第 02 讲 推理判断题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 4
知识点 3 高分技巧 5
考点二 逻辑推断题 5
考点三 观点态度题 7
考点四 文章出处题 11
考点五 目的意图题 13
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 15
2.命题演练 18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
年份 卷别 题数
2024 新高考 I卷 4
新高考 II 卷 4
全国甲卷 6
浙江卷 1月 1
新高考 I卷 6
2023 新高考 II 卷 7
全国甲卷 5
全国乙卷 8
浙江卷 1月 4
2022 新高考 I卷 6
新高考 II 卷 4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 5
浙江卷 1月 6
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到 4-8 题甚至以上。推理
时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常
识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
1. In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed
2. What’s the author’s attitude toward _________
3. The writer probably feels that _________.
4. What can we learn about...from the first two paragraphs
5. The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that .
6. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文
中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解
整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向
通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到 4-8 题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断
题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
1. 文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
2. 语言转折和强对比处常考
3. 对文章中心思想处常考
4. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考
5. 中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理
以细节代替推断
推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当
无中生有
成作者的观点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征 释义
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概
信息归纳
括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式 使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
知识点 3 高分技巧
1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章
取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，
更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文
章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原
文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和
作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词 infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象
征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细
节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进
行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有
等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例 1.（2024 年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
......
With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are
patterns happening and that they’re important.” “The world is going to see more and more of these ‘wicked
problems’, the ones that take multiple people with different types of training and background to solve.”
Now,a group of professors and students are working to bring together music and the environment in related
projects, such as an augmented (增强的) reality experience based on this composition. The group wants to spread
awareness about the algae blooms, data literacy (数据认知) and environmental protection.
8．What role did Heather think music plays
A．Providing solutions to the algae problem.
B．Exposing more wicked problems to the public.
C．Showing the economic growth in coastal cities.
D．Helping people experience the problems better.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your
mind and your body that there are patterns happening and that they’re important.” (她补充说，有了音乐，“你可以
开始用你的大脑和身体的不同部位感觉到有一些模式在发生，它们很重要。”)”可知，Heather 认为音乐帮助
人们更好地体验问题。故选 D。
【答案】 D
典例 2.（2024 年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
......
Another explanation for the spread of fake news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Wyatz, an American
management professor, “we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.”
So in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is
important, especially in online communities. “We should check things and not just take them at face value,”
Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.”
30．Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”
A．You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story.
B．You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so.
C．You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media.
D．You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively.
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing
opinions.(我们自然而然地更倾向于相信那些证实了我们现有观点的事情。)”可判断，D 选项“你相信一个你
总是负面评价的人的坏故事”为动机推理的典型例子。故选 D。
【答案】 D
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、
批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如
possible, impossible, seem, strange 等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是
一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判
断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
positive 积极的---negative 消极的； optimistic 乐观的---pessimistic 悲观的；
critical 批判的---approval 赞同的；
doubtful 怀疑的； disappointed 失望的；
neutral 中立的； objective 客观的；
indifferent 冷漠的；不同的； tolerant 容忍的；
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与 feel, attitude, view 等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的
标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如 but, however, yet 等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度
或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。
注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的
观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
achievement=recognition feature=characteristics
approach=way=method=means luggage=baggage=package
career=occupation manners=etiquette
circumstance=environment=atmosphere material=resource
creation=innovation novel=fiction
comment=remark=review(make a comment origin=pioneer
on)data=statistics option=choice=selection
colleague=coworker personality=character
direction=discipline=guideline rule=regulation=principle
essay=passage=article=text Realize=come true
experiment=trial stress=pressure
gratitude=appreciation
高频同义转换（动词类）
book=reserve=order please=amuse=entertain
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve preserve=protect
conduct=carry out ruin=destroy=damage=violate
delay=put off=postpone give=supply=provide=offer
declare=announce=inform overuse=abuse
divide=separate=part with reject=refuse=turn down=decline
document=record receive=accept
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur see=observe=notice=spot
guarantee=ensure search=explore
improve=promote connect=link=relate=associate
ignore=turn one’s back to explode=blow out
discourage=frustrate admire=appreciate
rent=hire possess=own
prove=turn out decide=determine=resolve to do
remove=get rid of get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty daring=brave
attentive=focused extra=additional
original=initial glad=pleased=delighted
final=eventual touched=moved
