第 17 讲 动词的语态
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
基础详单
知识点 1 语态概述 4
知识点 2 被动语态的构成 4
知识点 3 被动语态的用法 4
考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点 1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义 5
知识点 2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 5
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点 1 系表结构与被动语态的区别 6
知识点 2 be+过去分词与 get+过去分词的区别 7
知识点 3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点 7
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点 1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词 9
知识点 2 被动语态表主动的高频短语 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 10
年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考 I 卷 walks
新高考 II 卷 were
2024
全国甲卷 were
浙江卷 1 月 have started
北京卷 gives was named; jogged
新高考 II 卷 wished
全国甲卷 become 改为 becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷 1 月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考 I 卷 is designed were
新高考 II 卷 were fixing; threw
has walked was-were; 全国甲卷
2022 become-became
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉 have 后的 been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
is viewed/has been viewed
浙江卷 1 月
are；have promised
新高考 I 卷 was
新高考 II 卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are 改为 is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去 are
北京卷 connects
全国 I 卷 means; is constructed touched
全国 II 卷 carries start 改为 started
2020
全国 III 卷 had 改成 have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国 I 卷 has reported；are
全国 II 卷 have made declared
2019
全国 III required requires recommended；卷 改为 were invited
北京卷 voiced
考情 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
分析
近年对语态的考查命题较稳，对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，注重在
复杂语境中考查句子的语态，且长句有增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
1. 系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。
2. 熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。
3. 强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。
时态 主动 被动 标志词
一般现在时 do/does; am/is/are am/is/are done usually, often, always,
frequently, rarely,
occasionally;
一般过去时 did; was/were was/were done yesterday, last week, the other
day, then, previous 等
一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done in the future, in 5 days
would/should do would/should be done
过去将来时 was/were going to do was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to do was/were(about)to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done now, at this time, look, listen
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at this time yesterday
将来进行时 will/shall be doing
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done so far, since, up to now, in the
past days
过去完成时 had done had been done by the end of last month
将来完成时 will have done will have been done
【基础详单】
知识点 1 语态概述
语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行
者可以由介词 by 引导的短语表示。be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态）
The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态）
知识点 2 被动语态的构成
形式
一般式 进行式 完成式
时间
现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
知识点 3 被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；
2. 强调动作的承受者时。
3 动作的执行者是无生命的事物而不是人。
4.为了使句子保持平衡。
5.用于文章的标题、新闻报道或广告、文献中。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.（新闻报道）
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
Eight-year-old boy was kidnapped! 8 岁男孩遭绑架？（新闻报道）
The lecture will be made by Mr James, who is a young artist from London.（保持句子平衡）
詹姆斯先生讲作这次报告，他是一位来自伦敦的年轻艺术家。
考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点 1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound 以及 remain, keep, become 等；
【2020·北京卷·阅读理解】If AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of
human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression.
尽管最终证实，人工智能意味着人类的没落，我们也不太可能受到这些人形的机器控制，他们带有鲜明
的人类动机，比如敌对性。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。
2. 当 cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw 等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”
或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c 此时，这些词常用 easily, quickly, well
等副词修饰。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。
The door won't lock.这门无法关上。
名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与 can’t, won’t 等连用。
3. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out
等。
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于 1937 年。
The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。
知识点 2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. want, require, need,be worth doing 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
【天津卷知识运用】A dog’s eating habit requires training before it is properly established.
在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要进行定期的训练。
The place is worth visiting.
=The place is worthy to be visited.这个地方值得游览。
2. 在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The room is comfortable to live in.这个房间住起来很舒适。
3. be to blame（受谴责）, be to rent（待出租）结构中用主动形式表被动意义。
The truck driver was to blame. 卡车司机应受谴责。
If anyone is to blame, it’s me. 如果有人该承担责任，那就是我。
4. 在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时。
I have some clothes to wash. （动作由我发出，我来洗）
Sir, do you have any clothes to be washed (衣服不是由主语 you 来洗)
名师提醒：在 too...to 结构和 enough to 结构中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Now mobile phones are cheap enough to buy. 现在买手机很便宜。
The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重，搬不动。
典例 1.（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题）“Walking has taught me that everything and everyone
has a story (share); we just have to be willing to listen,” she said.
典例 2.（浙江省名校协作体 2023-2024 学年高三适应性试题）Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be
easy__________(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it
may even become the winning choice
变式训练 1.（湖南天壹名校联盟 2023-2024 学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience)
calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
变式训练 2.Vegetables and fruits online (sell) well last week because of the outbreak of the COVID-19
virus in Changchun.
