第13讲 非谓语动词:过去分词(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)

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名称 第13讲 非谓语动词:过去分词(讲义)(含答案) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
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第 13 讲 过去分词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
【基础详单】
知识点 过去分词的概念及特点 3
过去分词考点一 过去分词的句法功能
知识点 1 作定语 4
知识点 2 作补语 5
知识点 3 作表语 5
知识点 4 作状语 6
知识点 5 非谓语动词解题步骤
7
过去分词考点二
知识点 1 过去分词用于省略句“连词+过去分词” 7
知识点 2 过去分词用于独立主格结构 8
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 8
2.命题演练 9
题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析
新高考 I 卷 closed 作表语
2024 新高考 II 卷 inspired 作定语 新旧高考英语语法填空有关动词的题对比:
新高考:分析近年高考真题可知,新高考在命
浙江 1 月 designed 作定语
题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点与长难句综合
新高考Ⅰ卷 recognized 作定语
运用的考查,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合
全国甲卷 intended 作定语
语态进行综合设题,难度较大。
2023 全国乙卷 built 作定语
旧高考:侧重动词时态和主谓一致,相对简单。
语 法
天津卷第一次 posted 作定语
复习目标:
填空
浙江 1 月 surrounded 作定语
掌握过去分词的基本用法。
全国甲卷 held 作定语 掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
2022 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语全国乙卷 shared 作定语
的用法。
北京卷卷 supported 作定语
浙江 1 月 studied 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点 1 过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式
上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式:done
过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中
不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
知识点 1 作定语
1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作;
2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
【名师提醒】过去分词作定语,表示被动,相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。
例1.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
例2.I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
例3.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。
例4.The houses built last year are for the teachers.
=The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。
典例 1(. 2024新高考 II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace
Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the
Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
典例 2.(2023 新高考 I 卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【变式训练】1(. 2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测)Together through Connectivity”,the competition centered on the global
practices of China’s modernization drive and highlighted the universal understanding of the BRI’s spirit and
China’s strong desire to build a community with a (share)future for mankind.
【变式训练】2(. 2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测) (write) poetry is thought to have been recorded about 2000
BC with The Epic of Gilgamesh.
知识点 2 作补语
场合 用法 示例
1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如 notice, let, I heard the song sung in English.
观感类 make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
使役类 feel。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
动词后 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如 have, get, keep, He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himsel
leave, make 等后。 f heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。
1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已 With his homework finished, he went to the park to
with 结 完成的动作; play.
构 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的 作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作;
3. with 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。省略 则该结构变为独立主格结构。
【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。
例1. He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes.
他是个很幽默的人,总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。
例2. I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
典例 1.(2024·重庆·三模)By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo had
completed the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses (equip) with
multimedia classrooms.
典例 2.(23-24 高三·四川泸州·阶段练习)With its fascinating history, cultures and customs (bring)
back to the island by overseas Chinese, the atmosphere of Haikou is more than worth experiencing.
【变式训练】1.With all the books he was interested in (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great
satisfaction.
【变式训练】2.The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
知识点 3 作表语
1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的
表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);
delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited
(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消
沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的)
The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。
2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone 消失了,不在了; fallen 落下的;
known 著名的; mistaken 无解的,弄错的等。
【易错提醒】1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语
的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表
示“令人......的”。
例1. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语 the window 所处的状态 broken)这扇窗户碎了。
例2. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是 Tim 打碎的。
例3. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
典例 1(. 2024·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)Because it is so (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the
same height, people sometimes come across it without warning.
典例 2.(2024 高三·全国· 模拟试题)It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting
(cheat).
【变式训练】Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
知识点 4 作状语
过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子
主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与 while, when, once, if, unless 等连词连用。
例 1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警
告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。
例 2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后面。
例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...)
例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。
典例 1.(2024 高三·福建·期末) (see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure“8”or the
infinity sign “∞”.
