第 07 讲 连词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
【基础详单】
知识点 1 连词概述 3
知识点 2 连词命题规律 4
考点一 并列连词
知识点 1 并列、顺承关系 4
知识点 2 转折、对比关系 5
知识点 3 选择关系 6
知识点 4 因果关系 7
知识点 5 when 作并列连词 7
考点二 从属连词
知识点 1 引导名词性从句 8
知识点 2 引导状语从句 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 9
2.命题演练 10
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
新课标 II 卷 and
2024
全国甲卷 but→and(改错)
新课标 I 卷 or 分析近年高考真题可
新课标 II 卷 and 知,连词近四年在语法填空
2023
全国乙卷 and 和短文改错中就考查 14 处,
浙江 1 月 and 可见其命题热度。高考命题
语法 新课标 I 卷 and 对连词考查在语法填空中以
填空 全国乙卷 and 无提示词的形式出现;在短
、 2022 文改错中以连词错用或漏用
全国甲卷 or→and(改错)
短文 形式出现。
改错 浙江 6 月 and 并列连词考查的难点在于判
断并列连词在复杂语境中的
新课标 I 卷 and 逻辑关系;
复习目标:
新课标 II 卷 and
1. 并列连词的用法
2011 全国甲卷 but 2. 从属连词的用法
浙江 1 月 and
【基础详单】
知识点 1 连词概述
连词是一种虚词。用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质
可分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如 and, but, or, for 等
从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语
从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如 that, whether 等,引出状语从句的连词如 when, because,
since, if 等。
知识点 2 命题规律
并列连词是近年高考的必考点和易错点,主要考查其连接平衡结构、并列连词连接句子。
1. 考查 and 型并列句,连接两个并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词甚至从句等。
2. 考查 or, so, but 型并列句,前后句构成逻辑上因果关系、选择关系、转折关系。
3. 考查并列句在短文改错的用法,主要是区分前后句逻辑关系。
从属连词主要考查其在各种状语从句中的含义和逻辑关系。
考点一 并列连词
知识点 1 并列、顺承关系
表示并列或顺承关系的连词有 and(和,及,同,并), both...and...(既...又;......二者都), as well as(和,
以及,除......之外还), not only…but also…(不但......而且......), neither…nor…(既不......也不......,二者
都不)等,其中重点掌握 and 的用法:
1. 当连接三个以上并列的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加 and, 其余用逗号分开;
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固体、液体和气体是物质的三种状态。
2. 祈使句+and+陈述句相当于 if 从句+主句。and 译为“那么,就”
Work hard and you will succeed. 努力工作,你就会成功。
易错提醒:1.肯定句中表并列用 and, 否定句用 or 来代替。2.注意 not only… but also,neither...nor...连接
主语时用就近原则;3. as well as 连接主语时用就远原则。
例 1.Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of
needles and learn to knit (编织).【2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解】
加入哈佛大学本科生编织圈,用线制作绒球和流苏,或者拿起一对针并学习编织(编织)。
例 2.Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious
sportsmen.【2021·新高考 I 卷·阅读理解】
数以百万计的水禽死于贩猎猎人以及少数野心啵啵的打猎爱好者之手。
例 3.They never look laze or untidy. 【2021·新高考 I 卷·阅读理解】
他们从不看起来懒惰和邋遢。
例 4.Not only Linda but also I am good at English.
不仅琳达,我也擅长英语。
例 5. Both you and I have changed a lot in the past twenty years.
我们俩在过去二十年中改变很大。
例 5. Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.【2019·天
津卷·知识运用】
上周,艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子时,受到了热烈欢迎。
例 4. Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.【2021·浙江卷】
虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名气的园丁。
典例 1 (2024 新课标 II 卷高考真题完形填空) Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play
Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The
Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s
play was being performed.”
典例2(. 2024年河北省衡水中学高三试题)The new regulation, which came into force starting from March l,2023,
prohibits six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants ________ their growing environment.
变式训练1(. 2024年新高考 I卷阅读理解改编)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,
videos, __________ other digital records.
变式训练 2.The data is based on more than 491,000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013
__________is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years.
知识点 2 转折、对比关系
表示转折、对比关系的连词有 but(但是),yet(然而),while(然而),whereas(然而),nevertheless
(然而,不过)
易错提醒:but 不能与 although/though 连用,但可以和 yet 连用。
例1. The situation looked desperate,but they didn’t give up hope.
