第 01 讲 细节理解题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 4
知识点 3 高分技巧 5
考点二 直接信息题 6
考点三 间接信息题 7
考点四 数字计算题 10
考点五 细节排序题 12
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 15
2.命题演练 17
近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目
年份 卷别 题号
新高考 I 卷 21、22、23、24、25、30、 32、 33、 34
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、 34
2024 全国甲卷 22、23、24、25、28、30、 32
浙江卷 1 月 21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、34
新高考 I 卷 21、23、24、26、28、33
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35
2023
全国甲卷 21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34
全国乙卷 21、23、24、28、30
浙江卷 1 月 21、22、23、30、31、33、34
新高考 I 卷 22、25、26、27、32、33
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34
全国甲卷 21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35
2022
全国乙卷 21、22、23、24、26、32、33、34
新高考 I 卷 21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32
2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
整体分布：新高考阅读理解的命题形式中，细节理解题所占相对比例占阅读理解题总量的 60％左右，
占比最高，是最重要的得分点。
设问方式：对文中具体信息进行提问，涉及与主题相关的事实或细节，或就原文中的数字进行提问。
以特殊疑问词 who,when,where,which,why,what,how many/much 等，重在考查对文章的某一细
节或事实的理解。
难度分析：细节理解题有时比较直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有时有时需要归纳、概括和推理才
能答题。分析近几年高考英语阅读试题中细节题由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或
反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查内容：涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定
义类的细节。 常见细节理解题命题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题。
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 例句
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围 以偏概全或以全概偏。
正确选项特征 例句
如 lose one’ job 替换为 out of occupation; fortnight 换为 two weeks; dozen 替换
同义替换
为 twelve 等。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括
信息归纳
和归纳能力
知识点 3 高分技巧
1. 高考英语阅读逻辑细节理解题可以采用“先题后文法”。仔细阅读题目和选项。在阅读题目和选项时，
要注意关键词和细节信息。
2. 原文定位时，要寻找与题目相关的线索，但线索不一定是题干中的原词。可以是近义词、同义词、原
词甚至是反义词，也可以是具体的数字、日期、地点或作者的观点、态度等。
3. 在阅读时，可以使用下划线、标记符合、圈出等方式，将文章中的关键信息和细节部分标注出来，以
便更准确高效的理解文章。
4. 考生在快速阅读文章从文中获取某些特定的信息时，要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不
能主观臆断。5. 关注原文高频命题点：
1. 举例和比喻处常考
2. 列举、排比处常考
3. 指示代词出现处常考
4. 引用人物观点处常考
5. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考
考点二 直接信息题
第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；
第二步：查找原文对应关键词，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，找出与原文重叠的选项意义但不一定是原词。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 B 篇）
...
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became
interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing
drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved
after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying
the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that
he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So,
after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种
古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病
人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber 作为患者从针灸
中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选 C。
【答案】C
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy
your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at
1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午 1 点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开
始。故选 D。
【答案】 D
考点三 间接信息题
间接细节题相比直接细节题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。考查综合细
节题的体裁常为记叙文、说明文或议论文，涉及人与社会、人与自我和人与自然三大主题语境。
常考类型：
①同义转述类：为了增加迷惑性，出题人有时会利用同义词、近义词甚至反义词等对题干或正确答案进行
转换。
②数字计算类：此类题要求考生对表示时间、数量等的数字信息进行加工，重在考查考生对具体细节信息
的处理能力，故试题涉及的计算相对简单。
③综合细节类：此类试题涉及一段内的多个信息点或多段内容且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到。考生要
具备一定的概括或归纳能力才能正确作答。
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
高频同义转换（名词类）
achievement=recognition feature=characteristics
approach=way=method=means luggage=baggage=package
career=occupation manners=etiquette
circumstance=environment=atmosphere material=resource
creation=innovation novel=fiction
comment=remark=review(make a comment origin=pioneer
on)data=statistics option=choice=selection
colleague=coworker personality=character
direction=discipline=guideline rule=regulation=principle
essay=passage=article=text Realize=come true
experiment=trial stress=pressure
gratitude=appreciation
高频同义转换（动词类）
book=reserve=order ignore=turn one’s back to
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve please=amuse=entertain
conduct=carry out preserve=protect
delay=put off=postpone ruin=destroy=damage=violate
declare=announce=inform give=supply=provide=offer
divide=separate=part with overuse=abuse
document=record reject=refuse=turn down=decline
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur receive=accept
guarantee=ensure see=observe=notice=spot
improve=promote search=explore
connect=link=relate=associate remove=get rid of
explode=blow out admire=appreciate
discourage=frustrate possess=own
rent=hire decide=determine=resolve to do
prove=turn out get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty daring=brave
attentive=focused extra=additional
original=initial glad=pleased=delighted
final=eventual touched=moved
obvious=evident=Striking significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
accurate=exact accessible=available=at hand
outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive appropriate=proper=suitable
authentic=true=genuine appealing=attractive
thrilling=frightening immediately=quickly=at once=in
thrilled=excited rarely=hardly=seldom
average=ordinary=common=universal approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
time-honored=has a long history complex=complicated
dull=boring safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous head into=leave for
places of interest=tourist attraction arrive at=reach=get to=approach
