第 11 讲 完形填空记叙文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 句内层次题 4
考点三 句组层次题 5
考点四 语篇层次题 6
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 11
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正
确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，
全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，每小题所给的
四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为 10 个词左右。
首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查
最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 记叙文类完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，抓文章
1. 抓住文章中心
开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
2. 明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
记叙文的写作顺序有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事情发
3. 理清写作顺序
展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
弄清记叙文的 6 要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原
4. 明确写作要素
因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
5. 洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
6. 运用高分技巧 按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
二 具备全文意识
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，
把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型
特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，
推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不
通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
三 选项考点明辨析
重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语
境的考查。
1. 动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2. 名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3. 形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4. 副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
考点二 句内层次题
逻辑关系 例词
对立关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
名师提醒：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题
时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷完形填空片段）Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened.
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
句内层次题
典例 2.（2024 年浙江卷 1 月完形填空片段）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for.
21. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
句内层次题
典例3（. 2024年新高考 II卷完形填空片段）I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___,
Italy was the clear winner.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
句中层次题
变式训练（2024 年浙江卷 1 月完形填空片段）
My new friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese.
24. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right 句中层次题
考点三 句组层次题
解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前
后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
2．利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
3．利用逻辑关系解题
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
典例1（. 2024年新高考 II卷完形填空片段）During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.
But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That
encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___.
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
考查句组层次题
典例 2.（2024 年浙江卷 1 月）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21.encounter____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man
____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24.chance____ to
practice my Chinese.
22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
23. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost
句组层次题句组层次题
典例 2 （2023 年新高考 I 卷完形片段）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41
the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner
in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if
she could walk forward with ai . She couldn’t. Bailey then bent down to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
41．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
42．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
43．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
45．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
48．A．medical B．public C．constant D．Equal
句组层次题。
考点四 语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、
判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有 2～3 道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合
思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要把握记叙文的主旨
大意，跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
典例 1.（24-25 高三·湖北武汉·阶段练习） That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik always had a smile and a
positive attitude. It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the strength to keep going.
Even today, when I find myself strength with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can
bring joy to those around you, or even 15 strangers to the top of a mountain.
15．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the
course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she
could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of
her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t
____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race,
but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
语篇层次题
变式训练（2021 年浙江 1 月高考完形填空片段）
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three
miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by
mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much
55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project C．campaign
D．Course 语篇层次题。
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年全国甲卷）
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the
____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a
chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having
Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____.
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____,
especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to
the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while
they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater
and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships
like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my
grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
2.（2023 年浙江卷 1 月）
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest.
Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱 )are placed in the 42 . Reaching them to get the honey is
difficult—and often 43 .
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He
45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with
one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few
minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
49 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50
towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d
51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 52 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the
honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 54 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the
right 55 to go back up.
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
42．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
48．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
52．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
54．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
55．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
3.（2022 年浙江卷 6 月）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____16____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I
throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____17____ he were flying, his
eyes wide with ____18____. His trust in me is ____19____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge
sense of ____20____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____21____ , it will need more effort and sound
judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____23____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____24____ to
lose. Every time I _____25_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____26_____ in the
knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____27_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____28_____ that, when he’s
swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____29_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____30_____ . It is something that every manager should
work hard to _____31_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____32_____ your directions and
willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____33_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.
At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____34_____ you their best. Good _____35_____, like good parenting,
is a long-term commitment.
16．A．deserveB．miss C．love D．know
17．A．as if B．in case C．even though D．so that
18．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
19．A．reasonable B．limitedC．absolute D．important
20．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievement D．responsibility
21．A．older B．busier C．quieter D．healthier
22．A．on my behalf B．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
23．A．long-distanceB．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
24．A．afford B．choose C．wait D．expect
25．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
26．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
27．A．Above all B．In addition C．At firstD．For example
28．A．admit B．believeC．suggest D．imagine
29．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
30．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
31．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
32．A．repeat B．follow C．changeD．forget
33．A．gesture B．measure C．bond D．lack
34．A．telling B．giving C．selling D．sending
35．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三·江苏泰州·期中）Recently Mom Elisa received a call from school about her 14-year-old son’s behavior in
the lunchroom. The boy toasted Pop-tarts for anyone who wanted them, and gave them out for free. Elisa explained that the family
kitchen was being built, 1 she had purchased a bunch of convenience foods that could be 2 in the
microwave or toaster, including Pop-Tarts. “I guess he saw how many we had and 3 we had plenty to share!” she said.
Her son, Mateo, is very 4 and generous. He is also a cancer 5 who once used money someone 6
him to buy toys for other sick kids. Elisa said, “A few years ago, someone gave him $100 as a gift when he started cancer 7
in the hospital.” He asked me to buy Lego 8 that he could give to other kids in the hospital.” Five years later, he’s just
as sweet and has no 9 of cancer.
The 10 mom shared her son’s story on the Internet and before long she had thousands of likes. When Elisa
realized the story had gotten 11 online, she decided to help others, just as her son always does. She threw out the
idea of 12 Pop-Tarts or other items to a local food bank, sending out the 13 to one near their home.