形势看来十分危急,但他们并没有放弃希望。
例2. You ate a lot for lunch, whereas I had just a sandwich.
你午餐吃了很多而我只吃了个三明治。
例3. I am willing, yet unable.
我心有余而力不足。
例4. Although I live alone, yet I am very happy.
=I live alone, but I am very happy.
我虽然一个人生活,但很愉快。
例5. He is fat while his sister is thin.他胖而他的姐姐瘦.
典例 1.(2024·江苏南通高三·期末)Whether it is a planner that you stick on the wall a calendar app on
your smartphone, finding an organization tool that works well for you is essential.
典例 2.(2024·陕西咸阳·三模)Behind all the high technology in this Winter Olympics is a display of Beijing's
scientific and technological innovation. Chinese people not only celebrate the athletes, celebrate the
advances in technology that connect us and make our lives better.
变式训练 1.Standing on the stage and performing can be tough, when you do it in a group, it can help
improve your sense of self as well as increase your confidence.
变式训练 2.Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ________ another result was that some traditional crops were
lost.
知识点 3 选择关系
表示选择关系的连词有 or(或者), either ... or ...(, 或者......或者......;不是......就是......) not...but..(. 不是......
而是......), or else(或者), rather than(而不是)
易错提醒:1. 在“祈使句+or...”结构中,相当于 if...not+主句“否则,要不然”,or 表示“否则”
2.either...or...;not...but..., rather than 连接主语时谓语采用就近原则。
例1. Either you or he has to go=Either he or you have to go.不是你就是他得去。
例2. Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school.
努力学习,否则你不会通过这次考试。
例3. Not Father but Mother was present at the ceremony.
不是父亲而是母亲出席了这一仪式。
例4. He prefers walking to work rather than taking the bus.
他更喜欢步行上班,而不是乘坐公交车。
典例 1.(2021 年浙江卷阅读理解】 Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the
same person making either a happy or an angry face.
典例 2(2024 年河北省邯郸高三名校试题)To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either
with wet clay ___________ with the fat from cattle.
变式训练 1.Neither the twins nor their father (be) addicted to online games at present.
知识点 4 因果关系
表示选择关系的连词有 for(因为),结构为:简单句(结果)+for 简单句(原因), so(所以),结构为:简单
句(原因 )+so+ 简单句结果)
易错提醒:1. for 引出表原因的分句只能后置,并用逗号与前面的句子隔开,主要表示推测性的原因,或
附带解释说明前一分句的情况。2. so 用于连接句子,第一个叙述原因,第二个表示结果。
例1. He was ill, so he didn’t go to school
因为他生病了,所以没有去上学。
例2. It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的。
例3. The shops were closed, so I didn’t get any milk.
商店都关门了,所以我没有买的牛奶。
典例(2020 年北京卷阅读理解)Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information
while in the app and continue learning outside of it.
知识点 5 when 作并列连词
when 可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:
1. sb was about to do sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然……
2. sb was on the point of doing sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然……
3. sb was doing sth when...某人正在做某事,这时突然……
4. sb had just done sth when...某人刚做完某事,这时突然……
例1. I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
我正在看电视,这时电话响了。
例2. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正要动身,天空突然开始下雨。
例3. I had just finished my homework when John came to me.
我刚写完作业,约翰就来找我了。
例4. We were about to get down the hill when it suddenly began to snow heavily.
我们正打算下山,就在这时,突然下起了大雪。
典例 1. (2024 年河南省高三试题)Shi Lei was cycling to work he spotted an elderly woman fell into
the icy water.
典例 2.(2024 年全国高三专项训练) I was on the point of giving up the search something caught my eye
in the bushes.
考点二 从属连词
知识点 1 引导名词性从句
引导名词性从句的从属连词有以下几类,分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词:that, whether, if, no matter
连接代词:who, whom, which, what, whatever,whoever, whomever, whichever
连接副词:when, where, how, why 等。
连接词 that 不充当句子成分,没有词义;
连接词 whether 和 if 不充当句子成分,有词义;
连接代词充当主语、宾语、表语和定语;
连接副词充当状语。
典例 1.(2024 年四川成都模拟预测)One cannot help but wonder the man was holding, when looking
up to the famous bronze standing man, in Sanxingdui, an archaeological (考古) site located in Sichuan province.
