第 14 讲 语法填空
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 高分技巧 4
考点二 提示词为动词 4
考点三 提示词为名词 9
考点四 提示词为形容词/副词 11
考点五 提示词为数词 12
考点六 提示词为代词 13
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 14
2.命题演练 15
近三高考真题语法填空考点细目表
有提示词 无提示词
年份 卷别 词数
形容词
谓语 非谓语 名词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词
副词
新课标 I 卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
新课标 I 卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
2023
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
新课标 I 卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2022 新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知，语法填空命题侧重三个方面：中国传统文化、世界科技进步、自然环境。注重
通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在
跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。一是考查中国传统文化，二是考查生活故事，三是考查科学
技术进步。
从 2024 年新高考卷语法填空看，长难句进一步增加，强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综
合考查。语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。
整体分布：考查以实词为主，虚词为辅；有词填空占 6-7 空，无词填空占 3-4 空；谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点，并列
句和复合句也是高考热点；介词考查相对比较频繁。
有提示词：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;
知识点 2 高分技巧
一 通读全文把握大意.
通读全文有利于读懂全文大意，也有利于填空时必要的逻辑推理，解决相关的难题如动词的时态语态题。
二 精读文章，关注设空词的词性及对应的解题规律。
做谓语：1.确定时态； 2. 确定语态；3. 确定主谓一致（具体详见本专辑专题第 14、15、16、17、18 讲）。
不作谓语：1. 作非谓语 a.分析在句中充当哪一种句子成分；b. 分析与谓语之间的先后关系；
动词 c. 分析与所修饰之间的主被动关系；（具体详见本专辑专题第 11、12、13 讲）
2. 考虑词性转换（分析在句中充当哪种句子成分）
名词 1.考虑名词单数变复数；2.考虑名词变为所有格；3.考虑名词变为形容词；（具体详见本专辑专题第 01 讲）
形 容 1.考虑形容词变为副词；2.考虑加前缀变为反义词；3.考虑加前缀变为动词；4.考虑形容词或副词的级别变化。
词 （具体详见本专辑专题第 08、09 讲）
有提示词：①宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词：
代词 作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词。（具体详见本专辑专题第 03 讲）
三 复读选项代入检验
通读全文，将所有答案代入短文中进行检查，注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
考点二 动词
判断技巧：1.分析句子结构若为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
解题策略：1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
近三年高考动词考查细目：
年份 卷别 谓语（时态语态一致） 非谓语动词 词类转换
新课标 I 卷 60. walks 58. to give59. closed
2024 新课标 II 卷 58. were 61. was built 60. inspired65. to find 66. Recalling
全国甲卷 64. were 65. be done 61. to catch pletion
57.to bite 59.recognized 61.to be lifted
新课标 I 卷
65.wanting
2023 新课标 II 卷 65.wished 60.visiting 56.arrival
全国甲卷 70.be employed 61.to teach 65.borrowing 66.intended 65.warning
全国乙卷 67.was amazed 70.means 62.built 66.Having visited 68.recording
新课标 I 卷 58.were 60.is designed 56.Covering 59.to increase
新课标 II 卷 62.was fixing 63.threw 56.falling 59.to see
2022
全国甲卷 67.has walked 61.to journey 63.held 70.planning 65.protection
全国乙卷 63.addressed 66.shared 68.To strengthen 69.inviting
解题步骤：1. 判断时态
2. 判断语态
3. 判断主谓一致
4. 判断非谓语动词
一 当动词作谓语时
时态 关键步骤
(1)看到 often，usually，always，sometimes 等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到 yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day 等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
查找
(3)看到 tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon 等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
时态
(4)看到 at this moment，at present，now 等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
标志
(5)看到 since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...
词
等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到 by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
(1)可根据并列连词 and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确
查找
定所填谓语动词的时态。
连词
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
(1) sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
查找 (2) This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
常用 (3) This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
句式 (4) sb +had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时
(5) 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
语境 分析句子结构，没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，
暗示 也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
典例 1.（2024 年辽宁省东北育才学校一模试题）Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of
architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside (do).
思维建模：本题没有标志性时间状语，正确理解语境暗示为解题的关键。
典例 2.（新高考 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____(walk) visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
名师提醒：从近年高考真题看，对时态的考查题目中，明显的时间状语并不常出现，解题时需要把握上述关键步骤，进
行整体把握推敲。
语态 关键步骤
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关
根据逻辑辨
系则考虑用被动语态。
别主动或被
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
动关系
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断 be 动词的形式。
(1)当 feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等后面接形容词时；
主动表被动
(2)当 read，sell，wear，write，wash 等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
典例 1.(2006 全国 I 卷) The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
典例 2（. 2023 全国乙卷） Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old
and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
主谓一致 关键步骤
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
语法一致
(2)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词表
示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如 with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，
rather than，including，in addition to 等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(4)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no 所修饰的名词作
主语时，即使有 and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
(5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(1)由 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的
就近一致 数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由 there，here 引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是集体的一个个成员，谓
语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group 等。
意义一致
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者 part of 等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
典例 1.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
典例 2.（河北省唐山市 2024 年高三演练试题） It (design) to allow in light, improve ventilation (通风), and harvest
rainwater.
变式训练（江苏省南通市如皋市 2023-2024 学年度高三调研试题）Wearing traditional Li costumes, and fishing in
streams________ (be) among visitors’ favorite activities. Danzhou has also attracted visitors by organizing sports events.
二 当动词作非谓语时
典例 1.（广东省深圳市 2024 年高三试题）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925,
allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
典例 2.（辽宁省六校 2023-2024 学年高三联考试卷）Shyness is a force which prevents us from realizing our potential and
(enjoy) the company of other people.
变式训练 1.（福建省漳州市 2024 年高三质量检测）In the long history of Chinese civilization, we may feel that the unique
Chinese characteristics are all around us and all within us, ____ (reflect)in Kungfu to a large extent.