Within hours, the Food Collective had received so much web traffic that its website 14 . Elisa put out another link,
and that food bank started to fill up, too!
From there, the story continued to move in the best way possible. The Pop-Tarts company 15 to Elisa and
offered free Pop-Tarts for their family, her son’s school, and a generous donation to No Kid Hungry!
1．A．but B．yet C．thus D．so
2．A．boiled B．toasted C．prepared D．baked
3．A．figured B．decided C．denied D．suspected
4．A．lovely B．active C．confident D．sweet
5．A．survivor B．actor C．helper D．patient
6．A．sent B．supplied C．raised D．gifted
7．A．development B．treatment C．management D．improvement
8．A．pairs B．groups C．sets D．piles
9．A．mark B．sign C．signal D．sigh
10．A．proud B．excited C．worried D．warm-hearted
11．A．large B．popular C．wide D．far
12．A．sharing B．sending C．donating D．applying
13．A．food B．items C．link D．Pop-Tarts
14．A．trapped B．crashed C．over-crowded D．stuck
15．A．reached out B．sent out C．handed out D．gave out
2.（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）On a summer evening in 2014, my wife and I encountered a sad scene during our trip to the
grocery store. A man, who was incapable of 16 mental function, wrapped himself with an old advertisement banner (横
幅) as 17 in the bad weather. Although he seemed unresponsive to our inquiries, his circumstance 18 us deeply,
inspiring my wife’s suggestion to buy him 19 .
We bought some bread and returned, but he wasn’t there. We felt disappointed. Soon we found that he had 20 a
family of migrant laborers who were camping nearby. To our surprise, the family did not 21 his presence but warmly
treated him like one of their own. They 22 their humble meal around an open fire, ensuring that the man’s plate remained
23 . Observing this act of genuine 24 and compassion, we felt 25 for having missed the chance to directly
26 the man ourselves, but 27 the selfless nature of the migrant family. Poor as they were, they demonstrated
28 by sharing everything they had with someone in need.
Moved by their actions, we 29 the loaf of bread near the man and departed, realizing that true giving is about more
than 30 needs; it’s about extending empathy and solidarity (团结) to others, regardless of personal wealth or status.
16．A．normal B．actual C．foolish D．deep
17．A．amusement B．protection C．medicine D．treatment
18．A．encouraged B．defeated C．touched D．angered
19．A．food B．clothes C．water D．toys
20．A．left B．joined C．supported D．discovered
21．A．appreciate B．mind C．evaluate D．observe
22．A．cooked B．ordered C．watched D．shared
23．A．full B．healthful C．available D．reachable
24．A．cruelty B．distance C．kindness D．patience
25．A．satisfied B．annoyed C．relieved D．disappointed
26．A．help B．protect C．inform D．comfort
27．A．protested B．admired C．reflected D．recommended
28．A．diligence B．patience C．responsibility D．generosity
29．A．picked up B．checked out C．put down D．showed off
30．A．political B．mental C．material D．financial第 11 讲 完形填空记叙文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 句内层次题 4
考点三 句组层次题 6
考点三 语篇层次题 6
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 20
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正
确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，
全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，
每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为
10 个词左右。首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没
有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 记叙文类完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想；如无题目，抓文章
1. 抓住文章中心
开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中心。
2. 明确叙述角度 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
记叙文的写作顺序有：顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有助于了解事情发
3. 理清写作顺序
展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
弄清记叙文的 6 要素(5W1H)，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原
4. 明确写作要素
因(why)、结果(how)，抓住这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主体。
5. 洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
6. 运用高分技巧 按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
二 具备全文意识
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，
把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型
特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，
推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不
通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
三 选项考点明辨析
重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语
境的考查。
1. 动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2. 名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3. 形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4. 副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
考点二 句内层次题
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。理清记叙文的写作要素和作者的情感态
度，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观
点、态度，找到正确答案。
1. 重视首句，把握文章主题。
2. 分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。
3. 利用上下文，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。
逻辑关系 例词
对立关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
名师提醒：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题
时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷完形填空片段）Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened.
42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently
【解析】句内层次题。考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly 有规
律地；B. silently 默默地；C. proudly 自豪地；D. recently 最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所
以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选 A 项。
【答案】 A
典例 2.（2024 年浙江卷 1 月完形填空片段）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for.
21. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment
【解析】句内层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了 20 个小时的火车时，其间
我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment 实
验；B. encounter 邂逅；C. competition 比赛；D. appointment 任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和
当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选 B。
【答案】B
典例3（. 2024年新高考 II卷完形填空片段）I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___,
Italy was the clear winner.
21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle
【解析】句中层次题。考查名词词义辨析，句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显
然是赢家。A. study 学习；B. rent 租金；C. visit 游览；D. settle 定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”
以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选 D。
【答案】D
变式训练（2024 年浙江卷 1 月完形填空片段）
My new friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese.
24. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right
【解析】句中层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的
中文。A. chance 机会；B. advice 建议；C. trouble 麻烦；D. right 权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住
这个机会练习中文。故选 A。
【答案】 D
考点三 句组层次题
解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前
后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
2．利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
3．利用逻辑关系解题
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根
据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。
典例1（. 2024年新高考 II卷完形填空片段）During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.