result in=lead to=contribute to in spite of=despite
be accustomed to=be used to doing from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need try doing=attempt to
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from be filled with=be charged with=be full of
join in=take part in=participate in prefer to do A rather than do B
=involve in=be engaged in prefer A to B
get ready for=be prepared for prefer doing A to doing B
focus on =concentrate on run into=come across
transform A into B=turn A into B take the place of=replace
in the long term=in the long run come into effect=put...into practice/use
in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point from time to time=once in a while
hold on to=insist be caught in=be trapped in
take action=take measures=take steps to consist of =be made up of
keep in touch with=contact for a moment=for a while
in some respect=to some degree=at some point a collection of =a series of
deal with=cope with=handle with=address figure out=find out
at the same time=meanwhile bright up=light up
on the spot=on the scene roll around=turn up
be proud of=take pride in give...a lecture=deliver a speech
as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval
section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即
使天气不好也要工作。故选 B 项。
【答案】B
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 B 篇）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A
ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he
got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why
can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination
of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call
an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
【解析】间接信息题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around
his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants
and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the
messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。
例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用
来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to
observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat
cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某
些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选 C。
【答案】 C
考点四 数字计算题
数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。数字计算题一般会涉及
时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必
须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这
类题的关键。设问方式以 when，in which year，how many/much 等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”
法。
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工.试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考
生对具体信息的处理能力。
第一步：锁定题干关键词如：数字、时间、年代、费用等。
第二步：迅速在原文中定位相关数据或事实，读懂相关句子的真正含义。
第三步: 进行推算，得出结论，核对选项。
提示：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过仔细的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval
section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎 10 岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参
加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是 10 岁。故选 B 项。
【答案】 22. B
典例 2.（2023 全国乙卷 C 篇）
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged
them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just
under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much
more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in
cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries
about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys
to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to,
and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比
以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是 33%左右
的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选 D 项。
【答案】D
变式训练【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】
Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes
This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our workshop
stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy.
Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up staff. They are
conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny material and you will be well
rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy classes are offered to both beginners and
advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side
Comedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club
Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube
Fees:
If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks or credit cards.
Your instructor: Becky Veduccio
Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up comedy in New
York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and feature films. And she
competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent.
Her film works include Return to Me, Maid in Manhattan and Random Hearts. As a writer, she was chosen as one of
’s top five “Favorite Mommy Bloggers” for her humorous articles on the website. In 2015, she won the New York
Press Club Award for humorous writing. As an instructor, Becky has taught stand-up comedy to every age group — from
elementary school kids and teenagers to university students and adults. She believes everyone has a comedic voice.
2. How much will a returning student save on the fee
A. $10. B. $50. C. $60. D. $80.
【解析】细节理解题。根据 Fees 部分中“If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350. (如果你是新
生：410 美元。如果你是老生：350 美元。)”可知，老生可以节省 60 美元的学费。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
考点五 细节排序题
第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；
第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；
第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。
解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和
句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
典例 1.
