第 06 讲 阅读理解记叙文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 文体特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 4
知识点 4 解法要点 4
考点二 叙事型记叙文 5
考点三 记人型记叙文 6
考点四 新闻报道 7
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 13
2.命题演练 19
近三年阅读理解记叙文考点细目
年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类
新高考 I卷 人与社会 美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物
2024 新高考 II 卷 人与社会 旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务
浙江卷 1月 人与社会 感受电话亭变迁
北京卷 人与自我 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性
新高考 I卷 人与自然 生态机器净化污水
2023 新高考 II 卷 人与社会 Urban Sprouts 花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。
全国甲卷 人与自然 DIY 高手 Terri Boltonis 的技能
全国乙卷 人与社会 风景摄影师
浙江卷 1月 人与社会 在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式
北京卷 人与自我 作者职业成功的经历
天津卷 人与自我 成为了社区管弦乐团的首席
新高考 II 卷 人与社会 孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑
2022 全国甲卷 人与社会 Ginni Balinton 往南极洲的旅程
北京卷 人与社会 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑
天津卷 人与自我 获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目
1.掌握记叙文的文体特征。
复习 2. 掌握记叙文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领。如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、
目标 词义猜测题。
3.掌握记叙文选项的常见干扰项的设置特点及应对策略。
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 文体特点
记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者
的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。
命题分布：常见的记叙文有小说、戏剧、传记、新闻报道和日记等类型。无论哪种记叙文，都囊括了事件的时间、地点、
人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。记叙的手法写作顺序往往以时间顺序或按照事件的发展顺序来展开。最后升华总结作
者的感悟。
难度分析：主要考察考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节理解题的考查，又注重推理判断题的考查，也会
出现词义猜测题和主旨大意及情感态度题，题目设置相对难度不大，但是主旨大意题会有一定的难度， 有时候需要自己
根据文章大意进行推理和总结。
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推
片面理解
断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成
无中生有
作者的观点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
构词法干扰（词义猜词题） 指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
拘泥于字面意思（词义猜词题） 根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
知识点 3 高分技巧
在记叙文的阅读过程中，要注意把握人物的情感发展过程；事件的发展线索；作者思想感情的变化过程以及时间、
空间的变化。阅读时做到不漏细节，把准寓意，方能成功。对于不同内容的记叙文，要把握以下几点
一 把握记叙文需把握文章的六个要素。
在阅读过程中，找出“5Ws 和 1H”；按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，理解了文章的脉络，理解整个故事。记叙文
需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展
脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
二 明确文章的记叙顺序。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。遇上倒叙的记叙
文，阅读时要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
三 词汇的处理。
遇到文中生词，如果不影响答题，直接跳过。如果涉及题目信息，则根据构词法，近义词、反义词、释义、同义替
换等方法结合上下文语境进行猜词。
四 依附原文，切忌主观臆断
答题时把握文章的线索，结合文章的主旨大意，切勿主观臆断；细节题是记叙文命题的主要题型。而寓意之类的题
则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
知识点 4 解法要点
一 细节理解题
1.关键信息定位法：若题中有数字、人物名字、地点名词等等，就可以在文章中快速圈出对应词，再找出数字词所对应的
细节信息。其他还包括一些提示情节发展或条理性关键词，如 First, next, finally 等。
2.同义定位法：同义定位即问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，如 fortnight，文中则以 two weeks 来代替。需要弄懂问题，
找准根据，从而依附原文，正确解题。
二 主旨大意题
1. 避免主观臆断：在阅读原文基础上，仔细甄别选项是否与文章主题有密切联系；
2. 涵盖性强：看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。避免以偏概全，范围过大或过小。
三 推理判断题
1. 正向或逆向推理：抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理.做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或
短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 信息整合推断：做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，
确定最佳结论。
四 词义猜词题
利用画像词上下文重点逻辑关系合理猜词词义。
1. 定义：be, be called, means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,---- (破折号)等.
2. 对比:yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on one hand...on the other hand, for one thing... for another thing,instead of
等。
3. 相似: 当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , as...as, the same as 等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。
4. 因果: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so...that, such... that, thus
5. 例举: for instance, for example, such as, such, like, especially, include, consist of 等。
考点二 叙事型记叙文
典例 1.（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）
Apollo 15 was the first flight to the moon that included a spacewalk. On our return trip to Earth, we needed to recover film
canisters (胶卷盒) from the service module. Because it was a new activity, an incredible amount of preparation went into it.
I evaluated the entire plan in terms of safety and results. During our pre-flight analysis, we installed a warning tone in the
suit in case of low oxygen pressure. Once all this pre-flight work was accomplished, the actual spacewalk was easy and
accomplished in a short time. I had the pleasure of being outside the spacecraft for 38 minutes, and here’s how we did it.
We started suiting up an hour or so before the actual spacewalk. I got a little rush as the Command Module was
depressurizing because I was then completely dependent on the pressure in the suit to keep me alive. I had practised this procedure
many times on Earth, but this was for REAL and I had to do it just right. Once the cabin pressure went to zero, we opened the
hatch (舱口) and went out.
What a feeling to be free in deep space! I concentrated on reaching for the handholds as I made my way to the back of the
service module so I would not float away. I had a small problem right away. The high-resolution camera was stuck out in its
extended position. I reached the canister, put a safety clip (安全扣) on it, attached by a rope to my wrist. and pulled it out of the
bay. Turning around again I made my way back to the hatch. So far, a piece of cake. After another two trips, I finished my task.
By turning my head just so I could position myself so that both the Earth and the Moon were in field of vision. I realized
that no one in all of history had ever seen this sight before. What an honour it was.
25．What is the purpose of installing a warning tone in the suit
A．To help recover film canister.
B．To assess the safety of the plan.
C．To improve the quality of the suit.
D．To inform astronauts of low oxygen pressure.
26．Why was the author feel nervous faced with his actual spacewalk
A．His task was completely new for him. B．He lacked full preparation in advance.
C．He was afraid to make any mistake. D．He suddenly found his suit went wrong.
27．What happened when the author did his task in space
A．He couldn’t find the canister.
B．He failed to handle the problem himself.
C．He experienced a narrow escape initially.
D．He met with some challenges when doing his task.