But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That
encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___.
22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened
23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised
25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test
【解析】这几题均考查句组层次题。
22.考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned 计划；B. struggled 斗争、
吃力地进行；C. refused 拒绝；D. happened 出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次
到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选 B。
23.考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string 串
起、连成一串；B. hang 悬挂；C. mix 混合；D. match 配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努
力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选 A。
24.考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved
改进；B. assessed 评估；C. admired 钦佩；D. praised 赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That
encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选 D。
25.考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course 课程；B. barrier 障碍；C. area 区域；D. test 测
试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对
作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选 B。
【答案】22.B 23.A 24.D 25.B
典例 2.（2024 年浙江卷 1 月）
While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling,
educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21.encounter____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man
____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24.chance____ to
practice my Chinese.
22. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached
23. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost
【解析】22.句组层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated 对待；B. saved
拯救；C. lectured 演讲；D. approached 靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火
车上向作者走来。故选 D
23. 句组层次题。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。
A. true 真的；B. so-called 所谓的；C. new 新的；D. long-lost 很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知，两人是
在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选 C。
【答案】 22. D 23. C
典例 2 （2023 年新高考 I 卷完形片段）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 41
the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44.race when a runner
in front of her began crying in pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if
she could walk forward with ai . She couldn’t. Bailey then bent down to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 48 attention.
41．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished
42．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse
43．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor
45．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised
48．A．medical B．public C．constant D．Equal
【解析】句组层次题。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛。A. designed 设计；B. followed 跟随；C. changed 改变；
D. finished 完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get
____48____ attention”可知，Bailey 在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey 应该更早
完成比赛”。故选 D。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay 延误；B. chance 机会；C. trouble
麻烦；D. excuse 借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____41____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，
Melanie Bailey 应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选 A。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge 裁判；B. volunteer 志愿者；C.
classmate 同学；D. competitor 参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着
一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选 D。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴 Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed 同意；B. returned 回来；C. stopped 停止；
D. promised 答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴 Danielle Lenoue。故选 C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后 Bailey 弯下腰，让 Lenoue 爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了 300
英尺，到 Lenoue 接受治疗的地方。A. medical 医疗的；B. public 公众的；C. constant 持续不断的；D. equal 平等的。根
据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue 很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention 意为“医疗救助”。故选
A。
【答案】41．D 42．A 43．D 45．C 48．A
考点四 语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、
判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有 2～3 道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合
思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要把握记叙文的主旨
大意，跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无
废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常
识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。
典例 1.（24-25 高三·湖北武汉·阶段练习） That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik always had a smile and a
positive attitude. It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the strength to keep going.
Even today, when I find myself strength with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can
bring joy to those around you, or even 15 strangers to the top of a mountain.
15．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：良好的态度可以给你周围的人带来快乐，甚至可以激励陌生人登上山顶。A. persuade
劝服；B. introduce 介绍；C. motivate 激励；D. recommend 推荐。根据上文“It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 13
to keep going.”可知，Mik 的态度一直激励着作者继续前行。故选 C。
【答案】 C
典例 2.（2023 年新高考 I 卷）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the
course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in
front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she
could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all
the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of
her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t
____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race,
but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【解析】35. 语篇层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret
秘密；B. display 展示；C. benefit 利益；D. exchange 交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the
way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get _______ attention”可知，Bailey 背着一个参赛者过终点，
并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良，故选 B。
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D
33. A 34. C 35. B
变式训练（2021 年浙江 1 月高考完形填空片段）
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three
miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by
mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much
55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．Course
【解析】 语篇层次题。根据文章末尾的 the project 可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文
章开头可知，作者被派去 Coronado National Forest 是为了一个为期 8 天的“项目(工程)”。叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述
一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首
尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目
【答案】B
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年全国甲卷）
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the
____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a
chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having
Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____.
