衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
目录
目录............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
专题 01 语法填空....................................................................................................................................................... 3
专题 02 完形填空..................................................................................................................................................... 44
专题 03 阅读理解 I...................................................................................................................................................86
专题 04 阅读理解 II............................................................................................................................................... 140
专题 05 阅读理解 III.............................................................................................................................................. 202
专题 06 阅读理解 IV..............................................................................................................................................303
专题 07 阅读理解 V............................................................................................................................................... 324
专题 08 阅读填空................................................................................................................................................... 337
专题 09 短文改错................................................................................................................................................... 357
专题 10 书面表达(I、II、III卷模式)..............................................................................................................372
专题 11 新高考应用文写作................................................................................................................................... 398
专题 12 读后续写................................................................................................................................................... 420
专题 13 概要写作................................................................................................................................................... 437
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
专题 1 语法填空
考点 1 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出:高
法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语 语境化特征。
音、词汇、语法、功能和 用知识的掌握情
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
(1)冠词
1. 【全国 II】The plum trees are 70. _____first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化 ). They represent the
promise of spring and a renewal of life.
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【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。序数词前用定冠词修饰。故填定冠词 the。句意:即使雪正在融化,李树还是最先开花的。
2.【海南】The Digital World is a set of volumes to aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help
readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores _____
wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, and discusses the
influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。a range of一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词 a。故填 a。
3.【新课标 I】Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is
increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的 19个北极熊亚种群中”,故填 the。句意:在已知的 19个北
极熊亚种群中,3个数量在下降,6个稳定,1个在增加,其他 9个没有充足数据。
4.【浙江】Everybody wears_____ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。same 是形容词,意思是“相同的”,常与 the连用修饰名词。故填 the。句意:每个人都穿相
同风格的衣服。
5【. 全国Ⅱ】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only
7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。故特指在过去的 25年里。故填 the。句意:玉米产量在过去 25年里增长了近 125%,而大
米只增长了 7%。
6.【全国Ⅲ】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语 at the top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填 the。句意:意想不到的
的是,我面对面地和大猩猩在一起,他们开始以最大的肺活量喊叫。
(2)代词
1.【山东】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ______
(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代 visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填 themselves。
2. 【新课标 I】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help
China decide whether______ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。此处指“它未来的月球基地计划是否可行”,plans是名词,此处应该使用形容词性物主代词 its
起限定作用。
3. 【海南】Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of_______(we)Further
Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词
Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填 our。
4.【北京】I know I will whisper to ______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解析】考查反身代词,此处用作宾语,表示对自己低声说,所以用“myself”。
5.【天津】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are
not.
【答案】those/the ones
【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词
与 the students是对应关系,可以用 the ones或者 those替代。故填 those/the ones。
6.【全国 I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps
we should all give ______a try.
【答案】it或 running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处 give it a try意为:试试。此处 it可以指 running。
故填 it或 running。
7 【全国 III】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语,所以用宾格 them。
8. 【浙江】Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
cheap ______ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查 it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是 it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat out是真正主
语,用 it 是形式主语。故填 it。
(3)介词
1.【新课标 II】Oranges: Orange trees are more ______decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填 than。
2.【新课标 II】Bamboo plants are associated______health, abundance and a happy home.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。associate…with… 意为“把……与……联系起来”,是固定搭配。故填 with。
3.【新课标 III】The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在
世界上”短语为 on earth。故填 on。
4.【山东】Museums must compete______people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for,
意为“为了……竞争”。故填 for。
5【. 浙江】Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived _____,through
agriculture.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前 10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分
析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词 the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在
从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填 in。
6.【新课标 I】Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】of/for
【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作Modern methods的定语,用 of 连接,“methods of
doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for。故填 of/for。
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7.【新课标 III】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ______ dogs,seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填 of。
8.【浙江 8】But can uniforms help improve school standards The answer ______ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……的答案是……”。
故填 to。
9. 【北京】First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
【答案】 in
【解析】 in 考查介词的用法,年份前面应该加介词 in。
10.【全国 III】 I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them
for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配,表示“寻找”,表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大
猩猩。
11. 【浙江】 If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home
______ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭,表示目的用介词 for,故填 for。
【精讲研法】
考点一 冠词、代词、介词等小品词
(1)冠词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】My aunt Carmeleta was _____wife of my mother’s youngest brother Fred. Even though my uncle Fred died
many years ago and Aunt Carmeleta is now married to Ken, I still consider her my aunt.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我的舅妈 Carmeleta是我妈妈最小的弟弟 Fred的妻子。wife此处特指“我妈妈最小的
弟弟 Fred的妻子”,前面应用定冠词。故填 the。
【例 2】In fact, they have become _______ particular threat: A study published in Pediatrics found that they are
responsible for 11 percent of pool drownings among children under 5.