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点 1 系表结构与被动语态的区别
1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)
这本书在某一家书店出售。
The book is well sold. (系表结构)
这本书卖得好。
2. 被动语态常由 greatly, much 等词修饰；系表结构常由 very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most 等词修饰。
I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构）
我被她的善良深深地打动了。
He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构)
他对你的论文非常满意。
3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与 be 动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，如,become,
get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear 等。
These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态）
这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。
She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构）
她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。
知识点 2 be+过去分词与 get+过去分词的区别
“be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。
“get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。
The tree is broken. 树断了。
The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。
“be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。
“get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词 do 的适当形式。
The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state.
这座古老的桥是 1866 年建造的，现在还完好。
How did the painting get damaged
这幅画怎么被破坏的？
Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food.
许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。
知识点 3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了 to，变成被动语态时，需加上 to。
The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。
3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。
4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原
形变为“be＋过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
5. 当句子的谓语为 say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。
b．用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
典例 1. He demands that the books (return) to the school library at once.
典例 2. It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
变式训练 1（. 湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was
finally about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
变式训练 2. The authorities commanded that the survivors of the mine accident （send）to the nearest
hospital.
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点 1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词
1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
2. 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost 等。
3. 表示归属的动词，如 have，own，belong to 等。
4. 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。
5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
6.宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
知识点 2 被动语态表主动的高频短语
be addicted to 沉溺于； be drunk 喝醉；
be seated 坐着； be dressed 穿着；
be hidden 躲藏； be devoted to 致力于；
be lost 迷路；
What some teenagers don’t realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
一些青少年没有意识到一旦他们染上毒瘾，生活会变得多么困难。
【2021 年全国乙卷听力】Excuse me, I got lost. I took a bus to city hall, but I can’t find the place.
你好，我迷路了。我乘公共汽车去市政厅，但我找不到地方。
典例 1.Yan’an, a city, which (locate) in Northern Shaanxi Province, has seen great progress in its
tourism industry over the past few years.
典例 2.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
变式训练 1.Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities.
变式训练 2.Bob wants to buy that kind of ball pen because he has been told it (write) smoothly.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年浙江 1 月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
2（. 2023 年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still
________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3.（2024 年北京卷）On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ______ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
4.（2024 新课标 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
5.（2021 年浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect
order.
6.（2024 年全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
7.（2020 年新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
8（. 2022 年浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
9.（2020 年全国 III 卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
二、 命题演练
1. （2024 届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题） In my case this is what happened—my parents turned in to me
and my needs and the shyness all but (disappear) completely over time.
2.（湖南省百所学校 2023-2024 学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk __ (make) its
fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and
gained a great fortune.
3.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） It (compile) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after
the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers to their questions.
4.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县 2023-2024 年高三试题） Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like
frequently by plane （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was finally
about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
6.（湖南省雅礼中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns, and
their hair (style) in fashion.
7.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs (do)to achieve the final success.
8.He bought a pair of trousers last week, but the trousers (wear) out by now.
9.Leather shoes need (polish) with good quality wax.
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad more comfortable
(hold).第 17 讲 动词的语态
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 4
基础详单
知识点 1 语态概述 4
知识点 2 被动语态的构成 4
知识点 3 被动语态的用法 4
考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点 1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义 5
知识点 2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 5
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点 1 系表结构与被动语态的区别 7
知识点 2 be+过去分词与 get+过去分词的区别 7
知识点 3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点 8
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点 1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词 10
知识点 2 被动语态表主动的高频短语 10
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 11
2.命题演练 13
年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考 I 卷 walks
新高考 II 卷 were
2024
全国甲卷 were
浙江卷 1 月 have started
北京卷 gives was named; jogged
新高考 II 卷 wished
全国甲卷 become 改为 becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷 1 月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考 I 卷 is designed were
新高考 II 卷 were fixing; threw
has walked was-were; 全国甲卷
2022 become-became
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉 have 后的 been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
is viewed/has been viewed
浙江卷 1 月
are；have promised
新高考 I 卷 was