典例 2(. 2024 年四川成都模拟预测)To eat one, you have to decide to dip it in a sweet and sour sauce
first, adding an extra layer of flavor, or to enjoy it on its own, letting the roll’s own taste shine through.
知识点 2 引导状语从句
引导状语从句的从属连词有连接代词和连接副词,分别引导时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、
目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。
例1. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.(连词 if 引导条件状语从
句)
如果宠物猫饿了,它会不停地喵喵叫以吸引注意力并寻找食物。【2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解】
例2. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today.
这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。
典例 1.(2024 年江苏省镇江三模)After receiving the challenge, it took Song and her colleagues six months to
research and decide on to restore the books.
典例 2. 【2024 年全国甲卷阅读理解】 That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out
how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.(连词 why 引导名词性从句)
(名词性从句和状语从句更多知识见本专辑专题)
一、 真题实战
1. (2024 年全国甲卷改错) Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but
planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of mine.
2(. 2023 年新课标 II 卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___ to see the pandas
settle into their new home.
3.(2022 年全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
____________ cultural exchanges.
4(. 2023 年九省联考卷)He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence
has improved as well. He is happy with the improvement he sees in his students’ writing __________ in his own
writing.
5.(2020 年全国 I 卷改错)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
6(. 2020 年全国 II 卷改错)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out
of practice.
二、 命题演练
1.(2024 年福建高三期末试题)WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi province, a previously neglected 300-year-old
mansion (宅第), was incredibly restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature-
Tian jing, a narrow and tall courtyard which pulled sunlight inside, introducing elements of modern
comfort.
2(. 2024 年河南省高三阶段练习)As Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it’s neither too cold
in winter too hot in summer.
3(. 2024 年广东广州模拟试题)Fan zhongyan was not only concerned about his own personal welfare, was
firm in his desire to look after the needs of the common people.
4.(2024 年江西高三模拟试题)In each corner of the Forbidden City, lifelike dragons in various shapes can be
seen, showing not only beautiful craftsmanship, carrying deep historical and cultural meanings.
5.(2024 年江西高三模拟试题)It sheds light on the beautiful and the ugly tries to understand the
function of both.
6.(2024 年云南省昆明高三模拟试题)Representing wisdom, power, and wealth, dragons are respected and
honored in Chinese culture, which are said to scare away evil spirits and bad luck. In ancient times, when there was
no rain for a long time, people not only prayed for rain with a dragon dance, ____ prayed against insect
attacks after planting.
7.(2024 年安徽高三模拟试题)During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing
arranged the residential areas according to social classes.第 07 讲 连词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
【基础详单】
知识点 1 连词概述 3
知识点 2 连词命题规律 4
考点一 并列连词
知识点 1 并列、顺承关系 4
知识点 2 转折、对比关系 6
知识点 3 选择关系 7
知识点 4 因果关系 8
知识点 5 when 作并列连词 9
考点二 从属连词
知识点 1 引导名词性从句 10
知识点 2 引导状语从句 11
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 12
2.命题演练 13
题型 年份 卷别 考点统计 考情分析
新课标 II 卷 and
2024
全国甲卷 but→and(改错)
新课标 I 卷 or 分析近年高考真题可
新课标 II 卷 and 知,连词近四年在语法填空
2023
全国乙卷 and 和短文改错中就考查 14 处,
浙江 1 月 and 可见其命题热度。高考命题
语法 新课标 I 卷 and 对连词考查在语法填空中以
填空 全国乙卷 and 无提示词的形式出现;在短
、 2022 文改错中以连词错用或漏用
全国甲卷 or→and(改错)
短文 形式出现。
改错 浙江 6 月 and 并列连词考查的难点在于判
断并列连词在复杂语境中的
新课标 I 卷 and 逻辑关系;
复习目标:
新课标 II 卷 and
1. 并列连词的用法
2011 全国甲卷 but 2. 从属连词的用法
浙江 1 月 and
【基础详单】
知识点 1 连词概述
连词是一种虚词。用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质
可分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如 and, but, or, for 等
