第 12 讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 2
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 句内层次题 4
考点三 句组层次题 6
考点四 语篇层次题 7
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 10
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
夹叙夹议文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，
可读性较强。文章记叙部分的内容积极、情节曲折动人；议论部分则是记叙的升华，兼具教育性和启发性。夹叙夹议文
“叙议兼顾”，既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙
议交替”的写作模式，叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。旨在记叙的基础上，通
过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。
解题时根据完形填空的解题思路兼备夹叙夹议文的体裁特征，根据叙事主线索和三个考向（句内层次、句组层次、
语篇层次），研读故事，瞻前顾后进行解答。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，
每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为
10 个词左右。首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没
有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 夹叙夹议文完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
分析结构，抓 借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住
住作者的观点 作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路
重视首句，把 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理
握文章主题 解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌
叙议兼顾，理
握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，
解议论内涵
再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换，理 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础
清逻辑关系 上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
1. 语意是否前后一致；
核对要点， 2. 上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
代入验证 3. 所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
4. 文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
二 具备全文意识
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，
把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型
特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，
推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不
通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
三 选项考点明辨析
重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语
境的考查。
1. 动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2. 名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3. 形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4. 副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
考点二 句内层次题
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。理清记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维
方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正
确答案。
1. 重视首句，把握文章主题。
2. 分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。
3. 利用上下文，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。
逻辑关系 例词
对立关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
名师提醒：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题
时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。
典例 1.（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）In 2014, Amy collapsed from a brain hemorrhage (脑溢血) while working. After a year
recovering at home, she 1 a course with the ambition to become a painter .
1．A．made use of B．looked forward to C．signed up for D．took pride in
【解析】句内层次题。文章是夹叙夹议文，主要讲述得了脑溢血的艾米在康复后视力模糊，但仍然坚持成为一名画家的
故事。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在家康复一年后，她报名参加了一门课程，立志成为一名画家。A. made use of 利
用；B. looked forward to 期待；C. signed up for 报名参加；D. took pride in 以……骄傲。根据下文“a course with the ambition
to become a 2.”可知，在艾米康复之后去报名参加了一门课程。故选 C。
【答案】C
典例 2（. 23-24 高三·福建福州·模拟试题）The amount and scale (规模) of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary
people. But with hard work and determination, anyone can 16 great things.
16．A．turn B．store C．achieve D．Promise
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了尹玉珍在沙漠中植树造林的真实故事，展现人类对抗自然困境的勇气与毅力。
16 题是句内层次题。。句意：但只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以实现伟大的事情。A. turn 转变；B. store 储存；C. achieve
实现；D. promise 承诺。前面说到“The amount and scale(规模)of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary
people.”，But 表转折，是想强调只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以“实现”伟大的事情。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
变式训练（23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）We never stop learning. The most important skill I 31 at school was keeping a
routine.
31．A．made up B．picked up C．put off D．held back
【解析】句内层次题。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在学校学到的最重要的技能是保持日常生活的习惯。A. made up 弥
补；B. picked up 学习；C. put off 推迟；D. held back 撤回。根据空后“at school”可知，作者在学校学到了重要的技能。故
选 B。
【答案】31．B
考点三 句组层次题
解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前
后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
2．利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
3．利用逻辑关系解题
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根
据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。
典例 1.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校 2024 年试题）
One day, Tim came home from school. His face was filled with sadness and 21 . His classmate had said hurtful
things to him, 22 Tim to feel upset and discouraged.
21．A．hope B．confidence C．improvement D．anger
22．A．confusing B．attracting C．causing D．Assisting
【解析】根据句组间逻辑关系表并列 sadness 与 anger; 22 题因果关系。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上充满了悲伤和愤怒。A. hope 希望；B. confidence 自信；C. improvement 改善；
D. anger 生气。根据上文的“with sadness”和下文“His classmate had said hurtful things to him”可知，anger 与 sadness 匹配，
此处指蒂姆的表情是悲伤和生气的。故选 D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的同学对他说了些伤人的话，使蒂姆感到沮丧和沮丧。A. confusing 使困惑；B. attracting
吸引；C. causing 引起；D. assisting 帮助。根据下文“Tim to feel upset and discouraged.”可知，同学们的行为引起 Tim 不好
的情绪。故选 C。
【答案】21．D 22．C
典例 2.（23-24 高三·福建福州·模拟试题）
One such person is Yin Yuzhen. At a young age, Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the
desert. She felt 17 . To cheer herself up and improve the 18 environment, Yin began planting trees to ta
ke 19 back from the desert.
17．A．lonely B．sorry C．free D．well
18．A．friendly B．changing C．protected D．tough
19．A．air B．land C．food D．energy
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了尹玉珍在沙漠中植树造林的真实故事，展现人类对抗自然困境的勇气与毅力。17、
18、19 均为句组层次题。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到孤独。A. lonely 孤独的；B. sorry 遗憾的；C. free 自由的；D. well 好的。根据上
文的“Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert”可知，搬到沙漠，她自然会感到孤独。故选 A 项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A.
friendly 友好的；B. changing 改变中的；C. protected 受保护的；D. tough 艰难的，恶劣的。根据上下文的“desert”可知，
Yin Yuzhen 所处的沙漠环境显然是恶劣的。故选 D 项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A. air
空气；B. land 土地；C. food 食物；D. energy 能量。根据前文的“planting trees”可知，种植树木是为了阻止沙漠化，从沙
漠中夺回“土地”。故选 B 项。
【答案】 17．A 18．D 19．B
变式训练（23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）But it’s easy to forget the bigger picture. I got so accustomed to the same old things that
I would often forget about all of the other fun and exciting 41 college had to offer.
It wasn’t until my junior year that I really started setting time aside to explore things that were 42 to me.