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____,
especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to
the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while
they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater
and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships
like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my
grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B
33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room 客厅；
B. kitchen 厨房；C. yard 院子；D. dining hall 餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在
厨房洗碗。故选 B。
【22 题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always 一如既往；B. By the way 顺便说一
句；C. For example 例如；D. Here and now 此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her
childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选 A。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted 调整；B. promoted
促进；C. achieved 完成；D. experienced 经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指
祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选 D。
【24 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work 工作；B. school 学校；C. court 法院；D. press 出版社。根据下文“The
only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推
知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选 B。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored 赞成；B. tolerated
容忍；C. trusted 信任；D. acknowledged 承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并
结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选 A。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening 园艺；B. homework
家庭作业；C. business 商务；D.housework 家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指
作者祖母在家里做家务。故选 D。
【27 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise 锻炼；
B. study 学习；C. explore 探索；D. teach 教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family
tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选 B。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food 食物；B. guests
客人；C. lessons 课程；D. tea 茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和
家庭教师一起上语文课。故选 C。
【29 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely 仔细地、紧密地；B. directly 直
接地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. freely 自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was
having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓
住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选 A。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们
分享报纸的时候。A. professional 专业的；B. awkward 令人尴尬的；C. simple 简单的；D. practical 实用的。根据上文“This
training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，
此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选 D。
【31 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market 市场；B. mountain
山；C. beach 海滩；D. class 班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，
此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选 C。
【32 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret 秘密；
B. breath 呼吸；C. view 视野；D. tongue 舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged
underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选 B。
【33 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire 钦佩；B. notice 注意到；
C.adopt 采纳；D. value 重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”
可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选 A。
【34 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands 手；B. mouth 嘴；C. eyes
眼睛；D. arms 胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐
着。故选 C。
【35 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult 困难的；B. complex 复杂的；C. happy 快
乐的；D. similar 相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相
当快乐。故选 C。
【36 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful 感激的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. convinced
深信不疑的；D. regretful 后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自
己的童年是快乐的。故选 A。
【37 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon 思考；B. go through 经历；C. ask about
询问；D. prepare for 准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作
者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选 B。
【38 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment 失业；B. health 健康；C. education 教育；
D. communication 沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被
允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选 C。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我
的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend 出席；B. refer 参考；C. lead 领导；D. talk 对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，
再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹
的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选 D。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我
的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true 成真；B. come round 苏醒；C. come out 出现；D. come alive 变得生动。根据上文“I guess
our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my
history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。
故选 D。
2.（2023 年浙江卷 1 月）
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 41 a unique honey harvest.
Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱 )are placed in the 42 . Reaching them to get the honey is
difficult—and often 43 .
I 44 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He
45 handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 46 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with
one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 47 . He stopped every few
minutes to move the 48 higher up the tree trunk.
49 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 50
towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d
51 the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 52 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 53 . Baby bees were still in the
honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 54 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the
right 55 to go back up.
41．A．share B．collect C．celebrate D．witness
42．A．courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves
43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
44．A．searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited
45．A．gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked
46．A．shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated
47．A．jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing
48．A．hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey
49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
52．A．high B．early C．fast D．close
53．A．hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading
54．A．curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry
55．A．moment B．equipment C．person D．order
【答案】
41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．C
52．B 53．A 54．D 55．A
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者跟随埃塞俄比亚坚持传统养蜂技艺的 Ziyad，进行的一次独特的采蜜经历。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我此行是见证一次独特的采蜜行动。A. share 分享；B. collect 收集；C. celebrate 庆祝；
D. witness 见证；目睹。根据下文“I ____4____ beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.”
可知，作者是跟随经验丰富的养蜂人 Ziyad 见证埃塞俄比亚传统的采蜜方式。故选 D 项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在埃塞俄比亚东南部，手工制作的蜂箱被放在树顶。A. courtyards 庭院；B. fields 田野；
领域；C. treetops 树顶；D. caves 洞穴。根据下文“higher up the tree trunk.”可知，手工制作的蜂箱是放在树顶高处。故选 C
项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent 紧急的；B. dangerous 危险
的；C. expensive 昂贵的；D. pointless 毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ____14____ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped
from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选 B 项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跟随着养蜂人走过一片广阔的草地，进入茂密的丛林。A. searched 搜索；B. recognised
认出；C. followed 跟随；D. invited 邀请。根据前文“I was on my way to ____1____ a unique honey harvest.”可知，作者此行
是为了跟随经验丰富的养蜂人，近距离观察 Ziyad 如何采蜜。故选 C 项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用细绳把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. gathered
聚集、采集；B. cleaned 清除；C. dropped 掉落；D. checked 检查。根据下文“handfuls of damp tree leaves”可知，此处指 Ziyad
从丛林各处，收集一些潮湿的树叶。故选 A 项。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他采集了几捧潮湿的树叶，用线把它们包裹起来，最后点燃这捆树叶当火把。A. shook 摇
晃；B. lit 点燃；点亮；C. measured 测量；D. decorated 装饰。根据后文“to create a torch”可知，此空格处指点燃用细绳捆
扎的树叶当火把。故选 B 项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，将绳子的一头拴在腰间，另一头则缠绕在一棵大树的树干上。然后 Ziyad 开始向上
攀爬。A. jumping 跳；B. talking 谈话；C. testing 测试；D. climbing 攀爬。根据“higher up the tree trunk”可知，Ziyad 要向
上爬到树顶，才能采集到蜂蜜。故选 D 项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他每过一会儿就停下调整绳索位置，继续向上攀爬。A. hives 蜂房；B. leaves 树叶；C. rope
绳索；D. honey 蜂蜜。根据“Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree,”可知，
Ziyad 是通过不断调整绳索的位置，保证自己安全灵活地向上攀爬。故选 C 项。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad 最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有 20 米高。A. Finally 最终；B. Surprisingly 令
人意外地；C. Naturally 自然地；D. Immediately 立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to move the ____8____ higher