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:事实上,它们已经成为一种特别的威胁:发表在《儿科学》(Pediatrics)上的一项研究
发现,在五岁以下儿童的泳池溺水事故中,有 11%是由它们造成的。此处名词 threat(威胁)表示泛指,应使
用不定冠词修饰,空后单词 particular为辅音音素开头,故填 a。
【例 3】Unlike our own breathing,which does not require any effort,marine mammals must consciously go to the
surface of the water to breathe through a blowhole on top of their heads. Because of this,they don't sleep for _______
solid 8 hours a night like we do.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:他们不会像我们一样每晚睡一个固定的 8个小时。可知,此处泛指睡 8个小时的固
定习惯,solid 首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填 a。
下列情况很可能填不定冠词:
(1)________+可数名词(单数);
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词:
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指);
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Instead, it plays ______ important role when terrible disasters occur and ground-based communications are
blocked.
【答案】an
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:相反,当发生严重灾难以及地面通讯中断时,它发挥着重要的作用。固定短语“play
an important role…”意为“在……中扮演重要角色/在……上发挥重要作用”。故填 an。
【例 2】In fact, it is believed that our athletic skills and language learning skills are located in ______ same area of the
brain and indeed this is how children learn.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:事实上,据认为我们的运动技能和语言学习技能都处于大脑的同一个区域。the same
是固定搭配,“同样的.”。故填 the。
(2)代词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】The concept of the crossbow(弩)developed from animal traps. _______ is difficult to establish the date of the
first development of the crossbow as a weapon.
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【答案】It
【解析】考查 it作形式主语。句意:很难确定首先把弩发展成武器的日期。根据句意和句子结构可知,此处是
固定句型:It is + adj. + to do sth.“做某事是......”,其中 it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语。故填 It。
【例 2】I learned not everyone is going to like you and that’s OK. Just be ______(you).
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意:做你自己。此处用所给词的反身代词形式作 be的表语,表示“你自己”应用反身代词
yourself。故填 yourself。
【例 3】Being healthy people, we are so lucky that we should value what we own and try _________(we) best to live a
meaningful life. Don’t you think so
【答案】our
【解析】考查代词。句意:作为一个健康的人,我们是如此的幸运,我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的,并尽最大努
力过上有意义的生活。“try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事”是固定短语。故填 our。
规律方法 2: 如何判断空格处应填代词?
(1)无提示词。
(2)作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
(3)指示代词(it和 this),不定代词,it用作引导词,反身代词等。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】You give ______ (you) no choice but to learn it and every reason to learn it well!
【答案】yourself
【解析】考查代词。句意:你除了学它,并且学好它,别无选择。空处作 give的宾语,根据句意可知此处表示
“你自己”。故填 yourself。
【例 2】Scientists often compare coral reefs to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals
are animals. The soft organs inside the hard parts of corals are naturally transparent and get ________(they) famously
brilliant color from algae(藻类)living inside them.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:珊瑚中硬体部分中的软器官是天然透明的并且从生活在他们体内的藻类中得到著名
的绚烂颜色。根据句子结构可知,此处修饰名词 color,故使用形容词性物主代词形式。故填 their。
3、介词
【例 1】When my husband Bill met Aunt Carmeleta ______the first time, he questioned, “How could anyone be so nice
and so real ”
【答案】for
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衡水英语 2022届——英语一本通高分手册
【解析】考查介词。句意:当我丈夫比尔第一次见到 Carmeleta 阿姨时,他问:“怎么会有人这么善良,这么真
实呢?”结合句意表示“第一次”可知短语为 for the first time。故填 for。
【例 2】It is the earliest traditional etiquette of the Han nationality in China to offer tea ________guests.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:用茶水招待客人是中国汉族最早的传统美德和礼仪。offer sth. to sb.意为“给某人提供
某物”,为固定搭配。故填 to。
【例 3】 Learning a foreign language can be fun, and the friendly atmosphere of a language class will also provide you
_______ the opportunity to meet new people with common interests.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词/固定搭配。句意:语言课的友好氛围也会让你有机会结识志同道合的新朋友。短语 provide sb
with sth表示“给某人提供某物”,故填 with。
规律方法 3:如何判断空格处应填介词?