41．A．chances B．holidays C．movies D．lectures
42．A．affordable B．effective C．fascinating D．scientific
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者对日常生活习惯的看法和经历，强调在保持习惯的同时，也要尝试新事物，
以适应生活的变化，避免生活陷入自动驾驶状态。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我如此习惯了做相同的事情，以至于我经常会忘记大学提供的所有其他有趣和令人兴奋
的机会。A. chances 机会；B. holidays 假期；C. movies 电影；D. lectures 讲座。根据空后“college had to offer”可知，大学
会提供的给学生接触有趣的让人兴奋的事情的机会。故选 A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到我大三的时候，我才真正开始抽出时间去探索那些对我来说很有趣的东西。A. affordable
负担得起的；B. effective 有效的；C. fascinating 极有吸引力的；D. scientific 科学的。根据上文“all of the other fun and
exciting ___11___ college had to offer.”可知，作者去探索那些对他来说极有吸引力的东西。故选 C。
【答案】 41．A 42．C
考点四 语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、
判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有 2～3 道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合
思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸
瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中
无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合
理推断、耐心作答。
典例 1.（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）In 2014, Amy collapsed from a brain hemorrhage (脑溢血) while working. After a year
recovering at home, she sighed up for a course with the ambition to become a 2 .
However, occasional vision disturbance was still presen , influencing the amount of energy she could give to the
course. Further complications (并发症) left the young artist almost completely blind, making it difficult to see a whole figure. It’s
particularly depressing because it seemed to ruined her optimism to be a painter!
2．A．teacher B．doctor C．worker D．painter
典例 2（. 23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）We never stop learning. The most important skill I picked up at school was keeping a
routine. Routines allow us to develop a rhythm to our lives, but they also have their disadvantages .
It can be easy to get so used to your routine that you don’t realize you’re no longer aware of your time. This can stop
34 , which means you start living your life on autopilot (自动驾驶）.
34．A．service B．play C．explanation D．advance
一、 真题实战
1（. 2024 年全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone
in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a
chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having
Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____.
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____,
especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to
the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while
they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater
and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships
like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my
grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
2.（2019 江苏卷）
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species( 物种 ) that are ___36___ every day. The
white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their
___39___ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___,
though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She
___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ____45____ for her to
become a mother.
____46____, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and
efforts, they successfully developed a ____47____ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This ____48____
Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ____49____, more efforts must be made, because
the population of the crane in the wild is on the ____50____, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.
____51____, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we ____52____ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals Chris and Tim offered us the
____53____: human beings took it for granted that their ____54____ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better
____55____.
36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story
40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
50. A. list B. rise C. agenda D. decline
51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·安徽芜湖·模拟预测）I grew up with my identical twin. One thing about being a 1 is that it makes you
an expert in spotting favoritism (偏爱). If his cookie was slightly bigger than mine, I was 2 although I wasn’t hungry.
When I became a psychologist, I began to 3 how much more we 4 the body than we do the mind. I
spent nine years earning my doctorate (博士学位) in psychology, and I can’t tell you how many people look at my business card
and say, “Oh — a psychologist. So, not a 5 doctor.” This favoritism we show the body over the mind can be seen
everywhere.
I was at my friends’ house, and their five-year-old was standing on a stool (凳子), brushing his teeth. His skin on his leg
was 6 when he fell from the stool. He immediately 7 for a box of Band-Aids to put one on his cut. This kid
could 8 tie his shoelaces, but he knew he had to 9 a cut. We all know how to look after our physical health.
But what about our psychological health Well, nothing.
We 10 psychological injuries even more often than we do physical ones, injuries like failure or loneliness.
However, we often 11 them. Even though there are scientific techniques to 12 psychological injuries, we
don’t. “Oh, you’re feeling depressed Just 13 ; it’s all in your head.” Can you imagine saying that to somebody with a
broken 14 : “Oh, just walk it off.”
It’s time we made our physical and our psychological 15 more equal, more like twins.
1．A．hero B．twin C．winner D．artist
2．A．weak B．tired C．upset D．embarrassed
3．A．notice B．doubt C．worry D．deny
4．A．fuel B．value C．defend D．affect
5．A．private B．real C．potential D．responsible
6．A．burned B．twisted C．damaged D．dirtied
7．A．made up B．went in C．watched out D．reached out
8．A．readily B．voluntarily C．hardly D．carefully
9．A．avoid B．cover C．expose D．hide
10．A．dislike B．escape C．suffer D．overcome
11．A．fear B．hug C．ignore D．mistake
12．A．treat B．discover C．predict D．replace
13．A．keep it up B．check it out C．work it out D．shake it off
14．A．leg B．head C．back D．arm
15．A．benefit B．health C．wealth D．fame
2.（23-24 高三·河南驻马店·阶段练习）I had to leave school at a young age because of my poor family. I decided to go
back to college to 16 my dream at 42. Could I balance the 17 as a student, mom and wife I managed to 18
enough money for my first semester though our budget was 19 . But I had no idea how I would pay for anything beyond
that. With a step of faith, I 20 .
Studying with kids half my age, I had to 21 myself to learn new things. After the initial first weeks passed,
however, a balance was 22 between my studying and living.
How to make ends meet at home was still my 23 . But one day, a professor mentioned that grant money (助学金)
was 24 to students like me. So I began the application process. 25 , I received a call from my professor telling me
that I was selected weeks later. I’d have to 26 some volunteer hours as required by the grant program, but the remainder
of my college expenses would be 27 . I hung up the phone with teary eyes. I couldn’t believe my dream was becoming a
28 .
For another two years. I continued taking summer sessions. For the next eighteen years, I taught in a primary school. I told
students my 29 of how I achieved my dream all my life.
If you’re working on something that you really care about, you don’t have to be 30 . The dream pulls you.
