第 25 讲 虚拟语气
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气条件句
知识点 1 if 引导的虚拟语气典型用法 3
知识点 2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装 4
知识点 3 错综虚拟语气 4
知识点 4 含蓄虚拟语气 5
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点 1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 6
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于表语、同位语从句 7
知识点 3 虚拟语气用于主语从句 7
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点 1 as if/though、even if/though 引导的虚拟语气 9
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于 if only 句型 9
考点四 虚拟语气的其它句式 10
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 11
2.命题演练 13
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知，高考虚拟语气的考查可能出现在阅读的长难句中。语法填空中不作为
考查热点，但在写作中能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上 1-2 句虚拟语气可以起到美
化文章的作用。
复习目标：
1. 掌握 if 引导虚拟语气条件句的基本用法。
2. 熟练运用虚拟语气的倒装和省略。
3. 掌握三大从句中虚拟语气的常用法，如 should+动词原形。
4. 掌握虚拟语气的特殊句式。如 It’ high time that...
5. 熟练运用含蓄虚拟语气与错综虚拟语气句。
6. 掌握在复杂语境中辨别虚拟语气并正确理解句意的能力。
考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气
虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
知识点 1 if 引导的虚拟语气典型用法
1.条件句中的虚拟语气基本形式
时态类型 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 一般过去时 did(be 多用 were) would/should/could/might + do(原形)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done would/should/could/might+ have done
①一般过去时(be 多用 were)
与将来事实相反 ②should +do would/should/could/might + do(原形)
③were + to do
例1. If he were here, he would help us.（现在）
如果他还在这里，他就会帮助我们的。
例2. If I had been free,I would have visited you.（过去）
如果我有空，我会去看你的。
例3. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.（将来）
如果明天要下雨，我们就不去露营了。
思维建模：虚拟语气在长难句中可以通过辨析谓语动词的特殊形式来迅速甄别虚拟还是真实。
典例 1.（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）If I had a chance to study abroad, I (study) at Cambridge University.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有机会出国留学，我会在剑桥大学学习。if 的虚拟条件句使用了过去式，表示与现
在事实相反，主句用 would do。故填 would study。
【答案】would study
典例 2.（23-24 高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）If motorists (avoid) speeding on highways, there would not be more traffic
accidents reported.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果驾驶者在高速公路上避免超速行驶，就不会有更多的被报道的交通事故了。分析句
子可知，此处为 if 引导虚拟语气句型中从句谓语动词的填入，结合句意以及主句动词 would not be 可知，此处应为对现在
情况的假设，所以从句动词为一般过去时。故填 avoided。
【答案】avoided
知识点 2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装
在条件句中，如果有 were, had, should 等，则可省略 if，但应注意把 were, had, should 等提到从句主语之前。
例1. If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.（对将来虚拟）
＝Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.
如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
例2. If you had turned to me, I would have helped you. （对过去虚拟）
= Had you turned to me, I would have helped you.如果你请我帮忙,我就帮你了.
例3. If I weren't busy, I would have come.（错综虚拟）
＝Were I not busy, I would have come.
例4. Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。
名师提醒：在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.比如我们可说 Were I not busy,而
不能说 Weren't I busy.
典例 1.（2024 高三·全国·专题练习） he leave today, he would get there by Friday.
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果他今天出发，星期五就能到那里。结合句意和主句谓语动词 would get 可知，
此处为 if 引导的虚拟条件状语从句，与将来的事实相反，从句谓语动词可用 did/were to do/should do；根据动词原形 leave
可知，此处为 should do；当从句有 should 时，可省略 if，并将 should 置于主语之前。综上，故填 Should。
【答案】Should
变式训练. we made a great effort last term, we might have succeeded.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们上学期努力了，我们可能会成功的。分析句子结构和主句的 might have succeeded
可知，此处考查 if 引导的虚拟语气。再根据 we made a great effort last term 可知，这是表示对于过去是事情的假设，从句
应用过去完成时，此处省略 if 将助动词 had 置于句首，构成部分倒装。故填 Had。
【答案】Had
知识点 3 错综虚拟语气
当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的
调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。
例1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。
例2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。
例3. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (You didn't ask him yesterday, so you don't know what
to do now.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
如果你昨天问了他,现在你就知道要做什么了.