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which
stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so
decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I
knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said
that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all
children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the
hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only
for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his
blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events
①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm's heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是 Colm's heart stopped，而最后一件事是 Izzy kicked Colm，故
选 B。
【答案】B
典例 2.（2023 年湖北高三华中师大一附中校考）
With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners
in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s
cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health
conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of
tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess
additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most
kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the
collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for
processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2
weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was
purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks
or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA
testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【解析】顺序排列题。根据第三段“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得 DNA 检测
试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子)
kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the
kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should
be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once
received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary
depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed
composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall
well-being and quality of life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将
拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公
司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要 1-2 周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。
根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基
因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做 DNA 检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试
类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选 A。
【答案】B
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
......
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or
a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known
as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some
are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the
Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning
stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I
absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
【答案】 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满
足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost 认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对 BART的未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。
【5 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长
度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故
事。故选 B 项。
【6 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a
contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk
and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost 最
近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选 A 项。
【7 题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the
rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的
交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost
认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART 可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选 D 项。
2.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 C 篇）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and
covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon
Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
......
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
【答案】8. C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF)
shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦
微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选 C。
3.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 D 篇）
......
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same
page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an
extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking,
followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being
sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最
后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation,
will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的
思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智
能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选 C 项。
4.（2023 年新高考 II 卷）
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following
are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this
quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching
experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans
allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while
learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special
place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and
creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验
野生动物（5 月 26 日至 9 月 2 日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林
匹克运动会（6 月 5 日至 8 月 21 日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在 Artist Point 的峡谷会谈
（6 月 9 日至 9 月 2 日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6 月 19 日和 7 月 10 日）)”可
知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选 D。
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·湖南长沙·三模）“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy
truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What Are you in a rush or something ”
I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so
between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast.
What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me
I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was
angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had
just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there
was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.
I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and
looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for
him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our
order, I had an idea.
“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth
paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out
hate.
1．Why was the driver angry with the author
A．Her car cut in. B．She held up his truck.
C．Her car stopped suddenly. D．She screamed at him.
2．What was the author’s final decision
A．She taught her kids a lesson. B．She apologized to the driver.
C．She paid for the driver’s food. D．She gave the cashier some advice
【答案】1．B 2．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在驾车排队等待时，遭到后方司机的无理指责，作者虽然一度愤怒，但最
后选择了以善意回应恶意的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!(‘嘿，女士！你现在可以把你的丑车往前
挪挪了！’)”和第二段“There were only 12 inches or so between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional
cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast. What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me (我的车前面大概只有 12
英寸左右的空间，那辆车前面还有三辆其他的车。我们几乎一动不动。他冲我大吼大叫，到底希望得到什么好处？)”可知，
司机对作者生气是因为她阻碍了他的车子，尽管实际上前面的车都几乎没动，而作者与前车的距离只有 12 英寸左右，并
没有造成阻碍。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our order, I had
an idea.(当我和孩子们慢慢走向取货窗口为我们的订单付款时，我有了一个主意。)”和文章最后一段“I heard how rude that
man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth paying for,” the cashier said to
me. (‘我听说那个人对你有多粗鲁，我想向你道歉，因为我不得不忍受他。他不值得为他付钱，’收银员对我说。)”可知，
作者最后决定为那位粗鲁的司机支付早餐费，这是她对事件的最终回应。故选 C。
2.（24-25 高三·山西大同·阶段练习）For a long time, I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my
“heart books”. To qualify for a place on the shelf, a book had to be not only one I loved, but one that mattered. There was one
book that never made it onto that shelf, though I read it in high school: Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg.
I can still remember the day I bought it. It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15. Desperate to get out of my house, I
rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore. I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I
picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it. Then I took it with me to a park, read the first few chapters, and opened my
notebook to write.
It’s a fairly straightforward writing book. Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic, set a timer, and write for 10, 15,
or 20 minutes without picking up your pen. Free writing, timed writing, writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing
class may have encountered these things. There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it
attracted me so much. But it changed everything. I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer.