从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语
从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如 that, whether 等,引出状语从句的连词如 when, because,
since, if 等。
知识点 2 命题规律
并列连词是近年高考的必考点和易错点,主要考查其连接平衡结构、并列连词连接句子。
1. 考查 and 型并列句,连接两个并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词甚至从句等。
2. 考查 or, so, but 型并列句,前后句构成逻辑上因果关系、选择关系、转折关系。
3. 考查并列句在短文改错的用法,主要是区分前后句逻辑关系。
从属连词主要考查其在各种状语从句中的含义和逻辑关系。
考点一 并列连词
知识点 1 并列、顺承关系
表示并列或顺承关系的连词有 and(和,及,同,并), both...and...(既...又;......二者都), as well as(和,
以及,除......之外还), not only…but also…(不但......而且......), neither…nor…(既不......也不......,二者
都不)等,其中重点掌握 and 的用法:
1. 当连接三个以上并列的成分时,一般在最后两者之间加 and, 其余用逗号分开;
Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固体、液体和气体是物质的三种状态。
2. 祈使句+and+陈述句相当于 if 从句+主句。and 译为“那么,就”
Work hard and you will succeed. 努力工作,你就会成功。
易错提醒:1.肯定句中表并列用 and, 否定句用 or 来代替。2.注意 not only… but also,neither...nor...连接
主语时用就近原则;3. as well as 连接主语时用就远原则。
例 1.Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of
needles and learn to knit (编织).【2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解】
加入哈佛大学本科生编织圈,用线制作绒球和流苏,或者拿起一对针并学习编织(编织)。
例 2.Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious
sportsmen.【2021·新高考 I 卷·阅读理解】
数以百万计的水禽死于贩猎猎人以及少数野心啵啵的打猎爱好者之手。
例 3.They never look laze or untidy. 【2021·新高考 I 卷·阅读理解】
他们从不看起来懒惰和邋遢。
例 4.Not only Linda but also I am good at English.
不仅琳达,我也擅长英语。
例 5. Both you and I have changed a lot in the past twenty years.
我们俩在过去二十年中改变很大。
例 5. Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.【2019·天
津卷·知识运用】
上周,艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子时,受到了热烈欢迎。
例 4. Although Mary loved flowers, neither she nor her husband was known as a gardener.【2021·浙江卷】
虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名气的园丁。
典例 1 (2024 新课标 II 卷高考真题完形填空) Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play
Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The
Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s
play was being performed.”
【解析】考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯
特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson 说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何
被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”
为并列结构,用 and 连接。故填 and。
【答案】and
思维建模:遇到长难句,首先分析句子结构,挑出句子的主干就可以把握句子的大意。然后再挑出句子的
修饰成分如介词短语、从句、非谓语等分别充当什么句子成分。并关注句中的并列连词的逻辑意义即可轻
松解题。
典例2(. 2024年河北省衡水中学高三试题)The new regulation, which came into force starting from March l,2023,
prohibits six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants ________ their growing environment.
【解析】考查连词。句意:新规将于 2023 年 3 月 1 日起生效,禁止六种危害古茶树及其生长环境的行为。
分析句意可知,空处填并列连词 and 表示并列关系,ancient tea plants 与 ancient tea plants 两个名词短语并
列,作宾语。故填 and。
【答案】and
变式训练1(. 2024年新高考 I卷阅读理解改编)Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos,
videos, __________ other digital records.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处需要并列连词连接名词作介词 of 的介词宾语。句意:今天,大多数生物
多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。
【答案】and
变式训练 2.The data is based on more than 491,000 older adults who used home care between 2007 and 2013
__________is focused on people who are likely to die within the next five years.
【解析】句意:这个数据是基于 2007 年至 2013 年使用家庭护理的超过 491 000 个老年人并关注了那些极有
可能 5 年之内死去的人。设空处前后两部分是并列的谓语 is based on 和 is focused on,且此处表示并列关系,
【答案】and
知识点 2 转折、对比关系
表示转折、对比关系的连词有 but(但是),yet(然而),while(然而),whereas(然而),nevertheless
(然而,不过)
易错提醒:but 不能与 although/though 连用,但可以和 yet 连用。
例1. The situation looked desperate,but they didn’t give up hope.
形势看来十分危急,但他们并没有放弃希望。
例2. You ate a lot for lunch, whereas I had just a sandwich.
你午餐吃了很多而我只吃了个三明治。
例3. I am willing, yet unable.
我心有余而力不足。
例4. Although I live alone, yet I am very happy.
=I live alone, but I am very happy.
我虽然一个人生活,但很愉快。
例5. He is fat while his sister is thin.他胖而他的姐姐瘦.
典例 1.(2024·江苏南通高三·期末)Whether it is a planner that you stick on the wall a calendar app on
your smartphone, finding an organization tool that works well for you is essential.