典例（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he________ (be) able to speak
it much better now.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好了。本句是虚拟语气含蓄条
件句，now 说明主句与现在事实相反，应用 would do。故答案是 would be。
【答案】would be
知识点 4 含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时是暗含在上下文中的.含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1. 介词及介词短语 but that, but for, without, with, under, under ... condition, supposing, on condition that, in the past
等.
例1. But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. (but for 提供了虚拟条件)
要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。
例2. Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. (without your help 与事实相反)
没有你的帮助，我不可能做到这一切。
2. 连词 otherwise, or, but 或分词短语表条件。如:He would have given you more help, but he was so busy./ Seize the chance,
otherwise you would regret it. / He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you./ Given more time, we could have done
it better.
3. 根据上下文推理出条件.
例1. It would do you no good.这可能会对你没好处.(条件可能是 if you should give up the job“如果你放弃这项工作的话
例2. They could have won.他们本来是会赢的.(条件可能是 if they had been patient“如果他们有耐心的话”)
例3. Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误完全能避免.(条件可能是 if you had been more careful“如果你更加小
心一点的话”)
典例 1.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives (claim) in this pandemic.
【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：要不是医疗队的努力，这场大流行病会夺去更多的生命。这是一个含蓄虚拟语气，
表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句：主语 + should(would, could, might)+have done+其他。claim 意思是夺去，“生命”和“夺
去”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填 would have been claimed。
【答案】would have been claimed
典例 2.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）It was fortunate that he took an umbrella with him, or he (catch) in the heavy rain.
【答案】would have been caught
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：幸运的是，他随身带了一把伞，否则他会在大雨中淋雨。本句是含蓄条件句。前半句是
陈述“他随身带了雨伞”这一事实，后半句表示与过去事实相反的假设，是虚拟语气，应用“would have +过去分词”结构。
be caught in 固定短语，意为“陷入，卷入”。故填 would have been caught。
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点 1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句
一、在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。
1. 表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be 动词一般用 were)。
例:I wish I could argue with you.
2. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用"had 十过去分词"。
例: I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little change.
3. 表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为"would 十动词原形"。
例: I wish it would stop raining.
二、在 suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原
形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
1. 一个“坚持”（insist）
2. 两个“命令”（order, demand）
3. 三个“要求”（require, request, demand）
4. 四个“建议”（suggest, advise, propose,recommend）
易错提醒：suggest 意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用 should+动词原形，should 可以
省。insist 意为“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用 should+动词原形，should 可以
省。
例1. What does the man suggest the woman do 【2021 年上海卷听力】
男士建议女士做什么
例2. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.【2019 年北京
卷】他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈更加健康的糖果中含有什么物质。
例3. The authorities insist that the discussions must not be linked to any other issue.（坚持认为事实）
官方坚持这些讨论绝不能和任何别的问题联系起来。
例4. I insist that you go with me.（坚持要求做某事）
我坚持要你跟我一起去。
三、.would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。
一般过去时表示现在或者将来
would rather +that(从句)
过去完成时表示过去的动作
例 1.John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中 came 不是表示过去而是表示将来)
例 2.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.（表示现在）
经理宁愿他的女儿不在同一个办公室工作
例 3.I would rather he had visited us yesterday.（表示过去）
我宁愿他昨天来看我们了。
名师提醒：1.表示某人愿自己做某事 ,would rather 后用动词原形 .如 :I would rather stay at home today.2. would
rather...than 中用动词原形.。
例1. I would rather stay at home than go out today.
我今天宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
例 2. They would rather work than live on welfare.
他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金生活。
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
表示“建议、请求、命令”等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词
原形。常见的有:advice, suggestion, proposal(提议),order, demand, desire, request, requirement, recommendation, aim,
wish, necessity 等。
例1. It is an order that for every tree cut down two more (should) be planted.（同位语从句）
要求每砍伐一棵树,就要补栽两棵树.
例2. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.（同位语从句）
经理建议我们应该有一个助手。
例3. My advice is that you should send a few soldiers to help them.（表语从句）
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
知识点 3 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1. 在"It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that…"这类句型里， that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用
“should+动词原形”结构表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等语气.。这类形容词有:advisable(合理的),appropriate, compulsory(必须
做的),crucial(决定性的),desirable(理想的),essential, imperative(迫切的),important, incredible(惊人的),natural, necessary,
possible, preferable(更好的),probable, strange, urgent, vital 等.
例 1. It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
三思而后行是非常重要的。
例2. It is necessary that every student (should) work hard.