16．A．transform B．pursue C．acknowledge D．confirm
17．A．roles B．models C．conflicts D．stresses
18．A．donate B．win C．lend D．spare
19．A．unlimited B．sufficient C．tight D．balanced
20．A．stepped forward B．took off C．stayed up D．moved around
21．A．behave B．amuse C．prove D．challenge
22．A．disturbed B．restored C．achieved D．shifted
23．A．relief B．concern C．curiosity D．resolution
24．A．unique B．available C．related D．familiar
25．A．Luckily B．Naturally C．Accidentally D．Undoubtedly
26．A．manage B．skip C．invest D．record
27．A．updated B．charged C．registered D．covered
28．A．fantasy B．reality C．secret D．belief
29．A．story B．adventure C．discovery D．theory
30．A．motivated B．recognized C．pushed D．exposed第 12 讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 句内层次题 6
考点三 句组层次题 7
考点三 语篇层次题 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 13
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
夹叙夹议文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，
可读性较强。文章记叙部分的内容积极、情节曲折动人；议论部分则是记叙的升华，兼具教育性和启发性。夹叙夹议文
“叙议兼顾”，既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙
议交替”的写作模式，叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。旨在记叙的基础上，通
过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。
解题时根据完形填空的解题思路兼备夹叙夹议文的体裁特征，根据叙事主线索和三个考向（句内层次、句组层次、
语篇层次），研读故事，瞻前顾后进行解答。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，
每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为
10 个词左右。首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没
有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 夹叙夹议文完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
分析结构，抓 借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住
住作者的观点 作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路
重视首句，把 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理
握文章主题 解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌
叙议兼顾，理
握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，
解议论内涵
再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换，理 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础
清逻辑关系 上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
1. 语意是否前后一致；
核对要点， 2. 上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
代入验证 3. 所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
4. 文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。
句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
二 具备全文意识
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，，理清脉络，
把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅读时根据题型
特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的态度和观点，
推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不
通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。
三 选项考点明辨析
重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语
境的考查。
1. 动词：动词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。包括动词词组。
2. 名词：名词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
3. 形容词：形容词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
4. 副词：副词的词义辨析。形似、意近、根据语境辨析的。
考点二 句内层次题
句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。理清记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维
方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正
确答案。
1. 重视首句，把握文章主题。
2. 分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。
3. 利用上下文，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。
逻辑关系 例词
对立关系： but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
名师提醒：完形填空的每一个空都不是孤立存在的，除了词义和用法的考查，句中及全文的逻辑关系是重要线索。解题
时应在整体把握文章脉络的基础上，按照行文逻辑进行合理推断。
典例 1.（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）In 2014, Amy collapsed from a brain hemorrhage (脑溢血) while working. After a year
recovering at home, she 1 a course with the ambition to become a painter .
1．A．made use of B．looked forward to C．signed up for D．took pride in
【解析】句内层次题。文章是夹叙夹议文，主要讲述得了脑溢血的艾米在康复后视力模糊，但仍然坚持成为一名画家的
故事。考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在家康复一年后，她报名参加了一门课程，立志成为一名画家。A. made use of 利
用；B. looked forward to 期待；C. signed up for 报名参加；D. took pride in 以……骄傲。根据下文“a course with the ambition
to become a 2.”可知，在艾米康复之后去报名参加了一门课程。故选 C。
【答案】C
典例 2（. 23-24 高三·福建福州·模拟试题）The amount and scale (规模) of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary
people. But with hard work and determination, anyone can 16 great things.
16．A．turn B．store C．achieve D．Promise
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了尹玉珍在沙漠中植树造林的真实故事，展现人类对抗自然困境的勇气与毅力。
16 题是句内层次题。。句意：但只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以实现伟大的事情。A. turn 转变；B. store 储存；C. achieve
实现；D. promise 承诺。前面说到“The amount and scale(规模)of environmental issues may seem too much for ordinary
people.”，But 表转折，是想强调只要有努力和决心，任何人都可以“实现”伟大的事情。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
变式训练（23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）We never stop learning. The most important skill I 31 at school was keeping a
routine.
31．A．made up B．picked up C．put off D．held back
【解析】句内层次题。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在学校学到的最重要的技能是保持日常生活的习惯。A. made up 弥
补；B. picked up 学习；C. put off 推迟；D. held back 撤回。根据空后“at school”可知，作者在学校学到了重要的技能。故
选 B。
【答案】31．B
考点三 句组层次题
解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需前瞻后顾，综合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前
后再找信息源。
1．利用语义复现解题
2．利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
3．利用逻辑关系解题
4．利用语境暗示分析法解题
句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根
据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。
典例 1.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校 2024 年试题）
One day, Tim came home from school. His face was filled with sadness and 21 . His classmate had said hurtful
things to him, 22 Tim to feel upset and discouraged.
21．A．hope B．confidence C．improvement D．anger
22．A．confusing B．attracting C．causing D．Assisting
【解析】根据句组间逻辑关系表并列 sadness 与 anger; 22 题因果关系。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上充满了悲伤和愤怒。A. hope 希望；B. confidence 自信；C. improvement 改善；
D. anger 生气。根据上文的“with sadness”和下文“His classmate had said hurtful things to him”可知，anger 与 sadness 匹配，
此处指蒂姆的表情是悲伤和生气的。故选 D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的同学对他说了些伤人的话，使蒂姆感到沮丧和沮丧。A. confusing 使困惑；B. attracting
吸引；C. causing 引起；D. assisting 帮助。根据下文“Tim to feel upset and discouraged.”可知，同学们的行为引起 Tim 不好
的情绪。故选 C。
【答案】21．D 22．C
典例 2.（23-24 高三·福建福州·模拟试题）
One such person is Yin Yuzhen. At a young age, Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the
desert. She felt 17 . To cheer herself up and improve the 18 environment, Yin began planting trees to ta
ke 19 back from the desert.
