牛津深圳版八年级上册Unit 1语法Grammar some和any及复合不定代词讲义（无答案）

Unit 1 Encyclopaedias语法部分
一、any & some的区别
1. some
①some一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些”“几个”，可作形容词，
(1)常修饰可数名词复数，如：I need to buy some apples for my son. 我需要给我儿子买一些苹果。
(2)也可修饰不可数名词，如：I have some money in my pocket. 我口袋里有一些钱。
②在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some。
如：Would you like some coffee 你要不要来点咖啡？(表示建议)
May I have some chocolate？我能吃点巧克力吗？(表示请求)
2. any
①一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示“一些”，可作形容词，
(1)修饰可数名词复数，如：Do you have any questions to ask 你有什么问题要问吗
(2)也可修饰不可数名词，如：Do have any low fat milk left 你这有一些低脂牛奶吗？
(3)在否定句中，强调全部否定，如：I don't like any of the options. 我一点也不喜欢这些选项。
②any在肯定句中，表示任何可能性或选择的情况，强调“任何”
如：You can choose any color you like. 你可以选择任何你喜欢的颜色。
③在条件状语中，表示某个条件成立的情况下，可能会发生的可能性或情况。
如：If there are any problems, please let me know. 如果有任何问题，请让我知道。
随堂练习：用some或any填空。
1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
2. There isn’t_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
3. —Do you have_____picture-books —No, I don’t have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
4. —Is there_____rice in the bag —No, there isn’t_____ .
5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom —No, but there are_____girls in it.
6. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please —No. I’d like_____tea.
7. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
8. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang
9. Can you see_____bikes under the tree
10. There are not ______ boys on the bus.
二、复合不定代词
1.构成
2.区别
(1)something，somebody，someone通常用于肯定句；anything，anyone，anybody通常用于否定句、一般疑问句或条件状语从句中。
如：He found something strange but interesting.（肯定句）他发现了一些奇怪但有趣的东西。
Do you have anything to say （一般疑问句）你有什么要说的吗？
I didn't meet anybody on the island.（否定句）我在岛上没有遇到任何人。
(2)在疑问句中，表示邀请、请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定回答时，用something，somebody，someone.
如：Would you like something to drink 你想喝点什么吗？
Why not ask someone to help you 为什么不请人帮你？
(3)肯定句中，anything在表示“任何事(物)”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”Anything is OK.任何事情都可以。
如：Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。
I would like to do anything for you.我愿意为你做任何事。
(4)someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；
some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。
如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。
---Which toy would you like ---你要那个玩具？
---Any one is OK. ---随便。
(5)no one（=nobody）“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；
none“没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。
如：No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。
None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.
这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。
(6)回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。
如：---Who was late ---谁迟到了？
---No one. ---谁也没有迟到。
---How many pigs do you keep ---你养几头猪？
---None. ---一头也没养。
随堂练习
1._____ gives me more pleasure than cooking delicious food.
A. Everything B. Anything C. Something D. Nothing
2.I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
3.—Do you have ______ to say for yourself
—No, I have ______ to say.
A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing
4.Why not ask ______ to help you
A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none
5.She listened carefully, but heard ______.
A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. nothing
6.This is ________ story that ______of us likes to read it.
A．such an interested ; everyone B．such an interesting ; every one
C．so interesting a ; everyone D．so interested a ; every one
7.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
8.— The exam was difficult, wasn't it
— No，but I don't think______ could pass it.
A. somebody　 B. anybody C. nobody　 D. everybody
3.用法
(1)复合不定代词做主语时，用作单数。
如：Everyone is here.每个人都在这
(2)形容词或 else 与复合不定代词连用时,形容词或else后置。
如：Do you want anything else 你还想要其他的东西吗
I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。
随堂练习
1.He will decide to do ________ to improve his English.
A．something useful B．anything useful C．useful everything
2.—Is there ________in today’s newspaper —No, nothing seems interesting.
A．interesting something B．anything interesting C．interesting anything D．something interesting
3.—How did you like your host family in Sydney
—They were very friendly. They tried to cook ___ for me when I lived there.
A．different anything B．different something C．something different D．anything different
4.Mary is in hospital now, but ________ can stop her learning her lessons.
A．anything B．nothing C．something
5.Everybody has ______ about them. Sometimes they just do not know what it is.
A. nothing great B. great anything C. something great D. great something
6.—Mom, can I have something _________
—Oh, dear. You can only drink some water. There is_________ in the kitchen.
A．to drink.; nothing else B．drinking; something else. C．to eat; something else D．eating; nothing else
7.There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK.
A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing
8.Everything ______ ready. We can start now.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
4.复合不定代词的所有格
(1)含-one和-body等指人的复合代词可有’s的所有格形式。
如：Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.大家的事情没人管。
Is this anybody’s seat 这儿有人坐吗？
(2)除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，’s要加在else后面。
如：Grammar isn’t everybody’s idea of fun.语法不是每个人都认为兴趣的。
That must be somebody else’s coat. It isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。
随堂练习：
1.他拿走了别人的钱包.
2.任何人的手机都应该放在这个盒子里.
注意事项：
①含-body和-one的复合代词只用来指人，含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。
如：Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。
No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。
②含-thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。
如：Are you going to buy anything 你会去买东西吗？
I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。
③“not every–”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。
如：Not everything will go well.并非所有事情都会进展顺利。
④“not any–”和no–均表示全否定.
如：He listened, but heard nothing.
= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.他听着，但什么也没听到。
⑤当句中有little, few, seldom, hardly, never, without等半否定意义的副词、形容词、介词或如too…to等具有否定意义的其它结构时,通常用any系列词项：
如：I seldom eat anything in the evening, because I have to watch my weight.
练习：一.单项选择
1．Mum, I don’t have _________ to play with. Can I have a pet
A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody
2．—Who helped Betty take out the trash just now
—________. She took it out all by herself.
A．Somebody B．Nobody C．Everybody D．Anybody
3．—Did you go ________ last summer holiday
—Yes. I went to Shanghai Disney.
A．somewhere special B．anywhere special C．special somewhere D．special anywhere
4．Kevin is honest, and never tells a lie to ________, whether in the life or work.
A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
5．—Tony can’t find his dictionary.
—Maybe ________ took it away by mistake.
A．someone B．anyone C．everyone D．nobody
6. He was too sad to say ________ when he heard the bad news.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
7．I enjoy playing badminton. When I’m running with a bat in my hand, I don’t worry about ________.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
8．— Linda, who did you go on vacation with
— ________ was free, so I went alone.
A．Everybody B．Anybody C．Nobody D．Somebody
9．—Is ________ here
—Yes. We are all ready.
A．somebody B．neither C．everybody D．none
10．—Did you do _________ fun on your vacation, Tara
—Yes, I did. I went to Sanya.
A．everything B．anything C．nothing
11．—Why are you laughing, Daniel
— There is ________ funny in the e and see.
A．anything B．something C．everything D．nothing
12．I don’t like his speech because I can’t find ________ in it.
A．something boring B．something new C．anything boring D．anything new
13．— Zhong Nanshan, 84, an old expert gave us a lot of advice to fight against the COVID-19.
— You’re right! Many people wrote online that they didn’t trust ________ but him.
A．someone B．everyone C．anyone D．no one
14．—Who is at the door
—A deliveryman( 快递员) or________ wanting to sell his new products.
A．everybody B．anybody C．somebody D．nobody
15．—Have you brought____________ with you We won't have time to comeback.
—Don't worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A．everything B．something C．anything
16．Children, follow your heart and never let _______ steal your dreams.
A．someone B．anyone C．everyone