典例 2.(2024 四川高三期中) (strike) by the beauty of the moment, we sat there, feeling proud to have
witnessed such a magical sight.
【变式训练】1. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for
scholars.
【变式训练】2.First (manufacture) in Shanghai in the 1940s, White Rabbit wasn’t only a household
name in China, it also was used as gifts for foreign dignitaries (政要).
知识点 5 非谓语动词解题步骤
归纳
1. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况;
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式;
作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,
用过去分词。
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
知识点 1 连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有 be 动词
时,可以省略 be 动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
例1. When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。
=When it is completed, ...
例2. Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
=Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
典例 1(. 23-24 高三·福建·期末)To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly,
will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts.
典例 2(. 2024 高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习)To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their
parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【变式训练】1. The passengers on board were asked to fasten their seat belts as (instruct) the moment
they settled down.
【变式训练】2.Though still (practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.
知识点 2 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是
分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。
= Because all our savings had been gone...
例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力全用在上面了。
例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed.
很多事情处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
典例 1(. 2024高三·重庆模拟)A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the
most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars.
典例 2.(2024·高三全国模拟)Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head (bend), in homesickness I am
drowned.
【变式训练】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention________ (fix) on it.
一、 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2024·浙江 1 月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
2.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
3.(2022·北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly _______ (support)
by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
4.(2021·新高考 II 卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
5.(2020·浙江卷 1 月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
6.(2020 全国 II 卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2024·河北高三模拟)As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to
the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
2. (2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟)The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长 ) of a
circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
3.(2024 高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习)All the opinions and ideas (collect) from others can give the
decision maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision.
4.(2024 高三·广东·阶段练习)In 2004, a museum (dedicate) to Qiaopi opened in Shantou City,
Guangdong, where almost all families have saved such letters in their homes.
5. (2024 高三·湖北·模拟预测)High-end Dragon Well, tasting like spring’s first green vegetables accented by
chestnuts (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce.
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)Among the over 5,000 precious relics (excavate)from the ruins, the most
eye-catching is the Golden Sun Bird.
7.(四川省绵阳市高中 2023-2024 学年诊断试题)One day when she is cycling to school, she bumps into a
handsome student named Souta, who turns out to be a “Closer” — a person _____(charge) with “closing doors
to another world”.
8.(河北省石家庄市 2023-2024 学年高三试题)Abduk Basit Khan, a Pakistani exhibitor participating in the expo
for the second time, attended the fair. He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, specially designed for the Chinese
market, and expressed hope for a better year ______ (compare) to the previous one. He mentioned that the Chinese
market is significant for jade products, and his businesshas been operating in China for 10 years.
9.(2024·福建·高三模拟) (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major
exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
10.(2023·河南信阳·高三试题) (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company
eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.第 13 讲 过去分词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航........................................................................................................2
02 知识导图·思维引航........................................................................................................3
03 考点突破·考法探究........................................................................................................3
【基础详单】