28．What does the author feel about his trip to the moon
A．Tired. B．Confused. C．Proud. D．Safe.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有幸经历的一次太空之旅。
25．细节理解题。根据文中第二段“During our pre-flight analysis, we installed a warning tone in the suit in case of low oxygen
pressure.(在飞行前的分析中，我们在太空服里安装了一个警告音，以防氧气压力过低。)”可知，在宇航服里安装警告音的
目的是以此来预告低氧压力情况的发生。故选 D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I got a little rush as the Command Module was depressurizing because I was then completely
dependent on the pressure in the suit to keep me alive. I had practised this procedure many times on Earth, but this was for REAL
and I had to do it just right.(在指令舱减压的时候我有点紧张因为我完全依赖太空服里的压力来维持我的生命。我在地球上
已经练习了很多次这个过程，但这是真实的，我必须做得恰到好处。)”可知，作者面对实际的太空行走会感到紧张是因为
他害怕犯任何错误。故选 C。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“I had a small problem right away. The high-resolution camera was stuck out in its extended
position.(我马上遇到了一个小问题。高分辨率摄像机卡在了伸展位置。)”可知，他在完成任务时遇到了一些挑战。故选
D。
28．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I realized that no one in all of history had ever seen this sight before. What an honour it
was.(我意识到，历史上从来没有人见过这种景象。这是多大的荣誉啊。)”可知，作者对他的月球之旅感到很自豪。故选
C。
【答案】25．D 26．C 27．D 28．C
考点三 记人型记叙文
典例 1.（2023 新课标 I 卷）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A
dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he
got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why
can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination
of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call
an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of
clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and
animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed
their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within
weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from
1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”
he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their
own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 John Todd 从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修
复的原理来净化污水。
4.细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature
solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were
making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏
的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制
造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and
asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在
大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪
些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选 C。
5.细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段
“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within
weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食
物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选
D。
6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility
that treated sewage (污水 ) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南
伯灵顿 1600 户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目
的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选 B。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new
systems develop their own ways to self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展
自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选 A。
【答案】4. C5. D6. B7. A
典例 2.（2022 北京卷）
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a
storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist
tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it
consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only
awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner
with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had
seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be
the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice
enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet
groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time
was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching
their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and
be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
24.细节理解题。由文章第一段“My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did,
which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想
做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选 C 项。
25．细节理解题。由文章第二段“One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.
His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. (一天，
我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者 Grant Brown 的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在
的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for
Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the
applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. (在我收到他的邀请后不
久，我的高中就收到了加入“Youth for Nature”和“Youth for Plane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成
为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。)”可知，是 Grant Brown 让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故
选 A 项。
26.细节理解题。由文章第三段“I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global
team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很
快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)”可知，Alice 加入这些活动让
她变得更自信了。故选 B 项。
27.推理判断题。由第一段“ Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt
like a storm cloud hung over me.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“I decided
to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect
nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻
人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。
所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选 C 项。
【答案】24. C25. A26. B27. C
考点四 新闻报道和书评型记叙文
典例 1.（2024·江西·二模）
Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were damaged to make way for a new
hardware chain (五金连锁店).
About 39 stones, dating back at least 7,000 years, were removed from the site, which sits on one of Europe’s most famous
prehistoric attractions, Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported. “The site has been damaged,” local archaeologist Christian Obeltz
told AFP.
Carnac, often described as “French Stonehenge”, is famous for its spreading fields of large tall stones. The stones are
arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it is the largest collection of this type of standing stone
in the world. The two main sites alone, at Menec and Kermarjo, house nearly 3,000 standing monuments covering over 4 miles.
The purpose of this ancient curiosity is still unknown. Many believe it may have had something to do with religion, while
others think it could have served as a farming calendar. One idea even suggests that the stones are connected to a sad event that
happened to a Roman army.
The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the cultural monument, made a
statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and non-major character of the remains,
damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said. However, Obeltz mentioned that there hasn’t
been enough research in the area to decide whether the stones were historically important.
News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with many expressing their thoughts on
the loss of the ancient stones. “Poor Carnac! The commodification (商品化) of the world prepares the man without memories,”
said Philippe de Villiers, France’s former Secretary of State for Culture.
“In Carnac, 39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar, World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!” the
Twitter account Dom Revolution wrote.
24．What happened to the 39 stones
A．They were sold to a store. B．They were worn with time.
C．They were moved away. D．They were used to build a building.
25．What makes Carnac stand out as a site of stone monuments
A．Its unique shape. B．Its large size.
C．Its long rich history. D．Its connection with an army.
26．What may the Regional Office agree with
A．The site has low historical value. B．The site needs government protection.
C．The site is not very well-known. D．The site should have been studied more.
27．Why does the author mention opinions on the Internet
A．To share people’s last memories of Carnac.
B．To stress the importance of protecting Carnac.
C．To show public anger at Carnac’s situation.
D．To give more information about Carnac’s history.
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了在法国北部，为了给一家新的五金连锁店腾地方，许多古老的立石遭到破坏，引
发了争议。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were
damaged to make way for a new hardware chain(在法国北部，由于许多古老的立石被破坏以便为一家新的五金连锁店让路，
引发了争议。)”可知，这 39 块石头被移走了。故选 C。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The stones are arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it
is the largest collection of this type of standing stone in the world.( 这些石头排列成长长的直线，根据卡尔纳克旅游局的说法，
这是世界上最大的这种类型立石的集合地)”可知，Carnac 因其庞大的规模而著称。故选 B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the
cultural monument, made a statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and
non-major character of the remains, damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said(布列塔尼地
区文化事务办公室，负责保护该文化遗迹，于周三就建造商店引发的争议发表了声明。声明中表示：“鉴于遗存的不确定
性和非主要特性，尚未确定对具有历史价值地点的破坏”)”可知，布列塔尼地区文化事务办公室可能认为这个遗址的历史
价值不高。故选 A。
27．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with
many expressing their thoughts on the loss of the ancient stones.( 建造商店的消息在社交媒体上引发了愤怒的舆论浪潮，许多
人纷纷表达了对失去这些古老石块的想法)”以及最后一段“In Carnac,39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar,
World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!( 在卡尔纳克，39 座立石纪念碑经历了尤利乌斯·凯撒、第一次世界大战和
第二次世界大战。但没能挺过 DIY 先生！)”可知，作者提及网络上的观点是为了展示公众对于 Carnac 当前状况的愤怒。
故选 C。
【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C
典例 2.（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）
Many cultures around the world have a grain that is not grown or even known outside its home area. Now, a staple grain
native to Ethiopia, Teff, is appearing on grocery shelves in America.
Teff has been an important part of the Ethiopian diet for thousands of years. Like rice and wheat, it is a cereal grass. Teff is
known for its fine grain and used mainly to make flour. Teff flour is the key ingredient in injera, the large, spongy pancakes that
make up a large portion of the Ethiopian diet.
Teff was introduced to the United States by a man named Wayne Carlson, who learned about teff while doing public health
work in Africa in the mid-1970s. “I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by teff farmers. ” he said. In
the late 70s, Carlson returned to the U. S. , married and settled in southwest Idaho. Then he came up with an idea to introduce teff
grass to his home state. “ Geologically, it is very similar to Ethiopia.”
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be. So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho to grow
teff on contract for them. The Carlsons milled it themselves.
Wayne went through the Washington, D．C．telephone book and looked for the names that were Ethiopian. And that is how
the business slowly grew. Over time, the Teff Company has outgrown four different mills.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University. He says teff production has exploded over the past decade in
the U. S. He says most teff grown in the U. S. is fed to farm animals. In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg
believes more of the teff production is for human food. Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, protein and fiber. Roseberg credits
Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
28．How do the Ethiopians mainly use teff
A．By eating the cereal grass.
