新概念英语第一册笔记、知识点整理（158页）

Lesson 1 Excuse me!
词汇
excuse v. 原谅
me pron. 我（宾格）
yes adv. 是的
is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数
this pron. 这
your possessive adjective 你的，你们的
handbag n.（女用）手提包
pardon int. 原谅，请再说一遍
it pron. 它
thank you 感谢你（们）
very much 非常地

★Excuse me.
1、引起对方注意时
2、常用于与陌生人搭话，打断别人的说话或从别人身边挤过，或在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时
Excuse us for a moment. 对不起，让我们单独聊会。
sorry 对不起，用于对别人有伤害时
★me pron. 我（宾格）
人称代词：
主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
I me my mine
he him his his
she her her hers
it it its its
you you your yours
主格：用在句首，作主语
宾格：在动词、介词之后
形容词性的物主代词：不能单独使用
名词性物主代词：只能单独使用

★is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数
be动词：am、is、are
I am
she/ he/ it is
you/ we/ they are
★pardon int. 原谅，请再说一遍
Pardon / I beg your pardon. 请求对方把刚才讲过的话重复一遍。
语法
含有be动词的陈述句、否定句和一般疑问句
含有be动词的任何句子,否定句就是在be动词后面加not；如果变一般疑问句，就把be
动词提前到句子的前面。
课文
Excuse me.
Yes
Is this your handbag
Pardon
Is this your handbag
Yes, it is.
Thank you very much.
Lesson 2 Is this your…
词汇
pen n.钢笔
pencil n.铅笔
book n.书
watch n.手表
coat n.上衣，外衣
dress n.连衣裙
skirt n.裙子
shirt n.衬衣
car n.小汽车
house n.房子
★dress
① n. 连衣裙；套裙
② n. 服装，衣服
casual dress 便服
evening dress 晚礼服
★house n.房子
house 房子，一般指独立的院落，更具体的指房子的建筑，结构
family 侧重家庭的成员
There are four people in my family. 在我家里有四口人。
home 抽象的家的概念
home road 《我的父亲母亲》
Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.
词汇
umbrella n.伞
please int.请
here adv.这里
my possessive adjective 我的
ticket n.票
number n.号码
five num.五
sorry adj.对不起的
sir n.先生
cloakroom n.衣帽存放处

★here adv.这里
地点副词：（在英语中，时间副词、地点副词的前面不能加介词）
here 这里 there 那儿
home 家（副词，名词） abroad 国外
downstairs 楼底下 upstairs 楼上
downtown 市中心
★five num.五
one，two，three，four，five，sir，seven，eight，nine，ten
★sir n.先生
① 对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称
What can I do for you, sir 先生，您要买什么？
② sir通常用于正式信函开头的称呼：
Dear Sir
③ Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名前，但不用于姓氏前。
madam：女士，夫人
Mr.：先生
Mrs.：夫人（已婚的）
Miss：小姐，一般用于指末婚女子，不过在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用（两种发音：[mis] 已婚未婚均可；[miz]即不愿意被称为已婚，又不愿意被称为未婚）
mister：加在男性的姓氏前面
gentleman 绅士，对男性比较有礼貌的称呼，在公众场合最得体的称呼
lady 女士
ladies and gentlemen
Lady first.
guy 在美国英语中对男性一种不正式的称呼，家伙
boy 在美语中不正式的称呼 girl 女孩
male 男性 female 女性
man 男人 woman 妇女
语法
祈使句：
祈使句：主语通常不直接表示出来，其谓语动词用原型，也叫无主句。表示命令、请求、建议、叮嘱等。祈使句真正的主语是你，但省略了。
My umbrella and my coat please. 省略了动词和间接宾语的祈使句。
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！
Help yourself! 请自己动手！
某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是后跟带to的动词不定式结构。
Come and see this goldfish.
Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
去给自己买双新鞋吧。
Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。
倒装句：
here is 是简单的倒装句，be 动词放在 here 的后面，
这个句式就可以成为简单的倒装句式。
My ticket is here. 我的票在这。
Here is my ticket. / Here's my ticket.
课文
My coat and my umbrella please.
Here is my ticket.
Thank you, sir.
Number five.
Here's your umbrella and your coat.
This is not my umbrella.
Sorry, sir.
Is this your umbrella
No, it isn't.
Is this it
Yes, it is.
Thank you very much.
Lesson 4 Is this your…
词汇
suit n.一套衣服
school n.学校
teacher n.老师
son n.儿子
daughter n.女儿
Lesson 5 Nice to meet you.
词汇
Mr. 先生
good adj.好
morning n.早晨
Miss 小姐
new adj.新的
student n.学生
French adj.&n.法国人
German adj.&n.德国人
nice adj.美好的
meet v.遇见
Japanese adj.&n.日本人
Korean adj.&n.韩国人
Chinese adj&n.中国人
too adv.也
★nice adj.美好的
① adj. 美好的，好看的
It’s a nice day today, isn’t it
② adj. 和蔼的，友好的
He is very nice to his neighbours.
③ adj. 使人高兴的，令人愉快的
It is so nice to have you here.
语法
冠词：
冠词数量上表示“一个”。冠词一共有三个，分为不定冠词和定冠词。
1、a, an 是不定冠词：可数名词单数前面必须要用不定冠词
a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面， an 用于以元音音素（元音发音的单词）开头的名词前面
a pen an apple an umbrella an egg an hour a university
2、the 是定冠词，表示特指，有两种发音：[ ]、[ ]，以元音发音开头的单词前面读[ ]。当想使听话者特别注意the后面的名词时，the就读为[ ]，意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主要是这一个”。
定冠词的用法：
① 特指名词（即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提）时，用the
There is an apple on the desk. The apple is mine.
Well, there is a girl in front of the classroom. The girl is my sister.
② 在专有特殊名词时，用the
the Great Wall，the Summer Palace，the Forbidden City（紫禁城），the sun
③ 在国家前不用冠词，特例国家除外
the United States of America
课文
MR. BLAKE: Good morning.
STUDENTS: Good morning, Mr. Blake.
MR. BLAKE: This is Miss Sophie Dupont.
Sophie is a new student. She is French.
MR. BLAKE: Sophie, this is Hans. He is German.
HANS: Nice to meet you.
MR. BLAKE: And this is Naoko. She's Japanese.
NAOKO: Nice to meet you.
MR. BLAKE: And this is Chang-woo. He's Korean.
CHANG-WOO: Nice to meet you.
MR. BLAKE: And this is Luming. He is Chinese.
LUMNG: Nice to meet you.
MR. BLAKE: And this is Xiaohui. She's Chinese, too.
XIAOHUI: Nice to meet you.
课文注释
1、英语国家中的姓名通常由三部分组成：名+中间名+姓。一般不用中间姓，在熟人之间以名相称，正式场合用Mr.、Mrs.、Miss（小姐）或Ms.（女士）加姓相称。
2、Nice to meet you.
用于初次与同学、朋友见面等非正式的场合，一般回答Nice to meet you, too.
正式场合常用How do you do 回答也是How do you do
Lesson 6 What make is it
词汇
make n.（产品）牌号
Swedish adj.瑞典的
English adj.英国的
American adj.美国的
Italian adj.意大利的
Volvo [ ] n.沃尔沃（Swedish）
Peugeot n.标致（French）
Mercedes [ ] n.梅赛德斯（German）
Toyota n.丰田（Japanese）
Daewoo n.大宇（Korean）
Mini n.迷你（English）
Ford n.福特（American）
Fiat [ ] n.菲亚特（Italian）
★make n.（产品的）牌子；类型，型号；式样
What make is your watch
Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的
★English adj. 英国（人）的；英格兰（人）的；英国化的
John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。
语法
选择疑问句：
选择疑问句：在两者或三者中进行选择，用特殊颖问词or进行连接。选择疑问句词调一般是前升后降，选择疑问句的回答必须要用完整的句子回答。
Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher
She isn't a Chinese teacher. She's a Japanese teacher.
Lesson 7 Are you a teacher

词汇
I pron. 我
am v. be动词现在时的第一人称单数
are v. be动词现在时复数
name n. 名字
what adj.& pron. 什么
nationality n. 国籍
job n. 工作
keyboard n. 电脑键盘
operator n. 操作人员
engineer n. 工程师
★nationality n. 国籍
nation n. 国家
national adj. 国家的，民族的
nationality n. 国籍
person n. 人
personal adj. 个人的
personality n. 人品人格
★job n. 工作
① n. 职业，工作，有报酬的工作，既可以是体力的，也可以是脑力的
What is your job
② n. （一件）工作，话计
The whole job takes about 40 minutes.
③ n. 职责
It’s your job to be on time.
work n. 工作，广义的概念，泛指的劳动
working class 工人阶级