(1)无提示词:注意搭配问题。
(2)与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等。
(3)与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化),but they're _______ risk-essentially immunocompromised(免疫
功能低下)-and many eventually starve and die, turning a dark brown.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意:珊瑚白化时还活着,但他们处于危险中——主要是免疫功能不全——许多最终饿死
和死掉,变成深棕色。固定搭配 at risk,意为"处于危险中"。故填 at 。
【例 2】He made a poster to show his cause and couldn’t wait to get started on his walk the next day when he arrived
home _____ kindergarten.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意:他制作了一张海报来表达自己的诉求,第二天从幼儿园回到家时,他就迫不及待地
开始步行。根据句意,“从某地回来”用介词 from。故填 from。
考点 2 连接词
【构建知识体系】
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【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出:高
法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语 语境化特征。
音、词汇、语法、功能和 用知识的掌握情
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点二 连接词
(1)并列连词
1.【山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】They kept their collection at home until it got too big _____ until they
died, and then it was given to a museum.
【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给
一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词 or:或者。故填 or。
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2.【海南省高考英语试卷(新高考全国 II卷)】Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material, explains the
basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, _______discusses the influences they have on everyday life.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了
他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系,所以用连词 and。故填 and。
(2)状语从句的连接词
【全国 III 卷】Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. _____he asked the villagers on the banks of the
river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
【答案】When/As
【解析】考查状语从句。此处是时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,可用 when或 as。位于句首时首字母需要大写。
(3)名词性从句的连接词
1.【新课标 I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and
as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为 there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,
解释说明中心词 evidence的内容,故填 that。
2.【北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ______ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,
表示地点,作状语。故用 where。
3.【浙江】Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on _____could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多
地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句
意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。
(4)定语从句的关系词
1【. 新高考 I卷山东卷】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the
British Museum ______ opened in 1759.
【答案】which/that
【解析】考查定语从句。此处是 which/that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 the British Museum,并在定语从句中充当
主语。
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2.【新高考 II卷海南卷】The Digital World is a set of volumes _____aim to describe how digital systems influence
society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的
本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为 volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词 which或 that
引导。故填 that/which。
3.【新课标Ⅲ卷】In ancient China lived an artist ______paintings were almost lifelike.
【答案】whose
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist,
且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词 whose。故填 whose。
4. 【新课标 I卷】Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a
satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词是 spot,且引导词在定语从句中
作地点状语,故填关系副词 where。
5【. 新课标 II卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,______ she opened
with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为 the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened
一词的宾语,故用 which。
6.【新课标 III卷】They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先
行词为 masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填 who。
7.【浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是 cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用 that
或 which引导。故填 that/which。
8.【北京卷】The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
【答案】who/that
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【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词 those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填 who或 that。
9. 【全国 I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014______showed a mere five to 10
minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that \which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处 a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填 that或 which。
10.【全国 II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing
program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million
tons.
【答案】 that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词 gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代 program并且引导后面的
句子。指物用 that/which,故填 that或者 which。
11. 【浙江卷】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize
how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是 westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词 who/that
引导,故填 who/that。
(5)特殊句式中的连词
暂无
【精讲研法】
考点二 连接词
(1)并列连词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Grandpa Amu insists that he isn't an internet celebrity(名人) ______ just an ordinary farmer.
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。句意:阿木爷爷坚持说他不是一个网红,而只是一个普通的农民。根据句意,此处是
并列结构 not… but“不是……而是”。故填 but。
【例 2】When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, they end their interdependent relationship
with this algae, typically forcing them out ______turning white, though one recent study indicates some corals turn a
bright neon color when stressed. Corals are still alive when they bleach(白化),but they're at risk-essentially
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immunocompromised(免疫功能低下)-and many eventually starve and die, turning a dark brown.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:当珊瑚遭受到高温或污染,他们结束和藻类的共生关系,迫使藻类离开,珊瑚褪变
成白色。连接两个并列的现在分词形式 forcing和 turning,且意义表顺接,应使用并列连词 and。故填 and。
【例 3】In Southern China, people tend to eat longans on the day. They believe the fruit can bring good luck, make
people stay calm ______ cure some typical conditions.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们相信水果可以带来好运,使人们保持冷静和治疗一些典型病症。结合前后文语
境可知上文“bring good luck, make people stay calm”与后文“cure some typical conditions”为并列关系,应用连词
and。故填 and。
规律方法:下列情况很可能填并列连词(and;but;or):
(1)前面一个句子________一个句子;
(2) 一个或多个句子成分________一个句子成分。
(3)句型 both..and…;not…but…;either…or…;not only…but (also)…
【变式精讲】
【例 1】The crossbow had the advantage of not only sending an arrow with enough force to cut through body armo(r 盔
甲)________its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen.
【答案】but
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲,而且还在于它的箭很短,
弓箭手无法反击。根据句意可知,此处是固定搭配 not only ...but (also)...“不但......而且”,其中 also 可省。故填
but。
【例 2】"It definitely still seems to be unusual,______ at the same time it is not completely unexpected, "he added.