obvious=evident=Striking significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
accurate=exact accessible=available=at hand
outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive appropriate=proper=suitable
authentic=true=genuine appealing=attractive
thrilling=frightening immediately=quickly=at once=in
thrilled=excited rarely=hardly=seldom
average=ordinary=common=universal approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
time-honored=has a long history complex=complicated
dull=boring safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous arrive at=reach=get to=approach
places of interest=tourist attraction in spite of=despite
result in=lead to=contribute to from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
be accustomed to=be used to doing try doing=attempt to
meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need be filled with=be charged with=be full of
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from prefer to do A rather than do B
join in=take part in=participate in prefer A to B
=involve in=be engaged in prefer doing A to doing B
get ready for=be prepared for run into=come across
focus on =concentrate on take the place of=replace
transform A into B=turn A into B come into effect=put...into practice/use
in the long term=in the long run from time to time=once in a while
in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point be caught in=be trapped in
hold on to=insist consist of =be made up of
take action=take measures=take steps to for a moment=for a while
keep in touch with=contact a collection of =a series of
in some respect=to some degree=at some point figure out=find out
deal with=cope with=handle with=address bright up=light up
at the same time=meanwhile roll around=turn up
on the spot=on the scene give...a lecture=deliver a speech
be proud of=take pride in draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
head into=leave for in favor of=favorable
典例 1（. 2024 年河南、山西大联考）Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which revolutionized
the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans.
After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in Detroit. “That
was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,” Walsh said. The engineer
proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled.
Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t waste time. “We
designed a prototype (原型 ) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf
collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,” Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new
CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was
decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo (货物 ) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an
instant hit. “It became the cash cow of Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said.
After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The world’s best
minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the minivan, proving
good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To this day Walsh sings high praise for his
talented team.
Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those jobs. That is all I
have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning.”
What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype
A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust.(但沃尔什领导的计划却被搁置
在架子上积灰)”以及“Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新
任 CEO 李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在 Lee Iacocca 之前的 CEO 们对 Walsh 团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选
D。
【答案】D
典例 2.（23-24 高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be
done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Not mentioned.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely
praiseworthy, but much more needs to be done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is
guaranteed.(简而言之，NASA 成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的
工作，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选
B。
考点四 文章出处题
答题必备 规律答题
书刊杂志 中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的
科普杂志；
报纸类 往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络 文中常有如 www.，web, online, click, mouse 等用词。
旅游手册 提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，souvenir 等。
说明书 文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster 海报，travel brochure 旅游指南，journal 杂志，instruction 说明书,，
digest 文摘，science journal 科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例 1.（2024 年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art
galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its
practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its
engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in
innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
......
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high 15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England.
Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to
be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper.
C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook.
【解析】文章出处题。通读全文，并根据第一段“With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out
of the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.(拥有如此强
大的艺术遗产，英国在世界一流的艺术画廊中脱颖而出也就不足为奇了。这些是你需要添加到你的必游列表的画廊)”可知，
这段文本很可能摘自一本旅行指南。故选 D 项。
【答案】 D
典例 2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space
for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary
heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook.
Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic
architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university
automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
......
In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A．Culture B．Fashion C．Science D．Entertainment
【解析】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The UK is home to 26 world-ranked ...... Here are some of our must-visit libraries
across the UK.(英国有 26 所大学进入全球前 200 名。每所大学的中心都是图书馆，这是学生获取资源、吸收知识和收集思
想的空间。以下是我们在英国必去的一些图书馆)”可知，文章主要介绍了在英国必须要去的四个博物馆，可知在报纸的文
化专栏中可能找到这篇文章。故选 A。
【答案】A
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story,
to entertain readers, to share an experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（ to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make
comparisons...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例 1.（2024 年河南、山西大联考）
Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school The University of Bristol’s Science of Happiness course, which
launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical college class, the innovative course features absolutely no tests
or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the
research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy.
Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing
on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took things a step further. Their work
shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived — unless individuals practice what’s been taught
during the course for ages.
“It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health, we have to
continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior study author Professor
Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being. However, only those
who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again
two years later. This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the
class ended.
Why does Prof. Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3
A．To offer a solution. B．To make a prediction.
C．To illustrate an idea. D．To raise a question.
【解析】根据第二段“Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that...during the course for ages.(多亏了这门课
程，研究人员已经证实，教授学生有关幸福的最新科学研究，可以显著提高他们的幸福感。在这个最新的项目中，他们
更进一步。他们的研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的——除非他们长期实践课程中教授的内容。)”可知，他们的
研究表明，学生幸福感的提高最终是短暂的，除非个人长期使用课程中所教授的内容；再根据第三段“It’s like going to the
gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever.(这就像去健身房——我们不能指望上一堂课就永远保持健康)”可推
知，Hood 提到 gym 是在举例说明：要学习如何变得快乐，必须要坚持长期实践该课程所学的内容，这就像去健身房一样，
不能指望上一堂课就能永远保持健康。故选 C。
【答案】 C
典例 2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a
match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕).
During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on
Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by
security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught.
What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give a brief introduction of the event.
B．To provide background information about the match.
C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game.
D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules.
【解析】写作意图题。根据第一段中“Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer
legend Lionel Messi during a match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained(逮捕).(北京警方周五表示，周四在北京举行的一
场比赛中，一名中国球迷跑到球场上拥抱足球传奇人物莱昂内尔·梅西，他已被拘留。)”可知，本段的主要目的是对事件
进行简要介绍。故选 A 项。
【答案】A
变式训练（23-24 高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhaps true to say therefore, that the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each
candidate but to make a guess at the things that are hard to measure, such as personality, character and social ability.
Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants for jobs, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview
well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.
Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful (自夸的 ) direct and straightforward in their
questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who
interview badly tend to be either very shy or over-confident. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either
over-polite or a bit rude.
The purpose of the last paragraph is to indicate ________.
A．a link between success in interview and personality
B．connections between work abilities and personality
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in personal behavior
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful (自夸的)
direct and straightforward in their questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic
and optimistic. Candidates who interview badly tend to be either very shy or over-confident. They either talk too little or never
stop talking. They are either over-polite or a bit rude. (面试成功的候选人往往安静自信，但在提问和回答时从不自夸、直接和
坦率；开朗友好，但从不过分亲昵；真诚热情乐观。面试表现不佳的应聘者要么非常害羞，要么过于自信。他们要么说
得太少，要么说个不停。他们要么过于礼貌，要么有点粗鲁。)”可推知，最后一段的目的是指出面试成功和性格之间的联
系。故选 A。
【答案】 A
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
......
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to
put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional
five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a
chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be
right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if
the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has
grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能
是对的:自 1982 年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从 30 个增加到 700 多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受
欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从 30 个增加到 700 多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证
明法伯的观点。故选 A。
2.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many
of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or
a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known
as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
......
Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get
a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco
Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金
山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官 Alicia Trost 表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得
到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART 启
动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选 C 项。
3.（2023 年新高考 II 卷 B 篇）
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants
outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They
come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and
turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根段“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认
为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新
的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选 C。
4.（2023 年新高考 II 卷 C 篇）
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a
21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To
serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes
written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is
monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的
电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提
供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选 A。
5.（2023 年全国乙卷 C 篇）
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and
ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking
to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in
some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that
TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from
meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大
厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems
that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）
可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英
国的烹饪节目具有很大的影
6.（2022 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by
the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings
missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有
在截止日期后的第 4 天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选 A 项。
7.（2023 年全国甲卷 B 篇）
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied
Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t
much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was
backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work.
C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of
six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money.
