第 22 讲 定语从句
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
基础详单
知识点 1 定语从句概述 3
知识点 2 定语从句解题策略 4
考点一 关系代词
知识点 1 that 和 which 的用法辨析 5
知识点 2 who, whom, whose 的用法辨析 6
考点二 关系副词
知识点 1 关系副词 when 的基本用法和易错点 8
知识点 2 关系副词 where 的基本用法和易错点 9
知识点 3 关系副词 why 的基本用法和易错点 10
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点 1 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句常见用法 10
知识点 2 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句特殊用法 11
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点 1 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 12
知识点 2 定语从句中的主谓一致考点 14
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 14
2.命题演练 14
年份 卷别 语法填空 短文改错 考情分析
新高考 II 卷 that/which
2024 全国甲卷 which 分析近年高考真题可知，近年来，高考对
浙江卷 1 月 that/which
定语从句主要考查关系代词 that与 which
北京卷 who
全国甲卷 as; where what-which 的区别、关系代词与关系副词的区别；非限
2023 制性定语从句的关系词；定语从句中的特殊
全国乙卷 that/which that-whose
情况的关系词。
新高考 I 卷 that 【复习目标】
2022 全国甲卷 who
全国乙卷 what-which 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法
浙江卷 1 月 that/who 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法
2021 新高考 II 卷 that/which 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法
全国 I 卷 where
全国 II 卷 what-which 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
2020
5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点
全国 III 卷 whose what-that
【基础详单】
知识点 1 定语从句概述
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称
为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。
位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之
后。
类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不
用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影
Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代
请支持这个计划的人举手。 词 that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，
【2024 年全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas is one of five 也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to He was generous with his time, for which I was
remote towns in central and eastern Russia. grateful.
圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中部 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。
和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。
知识点 2 定语从句解题策略
1．确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就
要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
② that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③ which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which 意为“这
一点”。
④ as 引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen, be known,
be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case 等。
3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。
① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
② 先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。
① 缺少主语：that/which/who；
② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③ 缺少定语：whose；
④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用 when、where、why。
易错提醒：1. 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，注意三大从句的区别。定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句
修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。2. 先行词是地点名词，
关系词不一定用 where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用 when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用
why；要仔细分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能
用关系代词。
考点一 关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
知识点 1 that 和 which 的用法辨析
一、只用 that 不用 which 引导定语从句的情况
1. 先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。
例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。
2. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all 等修饰时。
例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
4. 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
二、只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况
典型场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整 Our football team won the final, which made us excited.
个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如 in The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
which, both of which等，标志为介词。 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。
名师提醒：当先行词是 way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词
可以是 that, in which 或省略。
例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route________
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
典例 2.（福建省宁德第一中学 2024 年高三检测试题）The mortise and tenon technique, is the primary
construction method used in ancient Chinese architecture and represents the core of traditional Chinese
woodworking, is gaining increasing recognition among the public.
变式训练 1（. 2024年湖北省腾云联盟联考）However, here’s one of the most unusual railways break the rules
in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
变式训练 2（. 2024 年四川省五市联考月考）As asymbolic food in Chongqing, it reflects that people there have the
sense of integrity and embrace the diversified culture. Almost everything is eatable can be cooked in hotpot,
so eating hotpot is a must when you come to Chongqing!
知识点 2 who, whom, whose 的用法辨析
一、who、whom 的用法
1. who 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。注意 Anyone who…以及 Those
who…句型。
2. whom 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。作宾语，可以省略。
3.whom 可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who 不能。
例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech
contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。
例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有 38 个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。
例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。
例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。
例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。
典例 1.（2024 年北京卷）Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him
stay healthy during his long life.
二、whose 的用法
1. whose 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose 修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋
名词”来代替。
例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for
us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
典例 1.（2024 年江苏省连云港市月考）A long time ago, there was a mountain named “Chengdu Zaitian” in the
vast wilderness. This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, members were all tall and mighty like
giants.
典例 2.（辽宁省重点高中 2024 年高三试题）Volunteer travel, also known as voluntourism, refers to taking a
trip_________purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to give back to the local community and
make a difference.