【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意:它看起来确实仍然不同寻常,但同时它不是完全不可意料。结合句意可知,空前后
是转折关系,应使用 but连接。故填 but。
(2)状语从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Wide-ranging in their scope, they include aspects such us: providing cycling training to children and adults
______ they want it, developing a network of protected bike routes, and creating "low-traffic neighborhoods."
【答案】if/ when
【解析】考查连词。句意:他们的范围很广,如果孩子和成年人想要的话,可以提供骑车训练。分析句子的成
分可知:设空处应为连词引导从句;结合句意,设空处可表示时间也可表示条件。故答案为 if/ when。
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【例 2】Your everyday life is lived in that language, _______ it is peeling the potatoes or feeding the cat! The exchange
is natural and meaningful.
【答案】whether
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:你的日常生活就是在这种语言中过的,无论是在削土豆还是在喂猫。句中
whether...or...是固定搭配,“无论是...还是...”,引导让步状语从句。故填 whether。
【例 3】It was a natural step to turn his skills into an opportunity to make all kinds of toys for his young grandson, and
it was not long _______ his son and daughter-in-law decided to video Wang's efforts.
【答案】before
【解析】考查从属连词。句意:不久之后,他的儿子和儿媳决定用视频记录王所付出的努力。此处是句型 It was
not long before…“没过多久……”,before引导时间状语从句。故填 before。
规律方法: 如何判断空格处应填状语从句的连词?
(1)无提示词。
(2)在从句中不作成分。
(3) 主从复合句的连接词:如果两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。
(4)常根据句意填出连词。
【变式精讲】
1.______ we will be saying Farewell to our students, this is not the same as saying Goodbye.
【答案】Although/While/Though
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:虽然我们要与我们的学生告别,但这并不等同于说再见。根据句意以及句中“...this
is not the same as…”可知主从句存在让步关系,故此从句为让步状语从句且本句非倒装结构,故空格处可选的引
导让步状从的连词有“though/although/while”。故填 Although/While/Though。
2.Pets add so much to people's lives ______you will not be disappointed to have a fur baby in your home.
【答案】that
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:宠物为人们的生活增添了如此多的东西,所以你应该不会因为家里有个毛茸茸
的小东西而感到失望。根据句意可知,此处考查 so…that…“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句,故填 that。
(3)名词性从句的连接词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Another advantage of learning a language is _______ it will help you understand the culture of the country
you are visiting.
【答案】that
【解析】考查表语从句引导词。句意:学习一门语言的另一个好处是它会帮助你了解你要去的国家的文化。分
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析句子可知这是系动词 is后接表语从句,从句内容、成分完整,使用 that引导从句不可省略,故填 that。
【例 2】That is_______we should learn from them.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:这是我们应该向他们学习的。分析句子结构可知,空格处缺关系词,引导表
语从句,从句中谓语动词 learn后面缺少宾语,应使用 what,指代“学习的东西”。故填 what。
【例 3】Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable _______ she looks so perfect after a long
day of work in the fields.
【答案】that
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:有些人表示怀疑,因为在野外工作了一天之后,她看起来如此完美,这令人难
以置信。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里含有一个主语从句,it为形式主语,真正的主语为空格处引导的从句,
从句不缺成分,且意义完整,故应用 that引导从句。故填 that。
规律方法:如何判断空格处应填名词性从句的连接词?
(1)无提示词:注意 that和 whether在名词性从句中不作成分,whether有“是否”的意思。
(2)注意 what在名词性从句中的选择,其在从句中作成分,通常作主语,宾语或表语。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】They approved a report that appeared in the publication Bioscience earlier this month. It warns ______ the
world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and lasting shifts in human activities that influence
climate change.
【答案】that
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:它警告说,如果不对影响气候变化的人类活动做出深刻和持久的转变,世界将
面临“难以言表的人类痛苦”。________ the world would face "untold human suffering" if it does not make deep and
lasting shifts in human activities that influence climate change.是一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,也
没有实际意义,用 that引导该从句,所以填 that。
【例 2】Some of the most famous scientists in history have shown that curiosity about the world around them. Charles
Darwin, for example, conducted _______he called “fool’s experiment.”
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意:例如,查尔斯·达尔文进行了他所谓的“傻瓜实验”。根据句意和结构可知,
动词 conducted后面是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,用 what引导。故填 what。
(4)定语从句的关系词
【做题实践中找规律】
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【例 1】I’ve never forgotten Aunt Carmeleta’s advice “Just be yourself.” We need more people in this world
_______give great advice and are kind and caring like Aunt Carmeleta.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在这个世界上,我们需要更多像卡梅莱塔舅妈那样的人,他们能给我们好的建
议,又善良又有爱心。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 people,且先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故用 who引导定
语从句。故填 who。
【例 2】The researchers wrote two versions of their letter, both of _______ were asking for a donation to help with
community activities. But the words were different.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:研究人员写了两个版本的信,都是请求捐款来资助社区活动。分析句子可知,
空格处引导定语从句,现行词是 two versions of their letter,从句中作介词宾语,指物,用关系代词 which,故填
which。
【例 3】The saying “gentleman’s friendship is as light as water”, _______water refers to tea, indicates a kind of deep
friendship.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:俗话说“君子之交淡如水”,在这里水指的是茶,表示一种深厚的友谊。分析句
子结构可知,该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词The saying为表示抽象地点的名词,且从句water refers
to tea 中缺乏状语,此处用关系副词 where。故填 where。
规律方法:什么时候填定语从句的关系词?