B．By adding its grain into injera.
C．By mixing it with rice and wheat.
D．By using the flour made from it.
29．According to Wayne, why can teff grow well in Idaho
A．Idaho is located close to Ethiopia.
B．Teff is easy to survive on its own.
C．Idaho has geographic features similar to Ethiopia.
D．Teff was originally introduced to Ethiopia from Idaho.
30．What can we infer from Paragraph 5
A．Wayne sent teff to his Ethiopian friends.
B．Wayne’s teff did not sell well at first.
C．Wayne’s teff was sold only to Ethiopians.
D．Wayne lost control of his Teff Company.
31．What is Rich Roseberg’s attitude to Wayne introducing teff into America
A．Favorable. B．Pessimistic. C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细地介绍了苔麸这种原产于埃塞俄比亚的谷物如何被引入美国，并在美国市场上
逐渐受到欢迎的过程。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Teff is known for its fine grain and used mainly to make flour. Teff flour is the key ingredient in
injera, the large, spongy pancakes that make up a large portion of the Ethiopian diet. (画眉草以其细粒而闻名，主要用于制作面
粉。画眉草粉是英吉拉的主要成分，英吉拉是一种大而海绵状的煎饼，占埃塞俄比亚饮食的很大一部分。)”可知，埃塞俄
比亚人主要使用苔麸粉来做食物，尤其是英吉拉，故选 D 项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In the late 70s, Carlson returned to the U. S. , married and settled in southwest Idaho. Then he
came up with an idea to introduce teff grass to his home state. “ Geologically, it is very similar to Ethiopia.” (70 年代后期，卡尔
森回到美国，在爱达荷州西南部结婚并定居。然后他想出了一个主意，将画眉草介绍到他的家乡。“在地质上，它与埃塞
俄比亚非常相似。”)”可知，Carlson 选择在 Idaho 州种植苔麸是因为那里的地质特征与埃塞俄比亚相似，故选 C 项。
30．推理判断题。根据第五段“Wayne went through the Washington, D.C. telephone book and looked for the names that were
Ethiopian. And that is how the business slowly grew. Over time, the Teff Company has outgrown four different mills. (韦恩翻阅
了华盛顿特区的电话簿，寻找那些是埃塞俄比亚人的名字。这就是业务慢慢增长的方式。随着时间的流逝，Teff Company
已经超越了四家不同的工厂。)”可知，Carlson 最初通过华盛顿特区的电话簿寻找埃塞俄比亚人的名字来推销他的产品，
这说明了他最初销售并不顺利。故选 B 项。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Roseberg credits Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time. (罗斯伯格称赞韦恩·卡尔森领
先于他的时代。)”可知，Roseberg 认为 Carlson 引进苔麸到美国是走在时代前列的，他对 Carlson 的做法持肯定态度。故
选 A 项。
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．A
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my
time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual
methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians
(兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩
疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested
in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found
little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three
treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a
couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was
prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive
for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more
comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may
be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取
得了初步成效。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh
at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber
的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选 A。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after
two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a
couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三
次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它
们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber 作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选 C。
26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack,
Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to
keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides
more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她
准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)
报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一
个是 Farber 通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗 Charlie，另一个是马 Nappy 在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行
更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选 D。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the
past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown
from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:
自 1982 年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从 30 个增加到 700 多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随
后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从 30 个增加到 700 多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的
观点。故选 A。
2.（2023 全国甲卷）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,
she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied
Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t
much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was
backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any
deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my
room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve
moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of
people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be
around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their
house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位 DIY 高手 Terri Boltonis 的技能以及 DIY 项目可能会在女性群体中变成
一种潮流趋势。
24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays
someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此
处指 Terri Boltonis 是一位 DIY 高手。C 项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选 C。
25.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,
Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. (她
将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商 Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年 26 岁的 Terri 就在学校放假期间陪 Derek 去上班。
一天的工作得到了 5 英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my
skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri 的祖父每天给她 5
英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选 B。
26.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges
when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri
是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选 A。
27.细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这
项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY 将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选 D。
3.（2023 全国乙卷）
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景 ) can be quite a challenge, mainly
because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive
character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a
10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take
photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations
so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises
due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.
After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position
enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the
spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we
found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some
of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
24.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures
and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景
摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选 B。
25.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have
been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最
好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关
键是适当的时间管理。故选 A。
26.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset
entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地
点的时间比预期的要晚。故选 C。
27.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have
been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最
好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的
照片是令人满意的。故选 B。
4.（2022 新课标 II 卷）
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s
new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a
children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and
pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder.
I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet
computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather.
Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve
even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face
made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the
integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my
2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
25. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
26. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
27. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却
以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
24. B。词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young
people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on
a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年
轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认
识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选 B。
25. A。细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet
computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.(事
实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会
变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选 A。
26. D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video
and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑
战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选 D。
27. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve
spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的
差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选 B。
Animals can express their needs using a lo 程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大
大降低。故选 C 项。
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三·河北张家口·期末）
During one conversation with Frank Morrison, he told me that when he was a child his favorite pastime was drawing on the
pieces of white and tan cardboard that came with his mother’s pantyhose (连裤袜) containers. Frank’s goal was to draw, and he
found ways to make that happen. This example speaks to the determination he has demonstrated throughout his life so that he
could follow his dreams, make a difference, and inspire others.
I first met Frank at a conference in 2015. I was working at Little Be eBooks at the time. I went over and introduced myself. I
didn’t have a project in hand for him at the time, but I gave Frank some background information about Little Be eBooks and told
him that I hoped he would consider working with us someday.
Several months later, I had the perfect manuscript (手稿) for him to illustrate: The Roots of Rap: 16 Bars on the 4 Pillars of
Hip-Hop, written by Carole Boston Weatherford. The fabulous text was a love letter to the pioneers of hip-hop, and Frank was
immediately taken with the manuscript because Carole, with whom he adored working, had written it; and Frank grew up with this
culture.
The first time Frank and his brother heard rap music was in their grandmother’s backyard, via a one-speaker radio. Frank said
that “the beats were impressive”. Up to this point they had been listening to what their parents listened to. They found familiar
beats in hip-hop because it felt like are mix of their parents’ music. Looking through Frank’s books is like walking through an art
gallery. He can transport you to another time or put you in the middle of a cultural movement, while making the connection
between past and present.
29．What can be inferred about Frank from paragraph 1
A．He dreamed of inspiring others.
B．He managed to find something to draw on.
C．He liked the pictures on pantyhose containers.
D．He was spoken highly of for his determination.
30．What did the author do in 2015
A．He offered to join in Frank’s project.
B．He asked Frank to sign Little Bee Books.
C．He expressed his expectation to work with Frank.
D．He got some background information about Frank.
31．How did Frank like rap
A．He liked it all the time.
B．He found its beats hard to bear.
C．He thought it less popular than hip-hop.
D．He considered it helpful for personal growth.