每个学生（应该）努力工作。
2. “It is/was+名词或名词短语+that+sb+(should)+动词原形...”常见的名词或短语有 a pity, a shame, no wonder 等。
例1. It is no wonder that he （should） miss the train.
他错过了那列火车并不奇怪。
例2. It's a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
他拒绝接受提供的东西真是令人遗憾.
名师提醒：如果不表示惊奇等情感,that 从句也可用陈述句语气.如:It is a pity that you can't swim.
典例 1.（23-24 高三·河北石家庄·开学考试）Obviously, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to tackle the
problem.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：显然，现在是我们采取有效措施解决这个问题的时候了。it is high time that 意为“到了……
的时候了”，为固定句式，从句谓语应用 did/were 或 should do。故填 took/should take。
【答案】took/should take
典例 2.（24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）It is advisable that you (take) your work seriously, or it won’t be long before
you’re laid off.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你最好认真对待你的工作，否则不久你就会被解雇。It is
necessary/strange/advisable..that..，从句谓语用 should+动词原形，且 should 可以省略。故答案是(should) take。
【答案】should take/take
变式训练 1（. 24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）How I wish I (buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望那件裙子在有货的时候我就把它买了！呃！我每次都很后悔。I wish that…从
句与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。故答案是 had bought。
【答案】had bought
变式训练 2.It is urged by university students that the library (keep) open during the vacation.
【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：大学生们极力主张图书馆假期开放。分析句子可知，It 是形式主语，that 引导
的主语从句是真正的主语，urged 表示“极力主张”，主语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分用“should+动词原形”，should
可省略，且从句主语 library 和动词 keep 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填(should) be kept。
【答案】should be kept/be kept
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点 1 as if/though、even if/though 引导的虚拟语气
1. 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用 were)或 “had+过去分词”
例 1. Don't treat me as if I were a child. 不要把我当作一个孩子来对待我。
例 2. Amy talks about Rome as if he were a Roman.
艾米谈起罗马来好像他是罗马人一样.
例 3. Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.【北京卷】
不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。
名师提醒：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
例. It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨。
2. 在带有 even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句用
could/would/might/should+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，从句用 had done,主句用 could/would/might/should+have+过
去分词。
例1. Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard.
即使他病了，他也会努力工作。
例2. Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you out.
即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。
例3. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知道该怎么办。
名师提醒：若句子表达的是真实情况则不用虚拟,而用陈述语气.
例. Even if it rains, I will go. 即使下雨我也会去.（可以看出真的有要下雨的迹象）
知识点 2 if only 引导虚拟语气
if only 引导的感叹句中虚拟语气用法与 wish 的虚拟语气用法一致.
时态类型 从句
If only I were better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了.
与现在事实相反 过去时(be 用 were) If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done If only she hadn't driven so fast.要是她当时没有开那么快就好了.
If only it would stop raining.雨要是停了就好了.
将来不大可能实现的愿望 would/could/might+ do If only he were here!
=How I wish he were here!要是他在这儿就好了。
典例（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I (be)
there before!
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：有些人对南极洲的描述如此神秘。要是我以前去过那里就好了！If only 引导的条件状语
从句，对过去事情的虚拟，故谓语用过去完成时。故填 had been。
【答案】had been
考点四 虚拟语气用于其它句式
1. 在"It is high time (that) ......."句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的
时候了”。
例1. It’s (high) time we did housework.
例2. It is high time that we laid great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
=It is high time that we should lay great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
我们对野生动物保护加以高度重视的时候到了。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may+主语+动词原形+其他”结构
例1. May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！
例 2. May your youth last for ever!祝你青春永驻！
例 3. May you succeed!祝你成功！
例 4. May you make greater progress!祝你取得更大进步！
3. 表示强烈的“愿望、祝愿”时，常用动词原形表示虚拟语气。
例1. Long live the Communist Party of China! 中国共产党万岁！
例2. God bless you.上帝保佑你。
典例（24-24 高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time we (destroy)the old world and build a new one.
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：现在是时候摧毁旧世界并建立一个新世界了。It is (high) time that…句型中，that 后从句的
谓语动词要使用过去式或 should 加动词原形，但 should 不可省略。故填 destroyed/should destroy。
【答案】destroyed/should destroy
一、 真题实战
1．（2017·天津·高考真题）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated
later.