up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的 Ziyad 借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂巢的位置。故选 A 项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad 坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的一个小
孔里。A. backed 支持；B. dived 跳水；C. shouted 对……大声喊叫；D. inched 缓慢移动。根据上文“Reaching them to get the
honey is difficult—and often ____3____”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快
慢结合，此处指 Ziyad 小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选 D 项。
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off 切除；B. gone up 上升；C. slid down
滑下；D. held onto 抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.”和后文“was back
on the ground”可知，Ziyad 是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选 C 项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在采集蜂蜜还为时尚早。A. high 高的；B. early 早的；C. fast 快速的；D. close 亲近
的。根据下文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，现在蜜蜂幼虫
尚未成年，蜂蜜酿造完成还需要一段时日。故选 B 项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：夏天凉爽的温度延误了幼虫孵化。A. hatching 孵化；B. training 培训；C. sowing 播种；
D. trading 与……作交易；交换。根据“Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，此时蜜蜂宝宝较以往孵化时间
更晚，尚未成年。故选 A 项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad 从树上逃离之时，成年蜂群被激怒了，持续不断地攻击他。A. curious 好奇的；
B. hungry 饥饿的；C. bored 无聊的；D. angry 生气的。根据下文“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，蜜蜂被
外来侵入者激怒，不停地攻击 Ziyad。故选 D 项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他需要等待合适的时刻，再次爬上树顶采摘蜂蜜。A. moment 时刻；B. equipment 设备；
C. person 个人；D. order 点餐；命令。根据上文“A cool summer had delayed ____13____ . Baby bees were still in the
honeycombs(蜂巢).”可知，蜂蜜尚未形成，Ziyad 只好另待时机，等幼虫变成成年蜂后，再来采蜜。故选 A 项。
3.（2022 年浙江卷 6 月）
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____16____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I
throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out ____17____ he were flying, his
eyes wide with ____18____. His trust in me is ____19____ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge
sense of ____20____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____21____ , it will need more effort and sound
judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____23____ relationship that it’s something that can’t ____24____ to
lose. Every time I _____25_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and feels _____26_____ in the
knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____27_____ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to _____28_____ that, when he’s
swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
_____29_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____30_____ . It is something that every manager should
work hard to _____31_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to _____32_____ your directions and
willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____33_____ of trust can make people work against you rather than for you.
At the very least, it means that people are not going to be _____34_____ you their best. Good _____35_____, like good parenting,
is a long-term commitment.
16．A．deserveB．miss C．love D．know
17．A．as if B．in case C．even though D．so that
18．A．fear B．excitement C．doubt D．astonishment
19．A．reasonable B．limitedC．absolute D．important
20．A．relief B．satisfaction C．achievement D．responsibility
21．A．older B．busier C．quieter D．healthier
22．A．on my behalf B．on my part C．in my honor D．in my name
23．A．long-distanceB．high-risk C．parent-child D．teacher-student
24．A．afford B．choose C．wait D．expect
25．A．attach B．compare C．adjust D．introduce
26．A．safe B．happy C．proud D．grateful
27．A．Above all B．In addition C．At firstD．For example
28．A．admit B．believeC．suggest D．imagine
29．A．However B．Therefore C．Similarly D．Fortunately
30．A．affection B．determination C．friendship D．leadership
31．A．assess B．organize C．develop D．understand
32．A．repeat B．follow C．changeD．forget
33．A．gesture B．measure C．bond D．lack
34．A．telling B．giving C．selling D．sending
35．A．management B．personality C．communication D．education
【答案】
16．C 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．A 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30
．D 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．B 35．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve 值得；B. miss 错过；
C. love 爱；D. know 知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选 C 项。
17．考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as if 好像；B. in case
以防；C. even though 即使；D. so that 以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚拟语气，好像在飞。故选 A 项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear 害怕；B. excitement
兴奋；C. doubt 怀疑；D. astonishment 惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out 2 he were flying,”可知，
他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选 B 项。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A.
reasonable 合理的；B. limited 有限的；C. absolute 完全的，绝对的；D. important 重要的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”
可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任的。故选 C 项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我巨大的责任感。A. relief
宽慰；B. satisfaction 满意；C. achievement 成就；D. responsibility 责任。结合语境，此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父
亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选 D 项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和做
出正确的判断。A. older 年龄较大的；B. busier 较为忙的；C. quieter 较安静的；D. healthier 较健康的。根据下文“it will need
more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选 A 项。
22．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需要我付出更多努力和
做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf 代表我；B. on my part 就我来说；C. in my honor 以我的名誉；D. in my name 以我的名
义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选 B 项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. long-distance 长途
的；B. high-risk 高风险的；C. parent-child 父母子女的；D. teacher-student 师生的。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所
以是一中亲子关系。故选 C 项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。A. afford 支付得起；
B. choose 选择；C. wait 等待；D. expect 期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of a ____8____ relationship”可知，
它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选 A 项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道自
己不会受伤。 A. attach 贴上；B. compare 对比；C. adjust 调整； D. introduce 介绍。根据下文“to something new”可知，作
者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选 D 项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉得安全，因为他知道
自己不会受伤。A. safe 安全的；B. happy 快乐的；C. proud 自豪的； D. grateful 感激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只
是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选 A 项。
27．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去
救他。A. Above all 首先重要的是；B. In addition 除此之外；C. At first 首先；D. For example 例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky
to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选 D 项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，我能去救他。
A. admit 承认；B. believe 相信；C. suggest 建议；D. imagine 想象。根据上文“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味
着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选 B 项。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However 然而；B. Therefore 因
此；C. Similarly 相似地；D. Fortunately 幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于
强大的领导力也很重要。故选 C 项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection 感情；B. determination
决定；C. friendship 友谊；D. leadership 领导力。根据下文“It is something that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力
也很重要。故选 D 项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess 评估；B. organize 组织；C. develop
发展，培养；D. understand 理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选 C 项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat
重复；B. follow 跟随；C. change 改变； D. forget 忘记。根据上文“If people don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就
不太可能听从你的指示。故选 B 项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture 姿势；B. measure 测量；C. bond
纽带；D. lack 缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选 D
项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling 告诉；B. giving 给；C. selling 卖；
D. sending 发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选 B 项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A. management 管理；B. personality
个性；C. communication 交流；D. education 教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选 A
项。
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三·江苏泰州·期中）Recently Mom Elisa received a call from school about her 14-year-old son’s behavior in
the lunchroom. The boy toasted Pop-tarts for anyone who wanted them, and gave them out for free. Elisa explained that the family
kitchen was being built, 1 she had purchased a bunch of convenience foods that could be 2 in the
microwave or toaster, including Pop-Tarts. “I guess he saw how many we had and 3 we had plenty to share!” she said.