★keyboard n. 电脑键盘
key n. 钥匙
board n. 木板
blackboard n. 黑板
★operator n. 操作人员
-or 字母组合，表示某种人 actor n. 男演员
语法
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
特殊疑问词：what、where 、who 、when、which、why 、whom、how、how many、how much、how long、how far、how often、how soon
what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等：
What make is it 它是什么牌子？
What color is it 它是什么颜色的？
What nationality…？
What time is it
What size is this skirt
一般疑问句：
Be动词+…
Do/Does/Did+…
Have/Has/Had+…
Can及情态动词（must、need、may…）
1、所有一般疑问句必须要用升调来读
2、一般疑问句可以用简单的Yes/No来回答
3、所有一般疑问句用什么来问的就用什么来答
课文
ROBERT: I am a new student.
My name's Robert.
SOPHIE: Nice to meet you. My name's Sophie.
ROBERT: Are you French
SOPHIE: Yes, I am.
Are you French, too
ROBERT: No, I am not.
SOPHIE: What nationality are you
ROBERT: I'm Italian.
Are you a teacher
SOPHIE: No, I'm not.
ROBERT: What's your job
SOPHIE: I'm a keyboard operator.
What's your job
ROBERT: I'm an engineer.
课文注解
1、Are you French, too
too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思，too用于肯定句和疑问句中，either仅限用于否定句中。too和either一般放在句末，且前面通常用逗号隔开。
2、What nationality are you
用于询问对方国藉，相当于Where are you from 或Where do you come from
3、What’s your job
询问对方从事何种职业也可以说：What do you do
Lesson 8 What's your job
词汇
policeman n. 警察
policewoman n.女警察
taxi driver n. 出租汽车司机
air hostess n. 空中小姐
postman n. 邮递员
nurse n. 护士
mechanic n. 机械师
hairdresser n. 理发师
housewife n. 家庭妇女
milkman n. 送牛奶的人
★nurse n. 护士
① n. 护士；照料者
② v. 照料；照看
All her time goes into nursing her child.
她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。
③ v. 养护；培养
nurse a young tree 养护树苗
nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家
Lesson 9 How are you today

词汇
hello int. 喂（表示问候）
hi int. 喂，嗨
how adv. 怎样
today adv. 今天
well adj. 身体好
fine adj. 美好的
thanks int. 谢谢
goodbye int. 再见
see v. 见
★how adv. 怎样
How about that 怎么会这样？那一个怎么样？
How come =Why 为什么？
How goes it = How is it going 事情进展如何？
★fine adj. 美好的
① 健康的；舒适的
② 极好的，优秀的
a fine view 美好的景色
③ 优雅的，雅致的
He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。
★see v. 见
see 表示看见的结果
look 表示看的动作
look at sth. look out of the window look into my eyes
watch 观看移动的一些东西 watch TV
[语法]
How … 的一些社交上的用法：
1、用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况：
How are you /How have you been 你一向可好？
2、How do you do 是正式介绍中的一句套话，从不用来询问健康。
3、How经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里：
How’s life 生活如何？
How are things 情况怎样？
How’s work 工作怎么样？
形容词的意义与作用：
1、形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等，说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。
2、许多形容词可用以回答What’s…like？这样的问题，并可根据上下文给出笼统或确切的信息。
What’s Tom like He’s very fat.
3、英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前。
[课文]
STEVEN: Hello, Helen.
HELEN: Hi, Steven.
STEVEN: How are you today
HELEN: I'm very well, thank you. And you
STEVEN: I'm fine, thanks.
How is Tony
HELEN: He's fine, thanks.
How's Emma
STEVEN: She's very well, too, Helen.
Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you.
HELEN: Nice to see you, too, Steven.
Goodbye.
Lesson 10 Look at…
词汇（13）
fat adj. 胖的
woman n. 女人
thin adj. 瘦的
tall adj. 高的
short adj. 矮的
dirty adj. 脏的
clean adj. 干净的
hot adj. 热的
cold adj. 冷的
old adj. 老的
young adj. 年轻的
busy adj. 忙的
lazy adj. 懒的
★look
① 看，瞧，观，望
Look carefully before you cross the street.
过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。
②面向，朝向
The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。
Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。
Lesson 11 Is this your shirt

词汇（5）
whose pron. 谁的
blue adj. 蓝色的
perhaps adv. 大概
white adj. 白色的
catch v. 抓住
★whose pron. 谁的
whose（特殊疑问词）：用于询问所有关系。对形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、名词所有格的两种情况（形容词性和名词性）进行提问。
★blue adj. 蓝色的
① 蓝色的，蔚蓝的
② 沮丧的，忧郁的
His mood is blue. 他的情绪低落。
He looks a bit blue. 他看上去有点儿忧郁。
★catch v. 抓住
① v. 接住，拦住
② v. 逮住，捕获 catch a thief
③ v. 染上（疾病）
I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。
[语法]
所有格形容词和所有格代词：
所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有，即某人或某物属于某一个人，回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my、your等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，只能作定语，它们的形式取决于所有者，而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine、yours等不能用在名词前，并且在说话时要加重语气，它们指人或物，单数或复数都一样，在句中作主语、宾语、表语用。
I have my way, and she has hers.
名词所有格：
名词所有格与名词有关（与所有格形容词和所有格代词有关），名词+’s：表示……的，如：Tim's、Jones'、boss's。
名词所有格有两种属性：形容词性、名词性
This is Tim's shirt. （形容词性）
This shirt is Tim's. （名词性）
[课文]
TEACHER: Whose shirt is that
Is this your shirt, Dave
DAVE: No. Sir. It's not my shirt.
This is my shirt. My shirt's blue.
TEACHER: Is this shirt Tim's
DAVE: Perhaps it is, sir. Tim's shirt's white.
TEACHER: Tim!
TIM: Yes, sir
TEACHER: Is this your shirt
TIM: Yes, sir.
TEACHER: Here you are. Catch!
TIM: Thank you, sir.
[课文注解]
Here you are. 给你
这是给对方东西时的用语，也可用Here it is.或Here they are.（指复数的物）。句中的are和is一般应重读。
Lesson 12
Whose is this… This is my/your/his/her…
Whose is that… That is my/your/his/her…

词汇（8）
father n. 父亲
mother n. 母亲
blouse n. 女衬衫
sister n. 姐，妹
tie n. 领带
brother n. 兄，弟
his possessive adjective. 他的
her possessive adjective. 她的
Lesson 13 A new dress

词汇（8）
colour n. 颜色=color（美）
green adj. 绿色
come v. 来
upstairs adj. 楼上
smart adj. 时髦的，巧妙的
hat n. 帽子
same adj. 相同的
lovely adj. 可爱的
★colour n. 颜色=color（美）
what colour is…
What make is … 什么车牌？
★come v. 来
come on：快点来；拜托，得了吧；过来
Come on. I’m not 18 years old again. 拜托，得了吧。
go：去，加油
★smart adj. 时髦的，巧妙的
① 漂亮的，时髦的，巧妙的
You look smart in that new dress.
② 聪明的，伶俐的，精明的
He is a smart businessman.
[课文]
LOUISE: What colour's your new dress
ANNA: It's green.
Come upstairs and see it.
LOUISE: Thank you.
ANNA: Look! Here it is!
LOUISE: That's a nice dress.
It's very smart.
ANNA: My hat's new, too.
LOUISE: What colour is it
ANNA: It's the same colour.
It's green, too.
LOUISE: That is a lovely hat!
[课文注释]
It’s the same colour. 一样的颜色。
same通常与定冠词the连用，表示“同一的”、“相同的”
two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子
Lesson 14 What colour's your…
词汇（3）
case n. 箱子
carpet n. 地毯
dog n. 狗
Lesson 15 Your passport, please.

词汇（9）
customs n. 海关
officer n. 官员
girl n. 女孩，姑娘
Danish adj.& n. 丹麦人
friend n. 朋友
Norwegian adj.& n. 挪威人
passport n. 护照
brown adj. 棕色的
tourist [ ] n. 旅游者

★customs n. 海关
customs，Customs n. [复]海关；征收关税的程序
The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned.
那个间谍在海关被截住并被加以盘问。
custom n. 风俗，习惯
When risiting a foreign country, we might find the country’s customs strange to us.
It is his custom to go for a walk in the evening.
★friend n. 朋友
friend：朋友（正式）
pal：好友，伙伴（随意）
buddy：伙伴，朋友（随意）
friendship：友谊
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。
★tourist n. 旅游者
tour n. 观光，旅游
tour guide 导游
travel n. 旅行（泛指）
traveler n. 旅行者
trip v.&n. 旅行（短途）
[语法]
名词：
名词有五种：
1、普通名词（可数名词）：a pen、a book
2、物质名词（不可数名词）：water、milk
3、专有名词：Mt. Tai（泰山）、the Great Wall（长城）、Summer Palace（颐和园）
4、集体名词：police、people、family
5、抽象名词：beauty、wisdom
可数名词单数变复数的规则：
1、普通的名词后边直接加 s
a book/ two books
加 -s 后的读音 [ ] [ ] [ ]
2、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词要把 y 变 i 加 es
baby -> babies
3、以 -ch -sh -x -s -z 结尾的单词要加 -es 读音为[ ]
4、以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词要变为 ves
knife -> knives wife -> wives
5、辅音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 es
potato -> potatoes zoo -> zoos
元音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 s
6、英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的
man——men woman——women
milkman——milkmen policewoman——policewomen
[课文]
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you Swedish
GIRLS: No, we are not. We are Danish.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends Danish, too
GIRLS: No, they aren't.
They are Norwegian.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Your passports, please.
GIRLS: Here they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are these your cases
GIRLS: No, they aren't.
Our cases are brown.
Here they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are you tourists
GIRLS: Yes, we are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: Are your friends tourists too
GIRLS: Yes, they are.
CUSTOMS OFFICER: That's fine.
GIRLS: Thank you very much.
Lesson 16 Are you…