新高考 II 卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are 改为 is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去 are
北京卷 connects
全国 I 卷 means; is constructed touched
全国 II 卷 carries start 改为 started
2020
全国 III 卷 had 改成 have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国 I 卷 has reported；are
全国 II 卷 have made declared
2019
全国 III required requires recommended；卷 改为 were invited
北京卷 voiced
考情 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
分析
近年对语态的考查命题较稳，对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，注重在
复杂语境中考查句子的语态，且长句有增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
1. 系统复习并掌握语态的基本知识。
2. 熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。
3. 强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。
时态 主动 被动 标志词
一般现在时 do/does; am/is/are am/is/are done usually, often, always,
frequently, rarely,
occasionally;
一般过去时 did; was/were was/were done yesterday, last week, the other
day, then, previous 等
一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done in the future, in 5 days
would/should do would/should be done
过去将来时 was/were going to do was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to do was/were(about)to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done now, at this time, look, listen
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at this time yesterday
将来进行时 will/shall be doing
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done so far, since, up to now, in the
past days
过去完成时 had done had been done by the end of last month
将来完成时 will have done will have been done
【基础详单】
知识点 1 语态概述
语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行
者可以由介词 by 引导的短语表示。be 动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态）
The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态）
知识点 2 被动语态的构成
形式
一般式 进行式 完成式
时间
现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
知识点 3 被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；
2. 强调动作的承受者时。
3 动作的执行者是无生命的事物而不是人。
4.为了使句子保持平衡。
5.用于文章的标题、新闻报道或广告、文献中。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.（新闻报道）
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
Eight-year-old boy was kidnapped! 8 岁男孩遭绑架？（新闻报道）
The lecture will be made by Mr James, who is a young artist from London.（保持句子平衡）
詹姆斯先生讲作这次报告，他是一位来自伦敦的年轻艺术家。
考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点 1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound 以及 remain, keep, become 等；
【2020·北京卷·阅读理解】If AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of
human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression.
尽管最终证实，人工智能意味着人类的没落，我们也不太可能受到这些人形的机器控制，他们带有鲜明
的人类动机，比如敌对性。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。
2. 当 cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw 等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品质”
或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c 此时，这些词常用 easily, quickly, well
等副词修饰。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。
The door won't lock.这门无法关上。
名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与 can’t, won’t 等连用。
3. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work out
等。
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于 1937 年。
The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。
知识点 2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. want, require, need,be worth doing 后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
【天津卷知识运用】A dog’s eating habit requires training before it is properly established.
在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要进行定期的训练。
The place is worth visiting.
=The place is worthy to be visited.这个地方值得游览。
2. 在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The room is comfortable to live in.这个房间住起来很舒适。
3. be to blame（受谴责）, be to rent（待出租）结构中用主动形式表被动意义。
The truck driver was to blame. 卡车司机应受谴责。
If anyone is to blame, it’s me. 如果有人该承担责任，那就是我。
4. 在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时。
I have some clothes to wash. （动作由我发出，我来洗）
Sir, do you have any clothes to be washed (衣服不是由主语 you 来洗)
名师提醒：在 too...to 结构和 enough to 结构中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Now mobile phones are cheap enough to buy. 现在买手机很便宜。
The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重，搬不动。
典例 1.（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题）“Walking has taught me that everything and everyone
has a story (share); we just have to be willing to listen,” she said.
【解析】考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意：散步教会了我，每件事、每一个人都有故事可以分享。此处
是动词不定式作后置定语。故填 to share。
【答案】to share
典例 2.（浙江省名校协作体 2023-2024 学年高三适应性试题）Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be
easy__________(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it
may even become the winning choice
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的，它甚
至可能成为你的最佳选择——但一定要仔细评估每一所录取你的学校，因为你申请每一所学校都有特定的
理由。此处为“it be adj. to do sth.”句型，it 作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。横线上是动词不定式为真正的
主语。故填 to let。
【答案】to let
变式训练 1.（湖南天壹名校联盟 2023-2024 学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience)
calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
【解析】考查不定式。句意：尽管没有去过中国，但他对书法感到兴奋，并对中国文化表示钦佩。be excited
to do 是固定短语，意为“兴奋地做某事”，因此空格处是不定式 to experience。故填 to experience。
【答案】to experience
变式训练 2.Vegetables and fruits online (sell) well last week because of the outbreak of the COVID-19
virus in Changchun.
【解析】考查时态。句意：受新型冠状病毒感染症在长春爆发的影响，上周网上果蔬销售火爆。sell 用于说
明主语的性质特点，用主动表被动，根据后文 last week 可知为一般过去时。故填 sold。
【答案】sold
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点 1 系表结构与被动语态的区别
1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)
这本书在某一家书店出售。
The book is well sold. (系表结构)
这本书卖得好。
2. 被动语态常由 greatly, much 等词修饰；系表结构常由 very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most 等词修饰。
I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构）
我被她的善良深深地打动了。
He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构)
他对你的论文非常满意。
3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与 be 动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，如,become,
get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear 等。
These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态）
这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。
She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构）
她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。
知识点 2 be+过去分词与 get+过去分词的区别
“be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。
“get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。
The tree is broken. 树断了。
The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。
“be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。
“get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词 do 的适当形式。
The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state.
