Unit 8 Natural disasters知识点+语法+任务型+首字母练习（无答案）牛津译林版八年级上册

Unit 8 Natural disasters
重点短语： 输了决赛 _____________________________________________________ 杀死成千上万的人 _____________________________________________________ 感到轻微的晃动 _____________________________________________________ 听到雷鸣般巨大的响声 _____________________________________________________ 四面八方 _____________________________________________________ 尽早，尽快 _____________________________________________________ 遵守交通规则 _____________________________________________________ 和某人合用一把伞 _____________________________________________________ 听到风在吹 _____________________________________________________ 清理街道上的雪 _____________________________________________________ 从...跑出来 _____________________________________________________ 开始做某事 _____________________________________________________ 找到出路 _____________________________________________________ 使某人自己安全远离... _____________________________________________________ 在黑暗中慢慢地向前移动身体 _____________________________________________________ 在...之后不久 _____________________________________________________ 保护自己免受浓烟（的伤害） _____________________________________________________ 烧/烫伤自己 _____________________________________________________ 用...盖住烫伤 _____________________________________________________ 由于（做）某事 _____________________________________________________ 21.如果你不跟我回家，谁将把水擦干呢？______________________________________________________________ 22.那儿遭遇了一场电闪雷鸣的大暴雨。________________________________________________________________ 23.起初，我感到一阵轻微的晃动。____________________________________________________________________ 24.接着我听到了一声像打雷一样的巨响。______________________________________________________________ 25.外面，碎玻璃和碎砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。________________________________________________ Comic strip Didn't you hear the rain 难道你没有听见雨声吗 教材P92 【解析】本句是否定疑问句，表示惊讶或不快等。 句式为“情态动词/助动词/be动词与not的缩略形式+主语+谓语+其他 " 表示“难道……不/没有……吗 " 【例】___________ it a fine day today 难道今天的天气不晴朗吗 ___________ you come a little earlier 难道你不能早一点来吗 【练】"这是无烟区。难道你不能看见这个标志吗 " "哦，对不起。我没有看到它。" -This is a _______________ zone. _________________________ the sign -Oh, sorry. I didn't see it. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you 如果你不跟我回家，谁将把水擦干呢 (教材P92) 【知识点】mop _____ 意为“用拖把擦干净” 现在分词____________ 过去式____________ mop up意为“擦干净”，属于“动词+副词”结构的短语，代词作其宾语时，必须放在mop与up___间。如：【例】There is some water on the table. __________________, please.桌子上有一些水。请把它擦干净。 【拓展】mop _____ 意为“拖把”。如：We ______________________ this morning. 今天早上我们买了一个新拖把。 【练】-The floor is dirty. Can you ________ Jill -Of course, I can. mop up it B. mop it up C. mop them up D. mop up them Welcome to the unit Earthquake kills thousands of people 地震造成数千人丧生 (教材P93) 【知识点】thousand 数词 意为“千” 用法和billion(十亿), million (百万), hundred(百)的用法一样。 当这几个数词前有______的____数词，如one, two, three等时，____能用复数形式，后面也不能跟of; 如果这些数词前没有基数词，就要用___数形式，而且后面必须跟____,表示____确切的数目。 hundred__ of 数百个的...,成百上千的... thousand__ of 数千个的...,成千上万的... million__ of 数百万的...,无数的... billion__ of 数十亿 【例】There _________________________________ workers in this company. 这家公司有4000名工人。 There ____________________________ stars in the sky. 天空中有无数颗星星。 _____________________ students are having sport in the playground. 数百名学生正在操场上进行体育活动。 Flood washes away village 洪水冲走了村庄 (教材P3) 【知识点1】wash away意为“冲走”，为“动词+副词”结构短语 代词作宾语时，要放在wash和away___间；名词作宾语时，放在中间或away之后都可以。如： 【例】The flood washed away his house last month. = The flood washed his house away last month. 【拓展】wash ____ 意为“洗，洗涤” wash sth. (_____ sb.) 