第 13 讲 完形填空说明文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 解题策略 4
知识点 1 利用首句查明说明对象 4
知识点 2 利用逻辑关系之让步关系 4
知识点 3 利用逻辑关系之因果关系 5
知识点 4 利用逻辑关系之平行关系 5
知识点 5 利用逻辑关系之转折关系 5
知识点 6 利用词语（搭配）辨析 6
知识点 7 利用说明文的结构模式 7
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 13
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正
确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，
全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，
每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为
10 个词左右。首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没
有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 说明文类完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在
1.明确说明对象，理
阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对
清段落关系。
象的理解。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就
能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间
2.弄清说明顺序，把
顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅
握作者态度。
入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注
意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
3.运用高分技巧 按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 利用首句，明确说明对象
说明文一般有三类；一是实体事例说明文，包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍等；二是事理说明文，包括理论
性解释、文书简介、学术流派等；三是文艺性说明文，即说明对象拟人化。掌握说明对象，可以从整体上把握主旨大意。
二 把握说明文的结构模式
1. 总分式：包括总-分；分-总；总-分-总等具体形式。
2. 递进式：事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到
右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序-事情都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序-剖析事理时就按
照其逻辑关系进行安排，或从原因到结果、从主到次、递进或对比等严密的条理性。掌握结构模式，可以对文章的逻辑
有更好的把握。
三 逐句精读文章，熟悉逻辑衔接次。
逻辑关系 例词
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
考点二 解题策略
1. 利用首句查明说明对象。
2. 利用逻辑关系之让步关系。
典例 1.（2024·北京西城·二模）You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies
use Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its 46 , was never
meant to exist.
46．A．problem B．history C．success D．limitation
【解析】首句知说明对象。考查名词词义辨析。句意：大多数人不知道的是，尽管 Slack 取得了成功，但它根本就不应该
存在。A. problem 问题；B. history 历史；C. success 成功；D. limitation 限制。根据上文“You may have heard of the famous
workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use Slack to virtually communicate across teams.”可知，Slack 取得
了成功。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
名师提醒：根据首句可知说明对象为实体对象说明文。进而把握主旨，空格处前 despite 可判断其与文中的逻辑关系为转
折。
3. 利用逻辑关系之因果关系。
典例 2.
（2024·河南·三模）Emily was once invited to a party. Not knowing anyone except the host, she was anxious. She eventually
called the host, saying she had to 32 their appointment as she wasn’t feeling well.
32．A．arrange B．confirm C．announce D．cancel
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她最终打电话给主人，说她身体不舒服，不得不取消她们的约定。A. arrange 安排；
B. confirm 证实；C. announce 宣告；D. cancel 取消。根据上文“Not knowing anyone except the host, she was anxious.”可知，
艾米丽因为感到焦虑而不决定参加派对，因此她打电话告诉主人要取消他们的约定。故选 D 项。
【答案】D
思维建模：首句判断事理说明人的情绪状态。设空处后 as 表示“因为”，即逻辑关系为因果。根据上下句即可推知。
4. 利用逻辑关系之平行关系。
典例 3.
（23-24 高三·上海闵行·阶段练习）GuiltyPleasures No Such Thing
We know them when we see them: The TV shows and movies we love, even though we just know they’re bad.
Yes, these are our guilty pleasures — what some people consider the 17 food in our media diets.
17．A．junk B．sugary C．spiritual D．transformative
【解析】事理说明文。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，这些都是我们的有罪的快感——有些人认为是我们媒体饮食
中的垃圾食品。A. junk 垃圾；B. sugary 含糖的；C. spiritual 精神上的；D. transformative 有改革能力的。根据上文的“even
though we just know they’re bad.”、“The trashy books”和“The awful earworms”可知，此处指垃圾食品。故选 A。
【答案】 A
5. 利用逻辑关系之转折关系。
典例 4.
（2024·北京西城二模）You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use
Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its success , was never
meant to exist. In fact, the company who developed Slack actually had been hoping to create the next popular video game. But
after raising millions of dollars to fund the game development, the company ultimately 47 the project because the game
failed to attract enough users.
47．A．took down B．shut down C．cut down D．passed down
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了职场沟通软件 Slack 的被创造的过程。设空处句子与上文为转折关系。本题考查动
词短语词义辨析。句意：但在筹集了数百万美元用于游戏开发后，该公司最终关闭了该项目，因为游戏未能吸引到足够
的用户。A. took down 记下；B. shut down 关闭；C. cut down 砍到；D. passed down 传递。根据下文“because the game failed
to attract enough users.”可知，该公司最终关闭了该项目。故选 B 项。
【答案】B
6. 利用词语（搭配）辨析。
典例 5.
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Tucked away in Tongxiang city, Zhejiang province, the captivating water town of Puyuan is 1
in history and elegance.
1．A．shrouded B．soaked C．steeped D．submerged
【解析 】这篇说明文主要介绍了位于浙江省桐乡市的濮院，是一个历史与优雅并存的迷人水乡。本题考查动词词义辨析
兼顾运用与上句的平行关系。句意：坐落在浙江省桐乡的迷人水乡——濮院，历史与优雅并存。A. shrouded 笼罩；B. soaked
浸泡；C. steeped 使沉浸；D. submerged 淹没。根据句意以及下文“history and elegance”由此可知，此处应表示濮院沉浸在
历史与优雅中。be steeped in“沉浸于”为固定短语。故选 C 项。
【答案】C
典例 6.
（2024·河南·三模）If you 34 with social anxiety too, you may have experienced such things:
34．A．struggle B．assist C．deal D．engage
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你也在与社交焦虑作斗争，你可能经历过这样的事情。A. struggle 挣扎，斗争；
B. assist 帮助；C. deal 处理；D. engage 参与。根据下文“with social anxiety too, you may have experienced such things”可知，
此处应表示如果你也在与社交焦虑作斗争，你可能经历过这样的事情。故选 A 项。
【答案】A
7. 利用说明文的结构模式之递进式说明。
典例 7.
（2024·江苏盐城三模）Recently, this ancient haven has 2 on a remarkable project, merging reality with literature
by vividly reenacting scenes from a renowned classic. From late June to the end of August, Puyuan 3 into a li
ving, breathing canvas where the book’s antiquated lifestyle is resurrected, beckoning visitors into a realm where time s
tands still.