(她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商 Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年 26 岁的 Terri 就在学校放假期间陪 Derek 去上
班。一天的工作得到了 5 英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my
skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri 的祖父每天给她 5
英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选 B。
二、 命题演练
1.（2024 年浙江省杭州一模试题）
......was such a comfort when she very tentatively answered that she was OK. By this time, the ambulance was on its way,
the store had closed for the night and the other shoppers who had helped at first had left.” “We all a-greed that the woman was in
safe hands with the first aider and a nurse who had also stopped to help, so I started to make my way out of the store.”
“As I was leaving, one of the store’s employees said, ‘thank you for your kindness’”. “I was very touched by her words,
and I told her that I’d learned first aid in case something like this ever happened, and now it had. Even though the incident left me
feeling very shaken, I was glad I knew what to do to help.”
Which proverb can be applied to Diana’s actions in this situation
A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Constant dropping water wears the stone.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though the incident left me feeling very shaken, I was glad I knew what to do to
help.(尽管这件事让我感到非常震惊，但我很高兴我知道该怎么做才能提供帮助)”结合文章主要讲述了戴安娜在百货公司
购物的时候，一名顾客突发癫痫，于是戴安娜用自己学过的急救知识帮助了这名顾客。可知，戴安娜的故事告诉我们行
动比语言更响亮。故选 A。
2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）......
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers
wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove”
mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every
year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people
like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A．Skilled and observant.
B．Focused and flexible.
C．Talented and optimistic.
D．Organized and responsible.
【答案】 A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom
that looked like tiny fingers wearing off-white gloves. (在莫农加希拉国家森林，泰勒·洛克伍德(Taylor Lockwood)发现了一种
不寻常的蘑菇，看起来像戴着灰白色手套的小手指。)”可知，Taylor 在森林里发现了稀有的蘑菇品种，再结合第三段中“They
don’t come up at the same time every year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says
that’s why it’s so valuable to have people like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye. (“它们不会每年
在同一时间出现，所以有时真菌结出果实之间可能需要几十年的时间。”罗斯曼说，这就是为什么像泰勒·洛克伍德这样的
人用训练有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有价值的原因。)”可推知，Taylor 是一个有经验且善于观察的人，故选 A 项。
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novel directly to industry professionals.
Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through a series of online meetings.
To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on “How to
Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are longlisted (初选) but do not make it to the shortlist of
twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
What can the workshop help the winners do
A．Deal with the judging panel.
B．Improve their writing skills.
C．Learn about publishing process.
D．Present their novels attractively.
【答案】 17．D
【解析】推理判断题。根据 The Prize 中“To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will
receive a place in a workshop on “How to Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. (为了充分准备与出版商和代理商的会
面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加“如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会)”可知，研讨会将会教获奖者推广他们的小说。由此推
知，这会帮助他们把小说精彩地呈现出来。故选 D 项。
4. （2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Going to the gym can take time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tiresome. Most weight-related exercises
are a combination of sets and reps (组和次). In order to see any significant change from any exercise, it will probably need to be
repeated six to eight times, fora minimum of three sets, for about three months. For some, there’s nothing more boring than
endless miles spent running on a treadmill (跑步机).
But what if there were a way to relieve the tedium of exercise while still getting a good workout Luckily for us, there’s
virtual reality.
......
In paragraph l, the author mainly conveys that going to the gym__________.
A．cannot avoid being hurt B．is hard to hold on
C．makes sense in a short time D．means three months of exercise
【答案】90．B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Going to the gym can take time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tiresome.
Most weight-related exercises are a combination of sets and reps (组和次). In order to see any significant change from any
exercise, it will probably need to be repeated six to eight times, fora minimum of three sets, for about three months. For some,
there’s nothing more boring than endless miles spent running on a treadmill (跑步机).”（去健身房需要时间和精力，经常会受
伤，而且会非常令人厌倦。大多数与重量相关的练习都是一组一次的组合。为了看到任何锻炼的显著变化，它可能需要
重复六到八次，至少三组，持续大约三个月。对一些人来说，没有什么比在跑步机上无休止地跑步更无聊的了。）可推
知，在第一段中，作者主要表达了去健身房很难坚持下去。故选 B 项。第 02 讲 推理判断题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 4
