2025届高三英语二轮复习专题3主旨大意题和猜词题课件(共26张PPT)

(共26张PPT)
阅读理解
主旨大意和词义猜测
教学目标
一、了解主旨大意题的命题趋势和主旨大意题的题型特点
二、了解解题方法及技巧和解题步骤
三、练中找方法，练中用方法
主旨大意题的题型特点
考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
1. 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式
1)What is the main idea of paragraph 1
2)What is the first paragraph mainly about
3)What is the main idea of the text
4)What is the text mainly about
5) The main idea of the passage is …
6) The passage is mainly about …
7) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
2. 标题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式
1)What is /can be /might be the best title for the text
2)Which of the following can /might be the best title for the text
3)What can be a suitable title for the text
主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：
读首句抓大意 读尾句抓大意 在中间抓大意 读首尾段抓大意
3.)主题句隐含在全文中
无主题句则隐含在全文中的明显高频信息词
任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
二、解题方法及技巧
解答主旨要义题的主要方法是寻找主题句。寻找主题句的方法是略读法，即快速浏览首尾段、每段的首尾句，以及表达句段关系的连接性词语，特别是but, however, though (adv.然而), in fact, therefore等。有时，没有体现段落或文章主旨的主题句，我们就要根据文章所述内容进行归纳和概括。
寻找主题句的6个微技能：
(1)表转折的词。段落中出现but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。
(2)表总结的词。如therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。
(3)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
(5)Now（如今）…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。
(6)说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。
如：their studies show that… ，
the experiment shows that…，
scientists/researchers have found that…
或there is evidence suggesting that…中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。
寻找主题句的6个微技能：
核心步骤：
一读(略读)
二找(寻找主题句)
三比较(将主题句或主要内容同各选项比较)
练中找方法，练中用方法
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water...
△ What is the main idea of the paragraph 1
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
段落大意
读首句抓大意
(浙江卷)
Homes today could be built to last just as long as those old homes if people were willing or able to pay the price. For example, more people can no longer afford solid oak stairways, although they were once fairly common in older homes ...
And not only would these carpenters know how to build them, they would probably do a better job than carpenters of old.
△ What does the third paragraph mainly discuss
A. People in the past preferred to use oak to build stairways.
B. It is now expensive to employ a carpenter.
C. Modern houses last as long as the old ones.
D. Good carpenters still exist in modern times.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
读尾句抓大意
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.
△ What is the paragraph mainly about
A. The basic data of the Transition.
B. The advantages of flying cars.
C. The potential market for flying cars.
D. The designers of the Transition.
本段没有表达段落大意的主题句，需要自己归纳
在中间抓大意
文章大意
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other...
◇What is the main idea of the text
A. New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
读首句抓大意
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
◇What is the text mainly about
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.
C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.
D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
读首句抓大意
文章标题
Adults understand what if it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
◇What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Take it or Leave it
B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less
D. The Pleasure of Giving
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
读尾句抓大意
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
◇What is the best title for the text
A. Conversation Counts
B. Ways of Making Small Talk
C. Benefits of Small Talk
D. Uncomfortable Silence
_________________________________________________________________________________________
读尾句抓大意
(2018年全国Ⅰ卷·27)
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
◇What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well for Less
读首句抓大意
How to Deal with the Problems on Reading Comprehension
一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）
1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
Summary:
根据上下文推断单词或短语的含义
阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语，但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力，是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。
每年每套题通常有一个小题，有时会有两个小题，要求考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的含义。这类题的题干常含mean, replace, best explain或refer to四个词语之一。
解答这类题时，需要考生理解划线词语所在句的意思，有时需要理解该句的前一句或后一句的意思，或前后句的意思；也有的需要理解前后一段或几段的意思.要善于根据划线词语所在句内部各分句之间，或该句与上下句或上下段之间的逻辑关系，并结合常识，进行推断。特别是转折关系(but, however, though, fortunately, sadly等)、因果关系(so, because等)或条件与结果的关系。
推断单词的含义
… In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
◇Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2
A. Complex. B. Advanced.
C. Powerful. D. Modern.
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
△ What does the underlined word “displaced” in the paragraph mean
A. Tested. B. Separated.
C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.
取代,替代
测试
分开
追查到
_______________________________________________________________________
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last, in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者)to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
◇Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1？
A. provider B. delivery man
C. collector D. medical doctor
推断短语的含义
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
△ What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. A practical idea. B. A vain hope.
C. A brilliant plan. D. A selfish desire.
My color television has given me nothing but a headache ....
The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
◇Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1
A. ended all their programs
B. provided fewer channels
C. changed to commercials
D. showed all-night movies
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
The CRF's produce is “green”, made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.
◇The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who .
A. are particular about chocolate
B. know little about cocoa beans
C. look down upon others
D. like to try new flavors
______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to
live more with less.
推断句子的含义
◇What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. The more, the better.
B. Enough is enough.
C. More money, more worries.
D. Earn more and spend more.
越多越好
适而可止
越多钱，越忧虑
赚得越多，花得越多
________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Benjamin West ,the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age . But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one .in those days , a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick . Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve . That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
What does the underlined sentence suggest
A. The cat would be closely watched.
B. The cat would get some medical care.
C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
_______________________________________________________
___________________
___________________________________
________________________________________