2．A．launched B．embarked C．initiated D．started
3．A．transforms B．changes C．evolves D．shifts
【解析】2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，这个古老的港湾开始了一项非凡的工程，通过生动地重现著名经典中的场
景，将现实与文学结合起来。A. launched 发射；B. embarked 开始；C. initiated 发起；D. started 开始。根据上文“Recently”
以及下文“a remarkable project”由此可知，此处应表示这个古老的港湾开始了一项非凡的工程。embark on“开始”为固定短
语。故选 B 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从 6 月下旬到 8 月底，濮院变成了一个活生生的、会呼吸的画布，书中古老的生活方式在
这里复活，吸引着游客进入一个时间静止的领域。A. transforms 变成；B. changes 改变；C. evolves 进化；D. shifts 转移。
根据句意以及下文“a living, breathing canvas”由此可知，此处应表示濮院变成了一个活生生的、会呼吸的画布。transform
into“转变成”为固定短语。故选 A 项。
【答案】2.B 3．A
典例 8（. 2024·河南·三模）Before going to a party, you can turn to some friends for some effective 40 . At the party if
uneasiness 41 you, you can move away to the bathroom and then 42 what to do next. After the party,
you can 43 yourself for going to the party.
40．A．strategies B．treatment C．communication D．teamwork
41．A．escapes B．seizes C．ignores D．angers
42．A．discuss B．ask C．resolve D．know
43．A．enjoy B．reflect C．reward D．adjust
【解析】本文选自说明文。40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在参加聚会之前，你可以向一些朋友寻求一些有效的策略。
A. strategies 策略；B. treatment 对待；C. communication 交流；D. teamwork 团队合作。根据上文“you can turn to some friends
for some effective”以及下文提到的具体情景下的方法和策略可知，此处应表示你可以向一些朋友寻求一些有效的策略。故
选 A 项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在聚会上，如果你感到不安，你可以去洗手间，然后知道下一步该怎么做。A. escapes 逃
脱；B. seizes 控制、抓住；C. ignores 忽视；D. angers 使生气。根据句意以及上文“if uneasiness”由此可知，此处应表示如
果你感到不安（不安情绪控制着你），你应该做的事情。故选 B 项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在聚会上，如果你感到不安，你可以去洗手间，然后知道下一步该怎么做。A. discuss 讨
论；B. ask 问；C. resolve 解决；D. know 知道。根据上文“you can move away to the bathroom”以及下文“what to do next”可
知，此处应表示你可以去洗手间，然后知道下一步该怎么做。故选 D 项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：聚会结束后，你可以奖励自己参加聚会。A. enjoy 享受；B. reflect 反思；C. reward 奖励；
D. adjust 调整。根据下文“Small things like a delicious meal can motivate you to ____14____ next time.”提到一顿美味的饭菜，
由此可知，此处应表示聚会结束后，你可以奖励自己参加聚会。故选 C 项。
【答案】 40．A 41．B 42．D 43．C
名师提醒：此处运用递进式说明按照时间的顺序进行说明，结构严谨，逻辑清晰。
educational
一、 真题实战
1.（2022 全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about
41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with
their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中
心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who
covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children
replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that
they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our
young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions
reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的)
recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of
egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而
是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事
情。A. following 跟随；B. taking 取走；C. escaping 避开；D. directing 指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy
playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选 C。
42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever 聪明的；B. bad 不擅长的；
C. scared 害怕的；D. quick 快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可
知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选 B。
43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed 无遮蔽的；B. examined
已检查过的；C. untouched 未受影响的；D. imbalanced 失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选 A。
44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。
A. supported 支持；B. guaranteed 保证；C. imagined 想象；D. interpreted 解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选 D。
45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing
令人失望的；B. mixed 混合的；C. surprising 令人惊讶的；D. desired 渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental
psychology 46 that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选 C。
46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained 解
释；B. confirmed 证实；C. contradicted 相矛盾；D. tested 测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket
over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与
之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选 C。
47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent 父母亲；
B. child 儿童；C. researcher 研究员；D. doctor 医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in
Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选 B。
48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet 脚；B. nose
鼻子；C. hands 手；D. ears 耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以
此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选 D。
49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see 看见；B. help 帮助；C. reach
到达；D. fool 欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问
是否能看见成年人。故选 A。
50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。
A. event 大事；B. thing 事情；C. action 行动；D. accident 事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t 54 to her.”
可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选 B。
51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。
A. Yet 然而；B. Now 此刻；C. Soon 很快；D. Once 一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说
不能和成年人说话了。故选 B。
52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak
说；B. listen 听；C. turn 转；D. wave 挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不
能和成年人说话了。故选 A。
53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions 命令；B. descriptions
说明；C. experiments 实验；D. assumptions 假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情
况。故选 C。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.
comprehended 理解；B. predicted 预测；C. explored 探索；D. ignored 忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was
asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选 A。
55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。
A. partly 部分地；B. honestly 诚实地；C. vaguely 含糊地；D. exactly 确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their16to the
questions reflected their true 57 ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选
D。
56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到
你。”A. responses 回答；B. approaches 方法；C. contribution 贡献；D. sensitivity 敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，
此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选 A。
57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到
你。”A. ability 能力；B. belief 看法；C. identity 身份；D. purpose 目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选 B。
58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back 阻止；B. relate to 有关联；C. insist on 坚
持；D. make up 弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认
和尊重。故选 C。
59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的
结果。A. limitations 限制；B. requirements 必要条件；C. theories 理论；D. findings 调查发现。根据上文“We brought young
children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我
中心主义的结果。故选 D。
60. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative 实验性的；
B. impressive 令人印象深刻的；C. creative 创造性的；D. effective 有效的。根据上文“They simply 18mutual recognition and
regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选 D。
2.（2015 广东卷）
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 56 to live no longer
than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 57 healthy and
lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 58 . They
wear out, and as a result, we get old and 59 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 60 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿
命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 61 line between middle age and old age. After all,
many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 62 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 63 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many
children died of common childhood 64 . Now that the chances of dying 65 are much lower, the chances of living long are
much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 66 in our population will have lasting effects on our social
development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 67 , not disaster.
Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 68 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 69 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 70
active and be devoted.