变式训练 2.（2024 年广东省四校高三联考试题）So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great
progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River _______(boost）the high-quality development of the region.
三 当动词需改变词性时
当所给动词既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时，考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词，偶有变形容词或副
词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
1.名词后缀 示例
instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer 设计师
－er/
gather→gatherer 收集者，采集者 teach→teacher 老师
－or
announce→announcer 广播员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 成就
argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
－ment
equip →equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府
astonish→astonishment 惊奇
－y recover→recovery 恢复 discover→discovery 发现
appear→appearance 出现；外貌 guide→guidance 指引；指导
－ance/
perform→performance 表演；表现 exist→existence 存在；生存
－ence
prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure 失败；倒闭 press→pressure 压力
－ture depart→departure 离开；出发 mix→mixture 混合(物)
hear→hearing 听力，听觉 begin→beginning 开始
－ing
build→building 建筑 warn→warning 警告
correct→correction 改正 celebrate→celebration 庆祝
－ion/ conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 discuss→discussion 讨论；论述
－tion/ decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 承认；准许加入
－sion/ permit→permission 允许，许可 invite→invitation 邀请
explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望
2.形容词后缀 示例
accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
－able
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的
adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的
－ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的
annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
－ing thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
relax vt.→ relaxing adj.令人放松的
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
－ful play vt.玩耍→playful adj.有趣的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
compete v. 竞争→competitive adj. 有竞争力的
－ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
－ant resist v. 阻止→resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
典例（2021 新高考 II 卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to
paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
考点三 名词
解题策略：1. 所给词为名词时，常考查单复数的变化；
2. 有时也考查名词的所有格，此时它应做定语，译作“……的”。
3. 考虑名词与其他词类的转换
近三年高考名词考查细目
卷别 词类转换 单数变复数 名词所有格
2024 新高考 I 卷 engineering, richness favourites
2024 新高考 II 卷 visibility themes
2024 全国甲卷 completion treasures
2023 新高考 II 卷 arrival interviews
2023 全国甲卷 warning
2023 全国乙卷 wonders
2022 新高考 I 卷 populations
2022 新高考 II 卷 son's
2022 全国甲卷 protection
2022 全国乙卷 responsibility
形容词名词变后缀 示例
--y fog→foggy 有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced 平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant 有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 延长
典例 1（. 2024 新课标 I 卷）The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57functional structure
that is also beautiful.
典例 2.（2023 全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s
theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.
典例 3.（2023 新高考 I 卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
变式训练（河北省衡水市第二中学 2023-2024 学年高三检测试题）“They showed me what it’s like to be____ (passion)
about something,” he said.
考点四 形容词、副词
解题策略：当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时，则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换，一般常考查形
容词变为副词或名词。做题时，除了根据句意进行判断外，主要应从其所作成分去思考。
一 形容词变副词的变化规则
规则 示例 例外
形容词直接加-ly 变为副词 successful—successfully extreme—extremely actual-actually full-fully
以-y 结尾词变 y 为 i 再加-ly easy—easily necessary---necessarily heavy—heavily shy—shyly
以-le, -ble 结尾词去 e 加 y gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably true-truly whole-wholly
以-ic 结尾词加-ally specific—specifically scientific—scientifically basic-basically public--publicly
以-ing 结尾词直接加-ly interesting—interestingly increasing—increasingly
以-ed 结尾词直接加-ly repeat-repeatedly hurried-hurriedly excited-excitedly
二 比较等级的变化规则
当提示词为形容词或副词时，常考查比较等级(即比较级和最高级)。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的 than, by, the, even
等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。
1. 几种常见的比较级考查点:
(1) 句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。
(2) 句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。
(3) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。
(4) 常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数
等。
2. 平级比较的两个基本句式:
(1) as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。
(2) as+形容词原级 a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。
3. 否定词 no，not，never 等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义
4. 最高级的一个基本结构:
句中常有比较的范围，如 of all, in all，表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构。
典例 1.（2024 全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete ) of their journey.
Their promotional work paid off.
名师提醒：对于设空处给出形容词的填空，不可思维固定化的变为副词，应当瞻前顾后，根据句子结构判断所需词性。
典例 2.（江苏省苏州中学校 2024 年高三试题）The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes even
(popular) among tourists.
考点五 数词
解题策略：根据句子结构和逻辑意思及基数词变序数词的规律解题。变化规律详见本专辑专题第 04 讲。
典例 1.（2023 全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to
the 62 (six) century, B. C.
典例 2（. 2021 新高考 II 卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey
Bay Aquarium in California.
考点六 代词
解题策略：1.所给词为代词时，常考查人称代词变为物主代词，此时其后一般会有一个名词，所给代词就是用来修饰这个
名词的，译作“……的”。
2.所给词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据所作成分或句意进行判断。
典例 1. (2024 浙江 1 月卷）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a
whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
典例 2.（2024 九省联考卷）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and
they can feel proud of (they).
典例 3.（2021 新课标 I 卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the
visitor’s memory. It sure does in __________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to
变式训练（湖南省永州一中 2024 学年高三试题）Growing up in a different environment from (they) elders, they
have witnessed China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse and formed a brand-new consumption concept.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying
extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money. If most of
their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers
out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 6 (criticize) that they
lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it
would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want
to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets
62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then,
when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just
for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an
international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common
___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the
things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony
Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a
six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk
from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors
walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese
actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to
hear the Chinese language ____65____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
3.（2023 全国甲卷）
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of
the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the
form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻 ) are seemingly directed at children.
“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her
fable begins, 65 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious
message 66 (intend) for everyone.
67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the
environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty
69 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the
ages can still 70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
4.（2023 全国乙卷）
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal
palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 62
(build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with
21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good
combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and
how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two
years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the
modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the
next 50 years.