(1)先判断是定语从句。
(2)找准先行词,看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分,然后断定填关系词。
(3)注意 which引导的定语从句,常常指代前面整个句子的内容,没有确定的先行词。
(4)注意 as引导的定语从句。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】Inside your home, be sure to empty containers with water, fix locks on toilets, and stay with your child during
bath time. Any body of water demands serious consideration, _______ must be brought to your attention.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:任何水体都需要认真考虑,必须引起你的注意。分析句子可知这是一个非限制
性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子所表示的内容“任何水体都需要认真考虑”,从句缺少主语,所以用 which
引导从句。故填 which。
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【例 2】According to IBM, it is the first machine ______ can debate complicated topics with humans.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:根据 IBM的说法,它是第一台可以与人类讨论复杂话题的机器。_____ can debate
complicated topics with humans是定语从句,此处先行词在定语从句中做主语,而且先行词前有序数词“the fist”,
故此处只能用关系代词 that。故填 that。
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考点 3 动词的时态、语态和语气
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出:高
法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语 语境化特征。
音、词汇、语法、功能和 用知识的掌握情
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
语法填空
1.(海南卷)Readers ______(encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of our Further
Resources section featured in each volume.
【答案】are encouraged
【解析】考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语 Readers
与 encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填 are encouraged。
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2.(新课标 I卷)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess ______ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南
极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语 last week可知应使用一般过去时,故填 touched。
3.(新课标 I卷)"This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, "because it
_______ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon _____ (construct) ."
【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters说:“因
为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用
一般现在时,主语是 it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式 means,故填 means。
【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语 construct与
主语 the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语 the moon是单
数,故填 is constructed。
4.(新课标 II卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _____ (carry) special significance.
【答案】carries
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知,空处为从句谓语,且从句主语是动名词短语,故用单数形式,且
与主句的 is呼应,故用一般现在时。故填 carries。
5.(新课标 III卷)The artist was sure he would______(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s
chief minister, the old man laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。
本句中主语 he与谓语动词 choose构成被动关系,且 would后跟动词原形。故填 be chosen。
6.(新课标 III卷) _When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传
奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河
的下游。根据上文 they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填 pointed。
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7.(浙江卷)And,as more children were born,more food ______(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和 need之间表
示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不
可数名词。故填 was needed。
8.(浙江卷)By about 6000 BC,people ____(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前 6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分
析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。
by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 had discovered.
9.(浙江卷)New methods ______ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时
态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所
以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填 meant。
10.(山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (form) the core collection of the
British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯 斯隆爵士的 8万件藏品构成了 1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语 in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填 formed。
11.(山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public ______ (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用,应
使用一般现在时;主语与 call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填 are called。
12.(全国 I卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _____ (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填 have
reported。
13.(全国 II卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene ______(declare) she had no plans to retire
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from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】declared
【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为 Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文 had 以及 said 可知
用一般过去时态,故填 declared。
14.(全国 III卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and _____(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,
and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物
和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填 recommended。
15.(浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ______ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是 when引导的时间状语
从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时 will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,
本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是 nobody,谓语用 has。故填 will have/has。
16.(浙江卷)One study in America found that students' grades _____ (improve) a little after the school introduced
uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是 after引导
的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填 improved。
17.(全国 I 卷)While running regularly can't make you live forever,the review says it ______(be) more effective at
lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
【答案】 is
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时
态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句中的主语为 it,故用 is。
18.(全国 II卷)Since 2011, the country ______ (grow) more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语 Since 2011可知,此空应用现在完成时。
19. ( 全 国 II 卷 ) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government
______(start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer
use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
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【答案】started
【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填 started。
20.(全国 III 卷)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel
______(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查时态。 此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战”,主语 he和 challenge
构成被动关系,故填 challenged。
21.(全国 III卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal ______ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。
22.(浙江卷) I still remember visiting a friend who'd lived here for five years and I _____(shock) when I learnt she
hadn't cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我感到很震惊”,shock与主语 I为被动关系,同时根据后
面的 learnt可知,时态为一般过去时,所以填 was shocked。句意:我还记得访问过一个住在这里 5年的朋友,
当我知道她在这段时间里没有煮过一次饭的时候,我很震惊。
23. (浙江卷) While regularly eating out seems to ______(become) common for many young people in recent years,
it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语 in recent years 可知用现在完成时,seems to 后用动词原形,故填 have
become。
【精讲研法】
考点三 动词的时态、语态和语气
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】On the other hand, a person who makes eye contact with another person _______(think) to be confident and
bold and courage is always considered a good quality!