A．should B．could C．might D．would
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们用了 10 天的时间来完成这个训练计划，如果不成功，以后还可以重复。结合后文“ it
could be repeated later.”可知，此处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句，主句用 would (should, could, might) +动词原形，从
句动词用过去式（be 通常用 were）或用 should+动词原形或 were to+动词原形；且而虚拟条件句中，如有 were、should
或 had，可将 if 省略，将 were、should 或 had 提前至句首构成倒装。故选 A。
2．（2017·全国·高考真题）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip．
A．Furthermore B．Otherwise
C．Moreover D．Nevertheless
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：我哥借钱给我了，否则我不可能有能力支付这旅行的费用。A.furthermore 还有；
B.otherwise 否则；C.moreover 还有；D.nevertheless 然而。根据句意可知，这里含有对过去情况假设的虚拟语气，用 otherwise
相当于“if my brother hadn't lent me the money（要是我哥没有借钱给我）”。故选 B。
3．（2018·天津·高考真题）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A．studied B．had studied
C．would study D．might have studied
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：Jane 真希望她在大学时学的是外贸而不是文学。wish 后接宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，
若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或 would / could+have +过去分词。由“when she was in college”可知，本
句表与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句为过去完成时。故选 B 项。
4．（2019·江苏·高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文
可知，是对过去事情的虚拟，是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语
+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 C。
5．（2019·天津·高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplished B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句 the workers
were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。表示与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过
去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 D。
6．（2019·天津·高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A．would be B．might have been
C．would have been D．had been
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对这次聚会的描述是如此生动，以至于我觉得我好像去过那里一样。根据句意及句
中 felt 可知，此处描述的是与过去事实相反的情况，应使用过去完成时。故 D 选项正确。
7．（2016·浙江·高考真题）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their
highest in 2005.
A．had not fallen B．would not fall
C．did not fall D．would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从 2005 年的最高点下降。根
据句意可知，使用虚拟语气表示与过去相反的事实，if 条件句用 had done，省略 if，将 had 提前，主句用 would have done
表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选 D。
8．（2016·北京·高考真题）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A．told B．had told
C．were to tell D．would tell
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第
一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if 条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选 B。
9．（2015·重庆·高考真题）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written
C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说《永别了武器》。根据 without his wartime
experience 没有战时的经历，可知表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，否定式用 wouldn't have done，因此选 D 项。
10．（2015·江苏·高考真题） It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known
C．do I know D．had I known
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟倒装句。句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中 might have saved 可知主
句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用 if I had known 与主句保持一致。if 虚拟条件句中含有 had 时，可将 if 省去，同时将 had 提
前构成倒装结构。故选 D 项。
二、 命题演练
1．（2024 高三·全国·专题练习）This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would repair
it at our expense.
【答案】were to/should
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果在一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。分析句子并结合 with the first
year 可知，本句为 if 的条件状语从句，且与将来事实相反的假设，所以从句形式为 were to do、动词过去时或 should 动
词原形，空后有 break down。故填 were to/should。
2．（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习） (be) I a bird, I would fly to see you at once.
【答案】Were
【解析】考查虚拟语气中的省略。句意：如果我是一只鸟，我马上就会飞过去看你。在虚拟语气中表示对现在情况的虚
拟，be 动词用 were。此处为虚拟条件句应该为:：If I were a bird。此处省略了 if 的倒装句式，首字母大写。故填 Were。
3.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure
from work when young.
【答案】had
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果年轻时没有工作上的压力，她现在会健康得多。根据句意可知，句子描述过
去已经发生事情相反的条件和将会造成的现在的结果，为错综时间条件句，条件部分用 had done 结构，had 提到主语 she
前，进行部分倒装。故填：had。
4.（24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）The manager gave his command that measures (take) immediately to correct all the
mistakes made in marketing.
【答案】be taken
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理下令立即采取措施纠正市场营销中所犯的错误。that measures ________(take) immediately
to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.是一个同位语从句，解释说明前面的抽象名词 command，command 意思是命令，
其后的同位语从句用 should + 动词原形，should 可以被省略的虚拟语气，在同位语从句中，measures 和 take 之间是被动
关系，用被动语态，所以填 be taken。
5.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）He speaks English so fluently as if he (be) a native speaker.
【答案】were
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说英语和外国人一样流利。分析可知，as if 后引导的方式状语从句要使用虚拟语气，
表示和现在情况相反，时态用一般过去时，be 动词用 were，故填 were。
6.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）— Let’s go to see a film.