56．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
57．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
58．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
59．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
60．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
61．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
62．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
63．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
64．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
65．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
66．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
67．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
68．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
69．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
70．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
【答案】56．A 57．D 58．C 59．A 60．B 61．D 62．C 63．A 64．D 65．B
66．A 67．B 68．A 69．C 70．D
【解析】本文是说明文。这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比
以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡
献。
56．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过 120 岁。designed 设计；selected
选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered 发现。根据 live no longer than 120 years 可知，人类最多不会活过 120 岁，
科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定的，be designed to do 被设计，故应选 A。
57．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而 110 岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely
完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely 极其，非常。根据 the longest that anyone could hope to live 可知，
如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到 110 岁。故选 D。
58．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly
无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据 They wear out, and as a result 可知，因为人体的细胞会耗尽，不会无止境的
再生。因此应选 C。
59．考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly
没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately 绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据 They wear out, and as a result, we get old 可知，
这里在说人的生长过程。选 A。
60．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer
更长的；richer 更富有的；happier 更开心的。根据 than ever before 可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选 B。
61．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65 岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，
指引；waiting 等待；dividing 划分。根据 Sixty-five may be out-of-date 可知，把 65 岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经
不适合现在的形势了。dividing line 分界线，故选 D。
62．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到 75 岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；
damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure 失败。根据 until after age 75 可知，把 65 岁当做中年和老年的分界线，现在很
多老年人是在 75 岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选 C。
63．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣
赏；remember 记得；value 价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和 the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets
and health care 可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选 A。
64．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；
fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据 Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, 可知，由于以
前没有现代药物，当时很多普遍的儿童因为疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选 D。
65．考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的
饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据 the chances of living long are much higher 可
知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，现在少年死去的几率低了，dying young 就是年少死去。故选 B。
66．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；
recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中 Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人
口结构改变了，故选 A。
67．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾
难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的 while 表示对比，即跟前一
种人不一样的看法，故选 B。
68．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很
年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement 移动。根据 healthy, still active, and young in 13 if not
in age.可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选 A。
69．考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions
建议；contributions 贡献；permission 允许。根据 they need to 15 active and be devoted.可知，现在的社会逐渐老
龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选 C。
70．考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear
好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay 保持。根据 With long lives ahead of them,可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也
要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选 D。
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三-·山东滨州·期末）It’s hard to put into words how much of a sense of freedom I get from being outdoors and
in the wilderness. If I’m 1 by buildings for too long, I get a bit anxious. I need to see a field, a river or a mountain 2
in front of me.
Spending time outdoors is a wonderful 3 , I like nothing more than getting to the end of a day spent outdoors and
4 the ache in my legs from a long walk. It helps me sleep and is far more 5 than training in a gym.
There are so many 6 walks to choose from all over the UK. We live on a tiny island, relatively speaking, but the
scenery we have here easily 7 some of the most beautiful in the world. We are extremely 8 : on our doorstep
we have beaches, rivers, hills and mountains.
Thanks to the light and the weather, the same walk can feel very different 9 the time of year you do it. But for
breathtaking views whatever the 10 is, I’d recommend Cow and Calf Rocks on Ilk-ley Moor in West Yorkshire. It’s
quite a challenge climbing them, which is why doing so feels more daring than a normal walk and offers 11 that you
don’t get from following a gentle path. It’s perfect if you want a workout as well as fresh air and gives you the chance to get up
high and 12 a view that changes all year round.
Otley Chevin in West Yorkshire is another 13 climb that offers beautiful views. And like Cow and Calf
Rocks, it is within easy 14 of the nearby town. But being Cambrian, my heart will always belong to the Lake District. I
grew up walking those fells in all weathers and seasons, and I think there is nothing more 15 than a big hill walk that
gets your lungs burning and brings you to a view you’ve never seen before.
1．A．crowded B．surrounded C．impressed D．involved
2．A．disappearing B．revealing C．emerging D．floating
3．A．experience B．expectation C．arrangement D．ambition
4．A．doubting B．curing C．feeling D．removing
5．A．harmful B．beneficial C．graceful D．pitiful
6．A．powerful B．grateful C．confusing D．amazing
7．A．rivals B．highlights C．escapes D．explores
8．A．lucky B．tense C．certain D．tough
9．A．picking up B．depending on C．contrasting with D．getting over
10．A．season B．custom C．emotion D．response
11．A．curiosity B．excitement C．encouragement D．indication
12．A．put on B．give off C．take in D．set up
13．A．challenging B．exhausting C．moving D．annoying
14．A．limit B．center C．reach D．distance
15．A．regular B．remote C．obvious D．special
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．A 11．B 12．C
13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者喜欢在户外徒步行走，而自己的家乡景色优美，有很多可供选择的路线。文章主要介绍
了作者家乡的一些美丽景色。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我被建筑物包围太久，我会有点焦虑。A. crowded 拥挤；B. surrounded 围绕；C. impressed
使留下深刻印象；D. involved 涉及；卷入。上文“It’s hard to put into words how much of a sense of freedom I get from being
outdoors and in the wilderness.”和下文“by buildings for too long, I get a bit anxious.”可知，作者喜欢从户外和荒野中获得的自
由感，所以当被建筑物包围时，会感到焦虑，故选 B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要看到一片田野，一条河流或一座山出现在我面前。A. disappearing 消失；B. revealing
揭示；C. emerging 出现；D. floating 漂浮。由上文“I need to see a field, a river or a mountain”以及上面提到作者被大楼包围
时，会感到焦虑，所以作者需要看到一片田野，一条河流或一座山出现在面前，故选 C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在户外度过一天是一种美妙的体验，我最喜欢的就是在户外度过一天的最后时刻，感受一
次长途步行带来的腿部疼痛。A. experience 经验；体验；B. expectation 期望；C. arrangement 安排；D. ambition 雄心。由
上文“Spending time outdoors is a wonderful”可知，作者认为在户外度过一天是一种很好的体验，故选 A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在户外度过一天是一种美妙的体验，我最喜欢的就是在户外度过一天的最后时刻，感受一
次长途步行带来的腿部疼痛。A. doubting 怀疑；B. curing 治愈；C. feeling 感觉；感受；D. removing 移除。由上文“getting
to the end of a day spent outdoors”和下文“the ache in my legs from a long walk”可知，作者喜欢在户外度过一天后感受长途步
行带来的腿部疼痛，故选 C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它帮助我入睡，比在健身房训练有益得多。A. harmful 有害的；B. beneficial 有益的；C.