知识点 过去分词的概念及特点...............................................................................................3
过去分词考点一 过去分词的句法功能
知识点 1 作定语 .......................................................................................................................4
知识点 2 作补语 .......................................................................................................................5
知识点 3 作表语 .......................................................................................................................7
知识点 4 作状语 .......................................................................................................................8
知识点 5 非谓语动词解题步骤 ...............................................................................................9
过去分词考点二
知识点 1 用于省略句“连词+过去分词”............................................................................9
知识点 2 用于独立主格结构 .................................................................................................10
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1. 真题实战 ...............................................................................................................................12
2. 命题演练 ...............................................................................................................................13
题型 年份 卷别 过去分词 功能 考情分析
新高考 I 卷 closed 作表语 新旧高考英语语法填空有关动词的题对比:
2024 新高考 II 卷 inspired 做定语 新高考:分析近年高考真题可知,新高考在命
浙江 1 月 designed 作定语 题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点与长难句综合
recognized 运用的考查,对非谓语动词的各种形式,结合新高考Ⅰ卷 作定语
语态进行综合设题,难度较大。
全国甲卷 intended 作定语
旧高考:侧重动词时态和主谓一致,相对简单。
2023 全国乙卷 built 作定语
语 法 复习目标:
天津卷第一次 posted 作定语
填空
浙江 1 月 surrounded 掌握过去分词的基本用法。作定语
掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
全国甲卷 held 作定语
2022 掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语全国乙卷 shared 作定语
的用法。
北京卷卷 supported 作定语
浙江 1 月 studied 作定语
【基础详单】
知识点 过去分词的概念及特点
非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词
(现在分词和过去分词)三类,它们没有人称和数的变化,但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式
上的变化,还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
过去分词构成形式:done
过去分词基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,表示有关被动的或者是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中
不可作谓语,可以作定语、表语、宾语、补语或状语。
考点一 过去分词句法功能
知识点 1 作定语
1. 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作;
2. 单个分词修饰名词作前置定语;分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。
【名师提醒】过去分词作定语,表示被动,相当于省略了“which/that+be”的定语从句。
例1.The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
例2.I spotted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。
例3.The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人。
例4.The houses built last year are for the teachers.
=The houses that/which were built last year are for the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。
典例 1(. 2024新高考 II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace
Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ______ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the
Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”
和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填 inspired。
【答案】inspired
【思维建模】首先寻找句中的谓语动词,以确定设空处的动词形式。然后再观察非谓语在句中所充当的句
子成分进一步推理。
典例 2.(2023 新高考 I 卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河
小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词 home 前面作定语,recognize 与 home 是逻辑上动宾关系,需填
过去分词 recognized 作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填 recognized。
【答案】recognized
【易错提醒】考生容易不关注空格后面的名词,忽略句子成分,只注重构词法,误填 recognition。
【变式训练】1(. 2024·江苏泰州·模拟预测)Together through Connectivity”,the competition centered on the global
practices of China’s modernization drive and highlighted the universal understanding of the BRI’s spirit and
China’s strong desire to build a community with a (share)future for mankind.
【解析】考查分词形容词。句意同上。分析句子可知,空处修饰名词 future,用形容词作定语,表示“共享
的”用 shared。故填 shared。
【答案】shared
【变式训练】2(. 2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测) (write) poetry is thought to have been recorded about 2000
BC with The Epic of Gilgamesh.
【解析】考查形容词。句意;书面诗歌被认为是在公元前 2000 年的《吉尔伽美什史诗》中被记录下来的。
修饰 poetry 应用形容词 written,意为“书面的”,句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Written。
【答案】Written
知识点 2 作补语
场合 用法 示例
1. 表感觉或心理状态的动词如 notice, let, I heard the song sung in English.
观感类 make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
使役类 feel。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。
动词后 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词如 have, get, keep, He spoke in a loud voice in order to make himsel
leave, make 等后。 f heard.他大声讲话,以便让别人听到。
1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已 With his homework finished, he went to the park to
with 结 完成的动作; play.
构 2.对比:该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的 作业写完了,他便去公园玩了。
She had to walk home with her bike stolen.
动作;现在分词表示一个主动动作;
3. with 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。省略 则该结构变为独立主格结构。
【名师提醒】过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑宾语,该动词与宾语之间有动宾关系。
例1. He is a humorous man and he always keeps us amused with his jokes.