— Why today. I’d rather we (see) a film tomorrow.
【答案】saw
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我们去看电影吧。——为什么今天。我宁愿我们明天去看电影。此处是 would rather
后的宾语从句的虚拟语气，结合 tomorrow 可知表示将来的情况谓语动词用一般过去时。故填 saw。
7．（24-24 高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time that we （apply ）ourselves to the task of protecting our environment.
【答案】applied/should apply
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：该是我们投身于保护环境这项任务的时候了。在“It's high time+that 从句”这一句型中，从
句谓语动词常用一般过去时或“should+动词原形”，其中 should 不能省略，故填 applied/should apply。第 25 讲 虚拟语气
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航 1
02 知识导图·思维引航 2
03 考点突破·考法探究 3
考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气条件句
知识点 1 if 引导的虚拟语气典型用法 3
知识点 2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装 4
知识点 3 错综虚拟语气 5
知识点 4 含蓄虚拟语气 5
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点 1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句 6
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于表语、同位语从句 7
知识点 3 虚拟语气用于主语从句 7
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点 1 as if/though、even if/though 引导的虚拟语气 8
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于 if only 句型 9
考点四 虚拟语气的其它句式 9
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 10
2.命题演练 11
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知，高考虚拟语气的考查可能出现在阅读的长难句中。语法填空中不作为
考查热点，但在写作中能够成功地在应用文写作和读后续写中用上 1-2 句虚拟语气可以起到美
化文章的作用。
复习目标：
1. 掌握 if 引导虚拟语气条件句的基本用法。
2. 熟练运用虚拟语气的倒装和省略。
3. 掌握三大从句中虚拟语气的常用法，如 should+动词原形。
4. 掌握虚拟语气的特殊句式。如 It’ high time that...
5. 熟练运用含蓄虚拟语气与错综虚拟语气句。
6. 掌握在复杂语境中辨别虚拟语气并正确理解句意的能力。
考点一 if 引导的虚拟语气
虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
知识点 1 if 引导的虚拟语气典型用法
1.条件句中的虚拟语气基本形式
时态类型 从句 主句
与现在事实相反 一般过去时 did(be 多用 were) would/should/could/might + do(原形)
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done would/should/could/might+ have done
①一般过去时(be 多用 were)
与将来事实相反 ②should +do would/should/could/might + do(原形)
③were + to do
例1. If he were here, he would help us.（现在）
如果他还在这里，他就会帮助我们的。
例2. If I had been free,I would have visited you.（过去）
如果我有空，我会去看你的。
例3. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.（将来）
如果明天要下雨，我们就不去露营了。
思维建模：虚拟语气在长难句中可以通过辨析谓语动词的特殊形式来迅速甄别虚拟还是真实。
典例 1.（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）If I had a chance to study abroad, I (study) at Cambridge University.
典例 2.（23-24 高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）If motorists (avoid) speeding on highways, there would not be more traffic
accidents reported.
知识点 2 虚拟语气的省略和倒装
在条件句中，如果有 were, had, should 等，则可省略 if，但应注意把 were, had, should 等提到从句主语之前。
例1. If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion.（对将来虚拟）
＝Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.
如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。
例2. If you had turned to me, I would have helped you. （对过去虚拟）
= Had you turned to me, I would have helped you.如果你请我帮忙,我就帮你了.
例3. If I weren't busy, I would have come.（错综虚拟）
＝Were I not busy, I would have come.
例4. Had you come a few minutes earlier,you would have seen him.
如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。
名师提醒：在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.比如我们可说 Were I not busy,而
不能说 Weren't I busy.
典例 1.（2024 高三·全国·专题练习） he leave today, he would get there by Friday.
变式训练. we made a great effort last term, we might have succeeded.
知识点 3 错综虚拟语气
当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的
调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。
例1. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。
例2. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.（从句过去，主句现在）
如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。
例3. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (You didn't ask him yesterday, so you don't know what
to do now.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)
如果你昨天问了他,现在你就知道要做什么了.
典例（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he________ (be) able to speak
it much better now.
知识点 4 含蓄虚拟语气
含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时是暗含在上下文中的.含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有:
1. 介词及介词短语 but that, but for, without, with, under, under ... condition, supposing, on condition that, in the past
等.