graceful 感激的；D. pitiful 遗憾的。由上文“It helps me sleep”可知，长途步行带来的腿部疼痛让作者入睡，说明对于作者
来说，这是有好处的，所以此处指这要比在健身房训练有益得多，故选 B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在英国有很多令人惊叹的步行路线可供选择。A. powerful 强大的；B. grateful 感激的；
C. confusing 令人困惑的；D. amazing 惊人的；令人惊叹的。上文提到作者喜欢在户外长途步行，所以此处指可供选择的
这些步行路线是令人惊叹的，故选 D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相对而言，我们生活在一个小岛上，但我们这里的风景可以轻松媲美世界上最美的一些景
色。A. rivals 比得上；B. highlights 强调；C. escapes 逃脱；D. explores 探索。此处是将作者家乡的景色和世界上最美的风
景相比，作者认为这里的风景可以轻松媲美世界上最美的一些景色，故选 A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们非常幸运: 在我们家门口，我们有海滩，河流，山丘和高山。A. lucky 幸运的；B. tense
紧张的；C. certain 确定的；D. tough 艰难的。由下文“on our doorstep we have beaches,rivers, hills and mountains.”和上文提
到作者家乡的风景可以轻松媲美世界上最美的一些景色可知，作者在家门口就能欣赏到这些美景，所以感到很幸运，故
选 A。
9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：由于光线和天气，同样的步行在一年内的不同时间的感受是非常不同的。A. picking up
拾起来；B. depending on 依靠；取决于；C. contrasting with 与……形成对比；D. getting over 克服。由下文“the time of year
you do it”可知，一年内不同的时间决定了同样的步行旅途的感受是非常不同的，故选 B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是无论是什么季节，我都会推荐西约克郡 Ilk-ley 沼泽地上的 Cow and Calf Rocks。A. season
季节；B. custom 习俗；C. emotion 感情；D. response 回应。上文提到季节不同人们旅行时的感受是不同的，结合 but 可知，
前后是转折关系，此处指无论是什么季节，作者都会推荐西约克郡 Ilk-ley 沼泽地上的 Cow and Calf Rocks，故选 A。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：攀登这些岩石是一个相当大的挑战，这就是为什么攀登岩石感觉比正常的步行更大胆，
因为这让你兴奋，从沿着好走的道路步行你是不会有这种感受的。A. curiosity 好奇心；B. excitement 兴奋；C. encouragement
鼓励；D. indication 指示。由上文“It’s quite a challenge climbing them, which is why doing so feels more daring than a normal
walk”和下文“that you don’t get from following a gentle path”可知，攀登岩石与走一条好走的小路是不一样的，因为攀登岩
石这会让你感觉更大胆，更兴奋，故选 B。
12．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果你想锻炼，以及呼吸新鲜的空气，让你有机会获得登高，且看到一年四季都在
变化的景色，那么这是完美的选择。A. put on 穿上；B. give off 发出；C. take in 吸收；接受；一眼看清；D. set up 建立。
由上文“It’s perfect if you want a workout as well as fresh air and gives you the chance to get up high and”可知，此处指看到一年
四季都在变化的的景色，故选 C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：位于西约克郡的 Otley Chevin 是另一个具有挑战性的攀登，它提供了美丽的风景。A.
challenging 有挑战性的；B. exhausting 使人筋疲力尽的；C. moving 令人感到的；D. annoying 令人恼怒的。由上文“It’s quite
a challenge climbing them”和下文“like Cow and Calf Rocks”可知，上文介绍了攀登 Cow and Calf Rocks 是具有挑战性的，此
处是介绍像 Cow and Calf Rocks 一样具有挑战性的另外一个攀岩，故选 A。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像 Cow and Calf Rocks 一样，它离附近的小镇很近。A. limit 限制；B. center 中心；C. reach
伸手可及的距离；D. distance 距离。由上文“within easy”和下文“of the nearby town”可知，此处指 Otley Chevin 离附近的小
镇很近，within reach 固定搭配，意为“在附近”，故选 C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从小就在这些山上走，无论什么天气，什么季节，我觉得没有什么比在大山上走是
更特别的了，它能让你的肺部燃烧，让你看到一个你从未见过的景色。A. regular 有规律的；B. remote 遥远的；C. obvious
显然的；D. special 特别的。由下文“than a big hill walk that gets your lungs burning and brings you to a view you’ve never
seen before.”可知，在山上行走，能让你的肺部燃烧，让你看到一个你从未见过的景色，这是很特别的，故选 D。
2（. 23-24 高三·广东广州·开学考试）It’s common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you do. Although
social media has its positive aspects, it can also have some serious 16 results. For example, have you ever been bored
and decided to check social 17 , only to find out that your best friend is at the Great Wall, one of your classmates is
eating delicious noodles at your 18 restaurant, and one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in
Sichuan Oh! You’re really 19 ! At least that’s what you might think.
Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life 20 than you are Researchers
call that feeling the fear of missing out or FOMO.
FOMO is a real 21 that over 75% of young people experience from time to time. Social media is the cause,
because it’s so easy today to 22 through to see what your friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about.
23 , it would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media. Rather than 24
this basic truth, though, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to those of others on social media. This 25
leaves us feeling dissatisfied. Why We know all the aspects of our lives—both good and bad. But all we see on social media are
the 26 moments others share. FOMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that
can be hard to 27 . Researchers have found that social media and FOMO can cause feelings of 28 ,
loneliness and boredom. Researchers advise that we stop looking for 29 on social media. If we let FOMO 30
us, the only thing we’ll really be missing out on is our own life. And life’s too short for that!
16．A．critical B．negative C．contradictory D．skeptical
17．A．contact B．relations C．media D．issues
18．A．favourite B．accessible C．extraordinary D．optional
19．A．missing out B．figuring out C．picking out D．running out
20．A．less B．further C．worse D．more
21．A．problem B．feeling C．framework D．term
22．A．glance B．look C．get D．pull
23．A．Occasionally B．Initially C．Unfortunately D．Oppositely
24．A．resisting B．realizing C．distinguishing D．analyzing
25．A．criterion B．understanding C．assessment D．comparison
26．A．abundant B．exact C．similar D．perfect
27．A．adjust B．break C．expect D．tell
28．A．surprise B．difficulty C．depression D．anger
29．A．benefit B．dignity C．happiness D．substitute
30．A．take away from B．take in C．take over D．take control of
【答案】
16．B 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．D
27．B 28．C 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述随着社交媒体深入人们的生活，也产生了一些严重的比如 FOMO 这样的消极后果。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然社交媒体有其积极的一面，但也可能产生一些严重的消极后果。A. critical 爱挑剔
的，严重的；B. negative 消极的；C. contradictory 矛盾的；D. skeptical 多疑的。根据上文“Although social media has its positive
aspects”可知，此处上下文是转折关系，上文提到积极方面，下文就要提出消极方面。故选 B 项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，你是否曾经感到无聊，决定查看社交媒体，却发现你最好的朋友在长城，你的一
个同学在你最喜欢的餐厅吃美味的面条，你的一个篮球队友在四川参观大熊猫 A. contact 联系，接触；B. relations 关系，
联系；C. media 媒体；D. issues 问题。根据下文“it would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in
on social media”可知，此处指查看社交媒体。故选 C 项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第 2 题详解。A. favourite 特别喜爱的；B. accessible 易接近的，可进入的；C. extraordinary
非凡的，特别的；D. optional 可选择的。根据上下文语境可知，此处指你的同学在你最喜欢的餐厅吃面条。故选 A 项。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你真的错过了。A. missing out 错过，省略；B. figuring out 解决，想出；C. picking out 挑
选出；D. running out 耗尽，到期。根据下文的“Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out”可知，此处指错过了那些
体验。故选 A 项。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你是否有过这样的感觉：别人比你更能体验事物，更能享受生活？A. less 更少；B. further
更远；C. worse 更糟糕；D. more 更多。根据上文“experiencing things and enjoying life”可知，此处指别人比你更能体验事
物，更能享受生活。故选 D 项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：FOMO 是一个真实的感觉，超过 75%的年轻人时不时的会经历它。A. problem 问题；B. feeling
感觉；C. framework 结构，构架；D. term 术语，学期。根据上文“Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or
FOMO.”可知，FOMO 是一个真实的感觉。故选 B 项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体是原因，因为现在很容易浏览一下你的朋友在做什么，吃什么，买什么，谈论
什么。A. glance 浏览，扫视；B. look 看，注意；C. get 得到；D. pull 拉。根据下文“see what your friends are doing, earing, buying
and talking about”可知，此处指现在很容易在社交媒体上面浏览到你的朋友在做什么，吃什么，买什么，谈论什么。故选
A 项。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，我们不可能享受我们在社交媒体上看到的所有活动。A. Occasionally 偶尔；B.