他是个很幽默的人,总是用他的笑话让我们消遣。
例2. I found him buried in a novel. 我发现他在埋头读一本小说。
典例 1.(2024·重庆·三模)By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo had
completed the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses (equip) with
multimedia classrooms.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:截至去年年底,淄博市 97%的中小学完成了数字化转型,295 所学校建立
了配备多媒体教室的智能校园。此处为 with 的复合结构,短语 be equipped with 表示“配备”,设空处填过去
分词作宾补。故填 equipped。
【答案】equipped
典例 2.(23-24 高三·四川泸州·阶段练习)With its fascinating history, cultures and customs (bring)
back to the island by overseas Chinese, the atmosphere of Haikou is more than worth experiencing.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着海外华人将其迷人的历史、文化和习俗带回岛上,海口的氛围非常
值得体验。分析句子可知,此处为 with 的复合结构,其中的动词应为非谓语形式,its fascinating history, cultures
and customs 和 bring 为被动关系,所以为过去分词形式。故填 brought。
【答案】brought
【变式训练】1.With all the books he was interested in (buy), Tom left the bookshop with great
satisfaction.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆买了所有他感兴趣的书,心满意足地离开了书店。“he was interested
in”是定语从句,修饰 books,此处是 with 复合结构,books 和 buy 之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去
分词表被动,故填 bought。
【答案】bought
【易错提醒】解答此题时,理清句子结构是重点。考生容易受空格前介词的影响,误填 buying。he 前面省
略关系代词,作介词 in 的宾语。
【变式训练】2.The app keeps you (update) on all your favorite topics and current events.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该应用程序更新所有你最喜欢的话题和时事。此处 update 与 you 构成被
动关系,故用过去分词作宾补。故填 updated。
过去分词表示被动,作宾语补足语。故填 covered。
【答案】updated
知识点 3 作表语
1.过去分词作表语,表示“感到……”,常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的
表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如:amazed(感到惊讶的); bored(感到无聊的);confused(困惑的);
delighted(开心的);depressed(低落的);determined(下定决心的); disappointed(失望的);excited
(兴奋的);embarrassed(尴尬的);exhausted(筋疲力尽的);frightened(令人惊骇的);frustrated(消
沉的); interested(感兴趣的);satisfied (满意度);surprised(吃惊的);moved(感动的)
The pupils will get confused if they learn too much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多,他们会感到困惑。
2.be+不及物动词的过去分词,一般是系表结构。如:gone 消失了,不在了; fallen 落下的;
known 著名的; mistaken 无解的,弄错的等。
【易错提醒】1.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。但被动语态表示主语的动作,作表语
的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语,说名主语的身份、性质或情况,主语大多是物。表
示“令人......的”。
例1. The window is broken.(系表结构,表示主语 the window 所处的状态 broken)这扇窗户碎了。
例2. The window was broken by Tim.(被动语态,表示动作)这扇窗户是 Tim 打碎的。
例3. The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
典例 1(. 2024·湖北黄冈·模拟预测)Because it is so (hide) and the land on either side of the canyon is the
same height, people sometimes come across it without warning.
【解析】考查形容词。句意:因为它非常隐蔽,而且峡谷两侧的土地高度相同,所以人们有时会毫无预兆
地遇到它。空处应填形容词作表语。故填 hidden。
【答案】hidden
典例 2.(2024 高三·全国· 模拟试题)It is recognised that people making friends online are afraid of getting
(cheat).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:大家都知道,网上交友的人害怕被骗。cheat 和 people 之间是被动关系,
应用过去分词作表语,表被动意义,故填 cheated。
【答案】cheated
【思维建模】遇到名词题时,首先确定谓语动词属于系动词,则后面应当跟表语。再根据设空动词与所修
饰词之间的逻辑关系确定答案。
【变式训练】Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:车辆的速度比以往任何时候都快,但它们仍然困在交通堵塞中。分析句
子可知,空处作 remain 的表语,they(Vehicles)和 trap 之间为被动关系,应用 trap 的过去分词形式
trapped,构成 remain trapped,表示“仍然被困”。故填 trapped。
【答案】trapped
知识点 4 作状语
过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子
主语之间的被动关系;为了强调,还可以与 while, when, once, if, unless 等连词连用。
例 1.Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.(=Though he was warned...)虽然被警
告危险,他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。
例 2.The professor came into the classroom, followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后面。
例3. Given more time, I can finish the work.(=If I am given...)