Her son, Mateo, is very 4 and generous. He is also a cancer 5 who once used money someone 6
him to buy toys for other sick kids. Elisa said, “A few years ago, someone gave him $100 as a gift when he started cancer 7
in the hospital.” He asked me to buy Lego 8 that he could give to other kids in the hospital.” Five years later, he’s just
as sweet and has no 9 of cancer.
The 10 mom shared her son’s story on the Internet and before long she had thousands of likes. When Elisa
realized the story had gotten 11 online, she decided to help others, just as her son always does. She threw out the
idea of 12 Pop-Tarts or other items to a local food bank, sending out the 13 to one near their home.
Within hours, the Food Collective had received so much web traffic that its website 14 . Elisa put out another link,
and that food bank started to fill up, too!
From there, the story continued to move in the best way possible. The Pop-Tarts company 15 to Elisa and
offered free Pop-Tarts for their family, her son’s school, and a generous donation to No Kid Hungry!
1．A．but B．yet C．thus D．so
2．A．boiled B．toasted C．prepared D．baked
3．A．figured B．decided C．denied D．suspected
4．A．lovely B．active C．confident D．sweet
5．A．survivor B．actor C．helper D．patient
6．A．sent B．supplied C．raised D．gifted
7．A．development B．treatment C．management D．improvement
8．A．pairs B．groups C．sets D．piles
9．A．mark B．sign C．signal D．sigh
10．A．proud B．excited C．worried D．warm-hearted
11．A．large B．popular C．wide D．far
12．A．sharing B．sending C．donating D．applying
13．A．food B．items C．link D．Pop-Tarts
14．A．trapped B．crashed C．over-crowded D．stuck
15．A．reached out B．sent out C．handed out D．gave out
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C
13．C 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了埃莉萨（Elisa）的 14 岁儿子马特奥（Mateo）在学校午餐室烤制 Pop-Tarts（一种
即食烤饼）并免费分发给需要的同学。他不仅是一个善良大方的孩子，还是一名癌症幸存者，曾将别人赠送的礼物钱用
于购买玩具送给医院里的其他患病儿童。埃莉萨将儿子的故事分享到网上后，迅速获得了广泛关注。受到儿子行为的启
发，埃莉萨提议向当地食物银行捐赠 Pop-Tarts 等物品，并得到了热烈响应。最终，Pop-Tarts 公司也注意到了这个故事，
并为埃莉萨的家庭、马特奥的学校以及“无饥饿儿童”组织捐赠了大量 Pop-Tarts。
1．考查连词词义辨析。句意：Elisa 解释说，家里正在建厨房，所以她买了一大堆可以在微波炉或烤面包机里准备的方便
食品，包括果酱馅饼。A. but 但是；B. yet 然而；C. thus 因此；D. so 所以。根据“the family kitchen was being built”可知，
因为家里正在建厨房，所以 Elisa 买了一大堆方便食品。故选 D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. boiled 烧开，煮沸；B. toasted 为……干杯；C. prepared 准备；D. baked 烘烤。根据
“a bunch of convenience foods”可知，这些方便食品是可以在微波炉或烤面包机里准备的。故选 C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我猜他看到我们有这么多，觉得我们有很多东西可以分享！”她说。A. figured 认为，计算；
B. decided 决定；C. denied 否认；D. suspected 怀疑。根据“we had plenty to share”可知，Mateo 认为家里有很多东西可以分
享。故选 A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的儿子，马特奥，非常善良和慷慨。A. lovely 可爱的；B. active 积极的；C. confident
自信的；D. sweet 善良的，令人愉快的。根据下文“Five years later, he’s just as sweet”可知，此处是信息词 sweet 的词汇复
现，表示 Mateo 非常善良。故选 D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也是一名癌症幸存者，曾经用别人送给他的钱给其他生病的孩子买玩具。A. survivor 幸
存者；B. actor 演员；C. helper 帮助者；D. patient 病人。根据“Five years later, he’s just as sweet and has no ____9____ of
cancer.”可知，Mateo 是一名癌症幸存者。故选 A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sent 发送；B. supplied 供应；C. raised 提升，增加；D. gifted 白送，白给。根据“A few
years ago, someone gave him $100 as a gift”可知，此处表示别人给他的钱。故选 D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Elisa 说:“几年前，当他开始在医院接受癌症治疗时，有人给了他 100 美元作为礼物。”A.