Initially 最初，首先；C. Unfortunately 不幸的是；D. Oppositely 相反。根据下文“it would be impossible to enjoy all the same
activities we see others take part in on social media.”可知，我们不能体验自己在社交媒体上看到的所有活动是不幸的事情。
故选 C 项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们并没有意识到这一基本事实，而是经常让 FOMO 引导我们在社交媒体上将自
己的生活与他人的生活进行比较。A. resisting 抵抗，抗报：B. realizing 意识到；C. distinguishing 区分，辨别；D. analyzing
分析。结合下文“we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to those of others on social media.”可知，此处指我们并没有
意识到我们不能体验自己在社交媒体上看到的所有活动这一基本事实，所以才会跟别人的生活相比较。故选 B 项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种比较使我们感到不满。A. criterion 标准；B. understanding 理解；C. assessment 评定，
估价；D. comparison 比较。根据上文“compare our lives to those of others on social media”可知，此处指这种比较使我们感
到不满。故选 D 项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在社交媒体上看到的都是他人分享的完美时刻。A. abundant 大量的；B. exact 准
确的；C. similar 相似的；D. perfect 完美的。根据上文的“We know all the aspects of our lives—both good and bad. But”可知，
生活中有好有坏，但是我们在社交媒体上看到的却都是他人分享的完美时刻。故选 D 项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：FOMO 让我们更频繁地查看社交媒体，导致了一个难以避免的负面循环。A. adjust 调整，
使……适合；B. break 破坏，打破；C. expect 期望；D. tell 告诉。根据上文“that over75%of young people are experiencing from
time to time.”可知，有 FOMO 这种情况的年轻人很多，所以很难摆脱这种感觉。故选 B 项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，社交媒体和 FOMO 会导致抑郁、孤独和无聊感。A. surprise 惊喜；B. difficulty
困难；C. depression 沮丧，抑郁；D. anger 生气。根据下文“loneliness and boredom”可知，此处指 FOMO 引起的一些不好
的感觉。故选 C 项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员建议我们停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐。A. benefit 利益，好处；B. dignity 尊严；
C. happiness 快乐；D. substitute 代用品。根据上文的“It’s common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you
do”可知，此处指研究人员建议我们停止在社交媒体上寻找快乐。故选 C 项。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：FOMO 控制我们，我们唯一真正错过的就是我们自己的生活。A. take away from 减损；
B. take in 吸收；C. take over 接管；D. take control of 控制。根据上文“we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to those
of others on social media”和“FOMO makes us check social media more frequently”可知，此处指 FOMO 控制我们了我们是生
活。故选 D 项。
3.（2024·湖南·二模）On August 2nd when Indonesia got its only gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics, the winning team of
Greysia Polii and Apriyani Rahayu fell to their knees and cried with relief. Some 3,500 miles away, Indonesia 31 with
joy. The president 32 their success in the women’s doubles game of badminton to be an early “birthday gift” to the
nation, whose independence day is on August 17th.
In England, where the modern version of the sport 33 , badminton is a lawn (草坪) game. In Asia it is a serious
business. At the Badminton World Championships in 2019, Asian countries won 19 of 20 medals. In recent decades, China has
34 as a heavyweight. But Indonesia is the sport’s 35 . It has won more titles at the Thomas Cup, the most 36
tournament, than any other country.
Badminton is the only sport in which Indonesia has ever won gold at the Olympics — and it has done so at all but one since
the sport became an official 37 of the Olympics in 1992. Indonesia is the “home of badminton”. “Wherever you travel
in Indonesia, within a 38 you can find people playing badminton. Racquets (球拍) and balls can easily be bought or
made, and once a clothesline and a challenger have been 39 , the match is on,” says Raja Sapta Oktohari, president of
the Indonesian Olympic Committee.
It is little wonder then that badminton is Indonesia’s 40 . It is also the most developed in the country, which
owns the only national team for which the government 41 a training centre. Parents also encourage their children to
take it 42 . The rewards for skill and hard work are 43 . It’s said that players of the national team earn
more than $2,000 a month, ten times the average income. Perhaps most importantly, badminton is a 44 of national
pride. It is the only sport to 45 a string of heroes; Rudy Hartono, for example, has won eight titles at the All England
men’s singles, more than any other player.