例4. Seen from the hill, the city looks more beautiful.从山顶看,这座城市显得格外美丽。
典例 1.(2024 高三·福建·期末) (see) from above, the shape of this building is like a figure“8”or the
infinity sign “∞”.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从上面看,这个建筑的形状像一个数字“8”或无穷符号“∞”。分析句子可
知,is 是句中系动词,此处为非谓语动词,且 the shape of this building 与 see“看”为被动关系,应用过去分
词,作状语。故填 Seen。
【答案】Seen
典例 2.(2024 四川高三期中) (strike) by the beauty of the moment, we sat there, feeling proud to have
witnessed such a magical sight.
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:我们被这一瞬间的美景所打动,坐在那里,为目睹了这样一个神奇的景象而
感到自豪。空处为非谓语动词,we 与 strike 为被动关系,用过去分词作状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写。
故填 Struck。
【答案】Struck
【变式训练】1. (make) from seeds, leaves and flowers, incense has been used as an enjoyable pursuit for
scholars.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:香由种子、叶子和花朵制成,一直是学者们追求的一种享受。分析句子,
句中 has been used 为谓语动词,设空处使用非谓语动词,同时 incense 与 make 之间是被动关系,故使用过
去分词作状语。同时该空置于句首,开头单词首字母大写。故填 Made。
【答案】Made
【变式训练】2.First (manufacture) in Shanghai in the 1940s, White Rabbit wasn’t only a household
name in China, it also was used as gifts for foreign dignitaries (政要).
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:大白兔于 20 世纪 40 年代在上海首次生产,它不仅在中国家喻户晓,还
被用作送给外国政要的礼物。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,manufacture 和主句主语 White Rabbit 之间存在
被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填 manufactured。
【答案】manufactured
知识点 5 非谓语动词解题步骤
归纳
1. 寻找到谓语,以便区分所填空是否为非谓语。
2. 判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
3. 找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
作主语或宾语,常用动名词表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况;
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,一般用不定式;
作伴随状语、时间、方式等状语,常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,若是被动关系,
用过去分词。
考点二 过去分词用于省略句
知识点 1 连词+过去分词
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致,且从句中含有 be 动词
时,可以省略 be 动词,如果,从句中是被动结构时,即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
例1. When completed, the road will be open to public. 当这条铁路修好后,将会对公众开放。
=When it is completed, ...
例2. Though he was warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
=Though warned danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
典例 1(. 23-24 高三·福建·期末)To any neighboring countries, border issues, unless (handle) properly,
will directly affect the relationship between them and even lead to conflicts.
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:对于任何邻国来说,边界问题如果处理不好,都会直接影响到邻国
之间的关系,甚至引发冲突。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为 it,且从句含有 be 动词
时,可以省略状语从句的主语和 be 动词。本句从句完整句子为 unless border issues are handled properly,省
略 border issues are,border issues 和 handle“处理”之间是被动关系,保留过去分词。故填 handled。
【答案】handled
典例 2(. 2024 高三·河北石家庄·阶段练习)To guarantee security, children, when ( accompany) by their
parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【解析】考查省略句和过去分词。句意:为了保证安全,孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。分析句
子可知,此处是 when 引导的状语从句,从句的主语和主句的主语 children 一致,可用代词 they 代替,且由
by their parents 可知此处是被动语态,时态是一般现在时,此时可省略 when 从句的主语和 be 代词,即 when
(they are) accpmpanied by their parents。故填 accompanied。
【答案】accompanied
【变式训练】1. The passengers on board were asked to fasten their seat belts as (instruct) the moment
they settled down.