二、 命题演练
Passage 1（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianshui in Northwest China’s Gansu Province is sweeping social media with one of its unique dishes. This city is stepping
into the spotlight now that its local street dish malatang has become increasingly 1 (influence) on social media.
According to the China News Agency, one restaurant owner in Tianshui 2 (note), “we have been serving at least
400 customers a day, as people from other provinces drive to the city to get 3 taste of the local cuisine.” “There has
been a long queue outside my restaurant even on weekdays,” said the shop owner. The growing 4 (popular) of this kind
of street food can also be reflected in its main ingredient, the Gangu chili pepper, or lamb’s horn pepper, grown in Gangu county,
a place well-known 5 the “Hometown of Chili Peppers” in China.
The sales of products such as the broth for Tianshui malatang and Gangu chili peppers have been surging recently. In some
places, the sales of Gangu chili peppers 6 (increase) tenfold in the past two weeks. Young customers born in the 1990s
have become the leading force for its consumption, 7 (account) for 40 percent of chili pepper product sales. At the
same time, related hashtags such as “going for malatang in Gansu by high-speed train” have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo,
8 on the short video platform Douyin, the topic Tianshui has been viewed more than 12 billion times.
The successful tourism experience 9 (earn) by the cities of Zibo and Harbin has paved the way for Tianshui,
10 the culinary dish is becoming a main force for the city to stand out.
Passage 2（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Distracted driving is an ongoing problem. A new poll by State Farm, 11 insurance company, proves once again
that the roads are full of fools. One in five of the 912 drivers 12 (survey) last November admitted accessing the Internet
on their smartphones while driving. Over the past several months, the company 13 (conduct) a deeper study. 14
(teenager) and young adults are more addicted to their phones, and they’re also less experienced drivers, a reason for danger on
the roads with a likely 15 (high) percentage of smartphone use while driving.
Despite 16 (acknowledge) the dangers, none of the guilty drivers seems to be ashamed of 17 (them).
“I’m not saying it’s the smartest thing in the world,” says Sean Black, a 38-year-old Illinois resident, “but I guess I just do it
anyway.”Maybe, to a certain degree, this behavior will never change 18 a near-accident or actual crash doesn’t take
place. Even then, the change will only happen 19 the basis of each individual case, and it puts the lives and well-being
of innocents at the mercy of those 20 are too lazy to change their habits.
Passage 3（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking along the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, but Jim Spear has taken it one step 21
(far), spending the last 18 years living in a village beneath the ancient wonder.
22 68-year-old, a self-taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to move to
China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 23 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, Spear calls Mutianyu
village home. In this quiet place, 24 (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, he lives with his dog
in a home with a courtyard garden he tended 25 (he).
As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house, 26 comes with multiple views of the
Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents. Over the years, the architect 27
(help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate 28 hotels or restaurants, while 29
(do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible.
In 30 (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in 2014.第 14 讲 语法填空
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 2
考点一 题型破解 2
知识点 1 题型特点 3
知识点 2 高分技巧 3
考点二 提示词为动词 4
考点三 提示词为名词 11
考点四 提示词为形容词/副词 13
考点五 提示词为数词 14
考点六 提示词为代词 14
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 16
2.命题演练 21
近三高考真题语法填空考点细目表
有提示词 无提示词
年份 卷别 词数
形容词
谓语 非谓语 名词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词
副词
新课标 I 卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
2024 新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
新课标 I 卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
2023
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
新课标 I 卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2022 新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
考点一 题型破解
知识点 1 题型特点
分析近几年新高考语法填空题可知，语法填空命题侧重三个方面：中国传统文化、世界科技进步、自然环境。注重
通过语篇体现中华文明与世界文明的交流互鉴，引导学生增强国家认同和家国情怀，坚定文化自信，拓展国际视野，在
跨文化交流学习中增进国际理解，推动世界文明共同发展。一是考查中国传统文化，二是考查生活故事，三是考查科学
技术进步。
从 2024 年新高考卷语法填空看，长难句进一步增加，强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的综
合考查。语法填空题命题突出语境，命题包含“词、句、篇”三个层面，彰显“无语境不命题”。
整体分布：考查以实词为主，虚词为辅；有词填空占 6-7 空，无词填空占 3-4 空；谓语和非谓语动词是每年必考点，并列
句和复合句也是高考热点；介词考查相对比较频繁。
有提示词：名词的单复数、谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别等;
知识点 2 高分技巧
一 通读全文把握大意.
通读全文有利于读懂全文大意，也有利于填空时必要的逻辑推理，解决相关的难题如动词的时态语态题。
二 精读文章，关注设空词的词性及对应的解题规律。
做谓语：1.确定时态； 2. 确定语态；3. 确定主谓一致（具体详见本专辑专题第 14、15、16、17、18 讲）。
不作谓语：1. 作非谓语 a.分析在句中充当哪一种句子成分；b. 分析与谓语之间的先后关系；
动词 c. 分析与所修饰之间的主被动关系；（具体详见本专辑专题第 11、12、13 讲）
2. 考虑词性转换（分析在句中充当哪种句子成分）
名词 1.考虑名词单数变复数；2.考虑名词变为所有格；3.考虑名词变为形容词；（具体详见本专辑专题第 01 讲）
形 容 1.考虑形容词变为副词；2.考虑加前缀变为反义词；3.考虑加前缀变为动词；4.考虑形容词或副词的级别变化。
词 （具体详见本专辑专题第 08、09 讲）
有提示词：①宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。②形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。③名词性物主代词：
代词 作主语、宾语或表语。④反身代词。（具体详见本专辑专题第 03 讲）
三 复读选项代入检验
通读全文，将所有答案代入短文中进行检查，注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。
考点二 动词
判断技巧：1.分析句子结构若为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填谓语动词。
2.分析句子结构若为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
3.分析句子结构若为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
解题策略：1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
近三年高考动词考查细目：
年份 卷别 谓语（时态语态一致） 非谓语动词 词类转换
新课标 I 卷 60. walks 58. to give59. closed
2024 新课标 II 卷 58. were 61. was built 60. inspired65. to find 66. Recalling
全国甲卷 64. were 65. be done 61. to catch pletion
57.to bite 59.recognized 61.to be lifted
新课标 I 卷
65.wanting
2023 新课标 II 卷 65.wished 60.visiting 56.arrival
全国甲卷 70.be employed 61.to teach 65.borrowing 66.intended 65.warning
全国乙卷 67.was amazed 70.means 62.built 66.Having visited 68.recording
新课标 I 卷 58.were 60.is designed 56.Covering 59.to increase
新课标 II 卷 62.was fixing 63.threw 56.falling 59.to see
2022
全国甲卷 67.has walked 61.to journey 63.held 70.planning 65.protection
全国乙卷 63.addressed 66.shared 68.To strengthen 69.inviting
解题步骤：1. 判断时态
2. 判断语态
3. 判断主谓一致
4. 判断非谓语动词
一 当动词作谓语时
时态 关键步骤
(1)看到 often，usually，always，sometimes 等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到 yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day 等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
查找
(3)看到 tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon 等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
时态
(4)看到 at this moment，at present，now 等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
标志
(5)看到 since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，for＋时间段，ever since...