词汇（8）
Russian adj.&n. 俄罗斯人
Dutch adj.&n. 荷兰人
these pron. 这些（复数）
red adj. 红色的
grey adj. 灰色的
yellow adj. 黄色的
black adj.黑色的
orange adj. 橘黄色的
★grey adj. 灰色的
① 灰色的，偏灰的
② 头发灰白的
Her hair is grey.
③ 面色苍白的
Tony looks grey and tired. 托尼面色苍白，显得疲惫。
[语法]
名词复数-s或-es的发音规则：
① 如果名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音（[s]、[ ]、[ ]除外），-s发[s]的音
如：books [buks] suits[su:ts]
② 如果名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音（[z]、[ ]、[ ]除外）或元音，-s发[z]的音，
③ 如果名词词尾的发音是[s]、[z]、[ ]、[ ]、[ ]、[ ]，-s发 [iz]的音
Lesson 17 How do you do

词汇（6）
employee n. 雇员
hard-working adj. 勤奋的
sales reps 推销员=sales representatives
man n. 男人
office n. 办公室
assistant n. 助手

★employee n. 雇员
一个动词后有 -ee，是被这个动作影响的人；一个动词后有 -er，是做出这个动作的人。
V+-ee 被……的人
V+er 发出……的人
employ v. 雇拥
I need to employ some people to help me do this work.
employee n. 雇员
employer n. 雇主
employment n. 工作
-ment 名词后缀
train v. 训练
trainee n. 被训练的人
trainer n. 训练者
★hard-working adj. 勤奋的
hard adj&adv. 艰苦的，坚硬的，努力地
work n&v. 工作
hard-working adj. 勤奋的
Lucy is a hard-working employee.
They are hard-working.
hard-work n. 艰苦的工作
This is a hard-work.
work hard 努力地工作
★assistant n. 助手
office assistant 指办公室干杂务的工作人员
assist v. 援助
[课文]
MR. JACKSON: Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.
MR. RICHARDS: Thank you, Mr. Jackson.
MR. JACKSON: This is Nicola Grey, and this is Claire Taylor.
MR. RICHARDS: How do you do
Those women are very hard-working.
What are their jobs
MR. JACKSON: They're keyboard operators.
This is Michael Baker, and this is Jeremy Short.
MR. RICHARDS: How do you do
They aren't very busy!
What are their jobs
MR. JACKSON: They're sales reps.
They're very lazy.
MR. RICHARDS: Who is this young man
MR. JACKSON: This is Jim.
He's our office assistant.
Lesson 18 What are their jobs
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety
one/a hundred one/a thousand
百位和十位之间用and连接。
1万=10千
101：one hundred and one
1564：one thousand five hundred and sixty four
9059：nine thousand and fifty nine
63,152：sixty three thousand one hundred and fifty two
331,278：three hundred and thirty one thousand two hundred and seventy eight
Lesson 19 Tired and thirty

词汇（9）
matter n. 事情
children n. 孩子们 （child 的复数）
tired adj. 累，疲乏
boy n. 男孩
thirsty adj. 渴
Mum n. 妈妈
sit down 坐下
right adj. 好，可以
ice cream 冰淇淋（有时可数，有时不可数）
★matter n. 事情
① n. 事情，事件
It’s a private matter.
He’s not very interested in financial matters.
② n. 麻烦事，困难
What's the matter =Tell me what’s wrong =What’s wrong
What’s the matter with+sb.
What's the matter with the children
It doesn't matter. 没关系
It matters. 有关系
Does it matter 有关系吗？可以吗？
★thirsty adj. 渴
① adj. 渴的，口干的
② adj. （工地等）干旱的
a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地
③ adj. 渴望的，渴求的（for / after）
The students there are thirsty for knowledge.
那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。
[语法]
There be 句型
there be 句型：表示某处有某物
there is + 可数名词的单数/不可数名词
There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.
课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。（第一个并列名词是单数，所以用is）
there are + 可数名词的复数形式
常见方位介词：in、on、over、under
on：在…上面，接触物体表面
over：越过，垂直上方，不接触表面
in：在…里面，物体里面
to：往，向，表示去向方向
into：进入…里面，从外到里进入的过程
out of：在…外，从里面出来
across：横穿[在物体表面横穿]，从平面穿过
through：从里面（中间）穿过
under：在……下面
beside：在……旁边
near：在……附近
between：在……两者之间
among 在…中间（两者以上）
over：从斜面穿过
介词用法：
跟在be动词之后
跟在一些不及物动词之后
[课文]
MOTHER: What's the matter, children
GIRL: We're tired …
BOY: … and thirsty, Mum.
MOTHER: Sit down here.
Are you all right now
BOY: No, we aren't.
MOTHER: Look!
There's an ice cream man.
MOTHER: Two ice cream please.
Here you are, children.
CHILDREN: Thanks, Mum.
GIRL: These ice creams are nice.
MOTHER: Are you all right now
CHILDREN: Yes, we are, thank you!

Lesson 20 Look at them!

词汇（10）
big adj. 大的
small adj. 小的
open adj. 开着的
shut adj. 关着的
light adj. 轻的
heavy adj. 重的
long adj. 长的
shoe n. 鞋子
grandfather n. 祖父
grandmother n. 祖母

Lesson 21 Which book

词汇（3）
give v. 给
one pron. 一个
which 哪一个

[语法]
动词的双宾语：
buy me a book=buy a book for me
Give me a book.=Give a book to me.
双宾语中通常物是直接宾语，人是间接宾语
[课文]
MAN: Give me a book please, Jane.
WOMAN: Which book This one
MAN: No, not that one.
The red one.
WOMAN: This one
MAN: Yes, please.
WOMAN: Here you are.
MAN: Thank you.

Lesson 22 Give me/him/her/us/them a …
Which one
词汇（14）
empty adj. 空的
full adj. 满的
large adj. 大的
little adj. 小的
sharp adj. 尖的，锋利的
blunt adj. 钝的
box (boxes) n. 盒子，箱子
glass (glasses) n. 杯子
cup (cups) n. 茶杯
bottle (bottles) n. 瓶子
tin (tins) n. 罐头
knife (knives) n. 刀子
fork (forks) n. 叉子
spoon (spoons) n. 勺子
★large adj. 大的
★big adj. 大的
large仅指物理量值的大，主要指体积、面积、形状、数量方面的大，修饰人时指个子大。small的反义词。
Look at that large woman in white.
big所表示的大，主要指不仅体积大而且很重，在修饰人时，主要指大人物，但个子未必高大。
She’s very big in the filmdom.
她在电影界中是个响当当的人物。（指不仅成功，而且具有很大的影响力）
★little adj. 小的
★small adj. 小的
small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反义词，不带什么感彩。
I want the small one with the yellow handle.
little也表示小或少，但有小而可爱的感彩，是big的反义词。
She has the sweetest little smiles.
★glass n. 杯子
① n. 玻璃杯或有脚的玻璃杯
② n. 杯中物，酒
He has had a glass too much. 他多喝了一杯（喝醉了）。
I’d like to enjoy a glass now and then. 我喜欢不时喝点酒。
★cup n. 杯子
① n. 杯子（一般带柄，用于盛热饮或咖啡）
I have a beautiful set of tea cups.
② n. 一杯饮料，一杯咖啡
You can get a good cup at Lucy’s Café.
Lesson 23 Which glasses

词汇（2）
on prep. 在……之上
shelf n. 架子，搁板 on the shelf
[语法]
定语：
定语：是修饰限定的成份，做定语的词一般是形容词，但也可用介词短语或定语从句做定语。
介词短语做后置定语：
a book on the desk
定语从句：
This is the boy I saw yesterday.
在英语中，形容词修饰名词时，修饰成份放在名词前面，但由一个介词短语或句子修饰名词时，这个修饰成份应放在名词的后面。
[课文]
MAN: Give me some glasses please, Jane.
WOMAN: Which glasses
These glasses
MAN: No, not those.
The ones on the shelf.
WOMAN: These
MAN: Yes, please.
WOMAN: Here you are.
MAN: Thanks.

Lesson 24 Give me/him/her/us/them some…
词汇（12）
desk n. 课桌
table n. 桌子
plate n. 盘子
cupboard n. 食橱
cigarette n. 香烟
television n. 电视机
floor n. 地板 on the floor
dressing table n. 梳妆台
magazine n. 杂志
bed n. 床
newspaper n. 报纸
stereo n. 立体声音响

★desk n. 课桌
★table n. 桌子
desk通常指有抽屉的桌子，用于办公、读书、写字等，即“书桌”、“写字台”、“办公桌”
He is working at his desk. 他正在自己的书桌前用功。
table通常指由若干条腿支撑着的平板，没有抽屉，即“餐桌”、“会议桌”、“工作台”、“手术台”等。
I’ve booked a table for two at 7.00.
They sat round the talbe and made this big decision.
他们围坐在会议桌旁，作出了这个重大的决定。
Lesson 25 Mrs. Smith's Kitchen

词汇（10）
Mrs. 夫人
kitchen n. 厨房
refrigerator n. 电冰箱
right n. 右边
electric adj. 带电的，可通电的
left n. 左边
cooker n. 炉子，炊具
middle n. 中间
of prep.（属于）……的
room n. 房间

★cooker n. 炉子，炊具
在英文中炊事员用cook。
[课文]
Mrs. Smith's kitchen is small.
There is a refrigerator in the kitchen.
The refrigerator is white.
It is on the right.
There is an electric cooker in the kitchen.
The cooker is blue.
It is on the left.
There is a table in the middle of the room.
There is a bottle on the table.
The bottle is empty.
There is a cup on the table, too.
The cup is clean.