变式训练 1.（河北省部分重点高中 2024 年高三综测试题）Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts
Center,_________ aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditional
Chinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking
Opera inheritance class to popularize the traditional art to children.
变式训练 2.（河北省保定市重点高中 2023-2024 学年高三试题）The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition
featuring some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of dates back to the
1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing.
考点二 关系副词
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词 when, where, why。
知识点 1 关系副词 when 的基本用法和易错点
1. when 用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。
2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如 day, month, year。
3. 还可以是抽象名词，如 age, stay, occasion 等。
4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during 等)＋which 代替关系副词 when
易错提醒：1.当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用 when 而用 that 或 which。2. 先
行词是 time 时，若 time 作“次数”讲，应用关系代词 that 引导定语从句，that 可省略；若 time 作“一段时
间，时代”讲，应用关系副词 when 或“介词 at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
例2. There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.（先行词 reason 在从句中作宾语）
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
例5. There are occasions when one must yield. （先行词 occasions 是典型时间名词）
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
典例（ 江苏省南通市 2023-2024 学年高三统考试题）The bronze was discovered in July last year, but
archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, they were sorting out all other bronze
objects piled on the top of the statue.
知识点 2 关系副词 where 的基本用法和易错点
1. where 用于修饰地点名词如 place, park, factory, house 等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family 等时，如果引导
词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
3. 先行词 occasion 当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词 when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词 where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
典例 1（. 河北省 2023-2024 学年高三全过程纵向评价试题）At first, Minguez performed house calls, but demand
increased to the point he decided to open a practice in his living room. But this, too, soon proved insufficient
to care for all the people coming in and so he went on to set up a clinic.
典例2（. 湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三试题）Pan, a silversmith (银匠) in Maliao village in Guizhou
Province, used to dream of people living an abundant life in his village, nobody has to work far away
from home and customers go for beautiful silver jewellery.
知识点 3 关系副词 why 的基本用法和易错点
1. why 在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用 that
或 which 引导。
2. why 还可以用于 The reason why…is that…句型。
例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. （关系词在从句中作宾语）
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点 1 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句常见用法
1.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有 which 和 whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用 which；如果先行词是人，
则引导词用 whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
例 1. My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
例2. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
例3. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则
1. 看先行词特殊搭配，如 to a degree；
2. 看从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配，如 learn from，speak to 等；
3. 看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如 in which case, with whose help 等。
1. 看先行词搭配。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
2. 看从句短语搭配
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
3. 看语境逻辑
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
知识点 2 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句特殊用法
一、 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
二、 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
典例 1.（2024 年江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of
quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the
crosstalk is most popular,
典例 2（. 江苏省前黄高级中学 2024 年高三学情检测）The center was launched in June on Zhenxing Road to help
relieve the pressure on many of those running its 435 street stalls, many of are migrant workers from
around the country without local relatives to help take care of their children.
变式训练.He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点 1 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句
一、as 引导限制性定语从句的用法
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；
2. 用于 such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that 句型。
3. 注意 the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
名师提醒：注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而 so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that 只起
连接作用不作句子成分。
例1. They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as 作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
例2. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as 作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
例3. This is the same knife as I lost.(不是同一把小刀)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
例4. He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.
他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
二、such ... as ... 与 such ... that ... 的区别
1. such ... as ... 中的 as 引导的是定语从句，而 such ... that ... 中的 that 引导的是结果状语从句。
2. 当 as 引导定语从句时，as 在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而 that 引导结果状语从句时，that 在从句中不作
任何成分。
例1. This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.。(从句中的 work out 缺少宾语，关系代词 as
作 work out 的宾语。)
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题
例2. She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的 that 只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
三、as 引导非限制性定语从句的用法
1. as 引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致；which 从句只能位于主句之后，
2. as 表示“正如……就像”。从句多含有 see, know, expect, tell, report 等动词；
3. 当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用 which。
1. 位置对比:
例 1. As is often the case, he is late again.
他又迟到了，这是常见的情况。
例 2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
例 3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。
例 4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
2. 意义对比：as 常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：
as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；
as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；
as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；
as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；
as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；
as has been said before “如上所述”；
as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；
which 常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
3. 否定句对比
例. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
他公开批评 Mary，对此她一点儿都不愿意。
知识点 2 定语从句中的主谓一致情况
1. 先行词作主语，that/which/who 从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
2. 先行词是 one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；
3. 先行词是 the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。
例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you.