development 发展；B. treatment 治疗，处理；C. management 管理；D. improvement 改进，改善。根据“in the hospital.”可知，
他当时开始在医院接受癌症治疗。故选 B。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他让我买乐高套装，这样他就可以把它们送给医院里的其他孩子。A. pairs 对；B. groups
组；C. sets 一套；D. piles 堆。根据“Lego”可知，此处指购买乐高套装送给医院其他孩子。故选 C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年后，他还是那么善良，没有癌症的迹象。A. mark 记号，成绩；B. sign 迹象，标志；
C. signal 信号；D. sigh 叹气。根据“He is also a cancer ____5____”可知，他是一名癌症幸存者，因此没有癌症复发的迹象。
故选 B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位骄傲的妈妈在网上分享了她儿子的故事，不久她就得到了数千个点赞。A. proud 骄
傲的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. worried 担心的；D. warm-hearted 热心的。根据“Her son, Mateo, is very ____4____ and
generous.”可知，儿子的善良和慷慨让 Elisa 感到骄傲。故选 A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Elisa 意识到这个故事在网上很受欢迎时，她决定帮助别人，就像她儿子一直做的那样。
A. large 巨大的；B. popular 流行的，受欢迎的；C. wide 宽的；D. far 远的。根据“before long she had thousands of likes.”可
知，儿子的故事在网上很受欢迎。故选 B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抛出了向当地食品银行捐赠 Pop-Tarts 或其他物品的想法，并将链接发给了他们家附近
的一家食品银行。A. sharing 分享；B. sending 发送；C. donating 捐赠；D. applying 申请。根据“Pop-Tarts or other items to a
local food bank”可知，此处表示向当地食品银行捐赠 Pop-Tarts 或其他物品。故选 C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. food 食物；B. items 项目，条款；C. link 连接；D. Pop-Tarts 果酱馅饼。根据下文
“Elisa put out another link, and that food bank started to fill up, too!”可知，此处是信息词 link 的词汇复现。故选 C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：短短几个小时内，Food Collective 就收到了大量的网络流量，以至于网站崩溃了。A. trapped
使陷入困境；B. crashed 碰撞，崩溃；C. over-crowded 使过分拥挤；D. stuck 罢工，击打。根据“the Food Collective had received
so much web traffic”可知，由于收到的流量太多，网站崩溃了。故选 B。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Pop-Tarts 公司找到了 Elisa，为他们的家庭和她儿子的学校提供免费的 Pop-Tarts，并向
No Kid Hungry 组织慷慨捐款！A. reached out 伸手拿，接触或联系某人；B. sent out 发出，发送；C. handed out 拿出来；
D. gave out 分发。根据“offered free Pop-Tarts for their family, her son’s school, and a generous donation to No Kid Hungry!”可
知，Pop-Tarts 公司主动联系了 Elisa。故选 A。
2.（2024·湖南郴州·模拟预测）On a summer evening in 2014, my wife and I encountered a sad scene during our trip to the
grocery store. A man, who was incapable of 16 mental function, wrapped himself with an old advertisement banner (横
幅) as 17 in the bad weather. Although he seemed unresponsive to our inquiries, his circumstance 18 us deeply,
inspiring my wife’s suggestion to buy him 19 .
We bought some bread and returned, but he wasn’t there. We felt disappointed. Soon we found that he had 20 a
family of migrant laborers who were camping nearby. To our surprise, the family did not 21 his presence but warmly
treated him like one of their own. They 22 their humble meal around an open fire, ensuring that the man’s plate remained
23 . Observing this act of genuine 24 and compassion, we felt 25 for having missed the chance to directly
26 the man ourselves, but 27 the selfless nature of the migrant family. Poor as they were, they demonstrated
28 by sharing everything they had with someone in need.
Moved by their actions, we 29 the loaf of bread near the man and departed, realizing that true giving is about more
than 30 needs; it’s about extending empathy and solidarity (团结) to others, regardless of personal wealth or status.