词
等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到 by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
(1)可根据并列连词 and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确
查找
定所填谓语动词的时态。
连词
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
(1) sb+was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
查找 (2) This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
常用 (3) This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
句式 (4) sb +had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时
(5) 祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6) It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
语境 分析句子结构，没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境暗示解题，
暗示 也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
典例 1.（2024 年辽宁省东北育才学校一模试题）Working with a billion-dollar budget, he combined them to create a work of
architecture that can excite visitors as much as the art collection inside (do).
【解析】句意：在 10 亿美元的预算下，他将它们结合在一起，创造了一件建筑作品，它可以像里面的艺术收藏一样让游
客兴奋不已。that 引导的定语从句中，根据句中 can excite 可知，句子使用一般现在时，且结合语意，the art collection inside
_____是比较结构，其中主语 the art collection 是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，使用助动词 does，指代上文中的
excite。故填 does。
【答案】does
思维建模：本题没有标志性时间状语，正确理解语境暗示为解题的关键。
典例 2.（新高考 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____(walk) visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk
sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语 the Silk Route
Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks。
【答案】walks
名师提醒：从近年高考真题看，对时态的考查题目中，明显的时间状语并不常出现，解题时需要把握上述关键步骤，进
行整体把握推敲。
语态 关键步骤
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是被动关
根据逻辑辨
系则考虑用被动语态。
别主动或被
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
动关系
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断 be 动词的形式。
(1)当 feel，look，smell，taste，sound 等后面接形容词时；
主动表被动
(2)当 read，sell，wear，write，wash 等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；
典例 1.(2006 全国 I 卷) The water __________(feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
【解析】考查动词时态语态和系表结构。felt cool 是系表结构，主动形式表示被动意义；结合语境应用一般过去时。故答
案是 felt。
【答案】 felt。
典例 2（. 2023 全国乙卷） Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old
and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市
如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such
a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词 amaze 之间为被动关系，所
以用被动语态。故填 was amazed。
【答案】 was amazed。
主谓一致 关键步骤
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(2)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由 and 连接的两个名词表
示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(3)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如 with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，
语法一致
rather than，including，in addition to 等谓语的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
(4)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no 所修饰的名词作
主语时，即使有 and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
(5)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(1)由 or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的
就近一致 数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由 there，here 引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语的数通常和最近的主语保持一致。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是集体的一个个成员，谓
语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group 等。
意义一致
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者 part of 等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
典例 1.（2024 新课标 II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 61
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【解析】60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步
行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被
动关系，用过去分词形式。故填 inspired。
61. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，
其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a
six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was built。
【答案】inspired, was built。
典例 2.（河北省唐山市 2024 年高三演练试题） It (design) to allow in light, improve ventilation (通风), and harvest
rainwater.
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：它的设计是为了采光、改善通风和收集雨水。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述天
井的设计特点和目的，所以谓语用一般现在时，动词 design 和主语 It 是被动关系，谓语用被动语态结构，系动词用 is。
故填 is designed。
【答案】is designed
变式训练（江苏省南通市如皋市 2023-2024 学年度高三调研试题）Wearing traditional Li costumes, and fishing in
streams________ (be) among visitors’ favorite activities. Danzhou has also attracted visitors by organizing sports events.
【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：穿着传统的黎族服装，在溪流中钓鱼是游客们最喜欢的活动。陈述客观事实用一
般现在时，且主语为 Wearing traditional Li costumes, and fishing in streams，谓语用复数。故填 are。
【答案】are
二 当动词作非谓语时
典例 1.（广东省深圳市 2024 年高三试题）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925,
allowing tourists at home and abroad (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于 1925 年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。
根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语 allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做某事，符合句
意，故应用动词不定式 to visit。故填 to visit。
【答案】to visit
典例 2.（辽宁省六校 2023-2024 学年高三联考试卷）Shyness is a force which prevents us from realizing our potential and
(enjoy) the company of other people.