【答案】is thought
【解析】考查时态和语态。本文讲的是事实,时态用一般现在时,主语是 a person(定语从句 who makes eye contact
with another person修饰名词 a person),主语 a person和谓语动词 think是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语
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态(am/is/are done),主语是单数,谓语也用单数。故填 is thought。
【例 2】Historically, bamboo, wood or wire ______ (be) used for the frame. The shade was made from delicate paper or
silk. Lanterns were often decorated with Chinese calligraphy, painting and paper suiting.
【答案】was
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“Historically”可知,本句描述历史上的状况,谓语要用一般过去时时
态 was/were,主语“bamboo, wood or wire”为 or连接的三个名词,谓语的数要遵循就近原则,wire是单数形式,
所以谓语也需用 was体现单数。故填 was。
【例 3】 Since then, the Indian government ______ (declare) 16 no-selfie zones across Mumbai, warning people
themselves taking unnecessary risks.
【答案】has declared
【解析】考查时态。分析句子可知,设空处是句子谓语动词,根据上文的 since then判断为现在完成时,主语 the
Indian government是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,故填 has declared。
【例 4】For example in a 12-minute video, she, at first, pushed garlic parts into the farm land outside her home; in the
next few minutes, with the sprouts growing, they reached up towards the sky when she _______ (begin) to cook.
【答案】began
【解析】考查时态。句意:当她开始做饭时,蒜苗向天空伸展。空前的“reached”表明陈述的是过去的事情,应
该用一般过去时,故填 began。
【例 5】Healthy environment not only keeps the nature’s balance but ________ (help) in growing and developing all the
living things on the earth.
【答案】helps
【解析】考查时态。此处缺少谓语动词,讲的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语 Healthy environment是单数,
谓语也用单数,应用 helps,本句由 not only…but (also)连接两个谓语动词,keeps和 helps是谓语。故填 helps。
【例 6】In 2017, a survey ______ (conduct) to find out how funding cuts affected museums. The survey stated that
“many publicly-funded museums are facing a funding crisis.”
【答案】was conducted
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处缺乏谓语动词,由时间状语 In 2017 可知,该句使用过去时,而主语 a survey
与谓语动词 conduct是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语 a survey 是单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填
was conducted。
规律方法:如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气?
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法,
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等,通常用一般现在时。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】So far, the master carpenter, ______(attract) over 1.18 million subscribers on YouTube. Grandpa·Amu insists
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that he is not an internet celebrity but just an ordinary farmer.
【答案】has attracted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,这位木匠大师已经在 YouTube上吸引了超过 118万的订阅者。根
据时间状语“so far”可知,此句应用现在完成时,主语为“The master carpenter”,是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单
数形式。故填 has attracted。
【例 2】According to the schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other ______ (happen)
on July 1st.
【答案】happened
【解析】考查时态。句意:根据 NASA提供的时间表,第一次太空行走发生在 6月 26日,另一次发生在 7月 1
日。此处是 and连接的两个简单句,前一个分句使用的是一般过去时,结合“on July 1st”可知,此处也用一般过
去时,故填 happened。
【例 3】Described as a “left-behind girl” by Chinese media, Zhong ______ (raise) by her grandparents after her parents
left their hometown to work for years in Guangzhou.
【答案】was raised
【解析】考查被动语态和时态。句意:钟被中国媒体形容为“留守女孩”,在父母离开家乡到广州工作多年后,
她由祖父母抚养长大。主语 Zhong和 raise之间是被动关系,该句应用被动语态。且由上下文可知,该句描述的
是过去的事情,应用一般过去时态,主语 Zhong是第三人称单数。故填 was raised。
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考点 4 非谓语动词
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出:高
法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语 语境化特征。
音、词汇、语法、功能和 用知识的掌握情
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
考点四 非谓语动词
1(. 新课标 I卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the
South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此
处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填 to find。
2. (新课标 II卷)They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.
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【答案】 to care。
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。
故填 to care。
3. (新课标 III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发
去做某事”短语为 set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。
4. (浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.
【答案】 to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动
词 gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填 to change。
5.(新课标 II卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent,
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词 earth与 come back to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填 coming。
6. (新课标 II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中 them
指代前句中的 orange trees,与 decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 decorated。
7. (新课标 III 卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the
mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】 surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子
结构可知,the soft clouds (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语
动词形式,与逻辑主语 clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填 surrounding。
8.(山东新高考 ) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟 ) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
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【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living 是并列成分,共同做 imagine 的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象
某人做某事”。故填 walking。
9. (浙江卷语)Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas, _________
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】 making
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的
洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make 所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语 they
之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填 making。
10. (新课标 II卷)They represent the earth ______ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为 represent,
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词 earth与 come back to之间为主动关系,所以动名词的复合结构。故填 coming。
12.(山东新高考 ) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟 ) and imagine
themselves living at a different time in history or ______(walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】 walking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与 living 是并列成分,共同做 imagine 的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象
某人做某事”。故填 walking。
13.(全国 I卷)Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极熊的现代方法只
是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的,故此处用 to perform。
14(. 全国 III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take
_____ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句中的 would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子,wondering后的句子不缺谓语,此处应
填非谓语动词,故填 to get。
15.(浙江高考)But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.
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【答案】to wear
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事,这是 want的固
定用法。故填 to wear。
16. (北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
【答案】facing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析
句式可知,此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是 I,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分
词作状语。故填 facing。
17.(全国 II卷)When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知,此处用现在分词形式 saying作后置定语,解释名词
call的内容,call与 say是主动关系,故填 saying。
18.(全国 III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore under the stars,_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”,所以 70题空格处动词 listen 应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐
这个动作是由 we发出的,所以选用现在分词形式。也可由 and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题,and后
meeting interesting locals为分词形式,故空格处填 listening。
19(. 浙江高考)When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分,根据 or前的 walking可知,此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
20(. 全国 I卷)Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填 noting。
21.(全国 II 卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time
employee-still working 40 hours a week.
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【答案】being
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填 being。
22(. 浙江高考)When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see
them.
【答案】cycling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连
接两个并列成分,根据 or前的 walking可知,此处要用 cycling。故填 cycling。
23. 【全国 II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______
(improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词
是 encourages,故 improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填 to improve。
24. 【全国 III】 Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定短语 allow sb to do允许某人做某事,应该用 to stay。
25.【全国 II】That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting
its environment while ______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers
worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政
策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while 后面省略掉了 China is,省略句的原则:在
时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有 be动词时,那么
可以把主语和 be动词一块省略。故填 feeding。
26. 【全国 III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel________(challenge).
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动词。动词 avoid后要加 doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表
示“被挑战”,用过去分词 challenged。
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27. 【全国 I】You don't have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still
reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处 of是介词,其后用
动名词。故填 dying。
28. 【全国 III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel challenged.
【答案】looking
【解析】考查动名词。动词 avoid后要加 doing作宾语。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用 looking。
29. 【浙江】 I still remember ______ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt
she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查动名词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友,表示记得做过某事用 remember doing
sth.,故填 visiting。
【精讲研法】
考点四 非谓语动词
【做题实践中找规律】
【例 1】Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government reoccupied the
Headquarters-Presidential Palace for ______ (govern) the Republic of China.
【答案】governing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:1945年日本投降后,蒋介石的国民政府重新占领了中华民国国民政府总部
——总统府,为了统治中华民国。分析句子可知,句子的谓语是 reoccupied,govern 作介词 for的宾语,用动名
词,故填 governing。
【例 2】The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world’s teens don’t get enough exercise to live
healthy lives. The report, which was published in The Lancet in , was based on research done with students ______(age)
11 to 17 in 146 different countries.
【答案】aged
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:基于对 146个国家 11至 17岁学生的研究,该报告于年发表在《柳叶刀》上。
根据句意和句子结构,这里用 age 的过去分词,形成分词短语 aged 11 to17,作后置定语表示:来自 146个不同
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国家的年龄 11至 17岁的生。故填 aged。
【例 3】AWeibo user remarked, “Li’s success lies in her passion for life.” Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for
giving me an opportunity_____ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”
【答案】to appreciate
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do
sth.”,意为“一个做某事的机会”,appreciate 意为“欣赏”,动词词性,to后接动词原形。故填 to appreciate。
【例 4】Food items themselves have meaning _____(attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate
would be viewed as an appropriate gift.
【答案】attached
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:食物本身也有其自身的意义。attach与其逻辑主语 meaning 构成被动关系,
应用其过去分词作宾补。故填 attached。
【例 5】Because people and food are mobile, _____(try) to define a country’s culture by what they eat is often
inaccurate.
【答案】trying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:因为人和食物都是流动的,试图通过人们吃什么来定义一个国家的文化往往
是不准确的。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动名词短语作主语。故填 trying。
【例 6】The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, ______ (know) as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been
considered as the modern-day Lu Ban.