例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music.
例3. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
例4. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
例5. He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
例6. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
一、 真题实战
1. （ 2024 全国甲卷） Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until
Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a
national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
3（. 2023 全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked
just perfect.
4.（2022 天津 3 月卷） Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share
what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
5.（2020 全国 I 卷） Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
二、 命题演练
1（. 江苏省常州市联盟校 2023-2024 学年高三 10 月调研试题）Unlike contentious hearings with other tech CEOs,
lawmakers “appeared in a listening mood” with Altman, company developed the breakthrough AI
chatbot ChatGPT.
2（. 湖南省邵东市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of
the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
3.（2024 届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题） It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin___
visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history’ and diverse
cultures.
4.（湖南省常德市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）Library where it is stored. It is not only one example of
ancient works of art tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also is a witness to the pursuit of beauty by
Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe,
___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
6.（湖南省炎德名校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the
birdsong listening feature, you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs.第 22 讲 定语从句
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 2
02 知识导图·思维引航 3
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
基础详单
知识点 1 定语从句概述 3
知识点 2 定语从句解题策略 4
考点一 关系代词
知识点 1 that 和 which 的用法辨析 5
知识点 2 who, whom, whose 的用法辨析 7
考点二 关系副词
知识点 1 关系副词 when 的基本用法和易错点 9
知识点 2 关系副词 where 的基本用法和易错点 10
知识点 3 关系副词 why 的基本用法和易错点 11
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点 1 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句常见用法 12
知识点 2 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句特殊用法 13
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点 1 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句 14
知识点 2 定语从句中的主谓一致考点 14
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 16
2.命题演练 17
年份 卷别 语法填空 短文改错 考情分析
新高考 II 卷 that/which
2024 全国甲卷 which 分析近年高考真题可知，近年来，高考对
浙江卷 1 月 that/which
定语从句主要考查关系代词 that与 which
北京卷 who
全国甲卷 as; where what-which 的区别、关系代词与关系副词的区别；非限
2023 制性定语从句的关系词；定语从句中的特殊
全国乙卷 that/which that-whose
情况的关系词。
新高考 I 卷 that 【复习目标】
2022 全国甲卷 who
全国乙卷 what-which 1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法
浙江卷 1 月 that/who 2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法
2021 新高考 II 卷 that/which 3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法
全国 I 卷 where
全国 II 卷 what-which 4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
2020
5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点
全国 III 卷 whose what-that
【基础详单】
知识点 1 定语从句概述
定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称
为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。
位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之
后。
类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与先行词关系密切，删除后影响整个意思的表达，不
用逗号分开。只可修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子。 与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明，删除后不影
Those who are for the plan raise your hands, please. 响整个意思的表达，一般用逗号分开。不可用关系代
请支持这个计划的人举手。 词 that，关系代词不可省略，既可修饰名词或代词，
【2024 年全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas is one of five 也可修饰句子，用逗号分开。
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to He was generous with his time, for which I was
remote towns in central and eastern Russia. grateful.
圣卢卡斯列车是由政府资助的五列前往俄罗斯中部 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，为此我非常感激。
和东部偏远城镇的医疗列车之一。
知识点 2 定语从句解题策略
1．确定是定语从句
设空处无提示词，且空前的主句完整；空后的句子不完整，且对空前的某一名词或代词起限定作用，就
要考虑填定语从句关系词。
2. 区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。
① 先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。
② that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
③ which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which 意为“这
一点”。
④ as 引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是 be seen, be known,
be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case 等。
3.寻找先行词，判断属性（指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因）。
① 先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose；
② 先行词指物：that/which/whose；
③ 表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。
4. 判断定语从句所缺成分，根据定语从句中所缺句子成分及句意，确定关系词。
① 缺少主语：that/which/who；
② 缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom；
③ 缺少定语：whose；
④ 缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用 when、where、why。
易错提醒：1. 解题时，要仔细分析句子成分，注意三大从句的区别。定语从句前必须有先行词；状语从句
修饰谓语动词或整个句子；而名词性从句则是单独充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。2. 先行词是地点名词，
关系词不一定用 where；先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定用 when；先行词是原因名词，关系词不一定用
why；要仔细分析句子成分，原句含有主谓宾或者不缺少宾语才能用关系副词；原句缺少主语或 宾语才能
用关系代词。
考点一 关系代词
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
知识点 1 that 和 which 的用法辨析
一、只用 that 不用 which 引导定语从句的情况
1. 先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。
例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。
2. 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
3. 先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all 等修饰时。
例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home.
唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
4. 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
二、只用 which 不用 that 引导定语从句的情况
典型场合 典型示例
引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整 Our football team won the final, which made us excited.
个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如 in The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
which, both of which等，标志为介词。 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。
名师提醒：当先行词是 way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词
可以是 that, in which 或省略。
例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
典例 1.（2024 年新高考 I 卷）.The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route________
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff 补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，
中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息
地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 design，先行词指物，
关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词 which 或 that 引导从句。故填 which/that。
【答案】that/which。
典例 2.（福建省宁德第一中学 2024 年高三检测试题）The mortise and tenon technique, is the primary
construction method used in ancient Chinese architecture and represents the core of traditional Chinese
woodworking, is gaining increasing recognition among the public.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法，代表了中国传统木工的核心，
越来越受到公众的认可。这里是非限定性定语从句，先行词为“the mortise and tenon technique”，指物，关系
词在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词 which 引导。故填 which。
【答案】which
变式训练 1（. 2024年湖北省腾云联盟联考）However, here’s one of the most unusual railways break the rules
in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，这里有一条最不寻常的铁路，为了到达其他火车不能行驶的地方而
打破规则：中国重庆单轨铁路。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the most unusual
railways，先行词被最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 that。故填 that。
【答案】that
变式训练 2（. 2024 年四川省五市联考月考）As asymbolic food in Chongqing, it reflects that people there have the
sense of integrity and embrace the diversified culture. Almost everything is eatable can be cooked in hotpot,
so eating hotpot is a must when you come to Chongqing!
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：几乎所有可以吃的东西都可以在火锅里煮，所以当你来重庆时，吃火锅是
必须的!分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 everything，关系词替代先行词在从句中作
主语，当先行词是不定代词时，只能用关系代词 that 引导。故填 that。
【答案】that
知识点 2 who, whom, whose 的用法辨析
一、who、whom 的用法
1. who 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。注意 Anyone who…以及 Those
who…句型。
2. whom 用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与 that 替换。作宾语，可以省略。
3.whom 可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who 不能。
例1. I've made good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom I met in the English speech
contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生结交为好朋友。
例2. In our class there are 38 students, of whom half wear glasses.我们班有 38 个学生，其中有一半戴眼镜。
例3. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
那些想去长城的人可以在这里报名。
例4. The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.
你刚才和他说话的那个人是德普先生。
例5. The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这个老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。
典例 1.（2024 年北京卷）Tinniswood, ______ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him
stay healthy during his long life.
【解析】 考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood 不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保
持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应
用关系代词 who 引导从句。故填 who。
【答案】who
二、whose 的用法
1. whose 既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，whose 修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋
名词”来代替。
例1. Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
例2. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea.
→I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
例3. The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for
us, especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
典例 1.（2024 年江苏省连云港市月考）A long time ago, there was a mountain named “Chengdu Zaitian” in the
vast wilderness. This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe, members were all tall and mighty like
giants.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座山是夸父部落的家园，他们的成员都像巨人一样高大威武。空处引导
非限制性定语从句，先行词 the Kua Fu tribe，在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词 whose 引导。故填
whose。
【答案】whose
典例 2.（辽宁省重点高中 2024 年高三试题）Volunteer travel, also known as voluntourism, refers to taking a
trip_________purpose is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to give back to the local community and
make a difference.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：志愿旅行，也被称为“义工旅行”，是指以参加安排好的服务机会为目的的旅
行，以回馈当地社区并发挥作用。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“a trip”，和“purpose”之间为所有关
系，用关系代词 whose 引导。故填 whose。
【答案】whose
变式训练 1.（河北省部分重点高中 2024 年高三综测试题）Up to now, Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts
Center,_________ aim is to emphasize the inheritance, promotion, development and popularization of traditional
Chinese culture and arts, has also held many exhibitions related to traditional drama, and established the Peking
Opera inheritance class to popularize the traditional art to children.