Lesson 26 Where is it

词汇（2）
where adv. 在哪里
in prep. 在…里
Lesson 27 Mrs. Smith's living room

词汇（7）
living room 客厅
near prep. 靠近
widow n. 窗户
armchair n. 扶手椅
door n. 门 near the door
picture n. 图画
wall n. 墙 on the wall

★living room 客厅
living 生活
★near prep. 靠近
① adj. 靠近的，接近的
② adj. 关系接近的，亲近的
She is near frined of mine.
My uncle is nearest relation.
③ adj. 近似的，几乎的
The picture may not be an exact replica but its pretty near.
这幅画也许不是一模一样的复制品，但是已酷似原作了。
★widow n. 窗户
win 赢
wind 吹风
★armchair n. 扶手椅
chairman 主席
president n. 总统
[语法]
some, any 一些：
some 和 any 跟可数名词的复数或者是不可数名词；
some表示“某些但不是全部”，通常用于肯定句中，在表示征求对方意见，并且希望得到肯定的答复时也可以用于疑问句。
Have you got some paper-clips in that box （回形针）
Would you like something to drink 你想喝点什么吗？
any表示不确定的数量，通常用在含有not或-n’t的否定句中，也用于表示不确定答案是肯定还是否定，或用于预料得到的回答是No的疑问句。
[课文]
Mrs. Smith's living room is large.
There is a television in the room.
The television is near the window.
There are some magazines on the television.
There is a table in the room.
There are some newspapers on the table.
There are some armchairs in the room.
The armchairs are near the table.
There is a stereo in the room.
The stereo is near the door.
There are some books on the stereo.
There are some pictures in the room.
The pictures are on the wall.
Lesson 28 Where are they

词汇（1）
trousers n. 长裤
Lesson 29 Come in, Amy

词汇（11）
shut v. 关门
bedroom n. 卧室
untidy adj. 乱，不整齐
must modal verb 必须，应该
open v. 打开
air v. 使 … 通风，换换空气
put v. 放置
clothes n. 衣服
wardrobe [ ] n. 大衣柜
dust v. 掸掉灰尘土
sweep v. 扫
★untidy adj. 乱，不整齐
un-前缀，表示否定；tity adj. 整齐的，干净的
happy——unhappy 不幸福的
lucky——unlucky 不幸的
known——unknown 未知的
★air v. 使 … 通风，换换空气
① n. 空气，新鲜空气
Let’s go out and breathe some fresh air.
② n. 空中，空间
He likes to stay in the open air. 他喜欢在户外呆着。
③ v. 晾（衣服、被褥等）；使通风
Leave the trousers on the washing-line to air.
把裤子挂到晾衣绳上去晾干。
★dust v. 掸掉灰尘土
★sweep v. 用笤帚扫地
dust ① v. 掸掉……上的灰尘；② n. 灰尘
clear adj. 清晰的 v. 清除
clean adj. 清洁的，干净的 v. 使……干净（不管用什么方法）
cleanse v. 用水彻底把……弄干净
wipe v. 用抹布去擦
[语法]
情态动词：
1 情态动词表示人的情感、状态或情绪变化的一种助动词，它本身具有实际意义。
2 情态动词不能单独做谓语，只能和后面的原形动词一起构成谓语。
3 情态动词没有人称和数格的变化。
4 含有情态动词的句子，否定句在它后面加not，一般疑问句把它提前。

情态动词must的用法：
must是情态动词，表示“必须”、“应当”，与have to相似，表示不可逃避的义务。在说话人看来，没有选择的余地。但must带有个人色彩，表示说话人的主观意图。表示个人感情时通常用must。
You must…（你必须……）表示说话人说/认为……是必要的。
You must open the window.
You mustn't open the window
Must I open the window
Yes, you must.
No, you needn't.

[课文]
MRS. JONES: Come in, Amy.
Shut the door, please.
MRS. JONES: This bedroom's very untidy.
AMY: What must I do, Mrs. Jones
MRS. JONES: Open the window and air the room.
Then put these clothes in the wardrobe.
MRS. JONES: Then make the bed.
MRS. JONES: Dust the dressing table.
Then sweep the floor.

Lesson 30 What must I do

词汇（7）
empty v. 倒空，使…变空
read v. 读
sharpen v. 削尖，使锋利
put on 穿上
take off 脱掉
turn on 开（电灯）
turn off 关（电灯）

★empty adj. 空的
① v. 使空；把……倒出（移出）
They emptied the house. 他们把房屋搬空了。
② v. 流出；走出
The river emptied itself into the sea. 河水流入大海。
It was raining, and the streets began to empty.
天下起了雨，街上的行人开始稀少了。
③ adj. 空的
Her purse is empty. 她的钱包是空的。
④ adj. 空虚的，无意义的
It’s an empty dream. 这是个不现实的梦想。
Officials were flattered by empty complements.
官员们被空洞的恭维话弄得心里美滋滋的。
⑤ adj. 呆板的，毫无表情的
She looked at him with empty eyes. 她木然地看着他。
He said all this in an empty voice.
他用一种呆板声调说了这一切。
Lesson 31 Where's Sally

词汇（10）
garden n. 花园
under prep. 在……这下
tree n. 树
climb v. 爬，攀登
who pron. 谁
run v. 跑
grass n. 草，草地
after prep. 在……之后
across prep. 横过，穿过
cat n. 猫

★climb v. 爬，攀登
① v. 攀登，攀爬（树、山等）
② v. 逐步上升（增长）
The temperature is climbing steadily. 温度正在慢慢地平稳上升。
The price of gold climbed back. 金价逐渐回升了。
③ v. （在社会地位等方面）往上爬
He is trying hard to climb to the top of the social ladder.
他正努力爬到社会的最顶层。
He has climbed to a very high position in his field.
他已在自己的领域中爬到了一个很高的位置。
★run v. 跑
① v. 跑，奔跑
run across the grass：跑过草地
② v. 流动；流出
The current is running strong. 水流湍急。
Her eyes ran with tears. 她落泪了。
③ v. 追赶；追逐；追求
run after：追逐
Many young men are running after that girl.
许多年轻人在追求那个姑娘。
[语法]
时态：共十六种时态，时态是通过动词变化来实现的。
学习方法：
1 首先了解概念
2 时态——动词变化规则、时间的状态

现在进行时：
1、概念
①表示现在正在进行或者发生的动作或事情
②表示现阶段正在进行或发生，但说话的此刻动作不一定进行
③可以表示将来（多用于移动性动词，并且后面要加将来的时间）
移动性动词：go /come /return /move
2、结构：
肯定句：S. + be + v.-ing
否定句：S. + be + not + v.-ing
一般疑问句：Be + S. + v.-ing
回答：Yes, S. + be/ No, S. + be + not
特殊疑问句：What + be + S. + v.-ing
3、动词变化：V-ing
4、时间：now
[课文]
JEAN: Where's Sally, Jack
JACK: She's in the garden, Jean.
JEAN: What's she doing
JACK: She's sitting under the tree.
JEAN: Is Tim in the garden, too
JACK: Yes, he is.
He's climbing the tree.
JEAN: I beg your pardon
Who's climbing the tree
JACK: Tim is.
JEAN: What about the dog
JACK: The dog's in the garden, too.
It's running across the grass.
It's running after a cat.

Lesson 32 What's he/she/it doing

词汇（12）
type v. 打字
letter n. 信
basket n. 篮子
eat v. 吃
bone n. 骨头
clean v. 清洗
tooth n. （复数 teeth）牙齿
cook v. 做（饭菜）
milk n. 牛奶
meal n. 饭，一顿饭
drink v. 喝
tap n. （水）龙头

★cook v. 做（饭菜）
① v. 烹调；煮，烧
She cooked a lovely meal for her husband.
The beef is not cooked enough. 牛肉煮得不够熟。
② n. 厨子，炊事员
Tom works as a cook in a local restaurant.
My dad is really a good cook.
Lesson 33 A fine day

词汇（15）
day n.日子
cloud n.云
sky n. 天空 in the sky
sun n. 太阳
shine v. 照耀 sunshine
with prep. 和……在一起
family n. 家庭（成员）
walk v. 走路, 步行
over prep.跨越，在……之上
bridge n. 桥
boat n. 船
river n. 河
ship n. 轮船
aeroplane n. 飞机
fly v. 飞
★day n.日子
Sunday：[ ]星期天
Monday：星期一
Tuesday星期二
Wednesday：星期三
Thursday：星期四
Friday：星期五
Saturday：星期六
★with prep. 和……在一起
be with：和……在一起
Mrs.Liu is with those children.

★walk v. 走路, 步行
walk over：走过
They are walking over the bridge.
on foot 步行（介词短语）
They are going to school on foot.
★boat n. 船
★ship n. 轮船
boat指河中行驶的小船，ship一般指海洋中行驶的大船。
★aeroplane n. 飞机
飞机正式用语：aeroplane（英语）、airplane（美语）；
非正式用语：plane
[课文]
It is a fine day today.
There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is shining.
Mr. Jones is with his family.
They are walking over the bridge.
There are some boats on the river.
Mr. Jones and his wife are looking at them.
Sally is looking at a big ship.
The ship is going under the bridge.
Tim is looking at an aeroplane.
The aeroplane is flying over the river.