这座古老的桥是 1866 年建造的，现在还完好。
How did the painting get damaged
这幅画怎么被破坏的？
Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food.
许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。
知识点 3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了 to，变成被动语态时，需加上 to。
The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。
3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。
4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to 等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原
形变为“be＋过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
5. 当句子的谓语为 say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形式：
a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。
b．用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
典例 1. He demands that the books (return) to the school library at once.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他要求立刻将这些书还到图书馆。此处 that 引导宾语从句，根据 demands“命
令”可知，从句中应用虚拟语气(should)+do，且主语 books 与谓语动词 return 之间为被动关系，应用被动语
态。故填 should be returned 或 be returned。
【答案】should be returned/be returned
典例 2. It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：人们经常建议给孩子们提供接近大自然的机会。recommend 意
为“建议”，句中 it 是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should 可
省略，孩子是被给予机会，因此空格处是(should) be offered，故填 be offered。
【答案】be offered
变式训练 1（. 湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was
finally about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：大半天过去了，夸父终于要在禺谷赶上太阳了，而禺谷正是
太阳落山的地方！根据上文 Kua Fu was 可知为一般过去时，且 suppose 与 sun 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，
为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填 was supposed。
【答案】was supposed
变式训练 2. The authorities commanded that the survivors of the mine accident （send）to the nearest
hospital.
【答案】be sent
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：根据官方的命令，矿难幸存者要被送往最近的医院。当主句谓
语动词为坚持（insist）、命令（order，command）、建议（advise，suggest，recommend）、要求
（demand，require，request，ask）等词时，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词
原形”，其中 should 可以省略，使用动词原形。survivors 与 send 之间是被动关系（幸存者被送往），使用被
动语态，综上，故填 be sent。
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点 1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词
1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
2. 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost 等。
3. 表示归属的动词，如 have，own，belong to 等。
4. 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate 等。
5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
6.宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
知识点 2 被动语态表主动的高频短语
be addicted to 沉溺于； be drunk 喝醉；
be seated 坐着； be dressed 穿着；
be hidden 躲藏； be devoted to 致力于；
be lost 迷路；
What some teenagers don’t realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
一些青少年没有意识到一旦他们染上毒瘾，生活会变得多么困难。
【2021 年全国乙卷听力】Excuse me, I got lost. I took a bus to city hall, but I can’t find the place.
你好，我迷路了。我乘公共汽车去市政厅，但我找不到地方。
典例 1.Yan’an, a city, which (locate) in Northern Shaanxi Province, has seen great progress in its
tourism industry over the past few years.
【解析】考查动词和主谓一致。句意：延安，一个位于陕西省北部的城市，在过去的几年里，旅游业取得
了巨大的进步。分析句子成分可知，此处是由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，描述事实，时
态是一般现在时，固定短语 be located in“坐落于，位于”，由主语是 which，指的是 Yan’an，可知此处要用
动词的第三人称单数形式。故填 is located。
【答案】is located
典例 2.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意：我的新卧室尺寸是 15 英尺乘 12 英尺，对我来说足够大了。 measure
可作不及物动词，表示“量度为……”，没有被动语态，表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词
也用单数，故填 measures。
【答案】measures
变式训练 1.Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities.
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：加拿大是一个由许多民族构成的国家。根据句子结构分析，此句有系动词
“is”做谓语动词，但是动词“consist”和它之间并没有连词，所以，“consist”只能做非谓语动词。又因为
“consist”和被它修饰的词“a country”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填 consisting。
【答案】consisting
变式训练 2.Bob wants to buy that kind of ball pen because he has been told it (write) smoothly.