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：害羞是一种阻碍我们发挥潜能和享受与他人相处的力。分析句子结构可知，介词 from 后接
动名词形式作宾语。此空与 realizing 并列。故填 enjoying。
【答案】enjoying
变式训练 1.（福建省漳州市 2024 年高三质量检测）In the long history of Chinese civilization, we may feel that the unique
Chinese characteristics are all around us and all within us, ____ (reflect)in Kungfu to a large extent.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在漫长的中华文明史中，我们可能会感觉到，独特的中国特色围绕着我们，无处不在，
很大程度上体现在功夫上。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，unique Chinese characteristics 与 reflect 构成逻辑上的被动关
系，空处用过去分词。故填 reflected。
【答案】reflected
变式训练 2.（2024 年广东省四校高三联考试题）So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great
progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River _______(boost）the high-quality development of the region.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重
大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。分析句子结构可知 boost 在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填 to boost。
【答案】to boost
三 当动词需改变词性时
当所给动词既不是谓语动词又不是非谓语动词时，考虑进行词性转换。高考中常考查动词变为名词，偶有变形容词或副
词的情况。做题时只需根据其所作句子成分来确定其词性便可做出正确的转换。
1.名词后缀 示例
instruct→instructor 指导者，教师 design→designer 设计师
－er/
gather→gatherer 收集者，采集者 teach→teacher 老师
－or
announce→announcer 广播员 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员
punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 成就
argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
－ment
equip →equipment 装备；设备 govern→government 政府
astonish→astonishment 惊奇
－y recover→recovery 恢复 discover→discovery 发现
appear→appearance 出现；外貌 guide→guidance 指引；指导
－ance/
perform→performance 表演；表现 exist→existence 存在；生存
－ence
prefer→preference 偏爱 refer→reference 参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure 失败；倒闭 press→pressure 压力
－ture depart→departure 离开；出发 mix→mixture 混合(物)
hear→hearing 听力，听觉 begin→beginning 开始
－ing
build→building 建筑 warn→warning 警告
－ion/ correct→correction 改正 celebrate→celebration 庆祝
－tion/ conclude→conclusion 结论；结束 discuss→discussion 讨论；论述
－sion/ decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 承认；准许加入
permit→permission 允许，许可 invite→invitation 邀请
explain→explanation 解释 expect→expectation 期望
2.形容词后缀 示例
accept vt.接受→acceptable adj.可接受的
enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的
－able
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的
adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
confuse vt.使困惑→confused adj.感到困惑的
－ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的
annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
convince vt.说服，使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的
－ing thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
relax vt.→ relaxing adj.令人放松的
forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的
－ful play vt.玩耍→playful adj.有趣的
succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
compete v. 竞争→competitive adj. 有竞争力的
－ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的
create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的
－ant resist v. 阻止→resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的
ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的
典例（2021 新高考 II 卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to
paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天 1200 个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子
主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填 representative。
【答案】representative。
考点三 名词
解题策略：1. 所给词为名词时，常考查单复数的变化；
2. 有时也考查名词的所有格，此时它应做定语，译作“……的”。
3. 考虑名词与其他词类的转换
近三年高考名词考查细目
卷别 词类转换 单数变复数 名词所有格
2024 新高考 I 卷 engineering, richness favourites
2024 新高考 II 卷 visibility themes
2024 全国甲卷 completion treasures
2023 新高考 II 卷 arrival interviews
2023 全国甲卷 warning
2023 全国乙卷 wonders
2022 新高考 I 卷 populations
2022 新高考 II 卷 son's
2022 全国甲卷 protection
2022 全国乙卷 responsibility
形容词名词变后缀 示例
--y fog→foggy 有雾的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced 平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant 有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en strength→strengthen 加强 length→lengthen 延长
典例 1（. 2024 新课标 I 卷）The latest 56 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57functional structure
that is also beautiful.
【解析】考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语
engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填 engineering。
【答案】engineering。
典例 2.（2023 全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s
theme is a more weighty 69 (warn) about environmental destruction.
【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词 weighty 后接名词形式。根据句中不定
冠词 a 可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填 warning。
【答案】warning。
典例 3.（2023 新高考 I 卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。Favorite 是可数名词，意为“特
别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后 such as rosemary, lavender and fennel 可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。
【答案】favorites。
变式训练（河北省衡水市第二中学 2023-2024 学年高三检测试题）“They showed me what it’s like to be____ (passion)
about something,” he said.
【解析】考查形容词。句意：“他们向我展示了对某件事充满热情的感觉，”他说。be passionate about sth.为固定短语，表
示“对某物有热情”，所以空处应用形容词 passionate，与 be 动词构成系表结构。故填 passionate。
【答案】passionate
考点四 形容词、副词
解题策略：当所给提示词虽为形容词或副词且不是考查比较等级时，则应考虑形容词或副词的词性转换，一般常考查形
容词变为副词或名词。做题时，除了根据句意进行判断外，主要应从其所作成分去思考。
一 形容词变副词的变化规则
规则 示例 例外
形容词直接加-ly 变为副词 successful—successfully extreme—extremely actual-actually full-fully
以-y 结尾词变 y 为 i 再加-ly easy—easily necessary---necessarily heavy—heavily shy—shyly
以-le, -ble 结尾词去 e 加 y gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably true-truly whole-wholly
以-ic 结尾词加-ally specific—specifically scientific—scientifically basic-basically public--publicly
以-ing 结尾词直接加-ly interesting—interestingly increasing—increasingly
以-ed 结尾词直接加-ly repeat-repeatedly hurried-hurriedly excited-excitedly
二 比较等级的变化规则
当提示词为形容词或副词时，常考查比较等级(即比较级和最高级)。此时一般可根据所给提示词前后的 than, by, the, even
等比较等级中常出现的特殊词汇并结合语意去进行判断。
1. 几种常见的比较级考查点:
(1) 句中含有“than...”结构用比较级。
(2) 句中虽然没有“than...”结构,但暗含比较的意味,也用比较级。
(3) 表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。
(4) 常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有 much,far,still,even,rather,a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数
等。
2. 平级比较的两个基本句式:
(1) as+形容词(副词)原级+as..“和……一样”。 not as/so+形容词(副词)原级+as...“不如……”。
(2) as+形容词原级 a(n)+n.as..“和……一样”。
3. 否定词 no，not，never 等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义
4. 最高级的一个基本结构:
句中常有比较的范围，如 of all, in all，表达在某个范围内“最……”,使用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构。
典例 1.（2024 全国甲卷）They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete ) of their journey.
Their promotional work paid off.