【解析】考查连词。句意:无论是你贴在墙上的计划表,还是智能手机上的日历应用程序,找到一个适合
你的组织工具是至关重要的。分析句子结构可知,此处考查固定搭配:whether...or...意为“无论……还
是……”。故填 or。
【答案】or
典例 2.(2024·陕西咸阳·三模)Behind all the high technology in this Winter Olympics is a display of Beijing's
scientific and technological innovation. Chinese people not only celebrate the athletes, celebrate the
advances in technology that connect us and make our lives better.
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:中国人民不仅为运动员喝彩,也为科技进步喝彩,因为科技进步把我们联
系在一起,让我们的生活更美好。并列连词 not only…but (also)…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填 but。
【答案】but
变式训练 1.Standing on the stage and performing can be tough, when you do it in a group, it can help
improve your sense of self as well as increase your confidence.
【解析】考查连词。句意:站在舞台上表演可能会很艰难,但当你在一群人中间表演时,它可以帮助你提
高自我意识,增加你的自信。分析句子可知,可知,前半句讲述站在舞台表演有困难,后半句提到了唱歌
的好处,所以空处及后文与前文为转折关系,故填 but。
【答案】but
名师提醒:考查并列连词的句子一般都以长句形式出现,切不可心浮气躁,理清句子结构,明确逻辑关系
是解题的关键。
变式训练 2.Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ________ another result was that some traditional crops were
lost.
【解析】考查连词。句意:收成越来越大,质量越来越高,但另一个结果是一些传统作物失去了。分析句
意可知,此处上下文之间是转折关系,且有逗号隔开,故填 but/while/yet。
【答案】but/while/yet
知识点 3 选择关系
表示选择关系的连词有 or(或者), either ... or ...(, 或者......或者......;不是......就是......) not...but..(. 不是......
而是......), or else(或者), rather than(而不是)
易错提醒:1. 在“祈使句+or...”结构中,相当于 if...not+主句“否则,要不然”,or 表示“否则”
2.either...or...;not...but..., rather than 连接主语时谓语采用就近原则。
例1. Either you or he has to go=Either he or you have to go.不是你就是他得去。
例2. Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school.
努力学习,否则你不会通过这次考试。
例3. Not Father but Mother was present at the ceremony.
不是父亲而是母亲出席了这一仪式。
例4. He prefers walking to work rather than taking the bus.
他更喜欢步行上班,而不是乘坐公交车。
典例 1.(2021 年浙江卷阅读理解】 Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the
same person making either a happy or an angry face.
【解析】主干部分 researchers trained a group of 11 dogs。To distinguish 为不定式短语作目的状语。
【译文】研究人员对 11 只狗进行了训练,区分同一个人快乐或愤怒表情的图像。making either a happy or an
angry face 为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 person。either...or 连接并列的形容词作定语。
【思维建模】遇到长句时,首先找到句子的主干。再观察句子中的修饰语,并知道其意义和修饰成分,便
可轻松译出长难句。
典例 2(2024 年河北省邯郸高三名校试题)To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either
with wet clay ___________ with the fat from cattle.
【解析】分析句子结构可知,此处连接并列的介词短语。句意:为了减轻施工难度,工人们可以用湿粘土或
牛的脂肪来润滑道路。either...or...表示“或者......或者”。
【答案】or
变式训练 1.Neither the twins nor their father (be) addicted to online games at present.
【解析】考查主谓一致就近原则。句意:这对双胞胎和他们的父亲目前都没有沉迷于网络游戏。分析句意
可知,neither...nor...“既不...也不...”连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,故 be 动词依据主语 their
father“他们的父亲”使用第三人称单数。故填 is。
【答案】is
知识点 4 因果关系
表示选择关系的连词有 for(因为),结构为:简单句(结果)+for 简单句(原因), so(所以),结构为:简单
句(原因 )+so+ 简单句结果)
易错提醒:1. for 引出表原因的分句只能后置,并用逗号与前面的句子隔开,主要表示推测性的原因,或
附带解释说明前一分句的情况。2. so 用于连接句子,第一个叙述原因,第二个表示结果。
例1. He was ill, so he didn’t go to school 因为他生病了,所以没有去上学。
例2. It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了,因为到处都是湿的。
例3. The shops were closed, so I didn’t get any milk.