32．What can be learned about Frank’s illustrations from the last paragraph
A．They are shown in a gallery. B．They connect us with history.
C．They have started a cultural movement. D．They changed people’s ideas about the past.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．D 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了 Frank Morrison 的生平事迹和艺术成就，讲述了 Morrison 的成长经历、
职业生涯和个人成就，展现了他作为一个艺术家的才华和贡献。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“During one conversation with Frank Morrison, he told me that when he was a child his
favorite pastime was drawing on the pieces of white and tan cardboard that came with his mother’s pantyhose(连裤袜) containers.
Frank’s goal was to draw, and he found ways to make that happen.(在与 Frank Morrison 的一次谈话中，他告诉我，当他还是个
孩子的时候，他最喜欢的消遣是在他母亲的连裤袜容器附带的白色和棕色硬纸板上画画。Frank 的目标是画画，他找到了
实现这个目标的方法。)”可知，Frank 找到了可以在上面绘画的东西。故选 B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“I first met Frank at a conference in 2015. I was working at Little Be eBooks at the time. I went
over and introduced myself. I didn’t have a project in hand for him at the time, but I gave Frank some background information
about Little Be eBooks and told him that I hoped he would consider working with us someday.(我第一次见到 Frank是在 2015年
的一次会议上。当时我在 Little Be 电子书公司工作。我走过去自我介绍。当时我手头上没有项目要交给他，但我给了 Frank
一些关于 Little Be 电子书的背景信息，并告诉他我希望他有一天能考虑和我们合作。)”可知，在 2015 年作者向 Frank 表
达了希望和他合作的期望。故选 C。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Several months later, I had the perfect manuscript(手稿) for him to illustrate: The Roots of
Rap: 16 Bars on the 4 Pillars of Hip-Hop, written by Carole Boston Weatherford. The fabulous text was a love letter to the
pioneers of hip-hop, and Frank was immediately taken with the manuscript because Carole, with whom he adored working, had
written it; and Frank grew up with this culture.(几个月后，我有了一份完美的手稿供他举例说明：《说唱的根源：嘻哈的四
大支柱上的 16 个酒吧》，作者 Carole Boston Weatherford。这段美妙的文字是一封写给嘻哈音乐先驱们的情书，Frank 立
刻被手稿迷住了，因为这是 Carole 写的，他很喜欢和 Carole 一起工作;；Frank 就是在这种文化中长大的。)”可知，Frank
认为嘻哈音乐对自己的成长有帮助。故选 D。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Looking through Frank’s books is like walking through an art gallery. He can transport you
to another time or put you in the middle of a cultural movement, while making the connection between past and present.(看 Frank
的书就像在参观美术馆。他可以把你带到另一个时代，或者把你置身于一场文化运动中，同时把过去和现在联系起来。)”
可知，Frank 的插图能将我们带到一个时代，或者置身于一场运动，将过去和现在联系起来。故选 B。
2.（23-24 高三·河北张家口·开学考试）
From her classroom window, Aynagul Bagjuli noticed the blooming flowers under the clear blue sky and had an idea. Out in
the spring air, Aynagul Bagjuli taught her students “Late Spring,” a classic poem from the Tang Dynasty. The 27-year-old teaches
literature at Jamatirki Middle School in Akto County.
Less than three years into her teaching job, Aynagul Bagjuli has won widespread recognition from her colleagues and
students for her passion and extraordinary teaching skills. Aynagul Bagjuli is a native of Akto, where over 90 percent of the land
is mountainous. Life there is tough.
Aynagul Bagjuli spent her high school years in Wenzhou. Later, she studied at the Capital Normal University in Beijing. She
is among more than 100,000 students from Xinjiang’s remote areas to have received better education in the central and eastern
regions of China, under a program financed by the central government since 2000. The program, aiming at cultivating (培养 )
professionals among ethnic groups in Xinjiang, covers part of their tuition and living expenses.
Aynagul Bagjuli’s father died when she was three, leaving her mother to raise three children. “Without the
government-sponsored program, I would not have even dreamed of going anywhere outside Xinjiang, let alone attending
university in the capital,” she said.
Aynagul Bagjuli gave up several employment opportunities in cities to return to her hometown. Before securing a teaching
job in her hometown, she traveled to several cities and villages in different provinces, learning about diverse cultures. She loves
sharing her experience with her students and believes this is an effective way to arouse their interest.
33．Where did Aynagul Bagjuli receive her college education
A．In Urumqi. B．In Wenzhou. C．In Akto. D．In Beijing.
34．What is Aynagul Bagjuli’s attitude towards the government-sponsored program
A．Doubtful. B．Grateful. C．Critical. D．Disappointed.
35．Why does Aynagul Bagjuli like to share her experience with her students
A．To raise her students’ interest.
B．To show her learning experience.
C．To encourage her students to travel.
D．To find a way to communicate with her students.
36．What is the best title for the text
A．Aynagul Bagjuli’s Learning Experience
B．Aynagul Bagjuli’s Excellent Teaching Skills
C．Aynagul Bagjuli Teaching in Her Hometown after College
D．A Government-sponsored Program Supporting Poor Students
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了 27 岁的新疆教师 Aynagul Bagjuli 学成后回家乡任教的感人故事。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Later, she studied at the Capital Normal University in Beijing. (后来，她在北京首都师范
大学学习。)”可知，Aynagul Bagjuli 是在北京上的大学。故选 D 项。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ ‘Without the government-sponsored program, I would not have even dreamed of going
anywhere outside Xinjiang, let alone attending university in the capital,’ she said. (“如果没有这个政府资助的项目，我做梦都不
会想到去新疆以外的地方，更不用说在首都上大学了，”她说。)”可知，Aynagul Bagjuli 对中央政府的资助项目是心怀感
激的。故选 B 项。
35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“She loves sharing her experience with her students and believes this is an effective way to
arouse their interest. (她喜欢与学生分享她的经验，并相信这是引起他们兴趣的有效方法。)”可知，Aynagul Bagjuli 和学生
们分享自己的经历是为了激发他们的兴趣。故选 A。
36．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Less than three years into her teaching job, Aynagul Bagjuli has won widespread recognition
from her colleagues and students for her passion and extraordinary teaching skills. Aynagul Bagjuli is a native of Akto, where
over 90 percent of the land is mountainous. Life there is tough. (在她的教学工作不到三年的时间里，Aynagul Bagjuli 以她的热
情和非凡的教学技巧赢得了同事和学生的广泛认可。Aynagul Bagjuli 是阿克图人，那里 90%以上的土地都是山区。那里
的生活很艰难。)”以及全文内容可知，本文讲述了 27 岁的新疆教师 Aynagul Bagjuli 学成后回家乡任教的感人故事。故选
C。
3.（2023·安徽安庆·三模）
Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble, one of which was
about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group which organized
cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do and how I can really
make a difference,” she says.
Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from
all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.
Sagarika is now 16. She’s part of a growing number of young climate activists. “We’re the generation that is going to face
the results if the climate crisis is not dealt with,” she says. She believes even individual actions can create a “ripple effect”.