意为“(为某人)洗某物” The little cat _____________________ its face now. 小猫咪现在正在洗脸。 【知识点2】village ____ 意为“村庄，乡村” 复数形式为village__ 【例】There is a river ________________________________. 村庄周围有一条河。 【拓展】villager ____ 意为“村民” Some of the __________________ the little boy find the way home. 一些村民助这个小男孩找到了回家的路。 All the v_____________ living conditions have changed greatly in recent years. Reading At first, I felt a slight shake. 起初，我感到一阵轻微的晃动。 (教材P94) 【知识点】shake ____ 意为“摇动，震动” He gave the small tree _______________. 他摇了摇那棵小树。 【拓展】shake ____ 意为“摇动，震动” 过去式___________ shake one's head shake hands with sb. 【例】We usually shake hands when we meet someone for the first time. 当我们初次与某人见面时通常握手。 2. People screamed in fear. 人们惊恐地尖叫。 (教材P94) 【知识点】fear ____ 意为“害怕，恐惧” in fear意为“恐惧地，害怕地”，通常在句中作状语。 【例】She feels ___________________. 她不觉得害怕。 The little boy said nothing. He just cried _________________. 那小男孩什么也没说。他只是害怕地哭了。 【拓展】与in fear类似的的短语 in _________ 有序地 in __________ 惊奇地 in __________ 在困境中 in __________ 处境危险 in __________ 有需要的 in __________ 在使用中 3. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，碎玻璃和碎砖块纷纷掉落下来，人们四处逃散。 (教材P94) 【知识点】direction ____ 意为“方向” in all directions = in _________ ____________ 意为“四面八方” 【例】The boys ran in all directions after class. 下课后男孩们四处跑。 【拓展】direction ____ 意为“用法说明”，常用___数形式；意为“指导”，作___可数名词。 You should read the _______________________ before you open it. 在打开它之前你应该先阅读一下说明。 I try to ___________ them with ___________________ and help. 我尽力给他们提供指导和帮助。 4. It was dark and silent around me. 我的周围又黑暗又寂静。 (教材P94) 【知识点】silent ____ 意为“寂静的” 在句中可作定语和表语。 【例】The large house was ________________________. 这栋大房子偏僻而寂静。 【拓展】____________ n. 意为“寂静；沉默” in silence 意为“寂静地；沉默地” They look at each other _________________. 他们沉默地看着对方。 ____ 10 a.m. ____ December 6. 2022, pepole all over China stood __________________ to mourn Jiang Zemin. 5. I could not see anything at all, and I did not know if anyone else was near me. 我什么也看不见，也不知道我附近是否有其他人。 (教材P94) 【知识点1】not ... at all 意为“一点也不” not与助动词或情态动词连用，表示否定 【例】I _________________ eating fish __________. 我一点也不喜欢吃鱼。 【拓展】"Not at all. "单独使用时，意为“不用谢。” 用于交际用语中，回答他人的道谢。如： -Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。 -Not at all. 不用谢。 【知识点2】if 连词 意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。 【例】Do you know _____ it ___________ in winter in Australia 你知道澳大利亚冬季是否下雪吗 I wonder ____ you can help me. 我想知道你是否能帮助我。 【拓展】if 连词 意为“如果，假如”，引导条件状语从句。 在含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用一般______时，从句用一般_____时。【______原则】 ____________________ tomorrow, ______________ with you. 如果我明天有空的话，我会和你一起去。 I felt nervous and my heart was beating fast. 我感到紧张不安，心跳得很快。 (教材P94) 【知识点】beat ____ 过去式__________ 常有以下用法： (1)不及物动词，意为“(使)规律作响，作节奏运动”，指心脏、脉搏等的跳动。如： I felt my heart ____________ faster. 我感觉我的心脏跳得更快了。 (2)及物动词，意为“打；敲；打败；战胜”。如： He beat his son for ___________. 因为撒谎，他打了他儿子。 She ________ me at chess. 她下棋赢了我。 In yesterday’s game, Germany b__________ Japan five to zero. 在昨天的比赛中，德国以5比0击败了日本。 "I'm trapped, "I said to myself. 我自言自语道：“我被困住了。” (教材P94) 【知识点1】trapped _____ 意为“困住的” be trapped 意为“被困住” 【例】They were trapped on an island. 他们被困在一个岛屿上。 【练】The mountain c____________ w_________ t_____________ on the half way to the top. 【知识点2】say to oneself 意为“心里想；暗自思忖；自言自语” 【例】"I must study hard," she ______________________________. 她心里想：“我必须努力学习。” "A miss is as a good as a mile," I often ____________________________. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我仍然活着。 (教材P94) 【知识点1】mind ____ 意为“头脑”，也可表示“内心；心思；想法”，如： 【例】They're both beautiful. I can't _______________ my mind. 它们两个都很漂亮。我难以决定。 You should keep the address ________________. 你应该将地址记在心中。 【拓展】mind构成的常用短语：________ in mind记在心中 never mind没关系 ___________ one's mind改变某人的想法 ______________ one's mind _________ 下定决心去做 【知识点2】calm ____ 意为”(使)平静，(使)镇定” calm down 意为“冷静” 【例】___________________ and tell me what happened. 冷静下来，告诉我发生了什么事。 【拓展】calm ____ 意为“平静的；镇定的” _____ 意为“平静，安静” ___________________ when you _______________________. 当你处于危险时要保持冷静。 I enjoy the ________ of a fall evening. 我享受秋日夜晚的宁静。 【知识点3】alive ____ 意为”活着的” be alive意为“活的”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限 【例】His dog is _________, but his cat is __________. 他的狗死了，但他的猫还活着。 They ____________________________________ after the earthquake. 地震过后他们能活着实属幸运。 【拓展】alive live living alive__________用于____/动植物，强调有______,作表语、宾语补足语，不能作前置定语live__________用于动植物;也表示“现场直播的”，只作前置定语living__________用于____/动植物，作前置定语、表语
【练】The old lady stayed ____________ luckily after the strong earthquake. His grandfather tied his best to keep the trees _________ but it died in the end. I was safe. 我安全了。(教材P94) 【知识点】safe ____ 意为“安全的” 反义词______________ 意为“危险的” 【例】You should keep the money __________________________. 你应该把钱放在一个安全的地方。 【拓展】____________ n. 意为“安全” ______________ adv. 意为“安全地” People should pay attention to food _____________. 人们应该关注食品安全。 10. Timmy was asleep when the earthquake started. 当地震发生时，蒂米正在睡觉。 (教材P96) 【知识点】asleep ____ 意为“睡着的”，常作表语，不能作前置定语 fall asleep 意为“入睡”，表示_______ be asleep 意为“睡着”，表示_______ 【例】He __________________ and ______________________ soon. 他感到疲倦，很快就睡着了。 【拓展】 asleep sleepy sleep asleep____ _____________指睡眠________，作表语，不能作前置定语sleepy____ ________,_______指有睡意，但没有睡着，作定语或表语sleep____ _____________指一个事实情况
【练】The baby is _______________________. 那个婴儿睡得正香。 Look at the ____________ child. 看那个昏昏欲睡的孩子。 Most people usually ___________________ eight hours a day. 多数人通常一天睡八个小时。 The movie was so boring that I __________________ half way through it. Grammar 1. Sandy, I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road. 桑迪，我看见你和你的父母站在路边。(教材P97) 【知识点】see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事” 【例】I saw him __________________ football in the playground just now. 我刚才看到他正在操场上踢足球。 【比较】see sb. doing sth. 与see sb. do sth. see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人_____做某事” 强调看到的动作______进行 see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事” 强调看到的是动作自始至终的___过程或者______性的动作 【练】I saw some people _____________ when I passed the park. 我经过公园时看到一些人正在慢跑。 I often see Fiona _________ in the next room after school. 放学后我经常看到菲奥娜在隔壁房间跳舞。 My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather. 因为寒冷的天气，我爸爸的车坏了。(教材P97) 【知识点1】break down 意为“(车辆或机器)出故障，坏掉” break _____ 意为“损坏；打破” 【例】The machine __________________ at the busy hour. 正忙的时候，机器坏了。 He ____________ the window. 他打破了窗户。 【拓展】break的其他含义及用法： ____ 意为“打断；违反；打破(纪录)" break the silence打破寂静 break a law 违反法律 break a record打破纪录 ____ 意为“休息”，相当于rest have/take a break休息 【练】The phone rang and ____________ my thought. 电话铃响了，打断了我的思路。 We have ______________________ between two classes. 在两节课之间我们有十分钟的休息时间。 【知识点2】because of 意为“因为；由于” 短语介词，其后可接名词(短语)、代词或______词形式。 【例】He walked slowly because of ____________________. 他因为年龄大了行走缓慢。 【比较】because 连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。如： We had to stay at home because it ______________________ yesterday. 我们不待在家里，因为雨下得很大。 Integrated skills Try to get out as soon as possible. 