During my teen years and early twenties, following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity. No matter where I
was or what I was doing, I filled notebooks. When I eventually started writing fiction, I did the same thing. The “I” in my
notebooks became someone else, but I held to the same practice.
This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to
myself. Becoming a writer allowed me to become so many other things: an activist, a business owner, a farmer, a baker... Writing
is where I found my confidence. It was where I became curious about the world. From that, everything else has followed.
3．What can we learn about Writing Down the Bones from the first two paragraphs
A．It was among the list of “heart books”.
B．It was recommended by her teacher.
C．The author encountered it in a bookstore.
D．The author treasured it on her book shelf.
4．What does the author think of Goldberg’s method
A．Unique and innovative. B．Ordinary and normal.
C．Direct and typical. D．Attractive and inspiring.
5．What did the author do while writing
A．She strictly followed Goldberg’s writing steps.
B．She wrote on her notebook whenever possible.
C．She kept practicing through different methods.
D．She imagined many characters in her fictions.
【答案】3．C 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。这篇文章主要讲述了作者在高中时读过的《Writing Down the Bones》一书，以及它对作者
成为作家和发现自我的重要影响。通过这本书，作者培养了写作的习惯，进而发展出了自己的创作方式，并通过写作找
到了自信和对世界的好奇心。最终，成为作家的经历使作者能够成为其他许多身份的人，如活动家、企业家、农民、烘
焙师等。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Desperate to get out of my house, I rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore. I
was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it.”（不顾一切
地想离开我的房子，我骑着自行车进城，走进书店。我在翻阅书架上关于写作的书时，这本书引起了我的注意。我拿起
它，读了几页，就买了下来）可知作者是在书店遇到这本书，故选 C。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic, set a timer, and write for 10, 15, or 20
minutes without picking up your pen. Free writing, timed writing, writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing class
may have encountered these things. There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it attracted
me so much.”（Goldberg 的方法很简单：你选择一个主题，设定一个计时器，然后写 10、15 或 20 分钟，不停下笔。自由
写作，定时写作，写作主题：任何参加过创意写作课的人可能都遇到过这些。这本书没有什么特别新颖或不寻常的地方，
所以我不能说为什么它如此吸引我。）可知，作者认为 Goldberg 的方法是普通和正常的。故选 B。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter where I was or what I was doing, I filled notebooks. When I eventually started
writing fiction, I did the same thing.”（无论我在哪里，无论我在做什么，我都在记笔记。当我最终开始写小说时，我也做
了同样的事情）可知，作者在写作时只要有可能就会写笔记。故选 B。
3（. 2024·河南郑州·三模）My husband made a little two-story house that mirrored our own in color and design for our Little
Free Library, while I carefully selected books from our shelves. The idea struck us immediately-instead of loading boxes into the
car for yet another used book sale, we could simply walk them to the roadside.
Fifteen or so years later, it’s safe to say that thousands of books, as well as the occasional DVDs, CDs and jigsaw puzzles
have been shared through our little library. Located on a busy street just a few blocks from a subway station, our little library sees
dozens, perhaps hundreds, of passers-by each day.
Many of those who use our library do not hesitate to share their love of this neighborhood resource. One gentleman
regularly stops by to pick up books for a nearby retirement home. At other times, we have received cards and gifts, including
chocolates and even a personalized sketch (素描) from a local artist.
Like the people who use our library, the books that come and go reflect the broad diversity of our city. Arabic, French and
Russian books are the large part among the dominant English-language books. I have even collected favorite books of mine in
languages I don’t understand, simply for the joy of adding another edition to my collection. Surprisingly, our library hasn’t solved
our book storage problem-if anything, we now have more books than ever before.
I have heard some complaints that Little Free Libraries do not always serve the purpose of building community and may
compete with our public libraries and independent bookstores. This has not been our experience. We continue to buy more books
than we need and we are fiercely loyal users of the public system. Our Little Free Library has enhanced our love of reading and
has connected us to a community of book lovers in the heart of our busy neighborhood.
6．Why did the author and her husband build the Little Free Library
A．To prepare for used book sales. B．To make friends with book lovers.
C．To deal with their unwanted books. D．To make use of community resources.