【解析】考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，
complete 名词形式为 completion，不可数，故填 completion。
【答案】completion。
名师提醒：对于设空处给出形容词的填空，不可思维固定化的变为副词，应当瞻前顾后，根据句子结构判断所需词性。
典例 2.（江苏省苏州中学校 2024 年高三试题）The Renminbi pictures have helped make these classic Chinese landscapes even
(popular) among tourists.
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这些人民币图片使这些中国经典风景在游客中更加受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可
知，空格前面有 even 修饰，所以要用形容词的比较级形式，作补语。故填 more popular。
【答案】more popular
考点五 数词
解题策略：根据句子结构和逻辑意思及基数词变序数词的规律解题。变化规律详见本专辑专题第 04 讲。
典例 1.（2023 全国甲卷）Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to
the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【解析】考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前 6 世纪。
century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填 sixth。
【答案】sixth
典例 2（. 2021 新高考 II 卷）I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey
Bay Aquarium in California.
【解析】考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所
以填 seventh。
【答案】seventh
考点六 代词
解题策略：1.所给词为代词时，常考查人称代词变为物主代词，此时其后一般会有一个名词，所给代词就是用来修饰这个
名词的，译作“……的”。
2.所给词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。这两种情况一般可依据所作成分或句意进行判断。
典例 1. (2024 浙江 1 月卷）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a
whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【解析】考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优
惠。代词 one 意为“一个人”，在 some of 后应用复数形式。故填 ones。
【答案】ones。
典例 2.（2024 九省联考卷）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and
they can feel proud of (they).
【解析】考查代词。句意：然而，他认为，用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力，写得更快，他们可以为自己感到自豪。
根据空格前的介词 of 可知，空格处应填代词作宾语，根据句意“他们自己”应用 themselves。故填 themselves。
【答案】themselves。
典例 3.（2021 新课标 I 卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the
visitor’s memory. It sure does in __________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to
【解析】考查代词。上文提到“in the visitor’s memory”，此处相当于“in my memory”，所以用 mine 代替 my memory。
【答案】mine。
变式训练（湖南省永州一中 2024 学年高三试题）Growing up in a different environment from (they) elders, they
have witnessed China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse and formed a brand-new consumption concept.
【解析】考查代词。句意：他们成长在与长辈不同的环境中，见证了中国作为全球经济强国的崛起，形成了全新的消费
观念。结合语意，他们成长的环境与他们长辈的不同，空处应用形容词性物主代词 their，表示“他们的”。故填 their。
【答案】their
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 浙江 1 月卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying
extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home
57 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 58 will make them the most money. If most of
their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 59 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers
out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 6 (criticize) that they
lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it
would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want
to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets
62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then,
when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just
for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】56. to benefit 57. or 58. that##which 59. what 60. criticism 61. be offered 62. have started 63. designed 64. the 65. ones
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
56. 考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from
price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用 to do 不定式作目的状语。故填 to benefit。
57. 考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……
要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词 or。故填 or。
58. 考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先
行词为 way，所以应用关系代词 that 或 which。故填 that/which。
59. 考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指
事物，所以应用连接代词 what。故填 what。
60. 考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead
to waste”可知，此处应用名词 criticism 表示“批评”作宾语。故填 criticism。
61. 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那
就更好了。动词 offer 意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语 they 代指前文中的 sausages。在情态动词 could 后动词应
用原形。故填 be offered。
62. 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over
the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词 start 意为“开始”。故填 have started。
63. 考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词 design
意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语 packs 构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。
故填 designed。
64. 考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other 意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此
处应用定冠词 the。故填 the。
65. 考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代
词 one 意为“一个人”，在 some of 后应用复数形式。故填 ones。
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an
international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common
___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the
things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony
Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a
six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk
from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors
walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese
actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to
hear the Chinese language ____65____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】56. who 57. themes 58. were 59. to 60. inspired 61. was built 62. visibility 65. to find 66. Recalling 65. and
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展
示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度
的重要性。
56. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯
特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，
表示人，用关系代词 who 引导。故填 who。
57. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管 Paul Edmondson 说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作
品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填
themes。
58. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》
在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去
时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填 were。
59. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些
方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填 to。
60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，
其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，
用过去分词形式。故填 inspired。
61. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，
其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a
six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was built。
62. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson 说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园
时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词 international 后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。
故填 visibility。
63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson 说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故
居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。
故填 to find。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表
演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson 说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人
心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，
首字母大写。故填 Recalling。
65. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡
丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson 说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear
the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用 and 连接。故填 and。
3.（2023 全国甲卷）
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of
the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C. Yet, the
form of the fable still has values today, 63 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻 ) are seemingly directed at children.
“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her
fable begins, 65 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious
message 66 (intend) for everyone.
67 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the
environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty
69 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the
ages can still 70 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】61. to teach 62. sixth 63. as 66. where 65. borrowing 66. intended 67. Different 68. for 69. warning 50. be employed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和
智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填 to teach。
62.考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前 6 世纪。century“世纪”
前面要用序数词形式。故填 sixth。
63.考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定
性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词 as 引导。故填 as。
64.考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的
生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为 town，在非限定性定语从句作地
点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平
的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。
逻辑主语 her fable 与 borrow 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填 borrowing。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for 打算为……所用，
在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填 intended。
67.考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from 与……不同，所以用
形容词作状语。故填 Different。
68.考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for 对……
负责。故填 for。
69.考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词 weighty 后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词 a
可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填 warning。
70.考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。
从句主语 a simple lyric form 与 employ 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词 can 后接动词原形。故填 be
employed。
4.（2023 全国乙卷）
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal
palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 62
(build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 63 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with
21st-century architectural 64 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two very different worlds make a good
combination. 66 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 67 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and
how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two
years 68 (record) everything I discovered.
The 69 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the
modern world, 70 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the
next 50 years.