17．A．lonely B．sorry C．free D．well
18．A．friendly B．changing C．protected D．tough
19．A．air B．land C．food D．energy
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了尹玉珍在沙漠中植树造林的真实故事，展现人类对抗自然困境的勇气与毅力。17、
18、19 均为句组层次题。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到孤独。A. lonely 孤独的；B. sorry 遗憾的；C. free 自由的；D. well 好的。根据上
文的“Yin moved to Inner Mongolia to live with her husband in the desert”可知，搬到沙漠，她自然会感到孤独。故选 A 项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A.
friendly 友好的；B. changing 改变中的；C. protected 受保护的；D. tough 艰难的，恶劣的。根据上下文的“desert”可知，
Yin Yuzhen 所处的沙漠环境显然是恶劣的。故选 D 项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了让自己振作起来并改善恶劣的环境，尹开始种植树木，以从沙漠中夺回土地。A. air
空气；B. land 土地；C. food 食物；D. energy 能量。根据前文的“planting trees”可知，种植树木是为了阻止沙漠化，从沙
漠中夺回“土地”。故选 B 项。
【答案】 17．A 18．D 19．B
变式训练（23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）But it’s easy to forget the bigger picture. I got so accustomed to the same old things that
I would often forget about all of the other fun and exciting 41 college had to offer.
It wasn’t until my junior year that I really started setting time aside to explore things that were 42 to me.
41．A．chances B．holidays C．movies D．lectures
42．A．affordable B．effective C．fascinating D．scientific
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者对日常生活习惯的看法和经历，强调在保持习惯的同时，也要尝试新事物，
以适应生活的变化，避免生活陷入自动驾驶状态。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我如此习惯了做相同的事情，以至于我经常会忘记大学提供的所有其他有趣和令人兴奋
的机会。A. chances 机会；B. holidays 假期；C. movies 电影；D. lectures 讲座。根据空后“college had to offer”可知，大学
会提供的给学生接触有趣的让人兴奋的事情的机会。故选 A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到我大三的时候，我才真正开始抽出时间去探索那些对我来说很有趣的东西。A. affordable
负担得起的；B. effective 有效的；C. fascinating 极有吸引力的；D. scientific 科学的。根据上文“all of the other fun and
exciting ___11___ college had to offer.”可知，作者去探索那些对他来说极有吸引力的东西。故选 C。
【答案】 41．A 42．C
考点四 语篇层次题
语篇层次题要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、
判断，从而做出正确的选择。这类题难度较大，一篇完形填空中，大约有 2～3 道此类题。不急于解答，读完全文后综合
思维再做判定。语篇层次题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时对这类题目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，顺藤摸
瓜，仔细比对，最终得出答案。
1. 利用语义复现解题
2. 利用总分结构或对比结构分析法解题
3. 利用逻辑关系解题
语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中
无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合
理推断、耐心作答。
典例 1.（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）In 2014, Amy collapsed from a brain hemorrhage (脑溢血) while working. After a year
recovering at home, she sighed up for a course with the ambition to become a 2 .
However, occasional vision disturbance was still presen , influencing the amount of energy she could give to the
course. Further complications (并发症) left the young artist almost completely blind, making it difficult to see a whole figure. It’s
particularly depressing because it seemed to ruined her optimism to be a painter!
2．A．teacher B．doctor C．worker D．painter
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第 1 题详解。A. teacher 老师；B. doctor 医生；C. worker 工人；D. painter 画家。根
据下文“...it seemed to _6__ her optimism to be a painter!”可知，艾米是打算成为一名画家。故选 D。
【答案】D
典例 2（. 23-24 高三·四川成都·期末）We never stop learning. The most important skill I picked up at school was keeping a
routine. Routines allow us to develop a rhythm to our lives, but they also have their disadvantages .
It can be easy to get so used to your routine that you don’t realize you’re no longer aware of your time. This can stop
34 , which means you start living your life on autopilot (自动驾驶）.
34．A．service B．play C．explanation D．advance
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这会阻止进步，这意味着你开始自动驾驶你的生活。A. service
服务；B. play 游戏；C. explanation 解释；D. advance 进步。根据上文“Routines allow us to develop a rhythm to our lives, but
they also have their ___2___ .”可知，习惯也会有不利的一面，此处表示这会阻止人们的进步。故选 D。
【答案】 D
一、 真题实战
1（. 2024 年全国甲卷）One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone
in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a
chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to
stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having
Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____.