7．How has the Little Free Library impacted the community
A．It has strengthened neighborhood connections.
B．It has become a meeting place for local artists.
C．It has weakened public libraries to some degree.
D．It has promoted the rise of independent bookstores.
【答案】6．C 7．A
【导语】本文的为一篇记叙文。文章通过叙述作者和她丈夫建立小型免费图书馆的经历，以及这个图书馆如何成为社区
中人们分享图书、增强邻里联系的平台，展现了社区文化生活和人际互动的一个温馨场景。
6．细节理解题。由文章第一段中的“My husband made a little two-story house that mirrored our own in color and design for our
Little Free Library, while I carefully selected books from our shelves. The idea struck us immediately-instead of loading boxes
into the car for yet another used book sale, we could simply walk them to the roadside. (我丈夫为我们的免费小图书馆做了一座
两层的小房子，颜色和设计都和我们的一样，而我则仔细地从书架上挑选书籍。我们立刻想到了一个主意——与其把箱
子装进车里去卖旧书，不如直接把它们送到路边。)”可知，作者和她的丈夫建立这个小型免费图书馆是为了处理他们不再
需要的书籍。故选 C。
7．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Our Little Free Library has enhanced our love of reading and has connected us to a community
of book lovers in the heart of our busy neighborhood. (我们的免费小图书馆增强了我们对阅读的热爱，并将我们与繁忙社区
中心的图书爱好者社区联系起来。)”可知，这个小型免费图书馆增强了社区的联系，让邻里之间的书友联系在了一起。故
选 A。第 01 讲 细节理解题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 4
知识点 3 高分技巧 5
考点二 直接信息题 5
考点三 间接信息题 6
考点四 数字计算题 9
考点五 细节排序题 11
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 12
2.命题演练 14
近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目
年份 卷别 题号
新高考 I 卷 21、22、23、24、25、30、 32、 33、 34
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、 34
2024 全国甲卷 22、23、24、25、28、30、 32
浙江卷 1 月 21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、32、33、34
新高考 I 卷 21、23、24、26、28、33
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35
2023
全国甲卷 21、22、23、26、27、28、30、32、34
全国乙卷 21、23、24、28、30
浙江卷 1 月 21、22、23、30、31、33、34
新高考 I 卷 22、25、26、27、32、33
新高考 II 卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34
全国甲卷 21、22、23、24、25、26、29、30、33、34、35
2022
全国乙卷 21、22、23、24、26、32、33、34
新高考 I 卷 21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32
2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
整体分布：新高考阅读理解的命题形式中，细节理解题所占相对比例占阅读理解题总量的 60％左右，
占比最高，是最重要的得分点。
设问方式：对文中具体信息进行提问，涉及与主题相关的事实或细节，或就原文中的数字进行提问。
以特殊疑问词 who,when,where,which,why,what,how many/much 等，重在考查对文章的某一细
节或事实的理解。
难度分析：细节理解题有时比较直接，在文中直接可以找到信息，有时有时需要归纳、概括和推理才
能答题。分析近几年高考英语阅读试题中细节题由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或
反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
考查内容：涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定
义类的细节。 常见细节理解题命题包括直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题和细节排序题。
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 例句
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围 以偏概全或以全概偏。
正确选项特征 例句
如 lose one’ job 替换为 out of occupation; fortnight 换为 two weeks; dozen 替换
同义替换
为 twelve 等。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概括
信息归纳
和归纳能力
知识点 3 高分技巧
1. 高考英语阅读逻辑细节理解题可以采用“先题后文法”。仔细阅读题目和选项。在阅读题目和选项时，
要注意关键词和细节信息。
2. 原文定位时，要寻找与题目相关的线索，但线索不一定是题干中的原词。可以是近义词、同义词、原
词甚至是反义词，也可以是具体的数字、日期、地点或作者的观点、态度等。
3. 在阅读时，可以使用下划线、标记符合、圈出等方式，将文章中的关键信息和细节部分标注出来，以
便更准确高效的理解文章。
4. 考生在快速阅读文章从文中获取某些特定的信息时，要求考生务必忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，不
能主观臆断。5. 关注原文高频命题点：
1. 举例和比喻处常考
2. 列举、排比处常考
3. 指示代词出现处常考
4. 引用人物观点处常考
5. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考
考点二 直接信息题
第一步：速度题干，定位题干关键词如时间、地点、人物等细节；
第二步：查找原文对应关键词，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，找出与原文重叠的选项意义但不一定是原词。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 B 篇）
...