【解析】考查省略。句意:飞机上的乘客一坐下来就被要求按指示系好安全带。分析可知,乘客是按照被
指示的系好安全带,由 were asked 可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此 as 后的句子是 as they were
instructed,为 as 引导的方式状语从句,方式状语从句中主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中有 be 动词时,可
省略从句中的主语和 be 动词,也就是省略 they were,因此空格处是 instructed,故填 instructed。
【答案】instructed
【变式训练】2.Though still (practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然今天仍在实行,但茶道可能不像以前那样受欢迎。分析句子结构可
知,此处应该填非谓语动词形式作状语,though 引导让步状语从句时,主语与主句主语一致,且谓语动词
含有 be 动词时,可以省略主语和 be 动词,所以判断 practice 与句子主语 the tea ceremony 为被动关系,应该
使用过去分词。故填 practiced。
【答案】practiced
知识点 2 过去分词构成独立主格结构
“名词/代词+过去分词”中,名词或代词是过去分词的逻辑主语,与分词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,是
分词动作的承受者,在句中作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
例1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了,我们就开始找工作。
= Because all our savings had been gone...
例2. Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
专心致志地听着讲座,所有注意力全用在上面了。
例3. Many things settled, the manager looks relaxed.
很多事情处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
典例 1(. 2024高三·重庆模拟)A large number of paintings are collected and displayed in the British Museum, the
most famous one (estimate) to be worth more than 80 million dollars.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:大英博物馆收藏并展出了大量的画作,其中最著名的一幅估计价值超过
8000 万美元。分析句子可知,“the most famous one         (estimate) to be worth more than 80
million dollars”是独立主格结构作状语,estimate 与逻辑主语 the most famous one(one 指代 painting)是被动
关系,用过去分词形式,故填 estimated。
【答案】estimated
典例 2.(2024·高三全国模拟)Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright; Head (bend), in homesickness I am
drowned.
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:举头望明月,低头思故乡。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用独立
主格结构,head 与 bend 的逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词。故填 bent。
【答案】bent
【变式训练】Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention________ (fix) on it.
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:吉姆聚精会神地听讲座,所有的注意力都集中在上面。分析句子结构
可知,逗号后面的成分为独立主格结构,fix 与逻辑主语 attention 之间是被动关系,应用过去分词形式 fixed
表示被动意义,构成独立主格结构。故填 fixed。
【答案】fixed
一、 真题实战
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2024·浙江 1 月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs
__________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】designed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分
成两份。动词 design 意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语 packs 构成被动关系,且动作已完成,
所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填 designed。
2.(2023·全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than
3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build)
system of ring roads.
【答案】built。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是 3000 多年辉煌历史
的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,
表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填 built。
3.(2022·北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly _______ (support)
by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【答案】supported
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子
结构可知,空格处的动词做非谓语,结合空格后的 by experts 可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”,所以空格
处应用过去分词表被动。故填 supported。
4.(2021·新高考 II 卷)I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
【答案】excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作 was 之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,
用 v+ed 形式的形容词,所以填 excited。
5.(2020·浙江卷 1 月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large ____________
(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均
而言,人口比以前老龄化。Compare 与 old generation 之间表示被动关系,故填 compared。
6.(2020 全国 II 卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ___________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中
them 指代前句中的 orange trees,与 decorate 之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填
decorated。
二、 命题演练
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. (2024·河北高三模拟)As China has more than 297 million people (age) 60 and over, according to
the latest statistics, this day has grown in popularity over the years.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查分词形容词。句意:根据最新统计,中国 60 岁及以上的人口超过 2.97 亿,这一天多年来越来
越受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里需要形容词,意为“年龄是……岁的”,作后置定语。故填 aged。
2. (2024·湖南长郡中学·高三模拟)The number pi, or π, is equal to the circumference (圆周长 ) of a
circle______ (divide) by the circle’s diameter (直径).