例1. But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. (but for 提供了虚拟条件)
要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。
例2. Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. (without your help 与事实相反)
没有你的帮助，我不可能做到这一切。
2. 连词 otherwise, or, but 或分词短语表条件。如:He would have given you more help, but he was so busy./ Seize the chance,
otherwise you would regret it. / He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you./ Given more time, we could have done
it better.
3. 根据上下文推理出条件.
例1. It would do you no good.这可能会对你没好处.(条件可能是 if you should give up the job“如果你放弃这项工作的话
例2. They could have won.他们本来是会赢的.(条件可能是 if they had been patient“如果他们有耐心的话”)
例3. Such mistakes could have been avoided.这种错误完全能避免.(条件可能是 if you had been more careful“如果你更加小
心一点的话”)
典例 1.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）But for the medical team’s efforts, more lives (claim) in this pandemic.
典例 2.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）It was fortunate that he took an umbrella with him, or he (catch) in the heavy rain.
考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句
知识点 1 虚拟语气用于宾语从句
一、在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。
1. 表示对现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be 动词一般用 were)。
例:I wish I could argue with you.
2. 表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用"had 十过去分词"。
例: I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little change.
3. 表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为"would 十动词原形"。
例: I wish it would stop raining.
二、在 suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原
形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。
1. 一个“坚持”（insist）
2. 两个“命令”（order, demand）
3. 三个“要求”（require, request, demand）
4. 四个“建议”（suggest, advise, propose,recommend）
易错提醒：suggest 意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用 should+动词原形，should 可以
省。insist 意为“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用 should+动词原形，should 可以
省。
例1. What does the man suggest the woman do 【2021 年上海卷听力】
男士建议女士做什么
例2. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.【2019 年北京
卷】他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈更加健康的糖果中含有什么物质。
例3. The authorities insist that the discussions must not be linked to any other issue.（坚持认为事实）
官方坚持这些讨论绝不能和任何别的问题联系起来。
例4. I insist that you go with me.（坚持要求做某事）
我坚持要你跟我一起去。
三、.would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。
一般过去时表示现在或者将来
would rather +that(从句)
过去完成时表示过去的动作
例 1.John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中 came 不是表示过去而是表示将来)
例 2.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office.（表示现在）
经理宁愿他的女儿不在同一个办公室工作
例 3.I would rather he had visited us yesterday.（表示过去）
我宁愿他昨天来看我们了。
名师提醒：1.表示某人愿自己做某事 ,would rather 后用动词原形 .如 :I would rather stay at home today.2. would
rather...than 中用动词原形.。
例1. I would rather stay at home than go out today.
我今天宁愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
例 2. They would rather work than live on welfare.
他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金生活。
知识点 2 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
表示“建议、请求、命令”等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,形式为(should)+动词
原形。常见的有:advice, suggestion, proposal(提议),order, demand, desire, request, requirement, recommendation, aim,
wish, necessity 等。
例1. It is an order that for every tree cut down two more (should) be planted.（同位语从句）
要求每砍伐一棵树,就要补栽两棵树.
例2. The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.（同位语从句）
经理建议我们应该有一个助手。
例3. My advice is that you should send a few soldiers to help them.（表语从句）
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
知识点 3 虚拟语气用于主语从句
1. 在"It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that…"这类句型里， that 所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用
“should+动词原形”结构表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑等语气.。这类形容词有:advisable(合理的),appropriate, compulsory(必须
做的),crucial(决定性的),desirable(理想的),essential, imperative(迫切的),important, incredible(惊人的),natural, necessary,
possible, preferable(更好的),probable, strange, urgent, vital 等.
例 1. It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
三思而后行是非常重要的。
例2. It is necessary that every student (should) work hard.
每个学生（应该）努力工作。
2. “It is/was+名词或名词短语+that+sb+(should)+动词原形...”常见的名词或短语有 a pity, a shame, no wonder 等。
例1. It is no wonder that he （should） miss the train.
他错过了那列火车并不奇怪。
例2. It's a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
他拒绝接受提供的东西真是令人遗憾.
名师提醒：如果不表示惊奇等情感,that 从句也可用陈述句语气.如:It is a pity that you can't swim.
典例 1.（23-24 高三·河北石家庄·开学考试）Obviously, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to tackle the
problem.
典例 2.（24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）It is advisable that you (take) your work seriously, or it won’t be long before
you’re laid off.
变式训练 1（. 24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）How I wish I (buy) that skirt when it was available! Ugh! I regret it every time.