[课文注释]
Mr. Jones is with his family.
句中with是介词，表示“和……一起”。family指“家里的人”或“家庭成员”。
Lesson 34 What are they doing

[词汇]（6）
sleep v. 睡觉
shave v. 刮脸
cry v. 哭，喊
wash v. 洗
wait v. 等
jump v. 跳
★sleep v. 睡觉
① v. 睡觉
I was so excited that I could hardly sleep.
② n. 睡眠；睡觉
He had a good sleep last night.
★jump v. 跳
① v. 跳跃；跃过
They jumped off the wall and ran off. 他们从墙上跳下去跑掉了。
② v. 略去；跳过
He jumped the first grade in college.
他跳过大学一年级（指跳级直接升入二年级）。
③ v. 突然上升；猛增
They jumped the registration fees from 20 to 50.
他们把注册费从20涨到50。
His company’s profits jumped surprisingly last year.
他所在公司去年的利润令人惊异地飞速增加。

[语法]
动词+ing的规则：
1、一般的词直接加-ing：read——reading
2、以-e结尾，要去掉-e，然后再加-ing：shave——shaving
以-ee结尾，直接加-ing：see——seeing
3、重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾如果只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，然后再加-ing：sit——sitting
重读闭音节：一般单音节都为重读
闭音节：五个元音字母在单词里，发本身的字母音是开音节，如果不是发本身的字母音就是闭音节。
4、一般双音节重读音节必须在第二个音节，第二个音节里有一个元音和辅音的单词要双写，加ing。
enter——entering；refer——referring
Lesson 35 Our village

[词汇]（14）
photograph n. 照片
village n. 村庄
valley n. 山谷
between prep. 在……之间
hill n. 小山
another det. 另一个
wife n. 妻子
along prep. 沿着
bank n. 河岸
water n. 水
swim v. 游泳
building n. 大楼，建筑物
park n. 公园
into prep.进入
★photograph n. 照片
I want to take a photo.
picture 照片（美）
take a photograph/ picture of sb. 给某人拍照
“……的”用of，无生命的东西表示所属
a photograph of a city/ our village
★hill n. 小山
hill：不高的小山丘
mount：名山，山的专有名词
mountain：大型的，高山
range：山区，山脉，连绵起伏的群山
★water n. 水（不可数名词）
waters 水域
★swim v. 游泳
go swimming 去游泳
★park n. 公园 v. 停车
No parking. 不许停车
[语法]
短语动词：
短语动词通常是指后面常跟一个介词或副词短语的动词，即动词+介词或副词小品词。英语（特别是非正式的、惯用的英语）中存在着一种用动词短语代替与其同义的单个动词的强烈趋势。最常见的短语动词是由英语中最短小和最简单的动词构成的，这些动词常与表示位置或方向的词组合，如along，down，in，off，on，out，over，under等。而且一个短语本身也可能有几种不同的意义。
★go into
① 走进；进入
② 进入；介入
They’re going into the business world. 他们正步入商界。
★sit on
① 坐在……上
② 拖延（口语）；压下
They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible.
他们正试图尽可能拖延时间不把这个坏消息讲出去。
★run along
① 沿着……跑
The dogs are running along the river banks.
② 离开；走开
It’s getting dark, we must run along. 天黑了，我们得走了。
[课文]
This is a photograph of our village.
Our village is in a valley.
It is between two hills.
The village is on a river.
Here is another photograph of the village.
My wife and I are walking along the banks of the river.
We are on the left.
There is a boy in the water.
He is swimming across the river.
Here is another photograph.
This is the school building.
It is beside a park.
The park is on the right.
Some children are coming out of the building.
Some of them are going into the park.

Lesson 36 Where…？

[词汇]（2）
beside prep. 在……旁
off prep. 离开

Lesson 37 Making a bookcase

[词汇]（8）
work v. 工作
hard adv. 努力地
make v. 做
bookcase n. 书橱，书架
hammer n. 锤子
paint v. 上漆，涂
pink n.& adj. 粉红色
favourite adj. 最喜欢的
★work v. 工作
① v. 工作；劳动
He works 45 hours per week.
② v. 从事职业
He works as a bank clerk.
③ v. 学习；做作业
If you work hard, you’ll pass your exams.
④ n. 工作；劳动；作业；职业
He is without work. 他失业了。
He wants to have a good sleep after a day’s work.
★bookcase 书橱，书架
bookshelf 书架 bookseller 书商
bookshop 书店（英） bookstore 书店（美）
bookmark 书签 bookworm 书虫
mark：考试分数，标记
paint v. 上漆，涂
① v. 上漆，涂
② v. （用颜料）画
Who painted this picture
③ v. 描写；描绘
His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe.
他的小说描绘了有关欧洲乡村生活的的宁静画面。
④ n. 油漆；涂料；颜料
Wet Paint! 油漆末干！
I bought a box of paints. 我买了一盒颜料。
painter 画家，油漆工
writer 作家，抄字工
painting 画
picture 画片（总称）
cartoon 卡通图画
sketch 草图
drawing 铅笔画，素描
★pink n.& adj. 粉红色
in the pink 健康
pink-collar 粉领的，职业妇女的 white-collar 白领的
blue-collar 蓝领的 golden-collar 金领
pink lady 红粉佳人
pink slip 解雇通知书
[语法]
be going to 句型
含义：
1、打算、准备在最近做某事（在非正式语体中，一般多用be going to，而不用will）
2、表示按计划、安排要发生的事
3、表示预言即将要发生某事
结构：
陈述句：am/is/are +going to+V原
We are going to make a bookcase.
She is going to cry.
It is going to rain.
疑问句：将助动词be提至句首变为一般疑问句。
否定句：在助动词后面加上not可以变为否定句。
宾语补足语：
I am going to paint it pink.
We call him ‘little fatty’.
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
for：为……（be for）
to：（方向）去……
[课文]
DAN: You're working hard, George.
What are you doing
GEORGE: I'm making a bookcase.
Give me that hammer please, Dan.
DAN: Which hammer This one
GEORGE: No, not that one. The big one.
DAN: Here you are.
GEORGE: Thanks, Dan.
DAN: What are you going to do now, George
GEORGE: I'm going to paint it.
DAN: What colour are you going to pain it
GEORGE: I'm going to paint it pink.
DAN: Pink!
GEORGE: This bookcase isn't for me.
It's for my daughter, Susan.
Pink's her favourite colour.
Lesson 38 What are you going to do
What are you doing now

[词汇]（3）
homework n. 作业
listen v. 听
dish n. 盘子，碟子
★homework n. 作业
do one’s homework 做家庭作业
housework 家务活
do the housework 做家务活
homeland 祖国 homemade 家里自制的
homesick 思乡 lovesick 相思
hometown 家乡
★listen vi. 听（表示听的动作）
listen to 听某人讲话
Listen to the music!
hear vt. 听见（表示结果）
Can you hear me
hear of 听说
I have heard of this story a lot.
hear from sb. 收到某人来信
vt. 及物动词：后边直接跟宾语
vi. 不及物动词：不可直接跟宾语，必须加了介词才可以跟宾语
★dish n. 盘子，碟子
a homely dish 一道家常菜
plate 盘子
Lesson 39 Don't drop it!

[词汇]（6）
front n. 前面
in front of 在……之前
careful adj. 小心的，仔细的
vase [ ] n. 花瓶
drop v. 掉下
flower n. 花
★front n. 前面；adj. 前面的
front line 前排，前线
front page news 头版新闻
★in front of 在……前面
in front of 在……前面（不属于同一范围）
There is a garden in front of the building.
The vase is in front of you.
in the front of 在……前部（属于同一范围）
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.
★careful adj. 小心的，仔细的
care n. 照料，照顾；v. 关心，顾虑，照顾
take care of =look after 照顾某人
You must take care of (look after) her.
medical care 医疗护理
special care 特殊护理
skin care 皮肤护理
hair and skin care
I don’t care. 我不在乎
Who cares 谁管他，管他呢
careful adj. 仔细的
careless adj. 粗心的
carefully adv 仔细的
Lucy is a careful girl. /Lucy is careful.
Be careful! 小心点
Look out! 小心，当心
Mind yourself! 小心一点儿！
Mind your own business. 管好你自己的事。
Watch your step! 小心滑倒
★drop v. 掉下
① v. （失手）落下；掉下；放下
She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone.
她放下刀叉赶紧去接电话。
② v. （使）滴下；滴水
Tears dropped from her face.
③ v. （使）下降；降低
He dropped his voice.
Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8 below zero.
[语法]
祈使句
1、普通动词原形+其它（名词或代词）
Help yourself! 请自己动手。
Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！
2、be 动词 + 形容词
Be quiet!
祈使句的否定形式是在其前边加 Don't.
Don't be silly!
某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是带to的动词不定式结构。
Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。
Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.
do的用法
① 助动词：to do with
② 实义动词：Don't do that.
[课文]
SAM: What are you going to do with that vase, Penny
PENNY: I'm going to put it on this table, Sam.
SAM: Don't do that. Give it to me.
PENNY: What are you going to do with it
SAM: I'm going to put it here, in front of the window.
PENNY: Be careful! Don't drop it!
Don't put it there, Sam.
Put it here, on this shelf.
SAM: There we are!
It's a lovely vase.
PENNY: Those flowers are lovely, too.