【答案】61. to 62. built 63. which##that 64. wonders 65. but 66. Having visited 67. was amazed 68. recording 69. remarkable
70. means
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何
在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的
风貌。
61.考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有 3000 多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来
看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保
持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词 to。故填 to。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是 3000 多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它
的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修
饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填 built。
63.考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去
的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词 which 或 that
引导。故填 which/that。
64.考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历
史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数
形式。故填 wonders。
65.考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差)
that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用 but。
故填 but。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断
发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over
the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填 Having
visited。
67.考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的 10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断
发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗
产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语 I 和动词 amaze 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填 was
amazed。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某
事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填 recording。
69.考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东
西可以发现，我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this
city”。故填 remarkable。
70.考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待
发现，我可以在接下来的 50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语
为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填 means。
二、 命题演练
Passage 1（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianshui in Northwest China’s Gansu Province is sweeping social media with one of its unique dishes. This city is stepping
into the spotlight now that its local street dish malatang has become increasingly 1 (influence) on social media.
According to the China News Agency, one restaurant owner in Tianshui 2 (note), “we have been serving at least
400 customers a day, as people from other provinces drive to the city to get 3 taste of the local cuisine.” “There has
been a long queue outside my restaurant even on weekdays,” said the shop owner. The growing 4 (popular) of this kind
of street food can also be reflected in its main ingredient, the Gangu chili pepper, or lamb’s horn pepper, grown in Gangu county,
a place well-known 5 the “Hometown of Chili Peppers” in China.
The sales of products such as the broth for Tianshui malatang and Gangu chili peppers have been surging recently. In some
places, the sales of Gangu chili peppers 6 (increase) tenfold in the past two weeks. Young customers born in the 1990s
have become the leading force for its consumption, 7 (account) for 40 percent of chili pepper product sales. At the
same time, related hashtags such as “going for malatang in Gansu by high-speed train” have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo,
8 on the short video platform Douyin, the topic Tianshui has been viewed more than 12 billion times.
The successful tourism experience 9 (earn) by the cities of Zibo and Harbin has paved the way for Tianshui,
10 the culinary dish is becoming a main force for the city to stand out.
【答案】
1．influential 2．noted 3．a 4．popularity 5．as 6．have increased 7．accounting 8．and/while
9．earned 10．where
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了天水麻辣烫的爆火。
1．考查形容词。句意：由于当地街头小吃麻辣烫在社交媒体上的影响力越来越大，这座城市正成为人们关注的焦点。become
用作连系动词，空处应填形容词作表语，故填 influential。
2．考查一般过去时。句意：据中新社报道，天水的一位餐馆老板指出：“我们每天至少接待 400 名顾客，因为外省的人
开车来天水品尝当地美食。”句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填 noted。
3．考查冠词。句意同上。get a taste of“品尝”，固定短语，故填 a。
4．考查名词。句意：这种街头小吃越来越受欢迎，也可以从它的主要原料——甘谷辣椒上反映出来，这种辣椒生长在中
国著名的“辣椒之乡”——甘谷县。空处应填名词作主语，popularity 为不可数名词，故填 popularity。
5．考查介词。句意同上。(be) well-known as“作为……而闻名”，固定短语，故填 as。
6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一些地方，甘谷辣椒的销量在过去两周内增长了 10 倍。根据时间状语“in the past two
weeks”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语 sales 表示复数意义，故填 have increased。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：90 后年轻顾客已成为其消费的主力军，占辣椒产品销售额的 40%。句子已有谓语，设空处为
非谓语，account for 和逻辑主语 Young customers 之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填 accounting。
8．考查连词。句意：与此同时，“坐高铁去甘肃吃麻辣烫”等相关话题在新浪微博上成为热门话题，（而）在短视频平台
抖音上，天水话题的浏览量已经超过 120 亿次。设空处前后为完整的句子，结合句意可知，前后表示并列关系，可用连
词 and 连接，也可理解为表示对比，用连词 while 连接。故填 and/while。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：淄博和哈尔滨成功的旅游经验为天水铺平了道路，天水的美食正成为该市脱颖而出的主要力
量。句子已有谓语，设空处为非谓语，earn 和 tourism experience 之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填
earned。
10．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Tianshui，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系
副词 where 引导，故填 where。
Passage 2（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Distracted driving is an ongoing problem. A new poll by State Farm, 11 insurance company, proves once again
that the roads are full of fools. One in five of the 912 drivers 12 (survey) last November admitted accessing the Internet
on their smartphones while driving. Over the past several months, the company 13 (conduct) a deeper study. 14
(teenager) and young adults are more addicted to their phones, and they’re also less experienced drivers, a reason for danger on
the roads with a likely 15 (high) percentage of smartphone use while driving.
Despite 16 (acknowledge) the dangers, none of the guilty drivers seems to be ashamed of 17 (them).
“I’m not saying it’s the smartest thing in the world,” says Sean Black, a 38-year-old Illinois resident, “but I guess I just do it
anyway.”Maybe, to a certain degree, this behavior will never change 18 a near-accident or actual crash doesn’t take
place. Even then, the change will only happen 19 the basis of each individual case, and it puts the lives and well-being
of innocents at the mercy of those 20 are too lazy to change their habits.