商店都关门了,所以我没有买的牛奶。
典例(2020 年北京卷阅读理解)Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information
while in the app and continue learning outside of it.
【译文】兰科姆训练你的大脑进行高效学习,所以你在用软件学习的过程中能吸收更多信息,不用软件的
时候也能继续学习。
【解析】本句为阅读中的长句。考查并列句,且后句中还用到了 while 引导的状语从句的省略。拆解句子结
构,明确逻辑关系即可正确理解句意。
知识点 5 when 作并列连词
when 可用作并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:
1. sb was about to do sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然……
2. sb was on the point of doing sth when...某人正要做某事,这时突然……
3. sb was doing sth when...某人正在做某事,这时突然……
4. sb had just done sth when...某人刚做完某事,这时突然……
例1. I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
我正在看电视,这时电话响了。
例2. We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正要动身,天空突然开始下雨。
例3. I had just finished my homework when John came to me.
我刚写完作业,约翰就来找我了。
例4. We were about to get down the hill when it suddenly began to snow heavily.
我们正打算下山,就在这时,突然下起了大雪。
典例 1. (2024 年河南省高三试题)Shi Lei was cycling to work he spotted an elderly woman fell into
the icy water.
【解析】考查连词。句意:石磊骑车上班时,发现一位老妇人掉进了冰冷的水中。分析句子结构可知,此
处应为固定句型“be doing…when…”意为“一件事情正在进行,这时候另外一件事情发生”,所以此处使用并
列连词 when。故填 when。
【答案】when
典例 2.(2024 年全国高三专项训练) I was on the point of giving up the search something caught my eye
in the bushes.
【解析】考查固定句型。句意:正当我要放弃搜寻时,灌木丛中有什么东西吸引了我的目光。be on the point
of doing...when...是固定句型,因此空格处是 when,故填 when。
【答案】when
考点二 从属连词
知识点 1 引导名词性从句
引导名词性从句的从属连词有以下几类,分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词:that, whether, if, no matter
连接代词:who, whom, which, what, whatever,whoever, whomever, whichever
连接副词:when, where, how, why 等。
连接词 that 不充当句子成分,没有词义;
连接词 whether 和 if 不充当句子成分,有词义;
连接代词充当主语、宾语、表语和定语;
连接副词充当状语。
典例 1.(2024 年四川成都模拟预测)One cannot help but wonder the man was holding, when looking
up to the famous bronze standing man, in Sanxingdui, an archaeological (考古) site located in Sichuan province.
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:当人们抬头仰望位于四川省三星堆考古遗址的著名青铜站人时,不禁想知
道这名男子拿的是什么。该空引导宾语从句,从句中缺宾语成分,指事物,意为“拿着的东西”,用连接代词
what。故填 what。
【答案】what
典例 2(. 2024 年四川成都模拟预测)To eat one, you have to decide to dip it in a sweet and sour sauce
first, adding an extra layer of flavor, or to enjoy it on its own, letting the roll’s own taste shine through.
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:吃春卷时,你必须决定是否先将其蘸入酸甜酱中,增加一层额外
的味道,还是直接享受其本身的味道,让春卷自身的味道透出。句子中提到了两种选择:一种是蘸着甜酸
酱吃,另一种是单吃春卷,用固定句型 whether...or...“是……还是……”。故填 whether。
【答案】whether
知识点 2 引导状语从句
引导状语从句的从属连词有连接代词和连接副词,分别引导时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、
目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句。
例1. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.(连词 if 引导条件状语从
句)
如果宠物猫饿了,它会不停地喵喵叫以吸引注意力并寻找食物。【2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解】
例2. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today.
这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。
典例 1.(2024 年江苏省镇江三模)After receiving the challenge, it took Song and her colleagues six months to
research and decide on to restore the books.
【解析】考查疑问词。句意:接受挑战后,宋和她的同事花了六个月的时间研究并决定如何修复这些书。“特
殊疑问词+不定式”是一种常见复合结构,其中特殊疑问词的选择可直接根据句意确定,该结构在句中可作
主语、宾语、表语、同位语和补足语;根据句意“决定如何修复这些书”可知,应用特殊疑问词 how 与不定
式构成复合结构作宾语。故填 how。
【答案】how
典例 2. 【2024 年全国甲卷阅读理解】 That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out
how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.(连词 why 引导名词性从句)
【解析】谓语是 is,连词 why 引导名词性从句,在从句中作原因状语。why 引导表语从句。
【译文】句意:这就是为什么本期《作家文摘》旨在帮助您找出如何为您正在进行的任何类型的写作编写
最佳结局。
(名词性从句和状语从句更多知识见本专辑专题)
一、 真题实战
1. (2024 年全国甲卷改错) Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but
planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of mine.