【答案】divided
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:π 等于圆的周长除以圆的直径。分析句子可知,此处 divide“除以”需要使用
过去分词形式,作 the circumstance of a circle“圆的周长”的后置定语,即被除以直径的圆周长。故填 divided。
3.(2024 高三·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习)All the opinions and ideas (collect) from others can give the
decision maker a more comprehensive picture of the current situation and help him or her make a correct decision.
【答案】collected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:所有从别人那里收集来的意见和想法可以让决策者对当前的形势有一个
更全面的了解,帮助他或她做出正确的决定。名词 the opinions and ideas 与 collect 之间为被动关系,所以用
过去分词作后置定语。故填 collected。
4.(2024 高三·广东·阶段练习)In 2004, a museum (dedicate) to Qiaopi opened in Shantou City,
Guangdong, where almost all families have saved such letters in their homes.
【答案】dedicated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:2004 年,广东省汕头市开设了一家专门纪念桥批的博物馆,在那里,几
乎所有的家庭都把这些信件保存在家里。句中 opened 是谓语,此处为非谓语,动词 dedicate 和前文名词
museum 之间是被动关系,用其过去分词作后置定语,已转化为形容词,意为“专用的”。故填 dedicated。
5. (2024 高三·湖北·模拟预测)High-end Dragon Well, tasting like spring’s first green vegetables accented by
chestnuts (roast) with sugar, can sell for 15 to over a hundred dollars an ounce.
【答案】roasted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:高端龙井,尝起来像春天的第一批富有糖烤栗子风味的绿色蔬菜,每盎
司售价 15 到 100 多美元。分析句子可知,空处作 chestnuts 的后置定语,是非谓语动词,roast“烘烤”和 chestnuts
逻辑上是被动关系,且此处侧重 chestnuts 的特性,应用 roast 的过去分词形式。故填 roasted。
6.(2024·江西九江·二模)Among the over 5,000 precious relics (excavate)from the ruins, the most
eye-catching is the Golden Sun Bird.
【答案】excavated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在遗址中出土的 5000 多件珍贵文物中,最引人注目的是金太阳鸟。分析
句子可知,excavate 作定语,修饰 relics,二者之间是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填 excavated。
7.(四川省绵阳市高中 2023-2024 学年诊断试题)One day when she is cycling to school, she bumps into a
handsome student named Souta, who turns out to be a “Closer” — a person _____(charge) with “closing doors
to another world”.
【答案】charged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一天,当她骑自行车去学校的时候,她遇到了一个名叫 Souta 的英俊学生,
他原来是一个“关闭者”——一个负责“关闭另一个世界的门”的人。分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语 person
和非谓语动词 charge (赋予……职责或任务)之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 charged。
8.(河北省石家庄市 2023-2024 学年高三试题)Abduk Basit Khan, a Pakistani exhibitor participating in the expo
for the second time, attended the fair. He showed Pakistani jade(玉器) products, specially designed for the Chinese
market, and expressed hope for a better year ______ (compare) to the previous one. He mentioned that the Chinese
market is significant for jade products, and his businesshas been operating in China for 10 years.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他展示了专为中国市场设计的巴基斯坦玉器产品,并表示希望今年比去
年更好。分析句子结构可知短语 be compared to,此处省略 be 动词,用过去分词作状语。故填 compared。
9.(2024·福建·高三模拟) (select) from collections throughout the world, it is the first major
exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
【答案】Selected 
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:从世界各地的收藏品中挑选出来,这是他 40 多年来第一次大型作品展览。
select 与逻辑主语 it 之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填 Selected。
10.(2023·河南信阳·高三试题) (found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company
eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.
【答案】Founded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1905 年革命后,该公司在莫斯科成立,最终于 20 世纪 20 年代末落户特
拉维夫。分析句子可知,“(found) in Moscow after the 1905 revolution”作状语,found(成立)是非谓语动词,与
其逻辑主语 the company 之间是被动关系,且“found”这一动作已经完成,应用过去分词表示被动和完成;句
首单词首字母大写。故填 Founded。
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