Lesson 40 What are you going to do
I'm going to …

[词汇]（3）
show v. 给……看
send v. 送给
take v. 带给

★send v. 送给
① v. 送给；寄
I’ll send him a present.
② v. 差遗；命（请）……去
He sent his secretary for a doctor.
Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries.
[语法]
词组：动词+介词
put on 穿上 take off 脱下
动词加介词的词组，再加名词，名词可以放中间，也可以放后边；而如果是动词加代词的词组，则只能放中间。
Put your coat on! = Put on your coat!
Put it on!
Lesson 41 Penny's bag

[词汇]（8）
cheese n. 乳酪，干酪
bread n. 面包
soap n. 肥皂
chocolate n. 巧克力
sugar [ ] n. 糖
coffee n. 咖啡
tea n. 茶
tobacco [ ] n. 烟草，烟丝
★bar
① n. 条；块
He has just had a chocolate bar.
② n. （门、窗的）闩；杆
He is now behind bars.
他现在被关在监狱里。（bar指窗上装有铁栅栏，behind bars是一种非正式固定用语，意为in prison，关在监狱里）
③ n. 酒吧（间）
The bar is very crowded.
★pound
① n. 磅；常衡磅；金衡磅
It weighs 15 pounds.
② n. 英磅（全称为pound sterling）
Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.
半磅咖啡的价格是一英镑。
[课文]
SAN: Is that bag heavy, Penny
PENNY: Not very.
SAN: Here!
Put it on this chair. What's in it
PENNY: A piece of cheese. A loaf of bread. A bar of soap. A bar of Chocolate.
A bottle of milk. A pound of sugar. Half a pound of coffee.
A quarter of pound of tea. And a tin of tobacco.
SAN: Is that tin of tobacco for me
PENNY: Well, it's certainly not for me!
[课文注释]
1、Put it on this chair. 把它放在这把椅子上。
在没有扶手的椅子上用on，在有扶手的椅子上用in。
2、表示数量的短语：
a piece of 一张 a loaf of 一个
a bar of 一条 a bottle of 一瓶
a pound of 一磅 half a pound of 半磅
a quarter of 四分之一 a tin of 一听
Lesson 42 Is there a…in/on that…
[词汇]（3）
bird n. 鸟
any det. 一些
some det. 一些
Lesson 43 Hurry up!

[词汇]（7）
of course 当然
kettle n. 水壶
behind prep.在……后面
teapot n. 茶壶
now adv. 现在，此刻
find v. 找到
boil v. 沸腾，开

★of course 当然（口语）
certainly 当然（口语和书面语）
sure 当然（美语多用）

★find 找到（表示结果）
① v. 找到；寻得
It is most important to find a suitable person for the job.
② v. 找出；查明
Shall we ever find an answer to the tough problem
我们能找出解决这一难题的办法吗？
It is found that 70% of college students have part-time jobs.
已查明，有70%的大学生做兼职工作。
look for 寻找的动作，不强调结果
We are looking for a lost pen. But it is not sure you can find it.
find out 寻找，找到，查明事情的真相、原由
search 搜查，搜索
discover 探索，发现（让别人重新认识）
Discovery 《探索》
invent 发现，发明（全新的事物）
★boil v. 沸腾，开
① v. 开，滚；沸腾
When water boils it changes into steam. 水沸腾时会变成蒸气。
② v. （海等）翻腾；汹涌
The stormy sea is boiling. 暴风雨中的大海汹涌起伏。
③ v. （人、感情等）激动；发怒
Seeing the national flag made me boil. 看着国旗，我心潮澎湃。
★make the tea 沏茶
make up 编造，下定，化妆
make up one’s mind 下定某人决心

make v. 做
① v. 制作；创造
Hollywood can make the most famous film stars in world.
好莱坞可以造就世界上最著名的影星。
② v. 产生，引起；导致
You have made a serious mistake.
Don’t make so much noise, please!
③ v. 整理；料理；准备
The coffee is made. 咖啡煮好了。
[语法]
情态动词can的用法
can是情态动词，本身不表示动作，表示体力或脑力方面的能力或客观可能等。它必须与其他动词连用，本身没有人称和数格的变化。Can的否定形式为can not，cannot或can’t（省略式）。
I can make the tea.
I can't make the tea.
Can you make the tea
Yes, I can. /No, I can't.
What can you/ I do
[课文]
PENNY: Can you make the tea, Sam
SAM: Yes, of course I can, Penny.
Is there any water in this kettle
PENNY: Yes, there is.
SAM: Where's the tea
PENNY: It's over there, behind the teapot.
Can you see it
SAM: I can see the teapot, but I can't see the tea.
PENNY: There it is!
It's in front of you!
SAM: Ah yes, I can see it now.
Where are the cups
PENNY: There are some in the cupboard.
Can you find them
SAM: Yes. Here they are.
PENNY: Hurry up, Sam!
The kettle's boiling!
[课文注释]
The kettle’s boiling!
这里的kettle=water in the kettle。用容器来指代容器内的东西是一种修辞格，叫借代（metonymy）。
Lesson 45 The boss's letter

[词汇]（6）
can modal verb 能够
boss n. 老板，上司
minute n. 分（钟）
ask v.请求，要求
handwriting n. 书写
terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的
★minute n. 分（钟）
a minute/ one minute 一分钟；一会儿
★terrible adj. 糟糕的，可怕的
① adj. 可怕的；骇人的
This is a picture of terrible new weapons.
这是一张可怕的新式武器的图片。
② adj. 困难的；费劲的
Who can accomplish this terrible task
③ adj. 极度的；非常严重的
I’ve got a terrible headache.
④ adj. 糟透的（口语）；很蹩脚的
She is terrible at maths. 她的数学很蹩脚。
[课文]
THE BOSS: Can you come here a minute please, Bob
BOB: Yes, sir
THE BOSS: Where's Pamela
BOB: She's next door.
She's in her office, sir.
THE BOSS: Can she type this letter for me Ask her please.
BOB: Yes, sir.
Can you type this letter for the boss please, Pamela
PAMELA: Yes, of course I can.
BOB: Here you are.
PAMELA: Thank you, Bob.
Bob!
BOB: Yes What's the matter
PAMELA: I can't type this letter.
I can't read it!
The boss's handwriting is terrible!
Lesson 46 Can you …

[词汇]（3）
lift v. 拿起，搬起，举起
cake n. 饼，蛋糕
biscuit [biskit] n. 饼干
★lift v. 拿起，搬起，举起
① v. 提；抬；举
The elderly lady lifted her eyes from the book.
那位年长的女士从书本上抬起眼睛。
② v. 提高；搞高……地位
This polity lifted Chinese exports of silk.
这项政策提高了中国丝绸的出口量。
Lesson 47 A cup of coffee

[词汇]（2）
like v. 喜欢，想要
want v. 想
★like v. 喜欢，想要
① v. 喜欢
② v. 想要；希望有
Would you like some coffee
★want v. 想
① v. 想要；希望
want sb. to do sth. 想某人做某事
The boss wants Pamela to type a letter for him.
② v. 需要
My leather shoes want cleaning.
我的皮鞋需要擦擦了。
Those drooping flowers want water.
那些正在枯萎的花朵需要水分。
[语法]
一般现在时
概念：
经常的习惯或反复的动作
现在的事实或状态描述
自然界的客观真理或事实
在口语中可代替一般将来时
结构：
1、肯定句：
① S + be
② S + V原形
③ S + V(e)s：第三人称单数
I want an apple.
She likes apples.
2、否定句：
① S +be +not
② S +don’t +V
③ S +doesn't +V
3、一般疑问句：
① Be +S +…
第一种结构变疑问句要把be动词提前
② Do +S+V原+…
Do you …
Yes, I do. /No, I don't.
③ Does +S +V原 +…
Does she …
Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
[课文]
CHRISTINE: Do you like coffee, Ann
ANN: Yes, I do.
CHRISTINE: Do you want a cup
ANN: Yes, please, Christine.
CHRISTINE: Do you want any sugar
ANN: Yes, please.
CHRISTINE: Do you want any milk
ANN: No, thank you.
I don't like milk in my coffee.
I like black coffee.
CHRISTINE: Do you like biscuits
ANN: Yes, I do.
CHRISTINE: Do you want one
ANN: Yes, please.
[课文注释]
I like black coffee.
black coffee是指不加牛奶或咖啡伴侣的咖啡，加牛奶的咖啡叫white coffee，black tea 红茶。
Lesson 48 Do you like …
Do you want …

[词汇]（16）
fresh adj. 新鲜的
egg n. 鸡蛋
butter n. 黄油
pure adj. 纯净的
honey n. 蜂蜜
ripe adj. 成熟的
banana n. 香蕉
jam n. 果酱
sweet adj. 甜的
orange n. 橙
Scotch whisky 苏格兰威士忌
choice adj. 上等的，精选的
apple n. 苹果
wine n. 酒，果酒
beer n. 啤酒
blackboard n. 黑板

[语法]
序数词
1st——first 2nd——second 3rd——third
4th——fourth 5th——fifth 6th——sixth
7th——seventh 8th——eighth 9th——ninth
10th——tenth 11th——eleventh 12th——twelfth
英语中序数词必须与定冠词（the）连用。如：the 1th month，the twelfth century（12世纪）
Lesson 49 At the butcher's

[词汇]（11）
butcher[ ] n. 卖肉的
meat n. 肉
beef n. 牛肉
lamb n. 羔羊肉
husband n. 丈夫
steak n. 牛排
mince n. 肉馅，绞肉
chicken n. 鸡
tell v. 告诉
truth n. 实情
either adv. 也（用于否定句）

