《高中英语（上外版）》选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Learning about Trade
and Economy
课时：第7课时
课题：Writing
课型：Writing a summary of a problem-solution essay
设计者：
Worksheet
1. Read the essay and find the topic sentence(s) and supporting details of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1: Topic sentences: Supporting details: (1) (2) Paragraph 2: Topic sentence: Supporting details: Paragraph 3: Topic sentence:
2 ． Interactive activity: Read the essay again and discuss with group members to work out the problem and solution in the essay.
Rational People Think at the Margin
Problem _________________________________________________________
Solution _________________________________________________________
Evaluation _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
3 ． List key words ,expressions and sentences that can present the author’s view and try to paraphrase them.
key words ,expressions and sentence patterns Paraphrased versions
minor adjustments ___________________________________________
exceed ___________________________________________
evaluate ___________________________________________
Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. ___________________________________________ __________________________________________
1
People make the best decision by thinking at the margin. ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________
A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefits of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
4 ．Sample version ：Economists use the turn “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. Thinking at the margin helps people make the best decisions. By comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs, individuals can make better decisions.
Checklist for summary writing of a problem-solution essay
( ) 1. Is the problem properly stated
( ) 2. Is the solution properly presented
( ) 3. Is the evaluation clearly stated
( ) 4. Are the key words, expressions and sentences in the essay properly paraphrased
( ) 5. Is the content of the essay accurately stated
( ) 6. Is the content of the essay briefly stated
( ) 7. Is the content of the essay coherently stated
Improvement suggestions:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Polish the summary and share the improved version with the whole class. Improved version:
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. Homework:
1. Write a summary of a problem-solution essay, using the summary writing strategies.
2. Assess the summary with the help of the checklist and make some improvements.
Most of us-even those at the top-struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my
2
clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don't like being watched", “I don't like the eyes on me ” or “I don't like being in the spotlight ”.
To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded
eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators(肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient
fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.
Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an
increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala(扁桃腺）activity, which is
responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.
Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting
with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience's needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you
speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is
exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain, Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.
Possible version:
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3(共13张PPT)
《 高 中 英 语 》 ( 上 外 版 )
选择性必修第四册第二单元
L e a r n i n g ab o ut T r a d e a n d E c o n o my
单元封面
授 课 教 师 ：
课时
授课内容
1
Getting Started/ Reading A
1
Reading A/ Vocabulary Focus
1
Reading A/ Grammar in Use
1.5
Listening, Viewing and Speaking
1
Reading B
0.5
Critical Thinking
1
Writing
1
Further Exploration/ Self-assessment
单元封面
《 高 中 英 语 》 ( 上 外 版 )
选择性必修第四册第二单元
2.根据概要写作策略完成“问题-解决方法”结构的篇章概要写作;
write a summary of a problem-solution essay by referring to related writing strategies;;
3.在老师的帮助下，根据评价指标对概要写作作品进行自 评和互评并且提出建设性的改进意见。
make comments and give suggestions on a summary in terms of A（accuracy）、B（briefness）、C（coherence）with the help of a checklist.
.
学习目标 Learning Objectives：
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to ...
1. 掌握“问题-解决方法”结构的篇章概要写作技巧;
master the basic skills of writing a summary of a problem-solution essay;;
Read and think : What is summary writing
“Directions: Read the following passage, summarize
the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. ”
Paragraph 1: Topic sentences: Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually
involves shades of gray. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action.
Supporting details: (1)At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes.
(2) When exams roll around, your decision is not between blowing them
off and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes instead of watching TV.
Paragraph 2: Topic sentence: In many situations, people make the best decision by thinking at the margin.
Supporting details: Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares…is worthwhile.
Paragraph 3: Topic sentence: A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
Read the essay “Rational People Think at the Margin ” and find
the topic sentence(s) and supporting details of each paragraph.
Rational People Think at the Margin Problem We often face the problem of
how to make small
adjustments to an existing plan.
Solution
People make the best thinking at the margin.
Evaluation A rational decision-maker
takes an action if the marginal benefits of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
Interactive activity: Read the essay again and discuss with group members to work out the problem and solution in the essay.
key words ,expressions and sentence patterns
Paraphrased versions
minor adjustments
small adjustments
exceed
outweigh
evaluate
assess
Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action.
When small adjustments are needed in an existing plan, we often make “marginal changes” .
People make the best decision by thinking at the margin.
Thinking at the margin helps people make the best decisions.
A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefits of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
Only when the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal cost will a rational individual take an action.
List key words ,expressions and sentences that can present the author’s view and try to paraphrase
them.
Write a summary of the essay “Rational People Think at the Margin”, using A（accuracy）、B（briefness）、C （coherence）strategies.
Sample version：Economists use the turn “marginal
changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan
of action. Thinking at the margin helps people make the
best decisions. By comparing the marginal benefits and
marginal costs, individuals can make better decisions.