【解析】考查时态、主动表被动以及主谓一致。句意：鲍勃想买那种圆珠笔，因为他听说这种笔写起来很
顺。分析句子可知，“it ________ smoothly”是宾语从句，描述现阶段的情况，he has been told 是现在完成时，
宾语从句应用一般现在时；write 此处用作不及物动词，描述主语 it 的品质，应用主动形式表被动；且主语
it 是单数，应用 writes。故填 writes。
【答案】writes
一、 真题实战
1.（2024 年浙江 1 月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
【答案】be offered
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时
能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词 offer 意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语 they 代指前文中的
sausages。在情态动词 could 后动词应用原形。故填 be offered。
2（. 2023 年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still
________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】be employed
【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们
对重要真理的关注。从句主语 a simple lyric form 与 employ 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词 can
后接动词原形。故填 be employed。
3.（2024 年北京卷）On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ______ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
【答案】was named
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024 年 4 月 5 日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿
的人。根据时间状语 On April 5, 2024 可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name 与主语
John Tinniswood 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语 John Tinniswood 是单数，be 动词使用 was。故填
was named。
4.（2024 新课标 I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影
响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为
一般现在时，主语 the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks。
5.（2021 年浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect
order.
【答案】was painted
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little
home 作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语
态；根据上文的 was built 可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是 was/were+过去分词；
主语 The little home 是单数第三人称，所以要用 was，提示词 paint 的过去分词形式是 painted。故填 was
painted。
6.（2024 年全国甲卷）What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.
【答案】be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语 what 指物，与谓语
动词 do 是被动关系，情态动词 should 后接 be done 构成被动语态，故填 be done。
7.（2020 年新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，
应使用一般现在时；主语与 call 是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
8（. 2022 年浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind
【答案】be appreciated
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语 a painting 与谓语
appreciate 为被动关系，且置于情态动词 can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填 be
appreciated。
9.（2020 年全国 III 卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这
位老人笑了。本句中主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 构成被动关系，且 would 后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
二、 命题演练
1. （2024 届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题） In my case this is what happened—my parents turned in to me
and my needs and the shyness all but (disappear) completely over time.
【答案】disappeared
【解析】考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子中结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是一个发生在
过去的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时形式，故填 disappeared。
2.（湖南省百所学校 2023-2024 学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk __ (make) its
fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and
gained a great fortune.
【答案】had made
【解析】考查时态。句意：由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪，商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易
中国丝绸的机会，并获得了巨大的财富。此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填 had made。
3.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） It (compile) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after
the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers to their questions.
【答案】was compiled
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：它是在战国早期，孔子死后 70 多年，他的弟子根据他们的问题的答案所做
的笔记汇编而成的。It 指代上文提到的“The Analects”，与谓语动词 compile 是被动关系，讲述过去发生的事
情用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填 was compiled。
4.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县 2023-2024 年高三试题） Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like
frequently by plane （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【答案】is viewed 或 has been viewed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流
信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到
现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填 is viewed 或 has been viewed。
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was finally
about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
【答案】was supposed
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：大半天过去了，夸父终于要在禺谷赶上太阳了，而禺谷正是
太阳落山的地方！根据上文 Kua Fu was 可知为一般过去时，且 suppose 与 sun 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，
为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填 was supposed。
6.（湖南省雅礼中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题） In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns, and
their hair (style) in fashion.
【答案】is styled
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，人们还用图案装饰他们的衣服，他们的发型也很时尚。
hair 和 style 之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此句子用被动语态，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语 hair
是不可数名词，因此空格处是 is styled。故填 is styled。
7.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs (do)to achieve the final success.
【答案】doing/to be done
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我们已经开了一个好头，但接下来，有更多的工作需要去做，以取得最后
的成功。need 作实义动词，后常接动名词做宾语，当主语为动作的承受者时，该结构用主动形式表示被动
意义，need doing 可与 need to be done 替换。故填 doing/to be done。
8.He bought a pair of trousers last week, but the trousers (wear) out by now.
【答案】have worn/have been worn
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他上周买了一条裤子，但是这条裤子现在已经穿破了。wear out
穿破，磨损，常用于被动语态，也可用主动表示被动，根据时间状语“by now”可知句子用现在完成时，主语
trousers 是名词复数，助动词用 have，故填 have (been) worn。
9.Leather shoes need (polish) with good quality wax.
【答案】polishing/to be polished
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：皮鞋需要用优质的蜡抛光。此处为短语 need doing sth.，need 后接动名词
表示被动，或 need to do sth.，polish 与 shoes 构成被动关系，应用 to be done 形式。根据句意，故填 polishing/to
be polished。
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad more comfortable
(hold).
【答案】to hold
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：与早期版本相比，iPad 的厚度和重量都有所不同，拿起来更舒服。
make+sth.+adj.+to do 为固定结构，意思为：使得某物更……被……，空处用动词不定式作状语。故填 to
hold。