★butcher n. 卖肉的
在英文表示“某一商店”的商店中，往往可以把shop省略，如课文中的the butcher’s (shop)和the greengrocer’s (shop)，类似的例子还有the hairdresser’s (shop)，the stationer’s (shop)，the docter’s (office)，my mother’s (house)等。
★tell v. 告诉
tell the truth 说实话
tell a lie 撒谎
tell a story 讲故事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
say 说话，强调说话的内容
say to oneself 自言自语
speak 讲话，强调说话的动作，讲某种语言
speak to sb. 和某人讲话
speak of sb. /sth. 谈到某人/某事
Do you speak English
talk 谈话，谈论某些事情
talk about 谈论关于……
talk of 谈到
talk show 脱口秀
talk to sb. 和某人谈话
chat 聊天
chat room 聊天室 chitchat
have a chat with sb./chat with sb. 和某人聊天
★truth n. 实情，事实
true adj. 真实的
come true 梦想成真
true lie 真实的谎言
★either adv. 也（用于否定句）
either一般用于否定句,位于句末，前面通常有逗号。
too常用于肯定句，有时也用于疑问句，但不能用于否定句。常见于句末，too前常有逗号；如果不在句末，too前后都应当有逗号。
[语法]
动词加 s(es) 规则
1、一般动词直接加-s
2、s, x, sh, ch, z 结尾的单词加 -es 变化
push -> pushes pass -> passes catch -> catches
fix -> fixes buzz -> buzzes watch -> watches wash -> washes
3、辅音字母加y 结尾，要变y为i加es.
try -> tries worry -> worries study -> studies cry -> cries
4、辅音字母+o+es
do -> does go -> goes
动词不定式
动词不定式不能作谓语，其它的都可作。动词不定式就是to+动词原型。
to tell you the truth 告诉你实话吧（动词不定式短语）
To say is one thing. To do is another. 说是一回事，做又是一回事。
some、any用法：
some/any +可数名词复数/不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句或疑问句；但在征求对方意见时希望得到对方肯定答复，some可用于疑问句
I want some books.
I don’t want any books.
Do you want any books
What about… ……怎么样？（征求对方意见）
Would you like… 你愿意……吗？
Would you like some bread
[课文]
BUTCHER: Do you want any meat today, Mrs. Bird
MRS.BIRD: Yes, please.
BUTCHER: Do you want beef or lamb
MRS.BIRD: Beef, please.
BUTCHER: This lamb's very good.
MRS.BIRD: I like lamb, but my husband doesn't.
BUTCHER: What about some steak
This is a nice piece.
MRS.BIRD: Give me that piece, please.
And a pound of mince, too.
BUTCHER: Do you want a chicken, Mrs. Bird
They 're very nice.
MRS.BIRD: No, thank you.
My husband likes steak, but he doesn't like chicken.
BUTCHER: To tell you the truth, Mrs. Bird, I don't like chicken either!
Lesson 50 He likes …
But he doesn't like

[词汇]（9）
tomato n. 西红柿
potato n. 土豆
cabbage n. 卷心菜
lettuce[ ] n. 莴苣
pea n. 豌豆
bean n. 豆角
pear [ ] n. 梨
grape n. 葡萄
peach n. 桃
Lesson 51 A pleasant climate

[词汇]（26）
Greece n. 希腊-> Greek：希腊人
climate n. 气候
country n. 国家
pleasant adj. 宜人的
weather n. 天气
spring n. 春季 [in spring]
windy adj. 有风的
warm adj. 温暖的
rain v. 下雨
sometimes adv. 有时
summer n. 夏天
autumn n. 秋天
winter n. 冬天
snow v. 下雪
January n. 1月
February n. 2月
March n. 3月
April n. 4月
May n. 5月
June n. 6月
July n. 7月
August n. 8月
September n. 9月
October n. 10月
November n. 11月
December n. 12月

★climate n. 气候 （指某一地区数年间的天气情况）
★weather n. 天气（指某个特定的时间内睛、雨、风雪变化）
What’s the weather like… 天气怎么样？
What’s the climate like… 气侯怎么样？
★like
① vt. 喜欢，想要
② prep. 象……一亲友
be like 象……
She is like her brother.
look like 看起来象……
They look like twins.
The new building looks like a big bird.
feel like +n.或Ving 喜欢
★country n. 国家
nation n. 国家，民族
state n. 国家，政府，州
land n. 陆地，国家（书面语） v. 登陆
homeland n. 祖国，本国
motherland n. 祖国
★pleasant adj. 宜人的
① 令人愉快的；舒适合意的
This study is pleasant to work in. 在这个书房里工作令人感到舒适。
② （人或其外表、举止等）讨人喜欢；（性情等）和蔼可亲的
Adrew seemed very pleasant on the phone.
安德鲁在电话里显得很和蔼可亲。
present adj. 现在的 n. 礼物
peasant=farmer n. 农民
president n. 总统，会长，移民
parent 父母亲中的一方
★windy adj. 有风的
windy joy 空欢喜
joy FM. 欢乐调频
Always look for the joy in life. 永远在生命中寻找快乐！
★sometimes adv. 有时
time 时间，次数
some times 一些次数
I have been there some times.
sometime 某时
When will you come here
I’m not sure. Maybe sometime next week.
Sometime I go shopping with my friends.
some time 一些时间
Give me some time to think it over.
Have you made up your mind about this
I need some time to think it over.
★fall n. 秋天（美） vi. 倒下，落下
legend 传奇
[Legends of the Fall 秋日传奇，燃情岁月]
[语法]
What…(be,look…) like
What…like？这一句型用于询问事物的状况，如天气、气候，或询问人物或事物的外观或特征：
What’s it like today
What’s your house like
许多形容词可用以回答What…like？这样的问题，并可根据上下文给以笼统的或确切的信息。
频率副词：
often [经常]、sometimes [有时]、always [总是]、usually [通常]、never [从来不]
频率副词一般放在be动词之后，行为动词之前。如果是否定句或是疑问句用在助动词和行为动词之间，为表示强调频率副词可以放在句首或者是句尾。
She is often late.
I often go swimming.
[课文]
HANS: Where do you come from
DIMITRI: I come from Greece.
HANS: What's the climate like in your country
DIMITRI: It's very pleasant.
HANS: What's the weather like in spring
DIMITRI: It's often windy in March.
It's always warm in April and May, but it rains sometimes.
HANS: What's it like in summer
DIMITRI: It's always hot in June, July and August.
The sun shines every day.
HANS: Is it cold or warm in autumn
DIMITRI: It's always warm in September and October.
It's often cold in November and it rains sometimes.
HANS: Is it very cold in winter
DIMITRI: It's often cold in December, January and February.
It snows sometimes.
[课文注释]
What’s the climate like in your country
What…(be/look) like 这个句型用于询问事物的状况，如天气、气候等，也可询问人物或事物的外观或特征。
What’s your house like
lesson 52 What nationality are they
Where do they come from
[词汇]（11）
the U.S. n. 美国 -> American：美国人
Brazil n. 巴西 -> Brazilian：巴西人
Holland n. 荷兰 -> Dutch：荷兰人
England n. 英国 -> English：英国人
France n. 法国 -> French：法国人
Germany n. 德国 -> German：德国人
Italy n. 意大利 -> Italian：意大利人
Norway n. 挪威 -> Norwegian：挪威人
Russia n. 俄罗斯 -> Russian：俄国人
Spain n. 西班牙 -> Spanish：西班牙人
Sweden n. 瑞典 -> Swedish：瑞典人
★the U.S. n. 美国
the U.S.=the Unied States of America
Lesson 53 An interesting climate

[词汇]（17）
mild [ ] adj. 温和的，温暖的
always adv. 总是
north n. 北方
east n. 东方
wet adj. 潮湿的
west n. 西方
south n. 南方
season n. 季节
best adv. 最
night n. 夜晚
rise v. 升起
early adv. 早
set v. （太阳）落下去
late adv. 晚，迟
interesting adj. 有趣的，有意思的
subject n. 话题；[语法]主语；科目
conversation n. 谈话
★mild adj. 温和的，温暖的
① adj. （天气等）温暖的；暖和的；
They had an exceptionally mild winter last year.
② adj. （性情等）温和的；
John is a mild man who never raises his voice.
③ adj. （食物等）味淡的
Try this mild curry. 试试这种淡味咖喱。
He likes to smoke mild cigars. 他喜欢抽淡味雪茄烟。
wild adj. 野性的，野生的
child n. 孩子
warm adj. 暖和的，温暖的
mild：（人）性格温和的（与生俱来）
gentle：温和的，文雅的（后天）
gentleman n. 绅士
★north n. 北方
in the North= in the north of England
表示一个国家或地区的方位词如果单独使用一般要大写，但仅仅表示方位意义的方位词不需大写。如：a north wind、a south window等。
★wet adj. 潮湿的
all in wet 全身湿透了
damp adj. 潮湿的
moist adj. 给人湿的感觉
★west n. 西方
go west 去死
★rise v. 升起
① v. （日、月等）升起；上升
The curtain rises at 8.00 p.m. 剧在晚上8点钟开演。
② v. （河水、物价、温度等）上涨；升高；增加
The level of the river is still rising.
③ v. 起身；起床
The house rose to the singers. 全场起立向歌唱演员们致意。
★subject n. 话题；[语法]主语；科目
How many subjects do you have in your class
theme n. 论文，演讲的主题
topic n. 一篇文章或对话的主题
★conversation n. 谈话
This is our favorite subject.
This is our favorite subject of conversation.
英国：大不列巅及北爱尔兰联合王国
England 英格兰
Scotland 苏格兰
Ireland 爱尔兰
Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰
Wales 威尔士
[课文]
HANS: Where do you come from
JIM: I come from England.
HANS: What's the climate like in your country
JIM: It's mild, but it's not always pleasant.
The weather's often cold in the North and windy in the East.
It's often wet in the West and sometimes warm in the South.
HANS: Which seasons do you like best
JIM: I like spring and summer.
The days are long and the nights are short.
The sun rises early and sets late.
I don't like autumn and winter.
The days are short and the nights are long.
The sun rises late and set early.
Our climate is not very good, but it's certainly interesting.
It's our favourite subject of conversation.