Sagarika says this can build momentum and can move things in the right direction.
Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to reverse climate change. They
can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information which can help change our
future,” Sagarika says.
Dubai is a desert metropolis. Growing up there has made Sagarika very aware of the need for action. Her city faces the risk of
rising temperatures and its water supply is shrinking. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental
challenges.
Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll
continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet.
Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she says.
37．Why did the author mention “turtles with plastic in their stomachs” in paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison B．To give an example.
C．To analyze the problem. D．To introduce the topic.
38．Why did Sagarika created Kids for a Better World
A．Because she wanted to create a greener world.
B．Because she wanted to bring together nearly1000 youths.
C．Because she wanted to read newspaper stories.
D．Because she wanted to save the turtle.
39．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us
A．What can help change our future. B．What people should do at present.
C．What Kids for a Better World does. D．What courses are taught on the platform.
40．Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika
A．Generous and friendly. B．Brave and smart.
C．Persistent and inspirational. D．Noble-minded and careful.
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了 Sagarika Sriram，这位女孩从 10 岁起就开始关注气候与环境问题，并在 16 岁时创
立了数字平台 Kids for a Better World，呼吁全世界的青少年致力于对抗气候变化。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in
trouble, one of which was about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined
a group which organized cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do
and how I can really make a difference,” she says.(萨加里卡·斯里拉姆(Sagarika Sriram) 10 岁时开始在报纸上读到关于一个陷
入困境的星球的故事，其中一篇是关于胃里有塑料的海龟的故事。萨加里卡知道她需要做点什么。首先，她加入了一个
在她的家乡迪拜组织清洁运动的团体，她说:“这个团体让我明白了一个人可以做什么，以及我如何才能真正发挥作
用。”)”可知，作者在第一段提到“胃里有塑料的海龟”，是为了引出主题，由此 Sagarika Sriram 开始致力于抗气候变化。
故选 D 项。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together
nearly 10,000 youths from all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.(然后，萨加里卡创建了“儿童为更美好的世
界”。这是一个数字平台，汇集了来自世界各地的近万名年轻人，目标是创造一个更绿色的世界)”可知，萨加里卡建立“儿
童为更美好的世界”是为了创造一个更绿色的世界。故选 A 项。
39．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to
reverse climate change. They can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information
which can help change our future,” Sagarika says.(“儿童为更美好世界”组织面向 8 至 16 岁的人。它教会他们可以做些什么来
扭转气候变化。他们可以种植食物，种树，收集可回收物品，避免使用塑料袋。“这些信息可以帮助改变我们的未来，”
萨加里卡说)”可知，第四段主要告诉我们“儿童为更美好世界”做了什么。故选 C 项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California.
While she’s there, she’ll continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to
fight for a greener planet. Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she
says.(Sagarika 总是做一些小事，但她有大计划。她想去加州上大学。当她在那里的时候，她会继续做一个积极分子。她
还将负责“孩子们的美好世界”。她希望激励其他人为一个更绿色的星球而奋斗。其他人也激励了她。她说:“我们正在创建
自己的激励变革者体系。”)”可知，萨加里卡一直在为对抗气候变化采取行动和制定计划，所以是坚持不懈的，以及她想
创建自己的激励变革者体系，所以是鼓舞人心的。故选 C 项。
4.（2024·山西临汾·三模）
The protesters who had gathered on a lawn in Rome’s central Piazz a Venezia came from neighborhoods all around the
capital, but they had one concern in common: saving the towering umbrella pine trees that for centuries have decorated the city’s
skyline but are disappearing in alarming numbers.
Celebrated in music and art, and admired by the ancient Romans, the trees are as much a part of the city’s identity as its
human-made landmarks. “They are in the hearts, photographs and memories of everyone,” said Jacopa Stinchelli, who is helping
lead the defense of the pines, which in recent years have taken a turn for the worse.
An attack by an invasive pest, which sneaked into Italy about a decade ago, has killed many trees. In the eyes of some
Romans, however, it’s not just the bugs that are to blame but also a city government that has struggled to deliver basic services.
Critics say that the pines have been subjected to indiscriminate removal, with trees that could still have been saved. They
claim that during the past two years at least 4,000 potentially curable trees have been chopped down. While it’s hard to lay
responsibility on Rome’s municipal government for the invasion of pests, critics say the city could be doing more to preserve the
pines.
The primary method to counter the pest in urban areas involves injecting a special insecticide into the tree to kill the female
population. But the current costly and high-maintenance approach “can’t be a permanent solution,” said Pio Federico Roversi, the
director of a national research center for plant protection. “We’d better introduce natural predators—animals that kill and eat the
pests, which doesn’t pose a risk for the Italian environment,” Mr. Roversi said.
Sabrina Alfonsi, the member of Rome’s City Council, said in an interview that the city had set aside 100 million euros, or
$110 million, to care for the city’s green spaces. All infected pines had been treated, she added, the city has begun monitoring all
its 350,000 trees of various species.
No solution is likely to eliminate the pest problem entirely, Mr. Roversi said, but it could become manageable “so that the
plants no longer suffer.”
32．What can we learn about the umbrella pines in recent years
A．The distribution is hugely uneven.
B．They have faded out of Roman mind.
C．The number has dropped dramatically.
D．They are used to celebrate special occasions.
33．What should the government do according to the critics
A．Remove the bugs as soon as possible.
B．Make efforts to defend curable pines.
C．Chop down the trees destroyed by pests.
D．Take responsibility for the invasion of pests.
34．How might the pest problem be better handled
A．By using natural enemies.
B．By spraying chemical pesticides.
C．By replanting pines resistant to pests.
D．By establishing a nature reserve for pines.
35．What’s the attitude of Roversi to the government’s latest response
A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Discontented. D．Approving.