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became
interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing
drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved
after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying
the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy
your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
考点三 间接信息题
间接细节题相比直接细节题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。考查综合细
节题的体裁常为记叙文、说明文或议论文，涉及人与社会、人与自我和人与自然三大主题语境。
常考类型：
①同义转述类：为了增加迷惑性，出题人有时会利用同义词、近义词甚至反义词等对题干或正确答案进行
转换。
②数字计算类：此类题要求考生对表示时间、数量等的数字信息进行加工，重在考查考生对具体细节信息
的处理能力，故试题涉及的计算相对简单。
③综合细节类：此类试题涉及一段内的多个信息点或多段内容且各个细节信息都能在文章中找到。考生要
具备一定的概括或归纳能力才能正确作答。
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
高频同义转换（名词类）
achievement=recognition feature=characteristics
approach=way=method=means luggage=baggage=package
career=occupation manners=etiquette
circumstance=environment=atmosphere material=resource
creation=innovation novel=fiction
comment=remark=review(make a comment origin=pioneer
on)data=statistics option=choice=selection
colleague=coworker personality=character
direction=discipline=guideline rule=regulation=principle
essay=passage=article=text Realize=come true
experiment=trial stress=pressure
gratitude=appreciation
高频同义转换（动词类）
book=reserve=order overuse=abuse
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve reject=refuse=turn down=decline
conduct=carry out receive=accept
delay=put off=postpone see=observe=notice=spot
declare=announce=inform search=explore
divide=separate=part with connect=link=relate=associate
document=record explode=blow out
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur discourage=frustrate
guarantee=ensure rent=hire
improve=promote prove=turn out
ignore=turn one’s back to remove=get rid of
please=amuse=entertain admire=appreciate
preserve=protect possess=own
ruin=destroy=damage=violate decide=determine=resolve to do
give=supply=provide=offer get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty time-honored=has a long history
attentive=focused dull=boring
original=initial daring=brave
final=eventual extra=additional
obvious=evident=Striking glad=pleased=delighted
accurate=exact touched=moved
outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
authentic=true=genuine accessible=available=at hand
thrilling=frightening appropriate=proper=suitable
thrilled=excited appealing=attractive
average=ordinary=common=universal immediately=quickly=at once=in
rarely=hardly=seldom complex=complicated
approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous arrive at=reach=get to=approach
places of interest=tourist attraction in spite of=despite
result in=lead to=contribute to from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
be accustomed to=be used to doing try doing=attempt to
meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need be filled with=be charged with=be full of
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from prefer to do A rather than do B
join in=take part in=participate in prefer A to B
=involve in=be engaged in prefer doing A to doing B
get ready for=be prepared for run into=come across
focus on =concentrate on take the place of=replace
transform A into B=turn A into B come into effect=put...into practice/use
in the long term=in the long run from time to time=once in a while
in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point be caught in=be trapped in
hold on to=insist consist of =be made up of
take action=take measures=take steps to for a moment=for a while
keep in touch with=contact a collection of =a series of
in some respect=to some degree=at some point figure out=find out
deal with=cope with=handle with=address bright up=light up
at the same time=meanwhile roll around=turn up
on the spot=on the scene give...a lecture=deliver a speech
be proud of=take pride in draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
head into=leave for in favor of=favorable
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval
section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷 B 篇）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A
ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he
got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why
can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination
of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call
an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
考点四 数字计算题
数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。数字计算题一般会涉及
时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必
须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这
类题的关键。设问方式以 when，in which year，how many/much 等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”
法。
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工.试题的重点不在于计算,而在于考查考
生对具体信息的处理能力。
第一步：锁定题干关键词如：数字、时间、年代、费用等。
第二步：迅速在原文中定位相关数据或事实，读懂相关句子的真正含义。
第三步: 进行推算，得出结论，核对选项。
提示：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过仔细的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval
section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
典例 2.（2023 全国乙卷 C 篇）
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged
them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just
under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much
more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in
cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries
about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys
to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
变式训练【2023·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中】
Welcome to our stand-up comedy classes
This is the workshop where beginners have grown into headliners and headliners have grown into stars. Our workshop
stresses stand-up comedy writing and performing — the two key components of stand-up comedy.