31．A．tripped B．erupted C．broke D．collapsed
32．A．declared B．acknowledged C．interpreted D．appreciated
33．A．existed B．regained C．originated D．flowered
34．A．varied B．emerged C．approached D．grown
35．A．challenger B．host C．threat D．dominator
36．A．distinguished B．dynamic C．complicated D．privileged
37．A．schedule B．incident C．event D．project
38．A．court B．community C．park D．second
39．A．spotted B．witnessed C．located D．supported
40．A．habit B．favorite C．practice D．custom
41．A．runs B．contacts C．demonstrates D．conducts
42．A．down B．off C．over D．up
43．A．numbered B．limitless C．definite D．handsome
44．A．source B．resource C．mark D．symbol
45．A．detect B．produce C．model D．acquire
【答案】
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．B 41．A
42．D 43．D 44．A 45．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍 8 月 2 日印度尼西亚在东京奥运会上获得唯一一枚金牌来引出话题，进一步
介绍了羽毛球的起源，发展以及印尼对羽毛球的热爱。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约 3500 英里外，印度尼西亚爆发出一片欢乐。A. tripped 绊倒；B. erupted 爆发；C. broke
弄破；D. collapsed 崩溃。根据上文“On August 2nd when Indonesia got its only gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics, the winning
team of Greysia Polii and Apriyani Rahayu fell to their knees and cried with relief.”可知，印度尼西亚赢得了唯一一块金牌，所
以应是爆发出一片欢乐，故选 B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总统宣布他们在羽毛球女子双打比赛中的成功是给国家的提前“生日礼物”，国家的独立
日是 8 月 17 日。A. declared 宣布；B. acknowledged 承认；C. interpreted 解释；D. appreciated 感激。根据上下文“The president
2 their success in the women’s doubles game of badminton to be an early “birthday gift” to the nation”可知，总统应是宣布，
故选 A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在现代羽毛球运动的发源地英国，羽毛球是一项草地运动。A. existed 存在；B. regained
重新获得；C. originated 起源于；D. flowered 使开花。根据下文“In England, where the modern version of the sport”和常识可
知，现代羽毛球运动的发源地是英国，故选 C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，中国已经崛起为一个重量级国家。A. varied 变化；B. emerged 出现；C. approached
接近；D. grown 种植。根据上文“At the Badminton World Championships in 2019, Asian countries won 19 of 20 medals.”可知，
中国的羽毛球也发展的很好，所以应是以重量级出现，故选 B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但印尼是这项运动的主宰。A. challenger 挑战者；B. host 主人；C. threat 威胁；D. dominator
支配者。根据下文“It has won more titles at the Thomas Cup”可知，印尼是这项运动的主宰，故选 D。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最杰出的赛事——汤姆斯杯(Thomas Cup)上，印尼赢得的冠军比其他任何国家都多。
A. distinguished 杰出的；B. dynamic 活跃的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. privileged 特许的。根据下文“It has won more titles
at the Thomas Cup”可知，此处是最杰出的赛事，故选 A。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：羽毛球是印尼唯一一项在奥运会上获得金牌的运动——自 1992 年羽毛球运动成为奥运会
的正式项目以来，它一直只有一项。A. schedule 日程；B. incident 事件；C. event 比赛项目；D. project 项目。根据下文“of
the Olympics in 1992”可知是奥运会的比赛项目，故选 C。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你在印尼的哪个地方旅行，你都能在一秒钟内发现有人在打羽毛球。A. court 球场；
B. community 社区；C. park 公园；D. second 秒。根据上文“Indonesia is the “home of badminton”.”可知在印尼随时都能看见
有人在打羽毛球，故选 D。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“无论你在印尼的哪个地方旅行，你都能在一秒钟内发现有人在打羽毛球。球拍和球很容
易买到或制作，一旦找到晾衣绳和挑战者，比赛就开始了，”印尼奥委会主席拉贾 萨帕塔 奥克托哈里(Raja Sapta Oktohari)
表示。A. spotted 发现；B. witnessed 见证；C. located 找到，明确……的位置；D. supported 支持。根据上下文“Racquets (球
拍) and balls can easily be bought or made, and once a clothesline and a challenger have been , the match is on,” says Raja
Sapta Oktohari, president of the Indonesian Olympic Committee.”可知，球拍和球很容易买到或制作，所以只要找到晾衣绳和
挑战者，就能打羽毛球，故选 C。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，羽毛球成为印尼的最爱也就不足为奇了。A. habit 习惯；B. favorite 特别喜爱的人/
物；C. practice 训练；D. custom 习俗。根据上文“Indonesia is the “home of badminton”.”以及印尼随时可见打羽毛球的人，
说明羽毛球是印尼最喜欢的运动，故选 B。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它也是这个国家最发达的，拥有唯一一支由政府管理的训练中心的国家队。A. runs 管理；
B. contacts 联系；C. demonstrates 证明；D. conducts 进行。根据下文“which owns the only national team for”可知，此处是国
家队，应该是政府管理，故选 A。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：父母也鼓励他们的孩子接受它。A. (take) down 记下；B. (take) off 起飞；C. (take) over 接
管；D. (take) up 开始从事。根据上文“The rewards for skill and hard work are . It’s said that players of the national team
earn more than $2,000 a month, ten times the average income.”可知，进入国家队不但能学习技能还有奖金，所以父母应是鼓
励他们的孩子从事羽毛球，故选 D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：技能和努力工作的回报是可观的。A. numbered 有限的；B. limitless 无限的；C. definite
明确的；D. handsome 数量大的，可观的。根据下文“It’s said that players of the national team earn more than $2,000 a month, ten
times the average income.”可知，回报也是可观的，故选 D。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许最重要的是，羽毛球是民族自豪感的来源。A. source 来源；B. resource 资源；C. mark
记号；D. symbol 象征。根据下文“Rudy Hartono, for example, has won eight titles at the All England men’s singles, more than
any other player.”可知，此处指羽毛球是民族自豪感的来源，故选 A。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是唯一产生了一连串英雄的运动；例如，Rudy Hartono 在全英男子单打比赛中赢得了 8
个冠军，比其他任何球员都多。A. detect 发现；B. produce 产生；C. model 模仿；D. acquire 获得。根据下文“Rudy Hartono,
for example, has won eight titles at the All England men’s singles, more than any other player.”可知，此处指产生一连串英雄的
运动，故选 B。第 13 讲 完形填空说明文
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 解题要点 3
知识点 3 高分技巧 3
考点二 解题策略 4
知识点 1 利用首句查明说明对象 4
知识点 2 利用逻辑关系之让步关系 4
知识点 3 利用逻辑关系之因果关系 5
知识点 4 利用逻辑关系之平行关系 5
知识点 5 利用逻辑关系之转折关系 5
知识点 6 利用词语（搭配）辨析 5
知识点 7 利用说明文的结构模式 6
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 6
2.命题演练 8
近四年完形填空考点细目
卷别 体裁 题材 词数 动词 名词 形容词 副词 介词
2024 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 凡是要有自己主见 234 8 5 1 1
2024 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 友善行为美食力量 227 9 5 1
2024 全国甲卷 记叙文 厨房里的祖母聊天 276 7 8 3 1 1
2023 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 越野赛的善行义举 225 7 7 1
2023 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 帮狗狗与主人团聚 209 7 3 4 1
2023 全国甲卷 记叙文 学会不要以貌取物 249 9 4 6 1
2023 全国乙卷 记叙文 体操奥运冠军故事 244 12 3 4 1
2022 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 家庭野营趣味经历 218 5 5 3 1 1
2022 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 环球旅行免费住宿 209 5 6 4
2022 全国甲卷 记叙文 因狗结缘爱情故事 277 8 7 1 3
2022 全国乙卷 说明文 孩子捉迷藏的研究 261 7 7 4 2
2021 新课标 I 卷 记叙文 暑期短暂打工体验 230 9 4 2
2021 新课标 II 卷 记叙文 中国警察无畏事迹 192 7 7 1
2021 全国甲卷 记叙文 致歉酒店终获原谅 242 10 5 4 1
2021 全国乙卷 夹叙夹议 女患巧妙感谢医护 261 10 7 1 2
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 完形填空题型特点
近年高考卷完形填空文章长度 250 词左右，选材来自英美国家的主流书刊或正规网站，题材多样化，遵循“文章内
容生活化”原则，体现正确的人生观、价值观，传递正能量。
主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然，体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。文章要求考生在正
确理解语篇主旨大意的同时，注重揣摩不同词语、句子及篇章结构之间的联系。
考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。从表面看考学生的词汇知识，实际上是以文章为裁体，
全面考察学生对文章的总体把握和全面理解，同时还考察学生的逻辑分析，推理等思维能力。
命题原则：高考完形填空把考查上下文语境放在第一位，词汇运用放在第二位。全文第一句不设空，设空间距为 10-15 词，
每小题所给的四个选项大多属于同一种词类或同一范畴。新高考设空 15 个，全国甲、乙卷设空 20 个，设空平均间距为
10 个词左右。首句不设空。4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
高频命题点：高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，。语言简单，长句不多，没
有生僻字。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义进行适当行适当考查。
选项规律：2024 年新高考 I 卷： 3A；4B；4C；4D； 2024 年新高考 II 卷： 4A；4B；4C；3D
2023 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；3C；4D； 2022 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；3B；4C；4D
2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4D；3C； 2021 年新高考 I&II 卷：4A；4B；4C；3D
知识点 2 说明文类完形填空解题要点