变式训练 2.It is urged by university students that the library (keep) open during the vacation.
考点三 虚拟语气用于状语从句
知识点 1 as if/though、even if/though 引导的虚拟语气
1. 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用 were)或 “had+过去分词”
例 1. Don't treat me as if I were a child. 不要把我当作一个孩子来对待我。
例 2. Amy talks about Rome as if he were a Roman.
艾米谈起罗马来好像他是罗马人一样.
例 3. Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.【北京卷】
不要这么拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。
名师提醒：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
例. It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨。
2. 在带有 even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，主句用
could/would/might/should+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反，从句用 had done,主句用 could/would/might/should+have+过
去分词。
例1. Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard.
即使他病了，他也会努力工作。
例2. Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you out.
即使我当时很忙，我还是会帮助你的。
例3. Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
即使他亲自来也不知道该怎么办。
名师提醒：若句子表达的是真实情况则不用虚拟,而用陈述语气.
例. Even if it rains, I will go. 即使下雨我也会去.（可以看出真的有要下雨的迹象）
知识点 2 if only 引导虚拟语气
if only 引导的感叹句中虚拟语气用法与 wish 的虚拟语气用法一致.
时态类型 从句
If only I were better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了.
与现在事实相反 过去时(be 用 were) If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 had done If only she hadn't driven so fast.要是她当时没有开那么快就好了.
If only it would stop raining.雨要是停了就好了.
将来不大可能实现的愿望 would/could/might+ do If only he were here!
=How I wish he were here!要是他在这儿就好了。
典例（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I (be)
there before!
考点四 虚拟语气用于其它句式
1. 在"It is high time (that) ......."句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的
时候了”。
例1. It’s (high) time we did housework.
例2. It is high time that we laid great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
=It is high time that we should lay great emphasis on the wildlife protection.
我们对野生动物保护加以高度重视的时候到了。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may+主语+动词原形+其他”结构
例1. May you have a good journey!祝你一路顺风！
例 2. May your youth last for ever!祝你青春永驻！
例 3. May you succeed!祝你成功！
例 4. May you make greater progress!祝你取得更大进步！
3. 表示强烈的“愿望、祝愿”时，常用动词原形表示虚拟语气。
例1. Long live the Communist Party of China! 中国共产党万岁！
例2. God bless you.上帝保佑你。
典例（24-24 高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time we (destroy)the old world and build a new one.
一、 真题实战
1．（2017·天津·高考真题）Ten days are devoted to this training program and ________ it be unsuccessful, it could be repeated
later.
A．should B．could C．might D．would
2．（2017·全国·高考真题）My brother lent me the money,_______I couldn't have afforded the trip．
A．Furthermore B．Otherwise
C．Moreover D．Nevertheless
3．（2018·天津·高考真题）Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.
A．studied B．had studied
C．would study D．might have studied
4．（2019·江苏·高考真题）What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we ________ a good time together.
A．had B．will have C．would have had D．had had
5．（2019·天津·高考真题）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ________ the task in half the time.
A．accomplished B．had accomplished
C．would accomplish D．would have accomplished
6．（2019·天津·高考真题）Mary’s description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I there.
A．would be B．might have been
C．would have been D．had been
7．（2016·浙江·高考真题）Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths ________ since their
highest in 2005.
A．had not fallen B．would not fall
C．did not fall D．would not have fallen
8．（2016·北京·高考真题）Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week If you ________ me, I could have helped.
A．told B．had told
C．were to tell D．would tell
9．（2015·重庆·高考真题）Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written
C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written
10．（2015·江苏·高考真题） It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A．did I know B．have I known
C．do I know D．had I known
二、 命题演练
1．（2024 高三·全国·专题练习）This printer is of good quality. If it break down within the first year, we would repair
it at our expense.
2．（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习） (be) I a bird, I would fly to see you at once.
3.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）She would be much healthier now she not burdened herself with that much pressure
from work when young.
4.（24-25 高三·全国·专项训练）The manager gave his command that measures (take) immediately to correct all the
mistakes made in marketing.
5.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）He speaks English so fluently as if he (be) a native speaker.
6.（24-25 高三·全国·专题练习）— Let’s go to see a film.
— Why today. I’d rather we (see) a film tomorrow.
7．（24-24 高三·全国·专项训练）It's high time that we （apply ）ourselves to the task of protecting our environment.