知识点 3 高分技巧 5
考点二 逻辑推断题 5
考点三 观点态度题 7
考点四 文章出处题 11
考点五 目的意图题 13
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 15
2.命题演练 18
近三年阅读理解推理判断题考点细目
年份 卷别 题数
2024 新高考 I卷 4
新高考 II 卷 4
全国甲卷 6
浙江卷 1月 1
新高考 I卷 6
2023 新高考 II 卷 7
全国甲卷 5
全国乙卷 8
浙江卷 1月 4
2022 新高考 I卷 6
新高考 II 卷 4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 5
浙江卷 1月 6
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
整体分布：推理判断题是阅读理解中难度较大的题型，在高考中占比很重，经常达到 4-8 题甚至以上。推理
时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常
识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
设问方式：
1. In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed
2. What’s the author’s attitude toward _________
3. The writer probably feels that _________.
4. What can we learn about...from the first two paragraphs
5. The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that .
6. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
难度分析：推理判断题不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思，还要对文章的表面信息进行挖掘，将作者在文
中没有直接说出的意思通过对细节上的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出一定判断和推理。要在阅读理解
整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。因此难度较大。考查题型由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向
通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
考查内容：推理判断题在高考中占比很重，经常达到 4-8 题甚至以上，包括隐含意义推断题、观点态度推断
题、文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题和下文预测推断题。
高频命题点
1. 文中长复合句、特殊句型处常考
2. 语言转折和强对比处常考
3. 对文章中心思想处常考
4. 特殊标点符号后的内容常考
5. 中间人物出现引用说话从常考观点态度题
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理
以细节代替推断
推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当
无中生有
成作者的观点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
正确选项特征 释义
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，最终成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
具有概括性，用精练的语言概括原文中分散的或复杂的信息，考查考生的概
信息归纳
括和归纳能力
改变词性或语态 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
特殊句式 使用特殊句式如虚拟语气、倒装句、双重否定等增加句子理解难度。
知识点 3 高分技巧
1. 理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
2. 对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章
取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
3. 忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，
更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
4. 把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文
章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。
名师提醒：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原
文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和
作者的言外之意。
考点二 逻辑推断题
第一步：根据题干关键词 infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象
征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速明确题型
第二步：抓住关键信息去分析判断。运用翻译技巧、句子成分划分、长难句辨析等方法读懂原文信息，揣摩细
节，利用逆向思维和正向推理，根据文章结构和线索词推断隐含意义。
第三步：对文中特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，整合全文/段信息进
行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，
名师提醒：注意核对推理判断题干扰项典型特征如：主观臆断、过度推断 、以细节代替推断 、无中生有
等，正确选项常常以同义替换或正话反说的形式出现。
典例 1.（2024 年湖南省长郡中学模拟试题）
......
With music, she added, “you can start to sense with different parts of your mind and your body that there are
patterns happening and that they’re important.” “The world is going to see more and more of these ‘wicked
problems’, the ones that take multiple people with different types of training and background to solve.”
Now,a group of professors and students are working to bring together music and the environment in related
projects, such as an augmented (增强的) reality experience based on this composition. The group wants to spread
awareness about the algae blooms, data literacy (数据认知) and environmental protection.
8．What role did Heather think music plays
A．Providing solutions to the algae problem.
B．Exposing more wicked problems to the public.
C．Showing the economic growth in coastal cities.
D．Helping people experience the problems better.
典例 2.（2024 年江苏海安高级中学模拟）
......
Another explanation for the spread of fake news is “motivated reasoning,” writes Adam Wyatz, an American
management professor, “we are naturally more likely to believe things that confirm our existing opinions.”
So in a world where misleading information is common, training people to care about fact-checking is
important, especially in online communities. “We should check things and not just take them at face value,”
Sloman says. “Verify before you believe.”
30．Which of the following is an example of “motivated reasoning”
A．You post a message online that gives your personal opinion about a news story.
B．You think a university professor dishonest when everybody around you say so.
C．You search online for more information about a doubtful story on social media.
D．You trust a damaging story about someone who you always judge negatively.