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____,
especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to
the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while
they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ — her ability to open her ____34____ underwater
and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships
like she did. I've never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my
grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B
33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。
【21 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room 客厅；
B. kitchen 厨房；C. yard 院子；D. dining hall 餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在
厨房洗碗。故选 B。
【22 题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always 一如既往；B. By the way 顺便说一
句；C. For example 例如；D. Here and now 此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her
childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选 A。
【23 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted 调整；B. promoted
促进；C. achieved 完成；D. experienced 经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指
祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选 D。
【24 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work 工作；B. school 学校；C. court 法院；D. press 出版社。根据下文“The
only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推
知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选 B。
【25 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored 赞成；B. tolerated
容忍；C. trusted 信任；D. acknowledged 承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并
结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选 A。
【26 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening 园艺；B. homework
家庭作业；C. business 商务；D.housework 家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指
作者祖母在家里做家务。故选 D。
【27 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise 锻炼；
B. study 学习；C. explore 探索；D. teach 教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family
tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选 B。
【28 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food 食物；B. guests
客人；C. lessons 课程；D. tea 茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和
家庭教师一起上语文课。故选 C。
【29 题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely 仔细地、紧密地；B. directly 直
接地；C. nervously 紧张地；D. freely 自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was
having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓
住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选 A。
【30 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写——这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们
分享报纸的时候。A. professional 专业的；B. awkward 令人尴尬的；C. simple 简单的；D. practical 实用的。根据上文“This
training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，
此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选 D。
【31 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market 市场；B. mountain
山；C. beach 海滩；D. class 班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，
此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选 C。
【32 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret 秘密；
B. breath 呼吸；C. view 视野；D. tongue 舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged
underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选 B。
【33 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire 钦佩；B. notice 注意到；
C.adopt 采纳；D. value 重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”
可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选 A。
【34 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands 手；B. mouth 嘴；C. eyes
眼睛；D. arms 胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐
着。故选 C。
【35 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult 困难的；B. complex 复杂的；C. happy 快
乐的；D. similar 相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相
当快乐。故选 C。
【36 题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful 感激的；B. surprised 惊讶的；C. convinced
深信不疑的；D. regretful 后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自
己的童年是快乐的。故选 A。
【37 题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon 思考；B. go through 经历；C. ask about
询问；D. prepare for 准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作
者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选 B。
【38 题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment 失业；B. health 健康；C. education 教育；
D. communication 沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被
允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选 C。
【39 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我
的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend 出席；B. refer 参考；C. lead 领导；D. talk 对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，
再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹
的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选 D。
【40 题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我
的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true 成真；B. come round 苏醒；C. come out 出现；D. come alive 变得生动。根据上文“I guess
our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my
history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。
故选 D。
2.（2019 江苏卷）
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species( 物种 ) that are ___36___ every day. The
white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma, a female crane, has been in their
___39___ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___,
though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She
___43___ to live with male cranes, and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them, which made it ____45____ for her to
become a mother.
____46____, the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and
efforts, they successfully developed a ____47____ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This ____48____
Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ____49____, more efforts must be made, because
the population of the crane in the wild is on the ____50____, and many other species appear headed toward extinction.
____51____, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we ____52____ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals Chris and Tim offered us the
____53____: human beings took it for granted that their ____54____ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better
____55____.
36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing
37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove
38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration
39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story
40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized
41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice
42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully
43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated
44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation
45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible
46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead
47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system
48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled
49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant
50. A. list B. rise C. agenda D. decline
51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary
52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify
53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward
54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects
55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion
【答案】36. D37. B38. C39. A40. C41. B42. A43. B44. D45. D46. C47. A48. D49. C50. D51. B52. B53. C54. A55. A
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之
一。但是，有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。如 Chris 和 Tim 通过努力，帮助一只名叫 Emma 的雌鹤繁殖
了五只幼鹤。
【36 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. growing 生长；B. migrating 迁移；C. competing 竞争；D. disappearing 消失。根据第一句
“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推
知，野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁，每天都有一些物种灭绝，即：“消失”。D 选项正确。
【37 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. ban 禁止；B. save 挽救，保护；C. split 分裂；D. remove 移除。前文提到每天都有物种
消失，那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种，使它们免于灭绝。故 B 选项正确。
【38 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. abortion 堕胎；B. recreation 娱乐；C. reproduction 繁殖；D. administration 管理。上文最
后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种，由此推知，该处应指 Chris 和 Tim 帮助濒危物种繁殖，增加它们的数
量，这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指“繁殖”，C 选项正确。
【39 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. care 照顾；B. eye 眼睛；C. mind 思想；D. story 故事。自从 2004 年，Emma 一直由 Chris
和 Tim 照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选 A。
【40 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. found 发现；B. chosen 选择；C. raised 抚养；D. seized 抓住。根据空后的“human
caretakers”可知，caretaker 当然是照看 Emma 的。故该句应指：出生在一个国际鹤基地，Emma 由人类抚养照看。故选 C。
【41 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. bonus 奖金；B. consequence 结果；C. victory 胜利；D. sacrifice 牺牲。根据空后的 though
（尽管）可知，though 前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到，她过得很开心。根据转折关系，那么前文应该表示“但
是这导致了出乎意料的结果”。B 选项正确。
【42 题详解】考查副词辨析。A. never 从未；B. always 总是；C. unluckily 不幸运地；D. cheerfully 愉快地。根据下文中的
“become deeply attached to humans...even ...killing some of them”等内容可知，因为 Emma 一直由人类照看，所以它没有将
自己看作是一只鹤，而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选 A。
【43 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. liked 喜欢；B. refused 拒绝；C. decided 拒绝；D. hesitated 犹豫。根据上文，Emma 不把
自己当作鹤，所以它“拒绝”和雄鹤生活在一起。B 选项正确。
【44 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. gift 礼物；B. skill 技巧；C. concern 涉及；D. reputation 名声。根据 even（甚至）这个递
进关系可知，Emma 不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而“臭名昭著”。故 D 选项正确。
【45 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. illegal 非法的；B. inspiring 鼓舞人心的；C. important 重要的；D. impossible 不可能的。
Emma 拒绝和雄鹤生活，这当然使得她“不可能”生育小鹤，成为妈妈。D 选项正确。
【46 题详解】考查连接副词。A. Therefore 因此；B. Moreover 而且；C. However 然而；D. Instead 反而。上文提到 Emma
拒绝和雄鹤生活，使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知，上下文之
间是转折关系。C 选项正确。
【47 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. combination 结合；B. collection 收集；C. strategy 策略；D. system 体系。经过努力，Chris
和 Tim 成功的将“人工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起。A 选项正确。
【48 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. forced 强迫；B. forbade 禁止；C. taught 教；D. enabled 使能够。Chris 和 Tim 成功的将“人
工繁殖”和“自然繁殖”结合在一起，这使得 Emma 诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为“使……能够做某事”，D 选项
正确。
【49 题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. defeated 被打败的；B. grateful 感激的；C. assured 使确信；D. tolerant 忍耐的。根据后
文的 more efforts must be made 可以推知，尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲，但是他们还需要付出更多努力，因为野生
鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心（白鹤不会灭绝）。故选 C。
【50 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. list 清单；B. rise 上升；C. agenda 议程；D. decline 下降。前后句之间是因果关系，根据
more efforts must be made 可以推知，野生白鹤数量在减少，所以，还要付出更多的努力（来挽救白鹤灭绝）。故 D 选项
正确。
【51 题详解】考查介词短语。A. In contrast 相反；B. After all 毕竟；C. By the way 顺便问一下；D. On the contrary 相反地。
前文提到野生白鹤数量正在减少，很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到，并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思
想，感情，以及平等生存的权利。很明显，该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故 B 选项正确。
【52 题详解】考查动词辨析。A. leave 离开；B. bridge 搭桥，弥合；C. open 开；D. identify 确认。针对上文提到的很多物
种灭绝这种现象，作者提出一个问题：我们如何来弥合将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？B 选项正确。
【53 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. course 课程；B. excuse 借口；C. answer 答案；D. reward 回报。前文提出一个问题：我
们如何来弥合将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢？Chris 和 Tim 的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C 选项正确。
【54 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. brains 大脑；B. behaviors 行为；C. services 服务；D. projects 工程。根据下文中的“hold all
the solutions”可以推断出，人类认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。即：人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决
办法。A 选项正确。
【55 题详解】考查名词辨析。A. guide 指导，指引；B. treat 对待；C. example 例子；D. companion 同伴。根据转折词 but
可以推知，人类想当然的认为自己的“大脑”掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们的新是更好的指引。故 A 选项正确。
二、 命题演练
1.（2024·安徽芜湖·模拟预测）I grew up with my identical twin. One thing about being a 1 is that it makes you
an expert in spotting favoritism (偏爱). If his cookie was slightly bigger than mine, I was 2 although I wasn’t hungry.
When I became a psychologist, I began to 3 how much more we 4 the body than we do the mind. I
spent nine years earning my doctorate (博士学位) in psychology, and I can’t tell you how many people look at my business card
and say, “Oh — a psychologist. So, not a 5 doctor.” This favoritism we show the body over the mind can be seen
everywhere.
I was at my friends’ house, and their five-year-old was standing on a stool (凳子), brushing his teeth. His skin on his leg
was 6 when he fell from the stool. He immediately 7 for a box of Band-Aids to put one on his cut. This kid
could 8 tie his shoelaces, but he knew he had to 9 a cut. We all know how to look after our physical health.
But what about our psychological health Well, nothing.