设法尽快逃出去。(教材P99) 【知识点】as ... as possible 意为“尽可能...” = as ... as one can 根据需要，在两个as之间可使用不同______/______ as soon as possible 意为“尽早，尽快” = as _______ as one can 【例】I will give you a call as __________ as ___________. 我将尽快给你打电话。 ______________ the bus, I ran as q_________ as possible yesterday. 昨天为了赶上公共汽车，我尽可能跑得快。 2. Cover the burn with a clean towel. 用一条干净的毛巾捂住烫伤的地方。(教材P100) 【知识点】burn _____ 意为“烧伤，烫伤，灼伤”，可数名词。 He had two X-ray ________ on the back. 【拓展】burn _____ 意为“燃烧；烧着；烧毁” 过去式________/__________ 后接名词或代词作宾语。 The cigarette _______________________ the paper. 香烟把纸烧了个洞。 Study skills compound words 合成词: 通常是把两个或两个以上的单词合并到一起，组成一个表示单独概念的词。 大多数合成词的意义可以从词面上看出来。英语合成词有的连写，有的用连字符连接，有的会分开写。 常见的几类合成词：(1)合成名词 (2)合成动词 (3)合成形容词 (4)合成副词 headache头痛 (教材P101) 【知识点】headache _____ 意为“头痛” 由“head + ache"构成的复合名词 have a bad headache头痛得厉害 【拓展】英语中表达“身体某部位疼痛”时，常用“身体部位+ache"构成复合词。如： tooth + ache- toothache牙痛 back + ache- backache背痛 Task I nearly fell over. 我差点掉倒了。 (教材P102) 【知识点】nearly ____ 意为“几乎，将近” not nearly意为“远非，绝不是” 【例】It's nearly ten o'clock. 差不多十点钟了。He fell off a tree and _______________. 他从树上摔下来，几乎丧命。 【拓展】almost与nearly 两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词，副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可互换， 且两者都可用在动词的否定形式之前。如： It's almost/nearly impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。 He almost/nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。 He almost/nearly didn't catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。 almost在接近程度上比nearly更强，可用于any及no, none, nobody, nothing, never等表示否定意义的单词之前， nearly一般不这样用。 Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。 Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加聚会。 I heard the noise of traffic the next morning. 第二天早上我听到了车辆的嘈杂声。(教材P102) 【知识点】the next morning 意为“第二天早上” 以______某一时间为准，表示“第二天早上”用the next morning 表示第二天”用the next day 常与一般_______时或过去将来时连用，这种情况多用于间接引语； 以______时间为准，表示“第二天早上”用_______________ morning 与一般将来时连用 【例】He said we would start off __________________ morning. 他说我们将于第二天早上动身。 Jack returned home _______________________. 杰克第二天返回了家。 3. People were trying to clear the snow from the streets. 人们正在努力清除街道上的雪。 (教材P102) 【知识点】clear _____ 意为“清除，清理”，强调的是“除后”的“清” clear up 意为“打扫，整理” 【例】She _________ a little space on her desk for a cup of coffee. 她在书桌上腾出了一点空间用来放一杯咖啡。 - It's _____________________ the table. 该轮到你收拾桌子了。 -OK. I'll do it. 好的。我会做的。 Past continuous tense过去进行时 (1)过去进行时的概念:过去进行时表示在过去某个时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。 (2)过去进行时句型的构成:主语+______/________+动词的______分词+其他。 (3)常用的表示过去的时间状语: 过去进行时可与表示过去的时间状语连用，如： at that time, at 8:00 yesterday evening等； 也可与表示过去的时间状语从句连用，如： when I saw him, while he was walking等。如： They were having a meeting at that time. 那时他们正在开会。 We were playing in the playground at tour yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我们正在操场上玩。 2. Using "when" "while" and "as" 使用when, while和as (1) when意为“当 …的时候” 既可指时间____，又可指时间____，从句中的谓语动词既可用______性动词，又可用______性动词。 从句中的动词可表示______，也可表示______。 从句中的动作可与主句的动作_______发生，也可在主句动作之前或之后发生。 while意为“在...的时候，和...同时” 指一个时间____，从句中的谓语动词必须是_____性动词， 强调主句的动作与从句的动作______发生或主句的动作发生在从句的动作过程____。 当主句的动作发生在从句较长久动作的过程中时，可以用when, while或者as; 在谈论两个_______进行的长久动作时常用while; 当从句中的谓语动词为be动词时，多用when和while;当主从句动作先后发生时，用when,不能用while.如： I came to this school _______/________ I was 14 years old. 当我14岁时，我来到了这所学校。 _________ I saw Tom , he was talking with a friend of his. 当我看见汤姆的时候，他正和他的一位朋友说话。 He was reading books ________ his brother was playing computer games. 