考点三 观点态度题
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非就是：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、
批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如
possible, impossible, seem, strange 等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是
一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判
断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
positive 积极的---negative 消极的； optimistic 乐观的---pessimistic 悲观的；
critical 批判的---approval 赞同的；
doubtful 怀疑的； disappointed 失望的；
neutral 中立的； objective 客观的；
indifferent 冷漠的；不同的； tolerant 容忍的；
第一步：定关键词：分析题干，抓牢关键词如，主语与 feel, attitude, view 等。
第二步：文中定褒贬：从文章找出包含该信息的段落，运用“题文同序法”找出反映语境褒贬性及态度变化的
标志性词汇或句子，运用句子剖析，掌握句意，进一步做出判断，
第三步：核对细节词：牢记褒贬及中性意义的词汇，积累英美国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识。
名师提醒：重点关注文中出现表示转折意义的词句，如 but, however, yet 等,其后一般才是作者真正的态度
或意图。一般在说明文中，作者的态度时客观的或中立支持的，而在议论文中，作者的态度是多种多样的。
注意作者或文中人物的措辞分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的
观点。
高频同义转换（名词类）
achievement=recognition feature=characteristics
approach=way=method=means luggage=baggage=package
career=occupation manners=etiquette
circumstance=environment=atmosphere material=resource
creation=innovation novel=fiction
comment=remark=review(make a comment origin=pioneer
on)data=statistics option=choice=selection
colleague=coworker personality=character
direction=discipline=guideline rule=regulation=principle
essay=passage=article=text Realize=come true
experiment=trial stress=pressure
gratitude=appreciation
高频同义转换（动词类）
book=reserve=order overuse=abuse
complete = fulfill =accomplish= achieve reject=refuse=turn down=decline
conduct=carry out receive=accept
delay=put off=postpone see=observe=notice=spot
declare=announce=inform search=explore
divide=separate=part with connect=link=relate=associate
document=record explode=blow out
encourage = motivate =stimulate = spur discourage=frustrate
guarantee=ensure rent=hire
improve=promote prove=turn out
ignore=turn one’s back to remove=get rid of
please=amuse=entertain admire=appreciate
preserve=protect possess=own
ruin=destroy=damage=violate decide=determine=resolve to do
give=supply=provide=offer get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicious=tasty authentic=true=genuine
attentive=focused thrilling=frightening
original=initial thrilled=excited
final=eventual average=ordinary=common=universal
obvious=evident=Striking time-honored=has a long history
accurate=exact dull=boring
outstanding=brilliant==remarkable=distinctive daring=brave
extra=additional appealing=attractive
glad=pleased=delighted immediately=quickly=at once=in
touched=moved rarely=hardly=seldom
significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically
accessible=available=at hand complex=complicated
appropriate=proper=suitable safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead of time=in advance=previous arrive at=reach=get to=approach
places of interest=tourist attraction in spite of=despite
result in=lead to=contribute to from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view
be accustomed to=be used to doing try doing=attempt to
meet/satisfy/fulfill one’s demand/requirement/need be filled with=be charged with=be full of
prevent...from=keep...from=stop...from prefer to do A rather than do B
join in=take part in=participate in prefer A to B
=involve in=be engaged in prefer doing A to doing B
get ready for=be prepared for run into=come across
focus on =concentrate on take the place of=replace
transform A into B=turn A into B come into effect=put...into practice/use
in the long term=in the long run from time to time=once in a while
in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point be caught in=be trapped in
hold on to=insist consist of =be made up of
take action=take measures=take steps to for a moment=for a while
keep in touch with=contact a collection of =a series of
in some respect=to some degree=at some point figure out=find out
deal with=cope with=handle with=address bright up=light up
at the same time=meanwhile roll around=turn up
on the spot=on the scene give...a lecture=deliver a speech
be proud of=take pride in draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention
as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for
head into=leave for in favor of=favorable
典例 1（. 2024 年河南、山西大联考）Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which revolutionized
the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans.
After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in Detroit. “That
was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,” Walsh said. The engineer
proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled.
Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t waste time. “We
designed a prototype (原型 ) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf
collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,” Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new
CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was
decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo (货物 ) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an
instant hit. “It became the cash cow of Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said.