【答案】32．C 33．B 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了罗马第 06 讲 阅读理解记叙文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 题型破解 3
知识点 1 文体特点 3
知识点 2 选项规律 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 4
知识点 4 解法要点 4
考点二 叙事型记叙文 5
考点三 记人型记叙文 6
考点四 新闻报道 7
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 13
近三年阅读理解记叙文考点细目
年份 卷别 主题语境 话题分类
新高考 I卷 人与社会 美国兽医采用针灸技术治疗动物
2024 新高考 II 卷 人与社会 旧金山捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务
浙江卷 1月 人与社会 感受电话亭变迁
北京卷 人与自我 作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性
新高考 I卷 人与自然 生态机器净化污水
2023 新高考 II 卷 人与社会 Urban Sprouts 花园项目帮助学生通过体验乡村生活。
全国甲卷 人与自然 DIY 高手 Terri Boltonis 的技能
全国乙卷 人与社会 风景摄影师
浙江卷 1月 人与社会 在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式
北京卷 人与自我 作者职业成功的经历
天津卷 人与自我 成为了社区管弦乐团的首席
新高考 II 卷 人与社会 孙子把儿童读物当成平板电脑
2022 全国甲卷 人与社会 Ginni Balinton 往南极洲的旅程
北京卷 人与社会 参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦虑
天津卷 人与自我 获得自尊就要首先学会接受自己本来的面目
1.掌握记叙文的文体特征。
复习 2. 掌握记叙文的命题规律及各种题型的解题要领。如细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、
目标 词义猜测题。
3.掌握记叙文选项的常见干扰项的设置特点及应对策略。
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 文体特点
记叙文是以叙述描写为主要方式，以记人叙事为主要内容的一种文体。其主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者
的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。
命题分布：常见的记叙文有小说、戏剧、传记、新闻报道和日记等类型。无论哪种记叙文，都囊括了事件的时间、地点、
人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。记叙的手法写作顺序往往以时间顺序或按照事件的发展顺序来展开。最后升华总结作
者的感悟。
难度分析：主要考察考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节理解题的考查，又注重推理判断题的考查，也会
出现词义猜测题和主旨大意及情感态度题，题目设置相对难度不大，但是主旨大意题会有一定的难度， 有时候需要自己
根据文章大意进行推理和总结。
知识点 2 选项规律
干扰项特征 释义
将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推
片面理解
断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。
过度推断 作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成
无中生有
作者的观点。
主观臆断 根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。
构词法干扰（词义猜词题） 指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
拘泥于字面意思（词义猜词题） 根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。
知识点 3 高分技巧
在记叙文的阅读过程中，要注意把握人物的情感发展过程；事件的发展线索；作者思想感情的变化过程以及时间、
空间的变化。阅读时做到不漏细节，把准寓意，方能成功。对于不同内容的记叙文，要把握以下几点
一 把握记叙文需把握文章的六个要素。
在阅读过程中，找出“5Ws 和 1H”；按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，理解了文章的脉络，理解整个故事。记叙文
需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展
脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
二 明确文章的记叙顺序。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。遇上倒叙的记叙
文，阅读时要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
三 词汇的处理。
遇到文中生词，如果不影响答题，直接跳过。如果涉及题目信息，则根据构词法，近义词、反义词、释义、同义替
换等方法结合上下文语境进行猜词。
四 依附原文，切忌主观臆断
答题时把握文章的线索，结合文章的主旨大意，切勿主观臆断；细节题是记叙文命题的主要题型。而寓意之类的题
则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
知识点 4 解法要点
一 细节理解题
1.关键信息定位法：若题中有数字、人物名字、地点名词等等，就可以在文章中快速圈出对应词，再找出数字词所对应的
细节信息。其他还包括一些提示情节发展或条理性关键词，如 First, next, finally 等。
2.同义定位法：同义定位即问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，如 fortnight，文中则以 two weeks 来代替。需要弄懂问题，
找准根据，从而依附原文，正确解题。
二 主旨大意题
1. 避免主观臆断：在阅读原文基础上，仔细甄别选项是否与文章主题有密切联系；
2. 涵盖性强：看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。避免以偏概全，范围过大或过小。
三 推理判断题
1. 正向或逆向推理：抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理.做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或
短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 信息整合推断：做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，
确定最佳结论。
四 词义猜词题
利用画像词上下文重点逻辑关系合理猜词词义。
1. 定义：be, be called, means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,---- (破折号)等.
2. 对比:yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on one hand...on the other hand, for one thing... for another thing,instead of
等。
3. 相似: 当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , as...as, the same as 等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。
4. 因果: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so...that, such... that, thus
5. 例举: for instance, for example, such as, such, like, especially, include, consist of 等。
考点二 叙事型记叙文
典例 1.（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）
Apollo 15 was the first flight to the moon that included a spacewalk. On our return trip to Earth, we needed to recover film
canisters (胶卷盒) from the service module. Because it was a new activity, an incredible amount of preparation went into it.
I evaluated the entire plan in terms of safety and results. During our pre-flight analysis, we installed a warning tone in the
suit in case of low oxygen pressure. Once all this pre-flight work was accomplished, the actual spacewalk was easy and
accomplished in a short time. I had the pleasure of being outside the spacecraft for 38 minutes, and here’s how we did it.
We started suiting up an hour or so before the actual spacewalk. I got a little rush as the Command Module was
depressurizing because I was then completely dependent on the pressure in the suit to keep me alive. I had practised this procedure
many times on Earth, but this was for REAL and I had to do it just right. Once the cabin pressure went to zero, we opened the
hatch (舱口) and went out.
What a feeling to be free in deep space! I concentrated on reaching for the handholds as I made my way to the back of the
service module so I would not float away. I had a small problem right away. The high-resolution camera was stuck out in its
extended position. I reached the canister, put a safety clip (安全扣) on it, attached by a rope to my wrist. and pulled it out of the
bay. Turning around again I made my way back to the hatch. So far, a piece of cake. After another two trips, I finished my task.
By turning my head just so I could position myself so that both the Earth and the Moon were in field of vision. I realized
that no one in all of history had ever seen this sight before. What an honour it was.
25．What is the purpose of installing a warning tone in the suit
A．To help recover film canister.
B．To assess the safety of the plan.
C．To improve the quality of the suit.
D．To inform astronauts of low oxygen pressure.
26．Why was the author feel nervous faced with his actual spacewalk
A．His task was completely new for him. B．He lacked full preparation in advance.
C．He was afraid to make any mistake. D．He suddenly found his suit went wrong.
27．What happened when the author did his task in space
A．He couldn’t find the canister.
B．He failed to handle the problem himself.
C．He experienced a narrow escape initially.
D．He met with some challenges when doing his task.
28．What does the author feel about his trip to the moon
A．Tired. B．Confused. C．Proud. D．Safe.
考点三 记人型记叙文
典例 1.（2023 新课标 I 卷）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A
dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he
got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why
can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination
of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call
an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of
clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and
animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed
their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within
weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) from
1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”
he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their
own ways to self-repair.”
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
7. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
典例 2.（2022 北京卷）
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled ( 削弱 ) my ability to do anything. I felt like a
storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist
tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it
consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only
awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner
with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had
seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be
the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice
enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet
groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a
growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle ( 障碍 ) this whole time
was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching
their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and
be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
24. What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A. Her inability to act her age. B. Her habit of consumption.
C. Her desire to be perfect. D. Her lack of inspiration.
25. How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A. She decided to do something for nature. B. She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C. She learned about the harm of desire. D. She built up her courage to speak up.
26. The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more ________.
A. intelligent B. confident C. innovative D. critical
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Practice makes perfect. B. Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C. Action is worry’s worst enemy. D. Everything comes to those who wait.
考点四 新闻报道和书评型记叙文
典例 1.（2024·江西·二模）
Disagreements have arisen in Northern France after many ancient standing stones were damaged to make way for a new
hardware chain (五金连锁店).
About 39 stones, dating back at least 7,000 years, were removed from the site, which sits on one of Europe’s most famous
prehistoric attractions, Agence France-Presse (AFP) reported. “The site has been damaged,” local archaeologist Christian Obeltz
told AFP.
