。故填connects。
has been 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知，主句应该用现在完成时。故填has been。
is considered 考查动词的语态。根据句意可知，介于18和25之间的体质指数被认为是健康的。体质指数BMI和谓语动词consider之间构成被动关系，故此处应该用被动语态。另外，该句是在陈述客观事实，应该用一般现在时。故填is considered。
was 考查动词的时态。根据上句介绍的时间段可知，本句接续上句，介绍的依然是1985年到2017年（过去的时间段）的情况，应该用一般过去时。故填was。
was built 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，这里介绍的是过去发生在唐朝的情况，所以应该用一般过去时；另外，主语It是第三人称单数，和谓语动词build构成被动关系。故填was built。
hired 考查动词的时态。根据下文语境可知，这里在讲述过去发生的事情，因此应用一般过去时。故填hired。
was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语it是第三人称单数，时间状语是then。故填was。
was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词wrote以及上下文语境可知，这里描述发生在过去的事情，空处应用一般过去时；“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故填was。
was needed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：而且，由于更多的孩子出生，就需要更多的食物。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语“more food”和谓语动词need之间构成被动关系，且主语“more food”是不可数名词。故填was needed。
had discovered 考查动词的时态。句意：到公元前六千年，人们已经发现了最好的可种植的农作物和最好的可饲养的动物。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且根据时间状语“By about 6,000 BC”可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
meant 考查动词的时态。句意：新的方法意味着更少的人从事农业工作。此处所填单词作句子的谓语，且根据上文语境及后面宾语从句中的worked可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填meant。
touched 考查动词的时态。句意：嫦娥四号无人探测器——其命名是从中国古代的一位月亮女神那里得到的启发——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。根据时间状语“last week”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填touched。
was 考查动词的时态。句意：1950年美国人年龄的中位数是30岁。所填单词作句子的谓语，且根据时间状语“in 1950”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was。
is constructed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球构造的信息。此处所填单词作宾语从句的谓语，同时表示被动关系；且此处描述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is constructed。