After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The world’s best
minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary of the minivan, proving
good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To this day Walsh sings high praise for his
talented team.
Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those jobs. That is all I
have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning.”
What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype
A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
典例 2.（23-24 高三·北京·期中）
In brief, NASA’s success in changing the course of a harmful asteroid is definitely praiseworthy, but much more needs to be
done before we can say the world’s security from some unpredictable asteroid is guaranteed.
What is the author’s attitude toward using spacecrafts to change the asteroids orbits
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Not mentioned.
考点四 文章出处题
答题必备 规律答题
书刊杂志 中心内容突出，类别变化明显。如，以人物成长经历为主题的人物传记；介绍科技新发现的
科普杂志；
报纸类 往往在文中出现日期、地点等名称。
网站网络 文中常有如 www.，web, online, click, mouse 等用词。
旅游手册 提供景点介绍或旅游路线、宾馆入住等常识或相关词汇如，souvenir 等。
说明书 文中会出现如，设备、器具使用说明；药品服用次数、数量等。
名师提醒：1.根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象。2.根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster 海报，travel brochure 旅游指南，journal 杂志，instruction 说明书,，
digest 文摘，science journal 科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。
牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
典例 1.（2024 年湖北襄阳四中模拟）
With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of the park when it comes to world-class art
galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of art, but its
practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the RA apart is its
engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art but become part of it in
innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
......
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high 15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the north of England.
Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to
be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-changing exhibitions.
Where is the text probably taken from
A．An art textbook. B．An art student’s paper.
C．A personal travel blog. D．A travel guidebook.
典例 2.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三湖南省邵东市第一中学校考）
The UK is home to 26 world-ranked universities of the top 200 globally. At the heart of each university is the library, a space
for students to access resources, absorb knowledge and gather thoughts. Here are some of our must-visit libraries across the UK.
The British Library, London
Located in London, the British Library is home to over 170 million items. The collections offer a glimpse into literary
heritage over the ages, from books to maps to manuscripts. Visitors can browse treasures including Leonardo da Vinci’s notebook.
Students with a reading pass are known to spend hours at a time in the reading rooms.
Bodleian Old Library, Oxford
Dating back to 1488, the Bodleian Old Library has three notable reading rooms. It is celebrated for its late Gothic
architecture. You may recognize the elaborately carved ceiling from scenes in Harry Potter.Students at the university
automatically get access to the library.
John Rylands Library, Manchester
......
In which column of a newspaper can the passage be found
A．Culture B．Fashion C．Science D．Entertainment
考点五 目的意图题
般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图和意图。
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（to tell a story,
to entertain readers, to share an experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to persuade, to promote...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（ to introduce, to explain, to inform, to make
comparisons...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
典例 1.（2024 年河南、山西大联考）
Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school The University of Bristol’s Science of Happiness course, which
launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical college class, the innovative course features absolutely no tests
or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studies in psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the
research team behind that class has released a new study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy.
Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific studies focusing
on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took things a step further. Their work
shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived — unless individuals practice what’s been taught
during the course for ages.
“It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health, we have to
continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior study author Professor
Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent improvement in well-being. However, only those
who continued practicing what they learned during the course reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again
two years later. This project is the first ever to track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the
class ended.
Why does Prof. Hood mention “the gym” in paragraph 3
A．To offer a solution. B．To make a prediction.
C．To illustrate an idea. D．To raise a question.
典例 2.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）
Beijing police said on Friday that a Chinese soccer fan who ran onto the field to hug soccer legend Lionel Messi during a
match on Thursday in Beijing, has been detained (逮捕).
During a friendly match between Australia and Argentina in the Workers’ Stadium in the city’s Chaoyang district on
Thursday, the fan, whose surname is Di, ran onto the field, giving a hug to his favorite footballer Messi. He was run after by
security guards but he managed to flee and high-five Argentina goalkeeper Emi Martinez before being caught.
What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give a brief introduction of the event.
B．To provide background information about the match.
C．To explain what fans should do when attending a game.
D．To warn the fans not to break the public rules.