当他弟弟在玩电脑游戏的时候，他在看书。 _________ we were walking in the street, an accident happened. 当我们在街上走的时候，一起事故发生了。 _________ she finished her homework, she went to bed. 当她做完家庭作业，她就去睡觉了。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“当...的时候” 有“随着…”之意，与while意义相近， 强调两个动作_____发生，或某事一发生，另一件事______发生。如： He ate popcorn as he watched the film. 他一边看电影，一边吃爆米花。 I was startled as he opened the door. 他一开门，我吓了一跳。 任务型阅读 When you are talking with a friend, you sometimes try to change his or her mind. But it is very possible that you find it hard. Here are some tips you can try. First of all, please don’t change your talk into a quarrel at any time. It is better to show the ideas and facts. By showing facts, you show that you are right. Secondly, don’t say “You’re wrong”. If you think someone is wrong, a better way to point it out is to use “may/might be wrong”, not “you are wrong”. This opens up the door for both of you to talk about your ideas. It shows that you’re open to new ideas. Thirdly, get the other people to say yes. You may begin talking about the things he or she like. A small talk like this will make it easier for your friend to accept you and then they will be more open to your ideas. It makes you two trust each other. And don’t forget to let the other person talk enough. By listening to them talk carefully, you show that you really care about what they think. This will earn respect(尊重) and trust. So when it’s your turn to talk, they’ll listen. In a word, you should respect others all the time when you don’t agree with each other. And, don’t feel down if your friend isn’t willing to change. A gentleman gets along with others, but doesn’t necessarily agree with them, right 1 to change a friend’s mindIt may be hard to change your friends’ mind. But you can try. Some 2 Never change your talk into a quarrel. You can show that you are right with 3 .Don’t say “You’re wrong”. Use “may/might be wrong” 4 of it. Then the door for both of you to 5 your ideas will be open.Begin with the other person’s 6 . Your friend will accept you more 7 . It can build trust. 8 to let others talk enough, and you should listen to them carefully. Then they are 9 to listen to you when you talk.Conclusion 10 respect others. Don’t feel down if your friend doesn’t change.
首字母填空 Dave is my friend. His family is rich. His parents always g_________1 him lots of pocket money. But Dave thinks his parents work very h_________2 and it’s not easy for them, so he always tries his best to save money. He has some good w________3 to do it. Dave likes r_______4. He has lots of books. He tells me he often buys books online, because they’re c________5. And when he has free time，he often goes to bookstores or libraries to do some reading. Dave has a bike．He usually goes to school by bike i________6 of taking a bus．Sometimes w________7 it rains or snows, he walks．These two ways help Dave keep h_______8 and save some money. Dave brings a bottle of water to school every day．When other students drink juice, he e________9 his water．He thinks water is the cheapest but the best drink. Some students think Dave is mean(吝啬). But I don’t think s________10. I think he is right. What do you think of him 错题订正:__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 生词积累:__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 固定搭配:__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 好词好句:__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________