解题步骤 内容解读
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在
1.明确说明对象，理
阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对
清段落关系。
象的理解。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就
能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间
2.弄清说明顺序，把
顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅
握作者态度。
入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注
意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
3.运用高分技巧 按照命题分布规律和高分技巧正确解题并代入验证。
知识点 3 高分技巧
一 利用首句，明确说明对象
说明文一般有三类；一是实体事例说明文，包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍等；二是事理说明文，包括理论
性解释、文书简介、学术流派等；三是文艺性说明文，即说明对象拟人化。掌握说明对象，可以从整体上把握主旨大意。
二 把握说明文的结构模式
1. 总分式：包括总-分；分-总；总-分-总等具体形式。
2. 递进式：事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到
右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序-事情都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序-剖析事理时就按
照其逻辑关系进行安排，或从原因到结果、从主到次、递进或对比等严密的条理性。掌握结构模式，可以对文章的逻辑
有更好的把握。
三 逐句精读文章，熟悉逻辑衔接次。
逻辑关系 例词
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of,
让步和转折 regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but 等。
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently,
因果关系 accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that,
now that, as a result, for this reason 等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to
say, as well as, the same…as 等。
递进关系 then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what’s worse, even worse 等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically 等。
考点二 解题策略
1. 利用首句查明说明对象。
2. 利用逻辑关系之让步关系。
典例 1.（2024·北京西城·二模）You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies
use Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its 46 , was never
meant to exist.
46．A．problem B．history C．success D．limitation
名师提醒：根据首句可知说明对象为实体对象说明文。进而把握主旨，空格处前 despite 可判断其与文中的逻辑关系为转
折。
3. 利用逻辑关系之因果关系。
典例 2.
（2024·河南·三模）Emily was once invited to a party. Not knowing anyone except the host, she was anxious. She eventually
called the host, saying she had to 32 their appointment as she wasn’t feeling well.
32．A．arrange B．confirm C．announce D．cancel
思维建模：首句判断事理说明人的情绪状态。设空处后 as 表示“因为”，即逻辑关系为因果。根据上下句即可推知。
4. 利用逻辑关系之平行关系。
典例 3.
（23-24 高三·上海闵行·阶段练习）GuiltyPleasures No Such Thing
We know them when we see them: The TV shows and movies we love, even though we just know they’re bad.
Yes, these are our guilty pleasures — what some people consider the 17 food in our media diets.
17．A．junk B．sugary C．spiritual D．transformative
5. 利用逻辑关系之转折关系。
典例 4.
（2024·北京西城二模）You may have heard of the famous workplace communication software, Slack. Many companies use
Slack to virtually communicate across teams. What most people don’t know is that Slack, despite its success , was never
meant to exist. In fact, the company who developed Slack actually had been hoping to create the next popular video game. But
after raising millions of dollars to fund the game development, the company ultimately 47 the project because the game
failed to attract enough users.
47．A．took down B．shut down C．cut down D．passed down
6. 利用词语（搭配）辨析。
典例 5.
（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Tucked away in Tongxiang city, Zhejiang province, the captivating water town of Puyuan is 1
in history and elegance.
1．A．shrouded B．soaked C．steeped D．submerged
典例 6.
（2024·河南·三模）If you 34 with social anxiety too, you may have experienced such things:
34．A．struggle B．assist C．deal D．engage
7. 利用说明文的结构模式之递进式说明。
典例 7.
（2024·江苏盐城三模）Recently, this ancient haven has 2 on a remarkable project, merging reality with literature
by vividly reenacting scenes from a renowned classic. From late June to the end of August, Puyuan 3 into a li
ving, breathing canvas where the book’s antiquated lifestyle is resurrected, beckoning visitors into a realm where time s
tands still.
2．A．launched B．embarked C．initiated D．started
3．A．transforms B．changes C．evolves D．shifts
典例 8（. 2024·河南·三模）Before going to a party, you can turn to some friends for some effective 40 . At the party if
uneasiness 41 you, you can move away to the bathroom and then 42 what to do next. After the party,
you can 43 yourself for going to the party.
40．A．strategies B．treatment C．communication D．teamwork
41．A．escapes B．seizes C．ignores D．angers
42．A．discuss B．ask C．resolve D．know
43．A．enjoy B．reflect C．reward D．adjust
名师提醒：此处运用递进式说明按照时间的顺序进行说明，结构严谨，逻辑清晰。
educational
一、 真题实战
1.（2022 全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about
41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with
their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中
心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who
covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children
replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that
they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our
young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions
reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的)
recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of
egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
2.（2015 广东卷）
How long can human beings live Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 56 to live no longer
than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 57 healthy and
lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 58 . They
wear out, and as a result, we get old and 59 die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 60 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿
命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 61 line between middle age and old age. After all,
many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 62 until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people 63 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many
children died of common childhood 64 . Now that the chances of dying 65 are much lower, the chances of living long are
much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The 66 in our population will have lasting effects on our social
development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 67 , not disaster.
Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 68 if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the 69 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 70
active and be devoted.
56．A．designed B．selected C．improved D．discovered
57．A．completely B．generally C．apparently D．extremely
58．A．rapidly B．harmlessly C．endlessly D．separately
59．A．eventually B．hopelessly C．automatically D．desperately
60．A．busier B．longer C．richer D．happier
61．A．finishing B．guiding C．waiting D．dividing
62．A．stress B．damage C．decline D．failure
63．A．survive B．enjoy C．remember D．value
64．A．problems B．fears C．worries D．diseases
65．A．poor B．young C．sick D．quiet
66．A．changes B．recovery C．safety D．increases
67．A．dreams B．chances C．strengths D．choices
68．A．mind B．appearance C．voice D．movement
69．A．protection B．suggestions C．contributions D．permission
70．A．sound B．appear C．turn D．stay
二、 命题演练
1.（23-24 高三-·山东滨州·期末）It’s hard to put into words how much of a sense of freedom I get from being outdoors and
in the wilderness. If I’m 1 by buildings for too long, I get a bit anxious. I need to see a field, a river or a mountain 2
in front of me.