Lesson 54 What nationality are they
Where do they come from

[词汇]（21）
Australia n. 澳大利亚
Australian n. 澳大利亚人
Austria n. 奥地利
Austrian n. 奥地利人
Canada n. 加拿大
Canadian n. 加拿大人
China n. 中国 Chinese
Finland n. 芬兰
Finnish n. 芬兰人
India n. 印度
Indian n. 印度人
Japan n. 日本 Japanese
Nigeria [ ] n. 尼日利亚
Nigerian n. 尼日利亚人
Turkey [ ] n. 土耳其
Turkish n. 土耳其人
Korea n. 韩国
Polish n. 波兰人
Poland n. 波兰
Thai n. 泰国人
Thailand n. 泰国

Lesson 55 The Sawyer family

[词汇]（11）
live v. 住，生活
stay v. 呆在，停留
home n. 家；adv. 到家
housework n. 家务
lunch n. 午饭
afternoon n. 下午
usually adv. 通常
together adv. 一起
evening n. 晚上
arrive v. 到达
night n. 夜间

★live v. 住，生活
① v. 居住，生活
② v. 活，生存
My grandmother lived until she was 94.
Fish can’t live long out of water.
③ v. 过生活；享受生活乐趣
At 40 he was just beginning to live.
他到40岁刚刚开始过上富有意义的生活。
You haven’t lived till you’ve been to Paris.
你没到过巴黎就算不上享受过生活。
④ 靠……生活（by/on）
He lives by playing the violin.
He lives on the fortune left to him by his father.
⑤ adj. 现场的
live show 现场演出
live：长期居住在 …；短期住
live in 住在一个比较大的地方（国家、城市）
live at 住在一个比较小的地方（区、街道）
They live at Eighty-seven King Street.
inhabit：世世代代居住
reside[ ]：（正式用语）合法居住在 …
I live in Beijing, but I really want to reside in Beijing.
life n. 生活
make a living 谋生
What you get is a living, what you give is a life. 得到的是生存，付出的是生活。
★stay v. 呆在，停留
① v. 呆在，停留
② v. 逗留，暂住
We were staying at the same hotel.
③ v. 保持，保留
The house has to stay exactly at it was. 这所房子必须完全保持原来的样子。
★home n. 家；adv. 到家
stay at home：呆在家
homework n. 家庭作业
homely adj. 家常的
homely dish 家常菜
homeless adj. 无家可归的
homelike adj. 像家的
homeland n. 祖国
homesick 想家
homemade adj. 家里自制的
hometown n. 家乡
★housework n. 家务
do the housework 做家务活
★together adv. 一起
drink tea together 一起喝茶
My friends and I often drink tea together at weekend.
★arrive vi. 到达
① v. 到达，到来
The train is expected to arrive in London at 8.20 p.m.
火车预计在晚上8点20分抵达伦敦。
② v. （时间等）来临，（婴儿）出生
At last the day of granduation arrived. 毕业的那一天终于来临。
Elizabeth’s bady arrived at midnight.
伊丽莎白的婴儿是午夜时分降生的。
arrive in（大地方）/arrive at（小地方）
I get school very early everyday.
reach vt. 到达（及物动词）
reach Beijing
[课文]
The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.
In the morning, Mr. Sawyer goes to work and the children go to school.
Mrs. Sawyer stays at home every day. She does the housework.
In the afternoon, she usually sees her friends. They often drink tea together.
In the evening, the children come home from school. They arrive home early.
Mr. Sawyer comes home from work. He arrives home late.
At night, the children always do their homework. Then they go to bed. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper, but sometimes he and his wife watch television.
[课文注释]
1、The Sawyers live at 87 King Street.
the Sawyers是指索耶一家。在英文中，姓氏后面加s，前面加定冠词the，用来指一家人，特别是丈夫和妻子。
2、She always eats her lunch at noon.
at noon下午，也叫midday
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
at noon/ night
如果说某日夜里，则用介词on
on the night of June 2
3、They arrive home early.
在本句中home和early都是副词，下文中的home和late也是副词。
Lesson 57 An unusual day
[词汇]（3）
o'clock adv. 点钟
shop n. 商店
moment n. 片刻，瞬间
★o'clock adv. 点钟
what’s the time / What time is it
整点：It’s … o’clock.
2、几点过几分：It’s 分钟 past 点钟. 或 It’s 点钟 分钟.
在某个钟点的1到30分钟内，用past表示。
It’s eight past three.
It’s six ten.
3、半点之后：It’s 分钟 to 点钟.
时间是在某个钟点的31分到下一个整点，常用介词to。
It’s twenty to seven.
以上两种情况也可用直接读出钟点和分钟的方式来表达。
4、半点：It’s half past 点钟.
It’s half past ten.
5、一刻钟
① 几点15分：a quarter past 点钟
② 几点45分：a quarter to 点钟
表示在什么时间通常都需用介词at。
[语法]
一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时表示一般的动作或不断重复发生的动作，表示永久的情况；现在进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作，动作还没有完成，表示暂时的情况。
有些动词（如like，want，know等）不是动作动词，不能用进行时态。
一般现在时表达某个习惯性动作，通常与时间频度副词连用，如usually，always，often，sometimes，never等；现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，一般与now，at the moment，today，this afternoon，this evening，tonight等连用。

[课文]
It is eight o'clock. The children go to school by car every day, but today, they are going to school on foot.
It is ten o'clock. Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home in the morning, but this morning, she is going to the shops.
It is four o'clock. In the afternoon, Mrs. Sawyer usually drinks tea in the living room. But this afternoon, she is drinking tea in the garden.
It is six o'clock. In the evening, the children usually do their homework, but this evening, they are not doing their homework. At the moment, they are playing in the garden.
It is nine o'clock. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper at night. But he's not reading his newspaper tonight. At the moment, he's reading an interesting book.
Lesson 59 Is that all

[词汇]（8）
envelope [ ] n.信封
writing paper 信纸
shop assistant 售货员
size n. 尺寸，尺码，大小
pad n. 信笺簿 （可数）
glue n. 胶水 （不可数）
chalk n. 粉笔 （不可数）
change n. 零钱，找给的钱
★writing paper 信纸
paper （论文）/ newspaper 中的 paper 是可数的
writing paper 是不可数的（a piece of paper，a sheet of paper）

★size n. 尺寸，尺码，大小
① n.（衣服、鞋、帽等的）尺码，号
special size 特大号 large size 大号 medium size中号（均码）
small size小号 pocket size 袖珍型 portable size 便携式的
② n.（尺寸、体积、规模、身材等的）大小；（数量）多少
There are houses of all sizes in that town.
We have chosen some boys all of the same size.
★glue n. 胶水 （不可数）
a bottle of glue
★chalk n. 粉笔 （不可数）
a piece of chalk
a box of chalk/ a large box of chalk /small boxes
★change n. 零钱，找给的钱
① n. 找头；零钱
I have no change about me.
② n. 变化；转换
Roast beef is a welcome change from the usual tasteless food.
烤牛肉与平素无味的饭菜比起来实在是一种让人欣喜的变化.
Let’s go to a French restaurant for a change. 咱们去家法国餐馆吧,换换口味.
[语法]
have/has的用法
1、当 have 表示“拥有、具有”这个概念的时候，其否定形式和疑问形式各有两种。
这种情况，可以在 have/has 后直接加not, 也可以象普通动词那样，借助一般现在时助动词 do/does 来表示否定和疑问。
I haven't a sister. / I don't have a sister.
Have you a sister / Do you have a sister
have当“拥有”讲时，可用于所有一般时态，却不能用于进行时态。
2、当have表示行为动作的时候，不可以在have/has后直接加not，而要借助一般现在时助动词do/does来表示否定和疑问。have作实义动词时可以用于各种时态。
I have my lunch at twelve every day.
I don't have my lunch at twelve every day.
Do you have your lunch at twelve every day
have/has 实义动词，有时可以代替一些普通动词，如吃、喝、跳、游泳等
eat one's lunch/have one's lunch；take/have some medicine；have a swim；have a chat(talk/walk)；have a rest；have/ take a break；have a cup of coffee；eat one's lunch/have one's lunch
3、have可以作为助动词，其一，用于现在完成时。其二，没有实际意义。
have/has/haven't/hasn't.
I have been to H.K..
She has been to U.S.A..
4、have（have got）常与表示疼痛和疾病的名词连用。
① 有的前面要加不定冠词，有些可加可不加不定冠词
have a cold；have (a) backache/tomach ache/toothache
② 复数形式的疾病名称前面不用冠，如measles（麻疹），mumps（流行性腮腺炎），shingles（带子状疱疹）
Most children are in bed with mumps.
③ 被认为不可数的疾病名称前面不用冠词，如flu（流行性感冒），gout（痛风），hepatitis（肝炎）
I was in bed with flu for ten days.
the也可以与flu，measles和mumps等词连用
He’s got the flu/the measles/the mumps.

[课文]
LADY: I want some envelopes, please.
SHOP ASSISTANT: Do you want the large size or the small size
LADY: The large size, please.
Do you have any writing paper
SHOP ASSISTANT: Yes, we do. I don't have any small pads.
I only have large one. Do you want a pad
LADY: Yes, please. And I want some glue.
SHOP ASSISTANT: A bottle of glue.
LADY: