2025届高考英语二轮复习：书面表达 复习课件(共69张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语二轮复习：书面表达 复习课件(共69张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-09-07 09:42:19 | ||
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(共69张PPT)
书面表达
【高考考情分析】
近几年新高考主要考查：
语言表达能力；
创新思维能力。
【重点知识复习】
一、基本句型奠基
1. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）
My brother is studying.
我弟弟正在学习。
2. 主语+系动词+表语
My English is much better than before. I feel very happy. I am very grateful for your help.
我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感谢你的帮助。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语
Tom met a difficult problem. I found a way and helped him.
汤姆遇到了一个难题。我找到一个方法并帮助了他。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Mr. Smith has taught us English for 3 years. Yesterday was his 50th birthday. Every one of us bought him a present and I even told him an interesting story.
史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买了一个礼物，我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
The old man had a lovely daughter. He named her Lily. He made her very happy every day and wanted her to become an artist.
这个老人有一个可爱的女儿。他叫她莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。
6. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语
I work in a computer firm. Every day I get up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go to work by bike.
我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都早早起床。早饭后，我骑自行车去上班。
7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I took an English exam yesterday. I had prepared for it for two weeks. Before I turned in the paper, I checked it carefully.
昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前，我仔细地检查了一下。
8. There be 句型
There are four teaching buildings, a library and a gym in our school. There are 36 classes in total, and there are 50students on average in each class.
我们学校有四栋教学楼、一个图书馆、一个体育馆。有36个教学班，平均每个班有50名学生。
二、连接过渡整合
连接词与过渡词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的基本手段。在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接（过渡）性词语是非常必要的。写作中常用的过渡性词语归纳如下：
1. 表起始关系的过渡性词语
first of all，to begin/start with，firstly，nowadays，currently，recently，generally (speaking)，these days，with the development of，as far as I know，according to，above all，in one's opinion，by the way，when it comes to…，as sb. know
First of all, let me ask you something.
首先，让我问你一件事。
As far as I know, the tickets are given away free.
据我所知，这些票是免费发放的。
2. 表平行、对等或选择关系的过渡性词语
and，both...and..，as well (as)，neither...nor...，or，either...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...，on the one hand…on the other hand...，for one thing... for another (thing)...
They can neither read nor write.
他们不会读，也不会写。
The outcome depends on conditions as well as how events unfold.
结果取决于条件，还取决于事件的进展。
3. 表递进关系的过渡性词语
what's more，moreover，furthermore，additionally，in addition，also，besides，still，what's worse，to make things/matters worse，worse still，even worse
Worse still, most of these foods are loaded with fat, salt, and chemicals.
更糟糕的是，这些食品中的大多数富含脂肪、盐和化学成分。
The young find everything so simple. The young, moreover, see it as their duty to be happy and do their best to be so.
年轻人觉得每件事都那么简单。而且，他们把幸福视为自己的责任，并努力去实现幸福。
4. 表转折或让步关系的过渡性词语
(al) though，but，while，yet，however，nevertheless，otherwise，despite，instead，on the contrary，in spite of，regardless of，even if/though
It isn't hot; on the contrary, it's cold.
天并不热。正相反，它（天气）很冷。
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。
5. 表解释说明或列举的过渡性词语
for example，for instance，such as，that is，as follows，namely，in other words，and so on，believe it or not，to tell the truth，to be honest，in this/that case，in particular，particularly，specially
The reasons are as follows.
理由如下。
They are concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, for instance.
他们认为做正确的事很重要——比如说，穿着得体。
6. 表因果关系的过渡性词语
because，as，since，for this reason，on account of，thanks to，for the sake of，due to，owing to，as a result，thus，so，therefore，accordingly，consequently，as a consequence (of)
She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.
为了身体健康，她戒了烟。
She retired early on account of/because of/owing to/as a result of ill health.
她由于身体不好而提早退休。
7. 表观点的过渡性词语
in one's opinion/view，from one's point of view，as far as sb. be concerned，as for…，personally
As for us, we are fortunate.
对我们来说，我们是幸运的。
Personally, I prefer the second option.
就我个人而言，我倾向第二种选择。
8. 表总结的过渡性词语
in short/brief/conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general
To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
On the whole, I'm in favour of the idea.
总的来说，我赞成这个想法。
9. 表时间的过渡性词语
开始：at first，at the beginning of，in the beginning，next，shortly after，the next moment
最终：at last，at length，finally，eventually，in the end
同时：at the same time，in the meantime，meanwhile
过去：at that time，before，by that time，earlier，formerly，in the past
现在：at present，presently，right now，nowadays，up to now
Afterwards, we picnicked on the riverbank.
之后，我们在河岸上野餐。
Eventually our flight left five hours late.
我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。
My first novel was rejected by six publishers. In the meantime I had written a play.
我的第一部小说遭到六家出版商的拒绝。其间我又完成了一部戏剧。
10. 表空间的过渡性词语
before，behind，below，beneath，between，beyond，nearby，under，above，over，on the right/left，in (the) front of，in the middle of，at the back of，at the bottom of，opposite to，next to，on one side，on the other side，at the foot/end of
The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.
正确答案在第8页末尾。
He entered by the door opposite to that opening into the garden.
他是从对着通向花园的那个口的门进来的。
三、句型增光添彩
在写作中，要想有效避免句子的单调和呆板，写出丰富、简短、生动的句子，善于句型转化非常重要。常用的句型转化形式有：
1. 用介词或介词短语对祈使句、并列句、状语从句进行转化，可使句子变得简洁。常用的介词（介词短语）有but for，thanks to，in spite of， despite，in the face of，on/upon one's arrival，because of，as well as，such as，by doing 等。
Because he helped me, I accomplished the task on time.
→Thanks to his help, I accomplished the task on time.
2. 使用现在分词对祈使句、并列句、名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化
Go straight and you will see a flower shop.
→Going straight, you will see a flower shop.
As I was lying on the grass, I thought of my brother who was studying abroad.
→Lying on the grass, I thought of my brother studying abroad.
3. 使用过去分词可对并列句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化
He was told many times, but he didn't memorize the rule.
→Told many times, he didn't memorize the rule.
4. 使用不定式可对介词短语、并列句、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句进行转化
The policemen entered the forest in search of the missing boy.
→The policemen entered the forest to search for the missing boy.
5. with的复合结构可对并列句、状语从句进行转化，而独立主格结构也可对并列句或状语从句进行转化
I have a lot of work to do and can't go to Beijing with you tomorrow.
→With a lot of work to do, I can't go to Beijing with you tomorrow.
If weather permits, we will hold the meeting outside.
→Weather permitting, we will hold the meeting outside.
6. 为了增强表意效果，有时可以用倒装句、省略句等特殊句式对常见句式进行转化
I didn't know the result until he told me.
→Not until he told me did I know the result.
→Only when he told me did I know the result.
If I am invited, I will attend the party.
→If invited, I will attend the party.
7. 有时，根据写作的需要，名词性从句和定语从句、并列句和定语从句、名词性从句之间也可以相互转化
He has two sons and both of them are doctors.
→He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
We all know that he is a warm-hearted man.
→As we all know, he is a warm-hearted man.
→What is known to us all is that he is a warm-hearted man.
That different people have different hobbies is natural.
→It's natural that different people have different hobbies.
四、写作基本原则
1. 长短句原则
一个短小精悍的句子，通常可以起到画龙点睛的作用。尤其是当我们把短句放在段首时，它不仅可以承上启下，还可以揭示主题，如：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
由此可见，长短句结合，可以给人抑扬顿挫之感。因此，许多专家建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，这样主体部分定会让人赏心悦目，文章结尾只需用一长一短。
2. 主题句原则
一篇文章的开头（有时也可在结尾）有一个主题句，也就有了中心，然后围绕主题展开相关内容，这样的文章思路清晰，让人一目了然。否则，若把主题隐藏在文章的中间，很可能使读者感到云里雾里，不知所云。
如：To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam.（主题句）Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.开头一句赫然醒目，直接点题。
3. 条理性原则
一般来说，如果一篇文章以第一第二、第三或首先、其次、再次等罗列要点会让人感觉层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑性强。强烈推荐下列关联词和短语：
（1）to begin with，then，furthermore，finally
（2）to start with，next，in addition，finally
（3）first，besides，last but not least
（4）most important of all，moreover，finally
（5）for one thing，for another
（6）on the one hand，on the other hand
4. 短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果正确使用短语，有两个好处：一是用短语会给文章增光添彩，自然会增加得分点；二是学生在考场上有时因为过于紧张而造成思维短路，但还得凑够词数，那么用短语替代单词不失为一种好办法。比如：I cannot bear it.可以表达为：I cannot put up with it.这样词数明显增加，表达也非常准确。
5. 多实少虚原则
写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不能空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们想表达人或事物很好的时候，不应该总用nice这样空洞的词，而是要使用一些诸如generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted，hospitable之类的形容词。
6. 多变句式原则
（1）并列（串联）
我们有时希望自己能写出结构复杂的长句，但又怕写错。要解决这一问题，最保险的写长句的方法是在句子之间加and，但它们之间最好是先后关系或者并列关系。表示并列关系的词还有besides，furthermore，likewise，moreover，not only…but also…等。
（2）转折
用了表示转折的词，可以使文章要点明确，重点突出。表转折关系的词有but，yet，still，however，nevertheless，in spite of，despite等。
（3）因果
文章中使用了表示因果关系的词后，可以让你的句式变得丰富多彩，语言富于变化，更具说服力。表示因果关系的词有so，then，therefore，consequently，as a result，for this reason，so that等。
（4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有时突然出现一个不合乎常理的句子，必然会吸引别人的注意力，显得与众不同。其实就是使用了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句。
（5）附加
定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语的恰当运用，也会让人感觉你既有深厚的语法功底，又具有极强的语言表达能力。
（6）排比
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果要让你的文章更加精彩的话，可以使用多个对偶、多个不定式、多个动词、多个短语等，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势。
7. 挑战极限原则
挑战极限听似很难，但并非高不可攀。在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格之类的句子，因为学生要么想不到，要么怕写错。其实这一语法项目并不难，它只是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求前后主语一致，而独立主格则有自己的逻辑主语。这种句子出现在文章中一定会令人刮目相看，很自然地成了一个得分点。
五、技巧与策略
1. 明确应用文体裁，有的放矢
应用文是为特定目的服务的，写作动因与目的非常明确，写作格式和体例也趋于稳定。语言要突出规范性、严肃性，切忌过分繁琐、铺垫太多，文字既要简洁明了又要把要点概括齐全，针对体裁定位要选用适当的语气和语言。
2. 合理谋篇布局，有效使用语句间的连接成分、较为复杂的句式结构以及高级表达方式
在写作之前，根据逻辑关系对材料的要点进行组合、调整，充分展现考生不拘泥于材料的灵活思维。高考鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的语言结构。较复杂的语言结构通常指以下几种情况：
（1）尽量使用复合句，如在一句中加入定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或表语从句。
（2）使用变化多样的句式，如疑问句祈使句、倒装句、省略句。
（3）使用非谓语动词、强调句型和其他固定句型。
另外，文章中词汇的运用，能够充分体现考生的词汇量和整体英语水平。
3. 平时注重系统、高效的训练，书写训练不容忽视
写作训练要循序渐进，不可能一蹴而就。可以分为词、句、文的训练周期，也可以按照体裁、题材等进行系统训练。另外，应注重选材质量，尽量选择学生熟悉、贴近生活实际且易于学生对写作信息进行输出的材料。
选材时注意内容的简洁性、时态的清晰性、词汇使用的普及性和规范性，选材要有利于培养学生的创新精神。书写训练也是很重要的一个环节，字体优美、卷面整洁，可为习作增光添彩，给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。学生应该在老师的修正下，对作品精雕细刻，多出“精品”，乃至“极品”。
4. 确保写作时间
（1）平时训练不应拖拖拉拉，应限时完成，完成时间通常在20-25分钟；