16．A．normal B．actual C．foolish D．deep
17．A．amusement B．protection C．medicine D．treatment
18．A．encouraged B．defeated C．touched D．angered
19．A．food B．clothes C．water D．toys
20．A．left B．joined C．supported D．discovered
21．A．appreciate B．mind C．evaluate D．observe
22．A．cooked B．ordered C．watched D．shared
23．A．full B．healthful C．available D．reachable
24．A．cruelty B．distance C．kindness D．patience
25．A．satisfied B．annoyed C．relieved D．disappointed
26．A．help B．protect C．inform D．comfort
27．A．protested B．admired C．reflected D．recommended
28．A．diligence B．patience C．responsibility D．generosity
29．A．picked up B．checked out C．put down D．showed off
30．A．political B．mental C．material D．financial
【答案】
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．A 20．B 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．A
27．B 28．D 29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过一家不富有的人帮助一个流浪汉的亲身经历，意识到真正的给予不仅仅是物质上的
需要，还是对他人的同情和团结，无论个人财富或地位如何。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人，他不能正常的思维功能，把自己裹在一个旧的广告横幅，以保护自己在恶劣
的天气。A. normal 正常的；B. actual 实际的；C. foolish 愚蠢的；D. deep 深的。根据下文“wrapped himself with an old
advertisement banner(用一条旧的广告横幅把自己裹起来)”可知，这个人的思维是“不正常的”。故选 A 项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. amusement 娱乐；B. protection 保护；C. medicine 药物；D. treatment 对待。根据
下文“in the bad weather(在恶劣的天气里)”可知，这个人身裹条幅是为了在恶劣天气中得到“保护”。故选 B 项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他似乎对我们的询问没有反应，但他的情况深深地打动了我们，激发了我妻子给他
买食物的建议。A. encouraged 鼓励；B. defeated 击败；C. touched 打动；D. angered 生气。根据下文“inspiring my wife’s
suggestion to buy him(启发了我妻子给他买东西)”可知，此处是指他的情况“打动”了我们。故选 C 项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. food 食物；B. clothes 衣服；C. water 水；D. toys 玩具。根据下文“We bought some
bread and returned, but he wasn’t there.(我们买了一些面包回来，但他不在那里)”可知，此处是指为他买“食物”。故选 A 项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，我们发现他加入了一个在附近露营的农民工家庭。A. left 离开；B. joined 加入；
C. supported 支持；D. discovered 发现。根据下文“warmly treated him like one of their own.(像对待自己人一样热情地对待
他)”可知，此处是指他“加入”了一个农民工家庭。故选 B 项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊讶的是，这家人并不介意他的出现，而是热情地对待他，就像对待自己的家人
一样。A. appreciate 欣赏；B. mind 介意；C. evaluate 评估；D. observe 观察。根据下文“but warmly treated him like one of their
own.(而是热情地对待他，就像对待自己的亲人一样)”可知，这家人热情款待他，说明“不介意”他的出现。故选 B 项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们围着篝火分享了这顿简陋的饭，以确保这个人的盘子一直是满的。A. cooked 烹饪；
B. ordered 命令；C. watched 观看；D. shared 分享。根据下文“their humble meal around an open fire(他们围着篝火进餐)”可
知，此处是指围着篝火“分享”简陋的饭。故选 D 项。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. full 满的；B. healthful 有益于健康的；C. available 可用的；D. reachable 可达
成的。根据上文第 6 题的分析可知，这家人对他是非常热情款待，所以此处是指确保盘子是“满的”。故选 A 项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这个真正的善良和同情的行为，我们为错过了自己直接帮助这个人的机会而感到失
望，但也钦佩这个移民家庭的无私。A. cruelty 残酷；B. distance 距离；C. kindness 善良；D. patience 耐心。根据上文第 7
题和第 8 题的分析可知，这家人是很善良的，所以此处是指看到这家人的“善良”。故选 C 项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. satisfied 满意的；B. annoyed 恼怒的；C. relieved 宽慰的；D. disappointed 失望
的。根据下文的“missed the chance(错过机会)”可知，此处是指因为错过帮助机会而感到“失望”。故选 D 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. help 帮助；B. protect 保护；C. inform 告知；D. comfort 安慰。根据上文第 6 题
的分析可知，这家人热情地帮助了流浪汉，所以此处是指我们错过了“帮助”机会。故选 A 项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. protested 抗议；B. admired 羡慕；C. reflected 反射；D. recommended 推荐。根
据下文“the selfless nature of the migrant family(移民家庭无私的本性)”可知，此处是指“钦佩”这个家庭的无私。故选 B 项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然他们很穷，但他们慷慨大方，把自己所有的东西都分给有需要的人。A. diligence 勤
奋；B. patience 耐心；C. responsibility 责任；D. generosity 慷慨。根据下文“by sharing everything they had with someone in
need.(通过与有需要的人分享他们的一切)”可知，此处是指证明了他们“慷慨大方”。故选 D 项。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们被他们的行为所感动，把面包放在那个人身边，离开了，意识到真正的给予不仅仅
是物质上的需要；这是对他人的同情和团结，无论个人财富或地位如何。A. picked up 捡起；B. checked out 结账离开；C.
put down 放下；D. showed off 炫耀。根据上文“Moved by their actions(被他们的行为所感动)”可知，被感动后应该是把面包
“放在”那个人身边。故选 C 项。
30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. political 政治的；B. mental 精神的；C. material 物质的；D. financial 财政的。
根据下文“it’s about extending empathy and solidarity (团结) to others, regardless of personal wealth or status.(这是对他人的同
情和团结，无论个人财富或地位如何)”可知，提到了精神的需要，所以此处是指不仅仅是“物质上”的需要。故选 C 项。