【答案】known
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在 YouTube上人称“阿木爷爷”的中国木工大师王德文被认为是现代鲁班。短
语 be known as“作为……而为人所知”;句子主语Wang Dewen和 know之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分
词短语作后置定语;know是不规则变化动词,过去分词为 known。故填 known。
【例 7】His most popular video, which shows him making a fantastic wooden arch bridge, rose to fame on the platform,
_______ (gain) more than 42 million views.
【答案】gaining
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他最受欢迎的视频是展示他在制作一座奇妙的木拱桥的视频,该视频在该平
台上一举成名,获得了超过 4200万次的点击量。His most popular video与 gain 在逻辑上是主动关系,此处用现
在分词 gaining 作状语,表示补充说明。故填 gaining。
【例 8】China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools ______(lead)
youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE).
【答案】to lead
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中主谓宾结构完整,所填词为非谓语动词,此处表示目的,用动词不定式,故填
to lead。
【例 9】This is the first time a large group of scientists have jointly(共同地) used the word "emergency" when ______
(talk) about climate change."
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【答案】talking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这是第一次一大群科学家在谈论气候变化时联合使用“紧急情况”一词。分析
句子结构,when ________ (talk) about climate change.是分词作时间状语,talk 与其逻辑主语 a large group of
scientists之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填 talking。
【例 10】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One
option is _______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语,是对主语 option
的解释说明,用不定式或动名词均可。故填 to create/creating。
规律方法:如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连
词来引导,如果句子中出现了连词,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连词,则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑
上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动。非谓语动词作状语时,
其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主
语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非
谓语动词都具有以下特点:
1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词;
2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示动词发生的时
间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间是一个相对时间,即相对于
谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时间的含义。如 to have done,having done
表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生;to be doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
【变式精讲】
【例 1】The scientists appealed to nations _______ (use) energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.
【答案】to use
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:科学家们呼吁各国提高能源使用效率,减少化石燃料的使用。表示“为了提高
能源使用效率”,用不定式作目的状语,所以填 to use。
【例 2】I got tired of studying and finally I refused to attend class, _______(shut) myself in my room for hours.
【答案】shutting
【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知,句子的谓语动词是 refused,shut用非谓语动词形式,作状语,句子主
语和 shut之间是主动关系,应使用现在分词作状语,故填 shutting。
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【例 3】The crossbow had the advantage of not only______(send) an arrow with enough force to cut through body
armor(盔甲)but its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen.
【答案】sending
【解析】考查动名词。句意:弩的优势不仅在于可以射出足够力量的箭来刺穿盔甲,而且还在于它的箭很短,
弓箭手无法反击。分析句子可知,此处应用 send的动名词 sending作为介词 of的宾语。故填 sending。
考点 5 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
【构建知识体系】
【命题解读】
新课标 要求 命题评价解读
《普通高中英语课程
语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语
标准(实验)》明确指出:高
法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变
中学生应该学习和掌握的 考查考生对
形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和
英语语言基础知识包括语 语法、词汇和语 语境化特征。
音、词汇、语法、功能和 用知识的掌握情
况。
话题等五个方面的内容(教
育部)。
【剖析全国高考真题】
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考点五 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
1.(新课标 I 卷)The far side of the moon is of particular ______(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep
craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词 particular可知,空处应填名词,
interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填 interest。
2.(新课标 II卷)Chinese New Year is a ______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of
spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词 a 后接名词形式。故填
celebration。
3.(新课标 I卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is ______(extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词 challenging,应使用 extreme
的副词形式,故填 extremely。
4.(新课标 II卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and
office._______(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有改
变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填 Certainly。
5.(新课标 II 卷) The_______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾 ) make fantastic
decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词 branches,用形
容词形式。故填 beautiful。
6.(新课标 III卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and
present their _________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们
最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级
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finest。故填 finest。
7.(新课标 III卷)As the small boat moved, _______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains
being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词 moved
应用副词 gently作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填 gently。
8.(山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects
and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在 18和 19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词 people,
应使用形容词,做定语。故填 wealthy。
9. 【全国 III】When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting
______(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.
【答案】competition
【解析】考查词性转换。形容词 interesting应该修饰名词,而且空前有不定冠词 an,故填单数名词 competition。
10. 【浙江 6】Other American studies showed no ______(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
【答案】connection/connections
【解析】考查名词。 根据 no 可知,后面需要 connect 的名词形式,语意表示 “联系、连接 ”,故填
connection/connections。
11.【北京】No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various ______(activity) on Earth Day. You
can plant a tree,make a meal with locally grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】activities
【解析】考查名词的复数形式,因为前面的形容词是 various“各种各样的”,因此用名词的复数形式 activities。
12.【新课标 I卷】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ______
(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用