（2）考试时要提高阅读速度，以确保书面表达有足够的时间高质量地完成。有的老师要求学生在做完完形填空后就做第二卷，最后做阅读，以确保书面表达的时间，这也不失为应试的一种小技巧。
【基本方法技巧】
贴合真实情境；
提升语言表达质量。
假定你是李华，你校航模社团(Model Airplane Club)正在招募新成员，你很感兴趣。请给社团负责人 Mr. Jones 写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 获知消息，申请加入；
2. 自身条及申请目的；
3. 表达期待和感谢。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【典型例题分析】
Dear Mr. Jones,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Mr. Jones,
I am excited to know that the Model Airplane Club is recruiting new members, so I am writing to apply to be one of them.
The reason why I want to join the Model Airplane Club is that I am fond of making airplane models. Besides, I want to make a model with all my skills and technology. Through the handcraft work, I can not only enrich my life experience,
but also learn how to put what I have learned into practice.
As for me, I am a student with enthusiastic and willing to learn new things. So I am eager to become a member of your club. I would appreciate it if you take my application into consideration.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Thank you
书面表达
【高考考情分析】
近几年新高考主要考查：
语言表达能力；
创新思维能力。
【重点知识复习】
一、基本句型奠基
1. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）
My brother is studying.
我弟弟正在学习。
2. 主语+系动词+表语
My English is much better than before. I feel very happy. I am very grateful for your help.
我的英语比以前好多了。我感到非常高兴。我非常感谢你的帮助。
3. 主语+谓语+宾语
Tom met a difficult problem. I found a way and helped him.
汤姆遇到了一个难题。我找到一个方法并帮助了他。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Mr. Smith has taught us English for 3 years. Yesterday was his 50th birthday. Every one of us bought him a present and I even told him an interesting story.
史密斯先生教我们英语已经三年了。昨天是他50岁生日。我们每个人都给他买了一个礼物，我甚至给他讲了一个有趣的故事。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
The old man had a lovely daughter. He named her Lily. He made her very happy every day and wanted her to become an artist.
这个老人有一个可爱的女儿。他叫她莉莉。每天他都让她很高兴并且想让她成为一名艺术家。
6. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）+状语
I work in a computer firm. Every day I get up early in the morning. After breakfast, I go to work by bike.
我在一家电脑公司工作。每天早上我都早早起床。早饭后，我骑自行车去上班。
7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语
I took an English exam yesterday. I had prepared for it for two weeks. Before I turned in the paper, I checked it carefully.
昨天我参加了一场英语考试。我为此准备了两周的时间。在上交试卷之前，我仔细地检查了一下。
8. There be 句型
There are four teaching buildings, a library and a gym in our school. There are 36 classes in total, and there are 50students on average in each class.
我们学校有四栋教学楼、一个图书馆、一个体育馆。有36个教学班，平均每个班有50名学生。
二、连接过渡整合
连接词与过渡词语的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的基本手段。在句与句、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接（过渡）性词语是非常必要的。写作中常用的过渡性词语归纳如下：
1. 表起始关系的过渡性词语
first of all，to begin/start with，firstly，nowadays，currently，recently，generally (speaking)，these days，with the development of，as far as I know，according to，above all，in one's opinion，by the way，when it comes to…，as sb. know
First of all, let me ask you something.
首先，让我问你一件事。
As far as I know, the tickets are given away free.