We 10 psychological injuries even more often than we do physical ones, injuries like failure or loneliness.
However, we often 11 them. Even though there are scientific techniques to 12 psychological injuries, we
don’t. “Oh, you’re feeling depressed Just 13 ; it’s all in your head.” Can you imagine saying that to somebody with a
broken 14 : “Oh, just walk it off.”
It’s time we made our physical and our psychological 15 more equal, more like twins.
1．A．hero B．twin C．winner D．artist
2．A．weak B．tired C．upset D．embarrassed
3．A．notice B．doubt C．worry D．deny
4．A．fuel B．value C．defend D．affect
5．A．private B．real C．potential D．responsible
6．A．burned B．twisted C．damaged D．dirtied
7．A．made up B．went in C．watched out D．reached out
8．A．readily B．voluntarily C．hardly D．carefully
9．A．avoid B．cover C．expose D．hide
10．A．dislike B．escape C．suffer D．overcome
11．A．fear B．hug C．ignore D．mistake
12．A．treat B．discover C．predict D．replace
13．A．keep it up B．check it out C．work it out D．shake it off
14．A．leg B．head C．back D．arm
15．A．benefit B．health C．wealth D．fame
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A
13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过双胞胎经历和小孩处理伤口的例子，揭示人们对身体与心理伤害的不同态度，
强调应重视并平等对待心理健康。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为双胞胎之一，你会成为发现偏袒的专家。A. hero 英雄；B. twin 双胞胎；C. winner 胜
者；D. artist 艺术家。根据上文“I grew up with my identical twin.”可知，作为双胞胎之一，作者成为发现偏爱的专家。故选
B。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果他的饼干比我的稍微大一点，我就会不高兴，尽管我不饿。A. weak 虚弱的；B. tired
疲惫的；C. upset 不高兴的；D. embarrassed 尴尬的。根据上文“If his cookie was slightly bigger than mine”可知，作者会因
为饼干大小的不平等而感到不高兴。故选 C。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我成为一名心理学家时，我开始注意到我们多么多地重视身体而不是思想。A. notice 注
意到；B. doubt 怀疑；C. worry 担心；D. deny 否认。根据空后“how much more we ____4____ the body than we do the
mind”可知，这是作者成为心理学家后注意到的现象。故选 A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我成为一名心理学家时，我开始注意到我们多么多地重视身体而不是思想。A. fuel
给……提供燃料；B. value 重视；C. defend 防御；D. affect 影响。根据下文“This favoritism we show the body over the mind can
be seen everywhere.”可知，这里是指人们更重视身体而非心理。故选 B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我花了九年时间获得心理学博士学位，但我不能告诉你有多少人看了我的名片后说：“哦，
心理学家。所以，不是真正的医生。”A. private 私人的；B. real 真实的；C. potential 潜在的；D. responsible 负责的。根据
上文“Oh—a psychologist.”以及空前“So, not a”可知，人们认为心理学家不是“真正的”医生，因为他们通常将“医生”这个词
与治疗身体疾病的医疗专家联系在一起。故选 B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从凳子上摔下来时，腿上的皮肤擦伤了。A. burned 烧伤；B. twisted 扭曲；C. damaged
损伤；D. dirtied 弄脏。根据下文“when he fell from the stool”及常识可知，从凳子上摔下来可能会导致皮肤擦伤或受损。故
选 C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他立刻伸手去拿一盒创可贴贴在他的伤口上。A. made up 组成；B. went in 进入；C. watched
out 小心；D. reached out 伸出。根据下文“for a box of Band-Aids to put one on his cut”可知，小男孩伸手去拿创可贴。故选
D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这孩子几乎不会系鞋带，但他知道他必须处理伤口。A. readily 乐意地；B. voluntarily 自愿
地；C. hardly 几乎不；D. carefully 仔细地。根据转折连词 but 可知，此句通过对比，说明小男孩虽然年纪小，生活技能不
熟练，几乎不会系鞋带，但对处理伤口却有基本的认识。故选 C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这孩子几乎不会系鞋带，但他知道他必须处理伤口。A. avoid 避免；B. cover 覆盖；C. expose
暴露；D. hide 隐藏。根据上文“put one on his cut”可知，这里是说要用创可贴等“覆盖”伤口，也就是处理伤口。故选 B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们遭受心理伤害的频率甚至比身体伤害还要高，比如失败或孤独。A. dislike 不喜欢；
B. escape 逃脱；C. suffer 遭受；D. overcome 克服。根据下文“psychological injuries even more often than we do physical
ones”可知，这里指遭受心理伤害。故选 C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们经常忽视它们。A. fear 害怕；B. hug 拥抱；C. ignore 忽视；D. mistake 误解。
根据上文描述及转折词“However”可知，尽管心理伤害频繁发生，但我们常常选择忽视它们。故选 C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管有一些科学方法可以治疗心理创伤，但我们却没有这样做。A. treat 治疗；B. discover
发现；C. predict 预测；D. replace 代替。根据下文上文“there are scientific techniques”及“psychological injuries”及语境可知，
此处指的是有治疗心理创伤的方法。故选 A。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“哦，你感到沮丧？摆脱它；那都是你的想象。”A. keep it up 保持；B. check it out 检查；
C. work it out 解决；D. shake it off 摆脱它。根据上文“Oh, you’re feeling depressed ”及下文的“it’s all in your head”可知，这
里是一种轻描淡写的安慰，让对方仅仅摆脱沮丧即可。故选 D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你能想象对一个断了腿的人说：“哦，走走就好了。”吗？A. leg 腿；B. head 头；C. back
背；D. arm 手臂。根据上文“walk it off”可知，这里是比喻，用“断腿”来类比心理创伤，指出我们通常不会对身体伤害如
此轻视。故选 A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候让我们对身体和心理的健康给予同等的、更像双胞胎般的关注了。A. benefit 利益；
B. health 健康；C. wealth 财富；D. fame 名声。根据全文主题及上文对身体和心理伤害的讨论可知，这里呼吁对身心健康
给予平等的关注。故选 B。
2.（23-24 高三·河南驻马店·阶段练习）I had to leave school at a young age because of my poor family. I decided to go
back to college to 16 my dream at 42. Could I balance the 17 as a student, mom and wife I managed to 18
enough money for my first semester though our budget was 19 . But I had no idea how I would pay for anything beyond
that. With a step of faith, I 20 .
Studying with kids half my age, I had to 21 myself to learn new things. After the initial first weeks passed,
however, a balance was 22 between my studying and living.
How to make ends meet at home was still my 23 . But one day, a professor mentioned that grant money (助学金)
was 24 to students like me. So I began the application process. 25 , I received a call from my professor telling me
that I was selected weeks later. I’d have to 26 some volunteer hours as required by the grant program, but the remainder
of my college expenses would be 27 . I hung up the phone with teary eyes. I couldn’t believe my dream was becoming a
28 .
For another two years. I continued taking summer sessions. For the next eighteen years, I taught in a primary school. I told
students my 29 of how I achieved my dream all my life.
If you’re working on something that you really care about, you don’t have to be 30 . The dream pulls you.
16．A．transform B．pursue C．acknowledge D．confirm
17．A．roles B．models C．conflicts D．stresses
18．A．donate B．win C．lend D．spare
19．A．unlimited B．sufficient C．tight D．balanced
20．A．stepped forward B．took off C．stayed up D．moved around
21．A．behave B．amuse C．prove D．challenge
22．A．disturbed B．restored C．achieved D．shifted
23．A．relief B．concern C．curiosity D．resolution
24．A．unique B．available C．related D．familiar
25．A．Luckily B．Naturally C．Accidentally D．Undoubtedly
26．A．manage B．skip C．invest D．record
27．A．updated B．charged C．registered D．covered
28．A．fantasy B．reality C．secret D．belief
29．A．story B．adventure C．discovery D．theory
30．A．motivated B．recognized C．pushed D．exposed
【答案】
16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．A 36．C
27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候因家境贫穷，不得不提早辍学，在她 42 岁时，她决定重返大
学校园，追求自己的梦想，并克服了一系列困难，顺利完成学业，并成为一名小学教师，实现了自己的梦想的一段经历，
鼓励人们去追求自己的梦想。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：42 岁的时候，我决定回到大学去追求我的梦想。A. transform 转变；B. pursue 追求；C.