Our classes are conducted by award-winning, comedy director and writer Stephen Rosenfield and his stand-up staff. They are
conducted so that when it’s time for your club performance, you will have solidly written, funny material and you will be well
rehearsed and ready to perform beyond your expectations. These stand-up comedy classes are offered to both beginners and
advanced students. The workshop consists of group classes, private coaching sessions and a performance at Gotham or West Side
Comedy Club.
Seats available: 2
Start date: May 17th
In-person show: May 20th at Gotham Comedy Club
Live streamed show: May 22nd on YouTube
Fees:
If you are a first time student: $410. If you are a returning student: $350.
We accept cash, checks or credit cards.
Your instructor: Becky Veduccio
Becky has been a professional comedian, writer and actress for over 15 years. She has performed stand-up comedy in New
York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and London. Besides, she has appeared in commercials, theater and feature films. And she
competed in the 2018 season of America’s GotTalent.
Her film works include Return to Me, Maid in Manhattan and Random Hearts. As a writer, she was chosen as one of
’s top five “Favorite Mommy Bloggers” for her humorous articles on the website. In 2015, she won the New York
Press Club Award for humorous writing. As an instructor, Becky has taught stand-up comedy to every age group — from
elementary school kids and teenagers to university students and adults. She believes everyone has a comedic voice.
2. How much will a returning student save on the fee
A. $10. B. $50. C. $60. D. $80.
考点五 细节排序题
第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；
第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；
第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。
解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和
句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
典例 1.
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which
stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so
decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I
knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said
that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all
children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the
hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only
for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his
blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events
①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm's heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
典例 2.（2023 年湖北高三华中师大一附中校考）
With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners
in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s
cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health
conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of
tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess
additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most
kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the
collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for
processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2
weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was
purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks
or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA
testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
......
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or
a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known
as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some
are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the
Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning
stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I
absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
6. What has Trost been doing recently
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.
C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
2.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 C 篇）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and
covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon
Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
......
8. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
3.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 D 篇）
......
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same
page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an
extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking,
followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
4.（2023 年新高考 II 卷）
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following
are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this
quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching
experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans
allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while
learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special
place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and
creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·湖南长沙·三模）“Hey, lady! You can move your ugly car up now!” The silver-haired driver behind me in a fancy
truck rudely yelled at me. Without much thought, I yelled back at the man, “What Are you in a rush or something ”
I was waiting in line at the drive-through to order our breakfast on a Sunday morning. There were only 12 inches or so
between me and the car in front of me. There were also three additional cars in front of that one. We were getting nowhere fast.
What was he hoping to gain by yelling at me
I wanted to let my own anger go after this ridiculous exchange. But the more I thought about it, the angrier I got. I was
angry that he yelled at a mother in front of two kids. My daughter and my son were both confused and saddened by what they had
just witnessed. We were on our way to a soccer tournament, and we had a bonus day free from school and work. Probably, there
was nothing in the world to be upset about. Then this man let his anger out.
I told my kids I was so mad that I had to roll my window up so that I wouldn’t keep yelling at this guy. Then, I stopped and
looked back. I had moved up the 12 or so inches at his “suggestion”, while he hadn’t moved an inch. Suddenly, I felt sympathy for
him. He must have been suffering in some way. As my kids and I slowly made our way to the pick-up window to pay for our
order, I had an idea.
“I heard how rude that man was to you, and I wanted to apologize to you for having to put up with that. He isn’t worth
paying for,” the cashier said to me. “My kids support me in doing that,” I answered the cashier, adding that hate cannot drive out
hate.
1．Why was the driver angry with the author
A．Her car cut in. B．She held up his truck.
C．Her car stopped suddenly. D．She screamed at him.