变式训练（23-24 高三·北京·开学考试）
It is perhaps true to say therefore, that the real purpose of an interview is not to assess the assessable aspects of each
candidate but to make a guess at the things that are hard to measure, such as personality, character and social ability.
Unfortunately, both for the employers and applicants for jobs, there are many people of great ability who simply do not interview
well. There are also, of course, people who interview extremely well, but are later found to be very unsatisfactory employees.
Candidates who interview well tend to be quietly confident, but never boastful (自夸的 ) direct and straightforward in their
questions and answers; cheerful and friendly, but never over-familiar; and sincerely enthusiastic and optimistic. Candidates who
interview badly tend to be either very shy or over-confident. They either talk too little or never stop talking. They are either
over-polite or a bit rude.
The purpose of the last paragraph is to indicate ________.
A．a link between success in interview and personality
B．connections between work abilities and personality
C．differences in interview experience
D．differences in personal behavior
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
......
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to
put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional
five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a
chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be
right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
2.（2024 年新高考 II 卷阅读理解 B 篇）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many
of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or
a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known
as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
......
Why did BART start the kiosk program
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
3.（2023 年新高考 II 卷 B 篇）
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants
outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They
come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and
turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
25. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
4.（2023 年新高考 II 卷 C 篇）
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a
21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To
serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes
written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is
monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
5.（2023 年全国乙卷 C 篇）
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and
ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking
to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in
some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that
TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
Which best describes cookery programme on British TV
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
6.（2022 年新高考 I 卷 A 篇）
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by
the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings
missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
7.（2023 年全国甲卷 B 篇）
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied
Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t
much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was
backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A．For a birthday gift. B．As a treat for her work.
C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024 年浙江省杭州一模试题）
......was such a comfort when she very tentatively answered that she was OK. By this time, the ambulance was on its way,
the store had closed for the night and the other shoppers who had helped at first had left.” “We all a-greed that the woman was in
safe hands with the first aider and a nurse who had also stopped to help, so I started to make my way out of the store.”
“As I was leaving, one of the store’s employees said, ‘thank you for your kindness’”. “I was very touched by her words,
and I told her that I’d learned first aid in case something like this ever happened, and now it had. Even though the incident left me
feeling very shaken, I was glad I knew what to do to help.”
Which proverb can be applied to Diana’s actions in this situation
A．Actions speak louder than words. B．Constant dropping water wears the stone.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Where there is a will, there is a way.
2.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）......
In the Monongahela National Forest, Taylor Lockwood discovered an unusual mushroom that looked like tiny fingers
wearing off-white gloves. Upon deeper investigation, fungi researcher Amy Rossman confirmed that it was a “hazel glove”
mushroom, which is a rare find. “Mushrooms are not like plants,” Rossman says. “They don’t come up at the same time every
year, and so sometimes it can be decades between when a fungus fruits.” Rossman says that’s why it’s so valuable to have people
like Taylor Lockwood searching through the forest with a trained eye.
Which of the following best describes Lockwood according to paragraph 3
A．Skilled and observant.
B．Focused and flexible.
C．Talented and optimistic.
D．Organized and responsible.
3.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novel directly to industry professionals.
Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through a series of online meetings.
To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on “How to
Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are longlisted (初选) but do not make it to the shortlist of
twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
What can the workshop help the winners do
A．Deal with the judging panel.
B．Improve their writing skills.
C．Learn about publishing process.
D．Present their novels attractively.
4. （2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
Going to the gym can take time and effort, it often hurts, and it can be extremely tiresome. Most weight-related exercises
are a combination of sets and reps (组和次). In order to see any significant change from any exercise, it will probably need to be
repeated six to eight times, fora minimum of three sets, for about three months. For some, there’s nothing more boring than
endless miles spent running on a treadmill (跑步机).
But what if there were a way to relieve the tedium of exercise while still getting a good workout Luckily for us, there’s
virtual reality.
......
In paragraph l, the author mainly conveys that going to the gym__________.
A．cannot avoid being hurt B．is hard to hold on
C．makes sense in a short time D．means three months of exercise