acknowledge 承认、认可；D. confirm 确定。根据倒数第三段“I couldn’t believe my dream was becoming a 13 .”（我不敢
相信我的梦想变成了现实。）和倒数第二段“I told students my 14 of how I achieved my dream all my life.”（我给学生们
讲了我一生如何实现梦想的故事。）及文章内容可知，作者在中年时期回到大学学习，是为了追求梦想的。故选 B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能平衡好学生、母亲和妻子的角色吗？A. roles 角色；B. models 模范、样例；C. conflicts
冲突；D. stresses 压力。根据句中“a student, mom and wife”可知，这三种都是作者当前的身份和角色，所以回到大学上学，
是需要平衡这三种角色的。故选 A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的预算很紧，但我还是设法存够了第一学期的钱。A. donate 捐赠；B. win 赢得；
C. lend 借给；D. spare 节约、拿出。根据下一句“But I had no idea how I would pay for anything beyond that.”（但我不知道我
该如何支付除此之外的费用。）可知，作者资金不足，所以预算应该是很紧的；由句中“though”可知，尽管预算紧张，但
是作者应该还是拿出了足够的钱来支付第一学期的费用。故选 D。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们的预算很紧，但我还是设法存够了第一学期的钱。A. unlimited 无限的；B. sufficient
充分的；C. tight 紧的、拮据的；D. balanced 平衡的。根据下一句“But I had no idea how I would pay for anything beyond
that.”（但我不知道我该如何支付除此之外的费用。）可知，作者资金不足，所以预算应该是很紧的。故选 C。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：怀着信心，我向前迈了一步。A. stepped forward 前进；B. took off 起飞；C. stayed up 熬夜；
D. moved around 走来走去。根据前文“I managed to 3 enough money for my first semester”（我还是设法存够了第一学期
的钱）和下文的“Studying with kids half my age,”（和年龄只有我一半的孩子一起学习）可知，作者已经有了第一学期的费
用，并且开始了学期，可见她开始向着自己的梦想前进了。故选 A。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：和年龄只有我一半的孩子一起学习，我必须挑战自己，学习新的东西。A. behave 表现；
behave oneself 表现得体、守规矩；B. amuse 使发笑、逗乐；C. prove 证明；D. challenge 挑战。根据句中“Studying with kids
half my age”可知，作者已经 42 岁了，和只有 20 岁左右的年轻人一起学习，无论是脑力还是体力，都是富有挑战性的，
所以她要想学习新知识，就必须挑战自我。故选 D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在最初的几个星期过去后，我的学习和生活之间的平衡被打乱了。A. disturbed 打
扰、弄乱；B. restored 恢复；C. achieved 实现；D. shifted 切换、轮班。根据下文“How to make ends meet at home was still my
8 .”（如何维持家里的收支平衡仍然是我担忧的问题。）可知，作者要想在大学学习，就需要平衡好生活和学习之间的
关系，但是因为作者上学无法工作，失去了收入来源，家里就出现了收支不平衡的问题，这也就扰乱了她的学习和生活
之间的平衡。故选 A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如何维持家里的收支平衡仍然是我担忧的问题。A. relief 宽慰、轻松；B. concern 关心、
担忧；C. curiosity 好奇心；D. resolution 解决办法。根据前文“But I had no idea how I would pay for anything beyond that.”
（但我不知道我该如何支付除此之外的费用。）可知，作者经济上很困难，重返大学学习使她失去了收入来源，所以她
为自己第一学期之外的费用而担忧，如何维持家里的收支平衡自然也是她担忧的问题。故选 B。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是有一天，一位教授提到像我这样的学生可以获得助学金。A. unique 独特的；B. available
可用的；be available to 可被……利用或得到的；C. related 有联系的；D. familiar 熟悉的；be familiar to 为……所熟悉。根
据下文的“So I began the application process.”（于是我开始了申请流程。）可知，作者开始申请助学金，说明它是可以被她
这样的学生得到并使用的。故选 B。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，几周后我接到了教授的电话，告诉我我被选中了。A. Luckily 幸运地；B. Naturally
自然地；C. Accidentally 意外地；D. Undoubtedly 毫无疑问地。根据句中“I was selected”和常识可知，想要获得助学金，需
要申请并接受审核及筛选，作者能够被选中而获得助学金，是非常幸运的。故选 A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须按照资助计划的要求投入一些志愿者时间，我大学的其余费用将得到支付。A. manage
管理；B. skip 跳过、不参加；C. invest 投入、投资；D. record 记录。根据句中“as required by the grant program”及常识可
知，大学中的助学金项目主要是针对家庭经济条件不好的同学设立的，一般是要求学生做一些工作来抵消大学的一部分
费用，所以这里项目应该是要求学生投入一些时间来做志愿者工作。故选 C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须按照资助计划的要求投入一些志愿者时间，我大学的其余费用将得到支付。A. updated
更新；B. charged 收费；C. registered 登记、注册；D. covered 覆盖、包括、支付。根据句中“I’d have to 11 some volunteer
hours as required by the grant program,”和常识可知，大学中的助学金项目主要是针对家庭经济条件不好的同学设立的，一
般是要求学生做一些工作来抵消大学的一部分费用，所以这里项目应该是要求作者投入一些时间来做志愿者工作，从而
抵消她大学的其余费用，即作者大学的其余费用就被包括在志愿者工作中了。故选 D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信我的梦想变成了现实。A. fantasy 幻想、想象；B. reality 现实；C. secret 秘密；
D. belief 信任。根据下文“I told students my 14 of how I achieved my dream all my life.”（我给学生们讲了我一生如何实
现梦想的故事。）可知，作者最终实现了梦想，梦想变成了现实。故选 B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我给学生们讲了我一生如何实现梦想的故事。A. story 故事；B. adventure 冒险、奇遇；
C. discovery 发现；D. theory 理论。根据句中“how I achieved my dream all my life.”可知，作者给学生讲述的是自己一生如
何实现梦想的过程和故事。故选 A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你在做你真正关心的事情，你就不需要被强迫。A. motivated 激励；B. recognized 承
认、认可；C. pushed 推动、强迫；D. exposed 暴露、揭发。根据下文“The dream pulls you.”（梦想拉着你。）中的“pull”和
本句句意及常识可知，一个人如果在做自己真正在意和喜欢的事，也就是在追求自己的梦想，就会被梦想引领着、主动
地去做任何事，而不会被强迫。故选 C。