【答案】
11．an 12．surveyed 13．has conducted 14．Teenagers 15．higher 16．acknowledging 17．themselves
18．if 19．on 20．who
【导语】本文为说明文。文章通过引用保险公司 State Farm 的民调数据来说明分心驾驶，特别是开车时使用智能手机的问
题，并分析了这一行为的主要群体特征及其潜在危害。
11．考查冠词。句意：州立农场保险公司，一家保险公司，进行的新民调再次证明，路上到处都是傻瓜。insurance company
为可数名词单数形式，此处表示泛指“一家保险公司”，且 insurance 发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词 an。故填 an。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：在去年 11 月接受调查的 912 名司机中，有五分之一的人承认在开车时访问智能手机上的互
联网。本句谓语为 admitted，此处为非谓语动词，survey“调查”与 drivers 之间为动宾关系，且表示动作已完成，因此用过
去分词，作后置定语。故填 surveyed。
13．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在过去几个月里，该公司进行了更深入的研究。conduct“实施”。根据时间状语 Over the
past several months 可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语 the company 为第三人称单数，助动词用 has。故填 has conducted。
14．考查名词的数。句意：青少年和年轻人更沉迷于他们的手机，而且他们也是经验较少的司机，这是道路上存在危险
的一个原因，可能有更高的比例在开车时使用智能手机。teenager“青少年”为可数名词，青少年不止一个，应用名词复数
形式，与 young adults 并列，作主语。故填 Teenagers。
15．考查形容词比较级。句意：青少年和年轻人更沉迷于他们的手机，而且他们也是经验较少的司机，这是道路上存在
危险的一个原因，可能有更高的比例在开车时使用智能手机。根据上文 less experienced drivers 可知，此处暗含比较，应
用比较级形式 higher“更高的”，作定语，修饰名词 percentage。故填 higher。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管承认了危险，但似乎没有一个有罪的司机为自己感到羞耻。despite 为介词，后接
acknowledge“承认”的动名词 acknowledging，作 Despite 的宾语。故填 acknowledging。
17．考查代词。句意：尽管承认了危险，但似乎没有一个有罪的司机为自己感到羞耻。司机们没有为“他们自己的行为”
感到羞耻，此处用反身代词 themselves“他们自己”，来指代上下文中提及到的 the guilty drivers“内疚的司机”他们自己，作
of 的宾语。故填 themselves。
18．考查条件状语从句。句意：也许，在某种程度上，如果没有发生近乎事故或实际的撞车事故，这种行为永远不会改
变。空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，应用 if 引导。故填 if。
19．考查介词。句意：即便如此，这种改变也只会发生在每个个案的基础上，它将无辜者的生命和福祉置于那些懒得改
变习惯的人的摆布之下。on the basis of 为固定短语，意为“基于……”。故填 on。
20．考查定语从句。句意：即便如此，这种改变也只会发生在每个个案的基础上，它将无辜者的生命和福祉置于那些懒
得改变习惯的人的摆布之下。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 those，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系
代词 who 引导。故填 who。
Passage 3（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Walking along the Great Wall is a once-in-a-lifetime dream for many, but Jim Spear has taken it one step 21
(far), spending the last 18 years living in a village beneath the ancient wonder.
22 68-year-old, a self-taught architect from the US, made the most important decision of his life to move to
China in 1986, a year before the Great Wall 23 (list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Today, Spear calls Mutianyu
village home. In this quiet place, 24 (locate) at the foot of the Mutianyu section of the Great Wall, he lives with his dog
in a home with a courtyard garden he tended 25 (he).
As an architect, not only did Spear renovate (翻新) his own dream house, 26 comes with multiple views of the
Great Wall, but he also explored ways to boost the local business and support rural residents. Over the years, the architect 27
(help) renovate around 20 households in Mutianyu, most of which now operate 28 hotels or restaurants, while 29
(do) his best to preserve the original structures as much as possible.
In 30 (recognize) of his contributions, Spear was given the Great Wall Friendship Award in 2014.
【答案】
21．further 22．The 23．was listed 24．located 25．himself 26．which 27．has helped 28．as
29．doing 30．recognition
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了建筑师 Jim Spear 帮助改造了慕田峪的大约 20 户人家，为了表彰他的贡献，2014
年，斯皮尔被授予“长城友谊奖”。
21．考查比较级。句意：对许多人来说，沿着长城行走是一生一次的梦想，但吉姆·斯皮尔更进一步，在过去的 18 年里，
他住在这个古老奇迹下面的一个村庄里。此处表示“更进一步”应用比较级 further。故填 further。
22．考查定冠词。句意：这位 68 岁的美国建筑师自学成才，1986 年，也就是长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的前
一年，他做出了人生中最重要的决定——移居中国。这里特指上文中的 Jim Spear，因此使用定冠词。故填 The。
23．考查时态语态。句意：这位 68 岁的美国建筑师自学成才，1986 年，也就是长城被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产的
前一年，他做出了人生中最重要的决定——移居中国。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合 in 1986 可知为一般过去时的被动
语态，主语为 the Great Wall，谓语用单数，故填 was listed。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：在这个位于慕田峪长城脚下的安静的地方，他和他的狗住在一个他自己打理的院子里。分
析句子结构可知，locate 与 place 构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填 located。
25．考查反身代词。句意：在这个位于慕田峪长城脚下的安静的地方，他和他的狗住在一个他自己打理的院子里。此处
意为 Jim Spear 本人亲自打理庭院，因此使用反身代词 himself。故填 himself。
26．考查定语从句。句意：作为一名建筑师，斯皮尔不仅翻新了自己的梦想之家，从那里可以看到长城的多个景观，而
且他还探索了促进当地商业和支持农村居民的方法。此处为非限制性定语从句缺少主语，先行词为 house，指物，故用关
系代词 which。故填 which。
27．考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约 20 户人家，其中大多数现在
都是酒店或餐馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。根据 over the years 可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语为 the
architect，助动词用 has。故填 has helped。
28．考查介词。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约 20 户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐馆，同时
尽可能地保留了原有的结构。短语 operate as 意为“充当、用作”。故填 as。
29．考查的非谓语动词。句意：多年来，这位建筑师帮助改造了慕田峪的大约 20 户人家，其中大多数现在都是酒店或餐
馆，同时尽可能地保留了原有的结构。此处 do 和 the architect 构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填
doing。
30．考查的名词。句意：为了表彰他的贡献，2014 年，斯皮尔被授予“长城友谊奖”。介词 In 之后用 recognition 作介词宾
语，构成短语 in recognition of。故填 recognition。