Carnac, often described as “French Stonehenge”, is famous for its spreading fields of large tall stones. The stones are
arranged in long, straight lines and, according to the Carnac Tourist Office, it is the largest collection of this type of standing stone
in the world. The two main sites alone, at Menec and Kermarjo, house nearly 3,000 standing monuments covering over 4 miles.
The purpose of this ancient curiosity is still unknown. Many believe it may have had something to do with religion, while
others think it could have served as a farming calendar. One idea even suggests that the stones are connected to a sad event that
happened to a Roman army.
The Regional Office of Cultural Affairs for Brittany, which is responsible for protecting the cultural monument, made a
statement on disagreements over building the store on Wednesday. “Given the uncertain and non-major character of the remains,
damage to a site of historical value has not been established,” the statement said. However, Obeltz mentioned that there hasn’t
been enough research in the area to decide whether the stones were historically important.
News of building the store has caused a storm of angry comments on social media, with many expressing their thoughts on
the loss of the ancient stones. “Poor Carnac! The commodification (商品化) of the world prepares the man without memories,”
said Philippe de Villiers, France’s former Secretary of State for Culture.
“In Carnac, 39 standing stone monuments survived Julius Caesar, World War I and World War II. But not Mr. DIY!” the
Twitter account Dom Revolution wrote.
24．What happened to the 39 stones
A．They were sold to a store. B．They were worn with time.
C．They were moved away. D．They were used to build a building.
25．What makes Carnac stand out as a site of stone monuments
A．Its unique shape. B．Its large size.
C．Its long rich history. D．Its connection with an army.
26．What may the Regional Office agree with
A．The site has low historical value. B．The site needs government protection.
C．The site is not very well-known. D．The site should have been studied more.
27．Why does the author mention opinions on the Internet
A．To share people’s last memories of Carnac.
B．To stress the importance of protecting Carnac.
C．To show public anger at Carnac’s situation.
D．To give more information about Carnac’s history.
典例 2.（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）
Many cultures around the world have a grain that is not grown or even known outside its home area. Now, a staple grain
native to Ethiopia, Teff, is appearing on grocery shelves in America.
Teff has been an important part of the Ethiopian diet for thousands of years. Like rice and wheat, it is a cereal grass. Teff is
known for its fine grain and used mainly to make flour. Teff flour is the key ingredient in injera, the large, spongy pancakes that
make up a large portion of the Ethiopian diet.
Teff was introduced to the United States by a man named Wayne Carlson, who learned about teff while doing public health
work in Africa in the mid-1970s. “I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by teff farmers. ” he said. In
the late 70s, Carlson returned to the U. S. , married and settled in southwest Idaho. Then he came up with an idea to introduce teff
grass to his home state. “ Geologically, it is very similar to Ethiopia.”
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be. So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho to grow
teff on contract for them. The Carlsons milled it themselves.
Wayne went through the Washington, D．C．telephone book and looked for the names that were Ethiopian. And that is how
the business slowly grew. Over time, the Teff Company has outgrown four different mills.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University. He says teff production has exploded over the past decade in
the U. S. He says most teff grown in the U. S. is fed to farm animals. In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg
believes more of the teff production is for human food. Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, protein and fiber. Roseberg credits
Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
28．How do the Ethiopians mainly use teff
A．By eating the cereal grass.
B．By adding its grain into injera.
C．By mixing it with rice and wheat.
D．By using the flour made from it.
29．According to Wayne, why can teff grow well in Idaho
A．Idaho is located close to Ethiopia.
B．Teff is easy to survive on its own.
C．Idaho has geographic features similar to Ethiopia.
D．Teff was originally introduced to Ethiopia from Idaho.
30．What can we infer from Paragraph 5
A．Wayne sent teff to his Ethiopian friends.
B．Wayne’s teff did not sell well at first.
C．Wayne’s teff was sold only to Ethiopians.
D．Wayne lost control of his Teff Company.
31．What is Rich Roseberg’s attitude to Wayne introducing teff into America
A．Favorable. B．Pessimistic. C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷）
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my
time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual
methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians
(兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩
疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested
in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found
little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three
treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a
couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was
prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive
for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more
comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may
be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.
“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him
A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude.
25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C. He benefited from it as a patient.
D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment.
B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point.
B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians.
D. To advocate animal protection.
2.（2023 全国甲卷）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,
she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied
Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t
much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was
backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any
deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my
room and put up pictures. So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve
moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of
people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be
around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their
house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
3.（2023 全国乙卷）
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景 ) can be quite a challenge, mainly
because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive
character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a
10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take
photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations
so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises
due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake.
After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position
enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the
spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we
found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some
of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying.
C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
4.（2022 新课标 II 卷）
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s
new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a
children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and
pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder.
I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet
computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather.
Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve
even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face
made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the
integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my
2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
25. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
26. What does the author think of himself
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
27. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三·河北张家口·期末）
During one conversation with Frank Morrison, he told me that when he was a child his favorite pastime was drawing on the
pieces of white and tan cardboard that came with his mother’s pantyhose (连裤袜) containers. Frank’s goal was to draw, and he
found ways to make that happen. This example speaks to the determination he has demonstrated throughout his life so that he
could follow his dreams, make a difference, and inspire others.
I first met Frank at a conference in 2015. I was working at Little Be eBooks at the time. I went over and introduced myself. I
didn’t have a project in hand for him at the time, but I gave Frank some background information about Little Be eBooks and told
him that I hoped he would consider working with us someday.
Several months later, I had the perfect manuscript (手稿) for him to illustrate: The Roots of Rap: 16 Bars on the 4 Pillars of
Hip-Hop, written by Carole Boston Weatherford. The fabulous text was a love letter to the pioneers of hip-hop, and Frank was
immediately taken with the manuscript because Carole, with whom he adored working, had written it; and Frank grew up with this
culture.
The first time Frank and his brother heard rap music was in their grandmother’s backyard, via a one-speaker radio. Frank said
that “the beats were impressive”. Up to this point they had been listening to what their parents listened to. They found familiar
beats in hip-hop because it felt like are mix of their parents’ music. Looking through Frank’s books is like walking through an art
gallery. He can transport you to another time or put you in the middle of a cultural movement, while making the connection
between past and present.
29．What can be inferred about Frank from paragraph 1
A．He dreamed of inspiring others.
B．He managed to find something to draw on.
C．He liked the pictures on pantyhose containers.
D．He was spoken highly of for his determination.
30．What did the author do in 2015
A．He offered to join in Frank’s project.
B．He asked Frank to sign Little Bee Books.
C．He expressed his expectation to work with Frank.
D．He got some background information about Frank.
31．How did Frank like rap
A．He liked it all the time.
B．He found its beats hard to bear.
C．He thought it less popular than hip-hop.
D．He considered it helpful for personal growth.
32．What can be learned about Frank’s illustrations from the last paragraph
A．They are shown in a gallery. B．They connect us with history.