2．What was the author’s final decision
A．She taught her kids a lesson. B．She apologized to the driver.
C．She paid for the driver’s food. D．She gave the cashier some advice
2.（24-25 高三·山西大同·阶段练习）For a long time, I kept a selection of books on a shelf next to my bed that I called my
“heart books”. To qualify for a place on the shelf, a book had to be not only one I loved, but one that mattered. There was one
book that never made it onto that shelf, though I read it in high school: Writing Down the Bones by Natalie Goldberg.
I can still remember the day I bought it. It was summer and I must have been 14 or 15. Desperate to get out of my house, I
rode my bike into town and walked into the bookstore. I was going through the shelf of books on writing and it caught my eye. I
picked it up, read a few pages, and bought it. Then I took it with me to a park, read the first few chapters, and opened my
notebook to write.
It’s a fairly straightforward writing book. Goldberg’s method is simple: you choose a topic, set a timer, and write for 10, 15,
or 20 minutes without picking up your pen. Free writing, timed writing, writing topics: anyone who has taken a creative writing
class may have encountered these things. There was nothing particularly new or unusual about the book so I can’t say why it
attracted me so much. But it changed everything. I went from being someone who enjoyed writing to being a writer.
During my teen years and early twenties, following Goldberg’s method was at the core of my identity. No matter where I
was or what I was doing, I filled notebooks. When I eventually started writing fiction, I did the same thing. The “I” in my
notebooks became someone else, but I held to the same practice.
This writing practice led me to a writing group in Boston. It led me to my current career. It led me, in so many ways, to
myself. Becoming a writer allowed me to become so many other things: an activist, a business owner, a farmer, a baker... Writing
is where I found my confidence. It was where I became curious about the world. From that, everything else has followed.
3．What can we learn about Writing Down the Bones from the first two paragraphs
A．It was among the list of “heart books”.
B．It was recommended by her teacher.
C．The author encountered it in a bookstore.
D．The author treasured it on her book shelf.
4．What does the author think of Goldberg’s method
A．Unique and innovative. B．Ordinary and normal.
C．Direct and typical. D．Attractive and inspiring.
5．What did the author do while writing
A．She strictly followed Goldberg’s writing steps.
B．She wrote on her notebook whenever possible.
C．She kept practicing through different methods.
D．She imagined many characters in her fictions.
3（. 2024·河南郑州·三模）My husband made a little two-story house that mirrored our own in color and design for our Little
Free Library, while I carefully selected books from our shelves. The idea struck us immediately-instead of loading boxes into the
car for yet another used book sale, we could simply walk them to the roadside.
Fifteen or so years later, it’s safe to say that thousands of books, as well as the occasional DVDs, CDs and jigsaw puzzles
have been shared through our little library. Located on a busy street just a few blocks from a subway station, our little library sees
dozens, perhaps hundreds, of passers-by each day.
Many of those who use our library do not hesitate to share their love of this neighborhood resource. One gentleman
regularly stops by to pick up books for a nearby retirement home. At other times, we have received cards and gifts, including
chocolates and even a personalized sketch (素描) from a local artist.
Like the people who use our library, the books that come and go reflect the broad diversity of our city. Arabic, French and
Russian books are the large part among the dominant English-language books. I have even collected favorite books of mine in
languages I don’t understand, simply for the joy of adding another edition to my collection. Surprisingly, our library hasn’t solved
our book storage problem-if anything, we now have more books than ever before.
I have heard some complaints that Little Free Libraries do not always serve the purpose of building community and may
compete with our public libraries and independent bookstores. This has not been our experience. We continue to buy more books
than we need and we are fiercely loyal users of the public system. Our Little Free Library has enhanced our love of reading and
has connected us to a community of book lovers in the heart of our busy neighborhood.
6．Why did the author and her husband build the Little Free Library
A．To prepare for used book sales. B．To make friends with book lovers.
C．To deal with their unwanted books. D．To make use of community resources.
7．How has the Little Free Library impacted the community
A．It has strengthened neighborhood connections.
B．It has become a meeting place for local artists.
C．It has weakened public libraries to some degree.
D．It has promoted the rise of independent bookstores.