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：到目前为止，北京天桥演艺中心以强调对中国传统文化艺术的继承、
弘扬、发展和普及为宗旨，还举办了许多与传统戏剧相关的展览，并成立了京剧传承班，向孩子们普及传
统艺术。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代关系词，先行词 Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center
与 aim 构成所属关系，即 Beijing Tianqiao Performing Arts Center’s aim，用关系代词 whose 作定语。故填
whose。
【答案】whose
变式训练 2.（河北省保定市重点高中 2023-2024 学年高三试题）The Prints-A Riot of Colors, an exhibition
featuring some 130 prints created by generations of Chinese artists, the oldest one of dates back to the
1930s, opened on Monday at the Guardian Art Center in Beijing.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：周一在北京嘉德艺术中心开幕的“版画—五彩缤纷”展览展出了由几代中国艺
术家创作的约 130 幅版画，其中最古老的一幅可以追溯到 20 世纪 30 年代。分析句子结构可知，此处引导
非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词的宾语，先行词是 prints，应用 which。故填 which。
【答案】which
考点二 关系副词
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词 when, where, why。
知识点 1 关系副词 when 的基本用法和易错点
1. when 用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。
2. 先行词是具体时间名词，如 day, month, year。
3. 还可以是抽象名词，如 age, stay, occasion 等。
4. 常用表时间的介词(如：in, on, at, during 等)＋which 代替关系副词 when
易错提醒：1.当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用 when 而用 that 或 which。2. 先
行词是 time 时，若 time 作“次数”讲，应用关系代词 that 引导定语从句，that 可省略；若 time 作“一段时
间，时代”讲，应用关系副词 when 或“介词 at/during＋which”引导定语从句。
例1. This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
例2. There was a time when I hated going to school.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
例3. I'll never forget the day when my son was born.
我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。
例4. The season which/that they were talking about was autumn.（先行词 reason 在从句中作宾语）
他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。
例5. There are occasions when one must yield. （先行词 occasions 是典型时间名词）
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
例6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。
典例（ 江苏省南通市 2023-2024 学年高三统考试题）The bronze was discovered in July last year, but
archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, they were sorting out all other bronze
objects piled on the top of the statue.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这尊青铜雕像是去年 7 月发现的，但考古学家们在一年后才成功地将其从
坑中取出，那时他们正在整理堆积在雕像顶部的所有其他青铜器。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，设空后
含有谓语动词 were sorting，与前面的句子 archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later 之间需要
连词连接，所以设空处要填连词；根据句意可知，they were sorting out all other bronze objects piled on the top
of the statue 对前面的句子起着补充说明作用，所以这是一个非限制性定语从句；先行词是 a year later，在从
句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词 when 来引导从句。故填 when。
【答案】when
知识点 2 关系副词 where 的基本用法和易错点
1. where 用于修饰地点名词如 place, park, factory, house 等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。
Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。
2. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family 等时，如果引导
词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词 that/which。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。
Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
3. 先行词 occasion 当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词 when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词 where。
Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties.
请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。
Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。
典例 1（. 河北省 2023-2024 学年高三全过程纵向评价试题）At first, Minguez performed house calls, but demand
increased to the point he decided to open a practice in his living room. But this, too, soon proved insufficient
to care for all the people coming in and so he went on to set up a clinic.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：起初，Minguez 负责上门服务，但由于需求增加，他决定在自己的客厅里开
一家诊所。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the point”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词 where
引导。故填 where。
【答案】where
典例2（. 湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三试题）Pan, a silversmith (银匠) in Maliao village in Guizhou
Province, used to dream of people living an abundant life in his village, nobody has to work far away
from home and customers go for beautiful silver jewellery.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：潘是贵州省马寮村的银匠，他曾经梦想着在他的村子里人们过着富足的生
活，没有人需要离家很远的地方工作，顾客们都去买漂亮的银饰。现在他的梦想实现了。空格处引导非限
制性定语从句，修饰先行词 village，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在村子里”，用关系副词
where 引导该从句。故填 where。
【答案】where
知识点 3 关系副词 why 的基本用法和易错点
1. why 在从句中作原因状语，相当于 for which, 但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用 that
或 which 引导。
2. why 还可以用于 The reason why…is that…句型。
例1. Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？
例2. The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you might give.