【答案】but→and
【解析】考查连词。句意:我很好奇,和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。前后句之间为顺承关系,
所以用并列连词 and。故将 but 改成 and。
2(. 2023 年新课标 II 卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ___ to see the pandas
settle into their new home.
【答案】and。
【解析】考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构
可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,
应该用 and 连接。故填 and。
3.(2022 年全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
____________ cultural exchanges.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国
际合作和文化交流。名词 international cooperation 和 cultural exchanges 为并列成分,作动词 promote 的宾语。
故填 and。
4(. 2023 年九省联考卷)He reports that his students are taking more care with their work, and their self-confidence
has improved as well. He is happy with the improvement he sees in his students’ writing __________ in his own
writing.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:他很高兴看到他的学生和他自己的书写都有了改善。空格前短语 in his students’
writing 和空格后的短语 in his own writing 为并列关系,应用 and 表示这种关系。故填 and。
5.(2020 年全国 I 卷改错)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
【答案】but 改为 and。
【解析】句意:首先我把西红柿切成块,并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces 与 put them aside
之间是并列关系,应使用 and 连接,故将 but 改为 and。
6(. 2020 年全国 II 卷改错)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out
of practice.
【答案】for 改为 but / yet。
【解析】此处前句提到“我 7 岁开始学功夫”,后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。故将 for
改为 but / yet。
二、 命题演练
1.(2024 年福建高三期末试题)WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi province, a previously neglected 300-year-old
mansion (宅第), was incredibly restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature-
Tian jing, a narrow and tall courtyard which pulled sunlight inside, introducing elements of modern
comfort.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:位于江西的婺源天井酒店,是一座有着 300 年历史的豪宅,在保留了天津地区
建筑特色的同时,令人难以置信地恢复了昔日的辉煌,一个狭窄而高大的庭院将阳光引入室内,并引入了
现代舒适的元素。根据句意,“pulling sunlight inside”和“introducing elements of modern comfort”是并列关系,
用连词 and 连接。故填 and。
2(. 2024 年河南省高三阶段练习)As Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it’s neither too cold
in winter too hot in summer.
【答案】nor
【解析】考查连词固定搭配。句意:厦门地处中国东南部,临海,冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。
neither...nor...“既不.....也不......”是连词固定搭配。故填 nor。
3(. 2024 年广东广州模拟试题)Fan zhongyan was not only concerned about his own personal welfare, was
firm in his desire to look after the needs of the common people.
【答案】but
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:范仲淹不仅关心自己的个人利益,而且坚定地希望照顾普通百姓的需求。
固定搭配:not only…but (also)…,意为“不但……而且……”,符合句意。故填 but。
4.(2024 年江西高三模拟试题)In each corner of the Forbidden City, lifelike dragons in various shapes can be
seen, showing not only beautiful craftsmanship, carrying deep historical and cultural meanings.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意同上。not only…but (also)…为固定搭配,意为“不仅……而且……”。故填 but。
5.(2024 年江西高三模拟试题)It sheds light on the beautiful and the ugly tries to understand the
function of both.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:它揭示了美与丑,并试图理解两者的功能。根据语境可知,sheds slight on the beautiful
and the ugly 与 tries to understand the function of both 是并列关系,故要用连词 and 连接并列成分。故填 and。
6.(2024 年云南省昆明高三模拟试题)Representing wisdom, power, and wealth, dragons are respected and
honored in Chinese culture, which are said to scare away evil spirits and bad luck. In ancient times, when there was
no rain for a long time, people not only prayed for rain with a dragon dance, ____ prayed against insect
attacks after planting.
【答案】 but
【解析】考查连词。句意:在古代,当长时间不下雨时,人们不仅用舞龙祈求下雨,而且在种植后祈祷昆
虫袭击。 “not only... but...”意为“不仅……而且”,为固定句型。故填 but。
7.(2024 年安徽高三模拟试题)During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing
arranged the residential areas according to social classes.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结
构可知,planned 和 arranged 是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词 and 连接。故填 and。