据我所知，这些票是免费发放的。
2. 表平行、对等或选择关系的过渡性词语
and，both...and..，as well (as)，neither...nor...，or，either...or...，not only...but also...，not...but...，on the one hand…on the other hand...，for one thing... for another (thing)...
They can neither read nor write.
他们不会读，也不会写。
The outcome depends on conditions as well as how events unfold.
结果取决于条件，还取决于事件的进展。
3. 表递进关系的过渡性词语
what's more，moreover，furthermore，additionally，in addition，also，besides，still，what's worse，to make things/matters worse，worse still，even worse
Worse still, most of these foods are loaded with fat, salt, and chemicals.
更糟糕的是，这些食品中的大多数富含脂肪、盐和化学成分。
The young find everything so simple. The young, moreover, see it as their duty to be happy and do their best to be so.
年轻人觉得每件事都那么简单。而且，他们把幸福视为自己的责任，并努力去实现幸福。
4. 表转折或让步关系的过渡性词语
(al) though，but，while，yet，however，nevertheless，otherwise，despite，instead，on the contrary，in spite of，regardless of，even if/though
It isn't hot; on the contrary, it's cold.
天并不热。正相反，它（天气）很冷。
There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。
5. 表解释说明或列举的过渡性词语
for example，for instance，such as，that is，as follows，namely，in other words，and so on，believe it or not，to tell the truth，to be honest，in this/that case，in particular，particularly，specially
The reasons are as follows.
理由如下。
They are concerned to do the right thing—to dress properly, for instance.
他们认为做正确的事很重要——比如说，穿着得体。
6. 表因果关系的过渡性词语
because，as，since，for this reason，on account of，thanks to，for the sake of，due to，owing to，as a result，thus，so，therefore，accordingly，consequently，as a consequence (of)
She gave up smoking for the sake of her health.
为了身体健康，她戒了烟。
She retired early on account of/because of/owing to/as a result of ill health.
她由于身体不好而提早退休。
7. 表观点的过渡性词语
in one's opinion/view，from one's point of view，as far as sb. be concerned，as for…，personally
As for us, we are fortunate.
对我们来说，我们是幸运的。
Personally, I prefer the second option.
就我个人而言，我倾向第二种选择。
8. 表总结的过渡性词语
in short/brief/conclusion, in a word, to sum up, all in all, on the whole, in general
To sum up, there are three main ways of tackling the problem.
概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
On the whole, I'm in favour of the idea.
总的来说，我赞成这个想法。
9. 表时间的过渡性词语
开始：at first，at the beginning of，in the beginning，next，shortly after，the next moment
最终：at last，at length，finally，eventually，in the end
同时：at the same time，in the meantime，meanwhile
过去：at that time，before，by that time，earlier，formerly，in the past
现在：at present，presently，right now，nowadays，up to now
Afterwards, we picnicked on the riverbank.
之后，我们在河岸上野餐。
Eventually our flight left five hours late.
我们的班机最终晚了五个小时起飞。
My first novel was rejected by six publishers. In the meantime I had written a play.
我的第一部小说遭到六家出版商的拒绝。其间我又完成了一部戏剧。
10. 表空间的过渡性词语
before，behind，below，beneath，between，beyond，nearby，under，above，over，on the right/left，in (the) front of，in the middle of，at the back of，at the bottom of，opposite to，next to，on one side，on the other side，at the foot/end of
The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8.
正确答案在第8页末尾。
He entered by the door opposite to that opening into the garden.
他是从对着通向花园的那个口的门进来的。
三、句型增光添彩
在写作中，要想有效避免句子的单调和呆板，写出丰富、简短、生动的句子，善于句型转化非常重要。常用的句型转化形式有：
1. 用介词或介词短语对祈使句、并列句、状语从句进行转化，可使句子变得简洁。常用的介词（介词短语）有but for，thanks to，in spite of， despite，in the face of，on/upon one's arrival，because of，as well as，such as，by doing 等。
Because he helped me, I accomplished the task on time.