老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。
例3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.
我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
例4. The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. （关系词在从句中作宾语）
他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。
考点三 介词+关系代词
知识点 1 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句常见用法
1.在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有 which 和 whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用 which；如果先行词是人，
则引导词用 whom。如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。
例 1. My youngest brother，whom I have to look after，is demanding.
我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。
例2. This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
例3. This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2. 关系代词前介词的确定原则
1. 看先行词特殊搭配，如 to a degree；
2. 看从句谓语动词或其它短语搭配，如 learn from，speak to 等；
3. 看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如 in which case, with whose help 等。
1. 看先行词搭配。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
Air, without which man can't live, is really important.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(without air)
2. 看从句短语搭配
The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)
The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(be famous for)
3. 看语境逻辑
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
知识点 2 介词+which/whom 引导的定语从句特殊用法
一、 “名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
二、 “介词＋which/whom＋不定式”
The poor man has no house in which to live.
→The poor man has no house to live in.
→The poor man has no house in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
典例 1.（2024 年江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of
quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the
crosstalk is most popular,
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国有许多不同类型的曲艺表演，如相声、德鼓、评书和双簧，其中最
受欢迎的是相声。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 types，作介词的宾语，指物，
故填 which。
【答案】which
典例 2（. 江苏省前黄高级中学 2024 年高三学情检测）The center was launched in June on Zhenxing Road to help
relieve the pressure on many of those running its 435 street stalls, many of are migrant workers from
around the country without local relatives to help take care of their children.
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该中心于 6 月在振兴路上启动，以帮助减轻 435 个街头摊位经营者的压力，
其中许多人是来自全国各地的外来务工人员，没有当地亲戚帮助照顾他们的孩子。分析句子成分可知，空
处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词“many”，指人，且在从句中充当介词“of”的宾语。故
填 whom。
【答案】whom
变式训练.He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.
【解析】and 是解题关键，表明这是一个并列句。故答案是 them。
【答案】them
考点四 定语从句中的易错点
知识点 1 关系代词 as 引导的定语从句
一、as 引导限制性定语从句的用法
1. 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；
2. 用于 such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…, the same…that 句型。
3. 注意 the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。
名师提醒：注意定语从句关系词作主语或宾语，而 so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that 只起
连接作用不作句子成分。
例1. They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as 作主语)
他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。
例2. These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as 作宾语)
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。
例3. This is the same knife as I lost.(不是同一把小刀)
这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。
例4. He is the same boy that helped me yesterday.
他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩）
二、such ... as ... 与 such ... that ... 的区别
1. such ... as ... 中的 as 引导的是定语从句，而 such ... that ... 中的 that 引导的是结果状语从句。
2. 当 as 引导定语从句时，as 在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而 that 引导结果状语从句时，that 在从句中不作
任何成分。
例1. This is such a difficult problem as most of us can't work out.。(从句中的 work out 缺少宾语，关系代词 as
作 work out 的宾语。)
这是一个我们大多数人都不能解决的难题
例2. She is such a kind girl that many students like her.
她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。
(状语从句是完整的句子，前面的 that 只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。)
三、as 引导非限制性定语从句的用法
1. as 引导非限制性定语从句，位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致；which 从句只能位于主句之后，
2. as 表示“正如……就像”。从句多含有 see, know, expect, tell, report 等动词；
3. 当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用 which。
1. 位置对比:
例 1. As is often the case, he is late again.
他又迟到了，这是常见的情况。
例 2. Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
例 3. The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved in the past two months.