Spending time outdoors is a wonderful 3 , I like nothing more than getting to the end of a day spent outdoors and
4 the ache in my legs from a long walk. It helps me sleep and is far more 5 than training in a gym.
There are so many 6 walks to choose from all over the UK. We live on a tiny island, relatively speaking, but the
scenery we have here easily 7 some of the most beautiful in the world. We are extremely 8 : on our doorstep
we have beaches, rivers, hills and mountains.
Thanks to the light and the weather, the same walk can feel very different 9 the time of year you do it. But for
breathtaking views whatever the 10 is, I’d recommend Cow and Calf Rocks on Ilk-ley Moor in West Yorkshire. It’s
quite a challenge climbing them, which is why doing so feels more daring than a normal walk and offers 11 that you
don’t get from following a gentle path. It’s perfect if you want a workout as well as fresh air and gives you the chance to get up
high and 12 a view that changes all year round.
Otley Chevin in West Yorkshire is another 13 climb that offers beautiful views. And like Cow and Calf
Rocks, it is within easy 14 of the nearby town. But being Cambrian, my heart will always belong to the Lake District. I
grew up walking those fells in all weathers and seasons, and I think there is nothing more 15 than a big hill walk that
gets your lungs burning and brings you to a view you’ve never seen before.
1．A．crowded B．surrounded C．impressed D．involved
2．A．disappearing B．revealing C．emerging D．floating
3．A．experience B．expectation C．arrangement D．ambition
4．A．doubting B．curing C．feeling D．removing
5．A．harmful B．beneficial C．graceful D．pitiful
6．A．powerful B．grateful C．confusing D．amazing
7．A．rivals B．highlights C．escapes D．explores
8．A．lucky B．tense C．certain D．tough
9．A．picking up B．depending on C．contrasting with D．getting over
10．A．season B．custom C．emotion D．response
11．A．curiosity B．excitement C．encouragement D．indication
12．A．put on B．give off C．take in D．set up
13．A．challenging B．exhausting C．moving D．annoying
14．A．limit B．center C．reach D．distance
15．A．regular B．remote C．obvious D．special
2（. 23-24 高三·广东广州·开学考试）It’s common to post on social media to keep a record of the fun things you do. Although
social media has its positive aspects, it can also have some serious 16 results. For example, have you ever been bored
and decided to check social 17 , only to find out that your best friend is at the Great Wall, one of your classmates is
eating delicious noodles at your 18 restaurant, and one of your basketball teammates is visiting the giant pandas in
Sichuan Oh! You’re really 19 ! At least that’s what you might think.
Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life 20 than you are Researchers
call that feeling the fear of missing out or FOMO.
FOMO is a real 21 that over 75% of young people experience from time to time. Social media is the cause,
because it’s so easy today to 22 through to see what your friends are doing, eating, buying and talking about.
23 , it would be impossible to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media. Rather than 24
this basic truth, though, we often let FOMO lead us to compare our lives to those of others on social media. This 25
leaves us feeling dissatisfied. Why We know all the aspects of our lives—both good and bad. But all we see on social media are
the 26 moments others share. FOMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to a negative cycle that
can be hard to 27 . Researchers have found that social media and FOMO can cause feelings of 28 ,
loneliness and boredom. Researchers advise that we stop looking for 29 on social media. If we let FOMO 30
us, the only thing we’ll really be missing out on is our own life. And life’s too short for that!
16．A．critical B．negative C．contradictory D．skeptical
17．A．contact B．relations C．media D．issues
18．A．favourite B．accessible C．extraordinary D．optional
19．A．missing out B．figuring out C．picking out D．running out
20．A．less B．further C．worse D．more
21．A．problem B．feeling C．framework D．term
22．A．glance B．look C．get D．pull
23．A．Occasionally B．Initially C．Unfortunately D．Oppositely
24．A．resisting B．realizing C．distinguishing D．analyzing
25．A．criterion B．understanding C．assessment D．comparison
26．A．abundant B．exact C．similar D．perfect
27．A．adjust B．break C．expect D．tell
28．A．surprise B．difficulty C．depression D．anger
29．A．benefit B．dignity C．happiness D．substitute
30．A．take away from B．take in C．take over D．take control of
3.（2024·湖南·二模）On August 2nd when Indonesia got its only gold medal at the Tokyo Olympics, the winning team of
Greysia Polii and Apriyani Rahayu fell to their knees and cried with relief. Some 3,500 miles away, Indonesia 31 with
joy. The president 32 their success in the women’s doubles game of badminton to be an early “birthday gift” to the
nation, whose independence day is on August 17th.
In England, where the modern version of the sport 33 , badminton is a lawn (草坪) game. In Asia it is a serious
business. At the Badminton World Championships in 2019, Asian countries won 19 of 20 medals. In recent decades, China has
34 as a heavyweight. But Indonesia is the sport’s 35 . It has won more titles at the Thomas Cup, the most 36
tournament, than any other country.
Badminton is the only sport in which Indonesia has ever won gold at the Olympics — and it has done so at all but one since
the sport became an official 37 of the Olympics in 1992. Indonesia is the “home of badminton”. “Wherever you travel
in Indonesia, within a 38 you can find people playing badminton. Racquets (球拍) and balls can easily be bought or
made, and once a clothesline and a challenger have been 39 , the match is on,” says Raja Sapta Oktohari, president of
the Indonesian Olympic Committee.
It is little wonder then that badminton is Indonesia’s 40 . It is also the most developed in the country, which
owns the only national team for which the government 41 a training centre. Parents also encourage their children to
take it 42 . The rewards for skill and hard work are 43 . It’s said that players of the national team earn
more than $2,000 a month, ten times the average income. Perhaps most importantly, badminton is a 44 of national
pride. It is the only sport to 45 a string of heroes; Rudy Hartono, for example, has won eight titles at the All England
men’s singles, more than any other player.
31．A．tripped B．erupted C．broke D．collapsed
32．A．declared B．acknowledged C．interpreted D．appreciated
33．A．existed B．regained C．originated D．flowered
34．A．varied B．emerged C．approached D．grown
35．A．challenger B．host C．threat D．dominator
36．A．distinguished B．dynamic C．complicated D．privileged
37．A．schedule B．incident C．event D．project
38．A．court B．community C．park D．second
39．A．spotted B．witnessed C．located D．supported
40．A．habit B．favorite C．practice D．custom
41．A．runs B．contacts C．demonstrates D．conducts
42．A．down B．off C．over D．up
43．A．numbered B．limitless C．definite D．handsome
44．A．source B．resource C．mark D．symbol
45．A．detect B．produce C．model D．acquire