→Thanks to his help, I accomplished the task on time.
2. 使用现在分词对祈使句、并列句、名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化
Go straight and you will see a flower shop.
→Going straight, you will see a flower shop.
As I was lying on the grass, I thought of my brother who was studying abroad.
→Lying on the grass, I thought of my brother studying abroad.
3. 使用过去分词可对并列句、定语从句或状语从句进行转化
He was told many times, but he didn't memorize the rule.
→Told many times, he didn't memorize the rule.
4. 使用不定式可对介词短语、并列句、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句进行转化
The policemen entered the forest in search of the missing boy.
→The policemen entered the forest to search for the missing boy.
5. with的复合结构可对并列句、状语从句进行转化，而独立主格结构也可对并列句或状语从句进行转化
I have a lot of work to do and can't go to Beijing with you tomorrow.
→With a lot of work to do, I can't go to Beijing with you tomorrow.
If weather permits, we will hold the meeting outside.
→Weather permitting, we will hold the meeting outside.
6. 为了增强表意效果，有时可以用倒装句、省略句等特殊句式对常见句式进行转化
I didn't know the result until he told me.
→Not until he told me did I know the result.
→Only when he told me did I know the result.
If I am invited, I will attend the party.
→If invited, I will attend the party.
7. 有时，根据写作的需要，名词性从句和定语从句、并列句和定语从句、名词性从句之间也可以相互转化
He has two sons and both of them are doctors.
→He has two sons, both of whom are doctors.
We all know that he is a warm-hearted man.
→As we all know, he is a warm-hearted man.
→What is known to us all is that he is a warm-hearted man.
That different people have different hobbies is natural.
→It's natural that different people have different hobbies.
四、写作基本原则
1. 长短句原则
一个短小精悍的句子，通常可以起到画龙点睛的作用。尤其是当我们把短句放在段首时，它不仅可以承上启下，还可以揭示主题，如：As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
由此可见，长短句结合，可以给人抑扬顿挫之感。因此，许多专家建议：在文章第一段（开头）用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，这样主体部分定会让人赏心悦目，文章结尾只需用一长一短。
2. 主题句原则
一篇文章的开头（有时也可在结尾）有一个主题句，也就有了中心，然后围绕主题展开相关内容，这样的文章思路清晰，让人一目了然。否则，若把主题隐藏在文章的中间，很可能使读者感到云里雾里，不知所云。
如：To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam.（主题句）Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.开头一句赫然醒目，直接点题。
3. 条理性原则
一般来说，如果一篇文章以第一第二、第三或首先、其次、再次等罗列要点会让人感觉层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑性强。强烈推荐下列关联词和短语：
（1）to begin with，then，furthermore，finally
（2）to start with，next，in addition，finally
（3）first，besides，last but not least
（4）most important of all，moreover，finally
（5）for one thing，for another
（6）on the one hand，on the other hand
4. 短语优先原则
写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果正确使用短语，有两个好处：一是用短语会给文章增光添彩，自然会增加得分点；二是学生在考场上有时因为过于紧张而造成思维短路，但还得凑够词数，那么用短语替代单词不失为一种好办法。比如：I cannot bear it.可以表达为：I cannot put up with it.这样词数明显增加，表达也非常准确。
5. 多实少虚原则
写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不能空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们想表达人或事物很好的时候，不应该总用nice这样空洞的词，而是要使用一些诸如generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted，hospitable之类的形容词。