正如报告中所表明的，城市空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到改善。
例 4. He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
2. 意义对比：as 常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：
as anybody can see “正如人人都能看到的那样”；
as is well known＝as is known to all “众所周知”；
as we had expected “正如我们所预料的那样”；
as often happens “正如经常发生的那样”；
as is often the case “正如经常发生的那样”；
as has been said before “如上所述”；
as is mentioned above “正如上面提到的”；
which 常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。
He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
3. 否定句对比
例. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
他公开批评 Mary，对此她一点儿都不愿意。
知识点 2 定语从句中的主谓一致情况
1. 先行词作主语，that/which/who 从句谓语动词和主语保持一致。
2. 先行词是 one of…结构，定语从句谓语用复数；
3. 先行词是 the only /very one of…，定语从句谓语用单数。
例1. I, who am your friend, can understand you.
例2. There are many young people who are keen on folk music.
例3. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务，都应受到批评。
例4. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
例5. He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
例6. He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
一、 真题实战
1. （ 2024 全国甲卷） Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until
Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a
national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】which。
【解析】本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为 Wrangell-Saint Elias，故答案在 which 和 that 间选，而本空前
有逗号，that 前不能加逗号，故填 which。
2.（2023 全国甲卷）“There was once a town in the heart of America, _________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful
existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】where。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环
境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词
为 town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导。故填 where。
3（. 2023 全国乙卷）The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman ________hair color looked
just perfect.
【答案】whose。
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看
起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 woman，关系词在从句中作 hair 的定语，应用关系代词
whose 引导。故填 whose。
4.（2022 天津 3 月卷） Kenny still remembers the class discussion ________the teacher asked students to share
what they wanted to be when they grew up.
A．why B．which C．that D．where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Kenny 仍然记得课堂上的讨论，老师要求学生们分享他们长大后想成为什么
样的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the class discussion。先行词在定语从句中作
地点状语，意为“在课堂讨论中”，是“模糊地点”，所以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句。故选 D。
5.（2020 全国 I 卷） Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot __________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器
和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是 a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作
地点状语，应用 where 引导。故填 where。
二、 命题演练
1（. 江苏省常州市联盟校 2023-2024 学年高三 10 月调研试题）Unlike contentious hearings with other tech CEOs,
lawmakers “appeared in a listening mood” with Altman, company developed the breakthrough AI
chatbot ChatGPT.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：与其他科技公司首席执行官举行的有争议的听证会不同，议员们对 Altman
的听证会“表现出倾听的心情”。Altman 的公司开发了突破性的人工智能聊天机器人 ChatGPT。这里为定语
从句的关系词，先行词为“Altman”，和空后的“company”之间存在所有关系，用关系代词 whose。故填
whose。
2（. 湖南省邵东市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）Wherever you go in Xinjiang, whether the north or south of
the Tianshan Mountains, you’ll notice small stands some crispy and delicious nang is sold.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无论你走到新疆的哪个地方，无论是天山的北部还是南部，你都会注意到
卖酥脆可口馕的小摊。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stands，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，
表示“在这些小摊上”，应使用关系副词 where。故填 where。
3.（2024 届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题） It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin___
visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing its long history’ and diverse
cultures.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它已经成为黄河流域的一个文化地标，游客可以在这里看到河流穿过城市，
观看展示其悠久历史和多元文化的展览。定语从句修饰先行词 landmark，从句缺少地点状语，故用 where
引导。故填 where。
4.（湖南省常德市第一中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）Library where it is stored. It is not only one example of
ancient works of art tell the wisdom of our ancestors, but also is a witness to the pursuit of beauty by
Chinese craftsmen throughout centuries.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它不仅是古代艺术作品中讲述祖先智慧的一个例子，也是中国工匠几个世
纪以来追求美的见证。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 works of art，先行词指
物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用 that/which 引导从句。故填 that/which。
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学 2023-2024 学年高三试题）This mountain was home to the Kua Fu tribe,
___________members were all tall and mighty like giants.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这座山是夸父部落的家园，他们的成员都像巨人一样高大威武。分析句子
结构可知非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the Kua Fu tribe，在从句中作定语，应用 whose。故填 whose。
6.（湖南省炎德名校 2023-2024 学年高三试题）There are many features the app offers, and my favorite is the
birdsong listening feature, you can turn on your phone’s microphone and hear recorded diverse birdsongs.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这款应用提供了许多功能，我最喜欢的是鸟鸣收听功能，你可以打开手机
的麦克风，听到各种鸟鸣的录音。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 the birdsong listening feature，在从句中作
地点状语，故用 where。故填 where。