Checklist for summary writing of a problem-solution essay
( ) 1. Is the problem properly stated
( ) 2. Is the solution properly presented
( ) 3. Is the evaluation clearly stated
( ) 4. Are the key words, expressions and sentences in the essay properly paraphrased
( ) 5. Is the content of the essay accurately stated
( ) 6. Is the content of the essay briefly stated
( ) 7. Is the content of the essay coherently stated
Interactive activity: make comments and give suggestions on a summary in terms of A（accuracy）、 B（briefness）、 C（coherence） with the help of a checklist and the teacher.
Improvement suggestions:
The problem should be clearly stated starting with We often face a problem of…
The evaluation should be added.
Key words, expressions and sentences in the essay should be properly
paraphrased：Economists use the turn “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action can be paraphrased as When small adjustments are needed in an existing plan, we often make “marginal
changes”.
The summary should be developed coherently: problem-solution-evaluation.
Polish the summary and share the improved version with the whole class.
Improved version: We are often faced with a problem of how to
make small adjustments in an existing plan of action. To make the best decisions, we need to think at the margin which involves
comparing marginal benefits with marginal costs. Only when the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal costs will a rational
individual take an action.
Homework
1. Write a summary of a problem-solution essay, using the summary writing strategies.
2. Assess the summary with the help of the checklist and make some improvements.
T h a n k y o u ！《高中英语（上外版）》选择性必修第四册Unit 2 Learning about Trade
and Economy
课时：第7课时
课题：Writing
课型：Writing a summary of a problem-solution essay
设计者：
Worksheet
1. Read the essay and find the topic sentence(s) and supporting details of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1: Topic sentences: Decisions in life are rarely black and white but usually involves shades of gray. Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. Supporting details: (1)At dinner time, the decision you face is not between fasting and eating like a pig, but whether to take that extra spoonful of mashed potatoes. (2) When exams roll around, your decision is not between blowing them off and studying 24 hours a day, but whether to spend an extra hour reviewing your notes instead of watching TV. Paragraph 2: Topic sentence: In many situations, people make the best decision by thinking at the margin. Supporting details: Suppose, for instance, that you ask a friend for advice about how many years to stay in school. If he compares…is worthwhile. Paragraph 3: Topic sentence: A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefit of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
2 ． Interactive activity: Read the essay again and discuss with group members to work out the problem and solution in the essay.
Rational People Think at the Margin
Problem We often face the problem of how to make small adjustments to an existing plan.
Solution People make the best thinking at the margin.
Evaluation A rational decision-maker takes an action if the marginal benefits of the action exceeds the marginal cost.
1
3 ． List key words ,expressions and sentences that can present the author’s view and try to paraphrase them.
key words ,expressions and sentence patterns Paraphrased versions
minor adjustments small adjustments
exceed outweigh
evaluate assess
Economists use the term “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. When small adjustments are needed in an existing plan, we often make “marginal changes” .
People make the best decision by thinking at the margin. Thinking at the margin helps people make the best decisions.
A rational decision-maker takes an action if and only if the marginal benefits of the action exceeds the marginal cost. Only when the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal cost will a rational individual take an action.
4 ．Sample version ：Economists use the turn “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan of action. Thinking at the margin helps people make the best decisions. By comparing the marginal benefits and marginal costs, individuals can make better decisions.
Checklist for summary writing of a problem-solution essay
(N ) 1. Is the problem properly stated
(Y ) 2. Is the solution properly presented
(N ) 3. Is the evaluation clearly stated
(N ) 4. Are the key words, expressions and sentences in the essay properly paraphrased
(N ) 5. Is the content of the essay accurately stated
( Y) 6. Is the content of the essay briefly stated
(N ) 7. Is the content of the essay coherently stated
Improvement suggestions:
The problem should be clearly stated starting with We often face a problem of… The evaluation should be added.
Key words, expressions and sentences in the essay should be properly paraphrased：Economists use the
turn “marginal changes” to describe minor adjustments to an existing plan ofaction can be
paraphrased as When small adjustments are needed in an existing plan, we often make “marginal changes”.
The summary should be developed coherently: problem-solution-evaluation.
5. Polish the summary and share the improved version with the whole class.
Improved version: We are often faced with a problem of how to make small adjustments in an existing plan of action. To make the best decisions, we need to think at the margin which involves comparing marginal benefits with marginal costs. Only when the marginal benefits outweigh the marginal costs will a rational individual take an action.
6. Homework:
1. Write a summary of a problem-solution essay, using the summary writing strategies.
2
2. Assess the summary with the help of the checklist and make some improvements.
Most of us-even those at the top-struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don't like being watched", “I don't like the eyes on me ” or “I don't like being in the spotlight ”.
To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded
eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators(肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient
fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.
Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an
increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala(扁桃腺）activity, which is
responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.
Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting
with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience's needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you
speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is
exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain, Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.
Possible version: Many people have public-speaking anxiety because they fear being watched.
The reason dates back to prehistoric times when humans regarded eyes watching them as those of
the predators that would eat them. To solve the problem, people should be generous to the audience. They should speak directly to the audience’s needs and refocus their brain before speaking.
3