6. 多变句式原则
（1）并列（串联）
我们有时希望自己能写出结构复杂的长句，但又怕写错。要解决这一问题，最保险的写长句的方法是在句子之间加and，但它们之间最好是先后关系或者并列关系。表示并列关系的词还有besides，furthermore，likewise，moreover，not only…but also…等。
（2）转折
用了表示转折的词，可以使文章要点明确，重点突出。表转折关系的词有but，yet，still，however，nevertheless，in spite of，despite等。
（3）因果
文章中使用了表示因果关系的词后，可以让你的句式变得丰富多彩，语言富于变化，更具说服力。表示因果关系的词有so，then，therefore，consequently，as a result，for this reason，so that等。
（4）失衡句（头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重）
有时突然出现一个不合乎常理的句子，必然会吸引别人的注意力，显得与众不同。其实就是使用了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句。
（5）附加
定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语的恰当运用，也会让人感觉你既有深厚的语法功底，又具有极强的语言表达能力。
（6）排比
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果要让你的文章更加精彩的话，可以使用多个对偶、多个不定式、多个动词、多个短语等，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势。
7. 挑战极限原则
挑战极限听似很难，但并非高不可攀。在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格之类的句子，因为学生要么想不到，要么怕写错。其实这一语法项目并不难，它只是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求前后主语一致，而独立主格则有自己的逻辑主语。这种句子出现在文章中一定会令人刮目相看，很自然地成了一个得分点。
五、技巧与策略
1. 明确应用文体裁，有的放矢
应用文是为特定目的服务的，写作动因与目的非常明确，写作格式和体例也趋于稳定。语言要突出规范性、严肃性，切忌过分繁琐、铺垫太多，文字既要简洁明了又要把要点概括齐全，针对体裁定位要选用适当的语气和语言。
2. 合理谋篇布局，有效使用语句间的连接成分、较为复杂的句式结构以及高级表达方式
在写作之前，根据逻辑关系对材料的要点进行组合、调整，充分展现考生不拘泥于材料的灵活思维。高考鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的语言结构。较复杂的语言结构通常指以下几种情况：
（1）尽量使用复合句，如在一句中加入定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、主语从句或表语从句。
（2）使用变化多样的句式，如疑问句祈使句、倒装句、省略句。
（3）使用非谓语动词、强调句型和其他固定句型。
另外，文章中词汇的运用，能够充分体现考生的词汇量和整体英语水平。
3. 平时注重系统、高效的训练，书写训练不容忽视
写作训练要循序渐进，不可能一蹴而就。可以分为词、句、文的训练周期，也可以按照体裁、题材等进行系统训练。另外，应注重选材质量，尽量选择学生熟悉、贴近生活实际且易于学生对写作信息进行输出的材料。
选材时注意内容的简洁性、时态的清晰性、词汇使用的普及性和规范性，选材要有利于培养学生的创新精神。书写训练也是很重要的一个环节，字体优美、卷面整洁，可为习作增光添彩，给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。学生应该在老师的修正下，对作品精雕细刻，多出“精品”，乃至“极品”。
4. 确保写作时间
（1）平时训练不应拖拖拉拉，应限时完成，完成时间通常在20-25分钟；
（2）考试时要提高阅读速度，以确保书面表达有足够的时间高质量地完成。有的老师要求学生在做完完形填空后就做第二卷，最后做阅读，以确保书面表达的时间，这也不失为应试的一种小技巧。
【基本方法技巧】
贴合真实情境；
提升语言表达质量。
假定你是李华，你校航模社团(Model Airplane Club)正在招募新成员，你很感兴趣。请给社团负责人 Mr. Jones 写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 获知消息，申请加入；
2. 自身条及申请目的；
3. 表达期待和感谢。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【典型例题分析】
Dear Mr. Jones,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Mr. Jones,
I am excited to know that the Model Airplane Club is recruiting new members, so I am writing to apply to be one of them.
The reason why I want to join the Model Airplane Club is that I am fond of making airplane models. Besides, I want to make a model with all my skills and technology. Through the handcraft work, I can not only enrich my life experience,
but also learn how to put what I have learned into practice.
As for me, I am a student with enthusiastic and willing to learn new things. So I am eager to become a member of your club. I would appreciate it if you take my application into consideration.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Thank you