C．They have started a cultural movement. D．They changed people’s ideas about the past.
2.（23-24 高三·河北张家口·开学考试）
From her classroom window, Aynagul Bagjuli noticed the blooming flowers under the clear blue sky and had an idea. Out in
the spring air, Aynagul Bagjuli taught her students “Late Spring,” a classic poem from the Tang Dynasty. The 27-year-old teaches
literature at Jamatirki Middle School in Akto County.
Less than three years into her teaching job, Aynagul Bagjuli has won widespread recognition from her colleagues and
students for her passion and extraordinary teaching skills. Aynagul Bagjuli is a native of Akto, where over 90 percent of the land
is mountainous. Life there is tough.
Aynagul Bagjuli spent her high school years in Wenzhou. Later, she studied at the Capital Normal University in Beijing. She
is among more than 100,000 students from Xinjiang’s remote areas to have received better education in the central and eastern
regions of China, under a program financed by the central government since 2000. The program, aiming at cultivating (培养 )
professionals among ethnic groups in Xinjiang, covers part of their tuition and living expenses.
Aynagul Bagjuli’s father died when she was three, leaving her mother to raise three children. “Without the
government-sponsored program, I would not have even dreamed of going anywhere outside Xinjiang, let alone attending
university in the capital,” she said.
Aynagul Bagjuli gave up several employment opportunities in cities to return to her hometown. Before securing a teaching
job in her hometown, she traveled to several cities and villages in different provinces, learning about diverse cultures. She loves
sharing her experience with her students and believes this is an effective way to arouse their interest.
33．Where did Aynagul Bagjuli receive her college education
A．In Urumqi. B．In Wenzhou. C．In Akto. D．In Beijing.
34．What is Aynagul Bagjuli’s attitude towards the government-sponsored program
A．Doubtful. B．Grateful. C．Critical. D．Disappointed.
35．Why does Aynagul Bagjuli like to share her experience with her students
A．To raise her students’ interest.
B．To show her learning experience.
C．To encourage her students to travel.
D．To find a way to communicate with her students.
36．What is the best title for the text
A．Aynagul Bagjuli’s Learning Experience
B．Aynagul Bagjuli’s Excellent Teaching Skills
C．Aynagul Bagjuli Teaching in Her Hometown after College
D．A Government-sponsored Program Supporting Poor Students
3.（2023·安徽安庆·三模）
Sagarika Sriram was 10 years old when she started reading newspaper stories about a planet in trouble, one of which was
about turtles with plastic in their stomachs. Sagarika knew she needed to do something. First, she joined a group which organized
cleanup campaigns in her home city, Dubai “The group helped me understand what an individual can do and how I can really
make a difference,” she says.
Then Sagarika created Kids for a Better World. It’s a digital platform which has brought together nearly 10,000 youths from
all over the world with the goal to create a greener world.
Sagarika is now 16. She’s part of a growing number of young climate activists. “We’re the generation that is going to face
the results if the climate crisis is not dealt with,” she says. She believes even individual actions can create a “ripple effect”.
Sagarika says this can build momentum and can move things in the right direction.
Kids for a Better World is for people aged 8 to 16. It teaches them about what they can do to reverse climate change. They
can grow food, plant trees, collect recyclables and avoid using plastic bags. “This is the information which can help change our
future,” Sagarika says.
Dubai is a desert metropolis. Growing up there has made Sagarika very aware of the need for action. Her city faces the risk of
rising temperatures and its water supply is shrinking. She believes young people can bring attention to these environmental
challenges.
Sagarika is all about small actions, but she has big plans. She’d like to go to college in California. While she’s there, she’ll
continue being an activist. She’ll also be running Kids for a Better World. She hopes to inspire others to fight for a greener planet.
Others have inspired her. “We’re creating our own system of inspirational change-makers,” she says.
37．Why did the author mention “turtles with plastic in their stomachs” in paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison B．To give an example.
C．To analyze the problem. D．To introduce the topic.
38．Why did Sagarika created Kids for a Better World
A．Because she wanted to create a greener world.
B．Because she wanted to bring together nearly1000 youths.
C．Because she wanted to read newspaper stories.
D．Because she wanted to save the turtle.
39．What does the fourth paragraph mainly tell us
A．What can help change our future. B．What people should do at present.
C．What Kids for a Better World does. D．What courses are taught on the platform.
40．Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika
A．Generous and friendly. B．Brave and smart.
C．Persistent and inspirational. D．Noble-minded and careful.
4.（2024·山西临汾·三模）
The protesters who had gathered on a lawn in Rome’s central Piazz a Venezia came from neighborhoods all around the
capital, but they had one concern in common: saving the towering umbrella pine trees that for centuries have decorated the city’s
skyline but are disappearing in alarming numbers.
Celebrated in music and art, and admired by the ancient Romans, the trees are as much a part of the city’s identity as its
human-made landmarks. “They are in the hearts, photographs and memories of everyone,” said Jacopa Stinchelli, who is helping
lead the defense of the pines, which in recent years have taken a turn for the worse.
An attack by an invasive pest, which sneaked into Italy about a decade ago, has killed many trees. In the eyes of some
Romans, however, it’s not just the bugs that are to blame but also a city government that has struggled to deliver basic services.
Critics say that the pines have been subjected to indiscriminate removal, with trees that could still have been saved. They
claim that during the past two years at least 4,000 potentially curable trees have been chopped down. While it’s hard to lay
responsibility on Rome’s municipal government for the invasion of pests, critics say the city could be doing more to preserve the
pines.
The primary method to counter the pest in urban areas involves injecting a special insecticide into the tree to kill the female
population. But the current costly and high-maintenance approach “can’t be a permanent solution,” said Pio Federico Roversi, the
director of a national research center for plant protection. “We’d better introduce natural predators—animals that kill and eat the
pests, which doesn’t pose a risk for the Italian environment,” Mr. Roversi said.
Sabrina Alfonsi, the member of Rome’s City Council, said in an interview that the city had set aside 100 million euros, or
$110 million, to care for the city’s green spaces. All infected pines had been treated, she added, the city has begun monitoring all
its 350,000 trees of various species.
No solution is likely to eliminate the pest problem entirely, Mr. Roversi said, but it could become manageable “so that the
plants no longer suffer.”
32．What can we learn about the umbrella pines in recent years
A．The distribution is hugely uneven.
B．They have faded out of Roman mind.
C．The number has dropped dramatically.
D．They are used to celebrate special occasions.
33．What should the government do according to the critics
A．Remove the bugs as soon as possible.
B．Make efforts to defend curable pines.
C．Chop down the trees destroyed by pests.
D．Take responsibility for the invasion of pests.
34．How might the pest problem be better handled
A．By using natural enemies.
B．By spraying chemical pesticides.
C．By replanting pines resistant to pests.
D．By establishing a nature reserve for pines.
35．What’s the attitude of Roversi to the government’s latest response
A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical. C．Discontented. D．Approving.
