高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册复习学案（5份打包，含答案）

UNIT 2　 WILDLIFE PROTECTION
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　immediately　 adv.立刻
2.　species　 n.物种
3.　average　 n.平均数；平均水平 adj.平均的；正常的；普通的
4.　living　 adj.居住的；活的；在用的 n.生活；生计
5.　measure　 n.措施；方法 vt.测量；度量；估量
6.　pressure　 n.压力；要求
7.　reserve　 n.（动植物）保护区；储藏（量） vt.预订；预留；保留
8.　remind　 vt.提醒；使想起
9.　shoot　 vt.& vi.（过去式　shot　；过去分词　shot　）射杀；射伤；发射
10.　profit　 n.利润；利益
11.　attack　 n.& vi.& vt.攻击；抨击
12.　remove　 vt.去除；移开；脱去
13.　creature　 n.生物；动物
14.　neighbourhood　 n.临近的地方；街区
15.　emotion　 n.感情；情感；情绪
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　legal　adj.合法的；法律的 →　illegal　 adj.不合法的；非法的 →　illegally　 adv.不合法地；非法地
2.　hunt　 vt.& vi.打猎；搜寻；追捕 →　hunter　n.猎人
3.　alarm　 vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.恐慌；警报；警报器 →　alarming　 adj.惊人的；使人惊恐的 → 　alarmed　 adj.担忧的；惊恐的
4.　extinct　 adj.已灭绝的 →　extinction　 n.灭绝
5.　aware　 adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的 →　awareness　 n.意识；感悟能力 →　unaware　 adj.未发觉的；不知道的
6.　endanger　 vt.使遭受危险；危害 →　endangered　 adj.濒危的 →　danger　 n.危险 →　dangerous　 adj.危险的
7.　concern　 vt.涉及；让……担忧→　concerned　 adj.担心的；关切的 →　concerning　 prep. 关于
8.　adapt　 vi.适应 vt.使适应；使适合 →　adaptation　n.适应；改编；改编本
9.　observe　 vt.观察（到）；注视；遵守 →　observation　n.观察；注视
10.　effect　 n.效果；作用；影响 →　effective　 adj.有效的；生效的
11.　recover　 vi.恢复；康复 vt.找回；寻回→　recovery　 n.恢复；康复
12.　intend　 vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要→　intention　 n.计划；打算
13.　threat　 n.威胁 →　threaten　 vt.威胁；危及
14.　exist　 vi.存在；生存 →　existence　 n.存在；生存
15.　harmony　 n.和谐；融洽 →　harmonious　 adj.和谐的
16.　reduce　 vt.减少 →　reduction　 n.减少；缩小；下降；降低
17.　usual　 adj.平常的；惯常的；通常的→　usually　 adv.通常；平常→　unusual　 adj.特别的；不寻常的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.poster　n.　海报　
2.mass　adj.　大量的；广泛的　　n.　大量；堆；群　
3.habitat　n.　（动植物的）生活环境；栖息地　
4.authority　n.　官方；当权；权威　
5.plain　n.　平原　　adj.　简单明了的；直率的；平凡的　
6.beauty　n.　美；美人；美好的东西　
7.fur　n.　毛（皮）；毛皮衣服　
8.sacred　adj.　神圣的；受尊敬的　
9.goods　n.　商品；货物　
10.insect　n.　昆虫　
11.stir　vt.　激发；搅动　
12.skin　n.　皮；皮肤　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　on earth　 （放在疑问词之后表示强调）究竟；到底
2.　die out　 灭亡；逐渐消失
3.　aware of　 意识到；知道
4.　on average　 平均
5.　make progress　 取得进步
6.　concerned about　 对……关切的；为……担忧的
7.　adapt to　 适应
8.　under pressure　 在压力下；承受压力
9.　make out　 看清；听清；分清
10.　remind sb. of sb./sth.　使某人想起（类似的人或物）
11.　watch over　 保护；照管；监督
12.　day and night　 日日夜夜；夜以继日
13.　due to　 由于；因为
14.　search for　 搜索；查找
15.　stir up　 激起
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　This is why we’re here　 — to observe Tibetan antelopes.（this is why...）
这就是我们在这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。
2.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature 　can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet　. （"only＋状语从句"位于句首引起的倒装）
只有学会和自然和谐共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
3.　When it comes to wildlife protection　， all species — the good， the bad， and the ugly — should be treated equally. （when it comes to...）
就野生动物保护而论，所有的物种——有益的、有害的和丑陋的——都应该得到公平的对待。
4.Is it right to make animals homeless 　so that humans can have more paper　？ （so that引导目的状语从句）
让动物们无家可归，只是为了让人类能有更多的纸，这样做对吗？
5.That is 　what the animals really need most　. （表语从句）
那才是动物们真正最需要的。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Once the damage is done， it will take many years for the farmland to 　recover　 （恢复）.
2.It’s our duty to leave a better， cleaner and healthier planet for our children， so effective 　measures　 （措施） are badly needed to maintain the ecological balance.
3.Home heating is responsible for 17 percent of greenhouse gas materials， so 　removing　（去除） fossil fuel-based heating will help the environment.
4.It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine， so we’d better take it to the garage 　immediately　（立刻）.
5.If however hard you study you can only score an 　average　 grade， don’t worry. Your talent lies somewhere else. Not everyone is an A-student.
6.The trip back to my hometown 　reminds　 me of the happy days I spent there when I was a child.
7.　Attacked　 by the enemies， the historic city was nearly reduced to ruins.
8.As the living environment becomes worse and worse， many 　species　 are gradually disappearing.
9. When you face 　pressure　 and find it hard to deal with， talk to someone you trust， a friend or a teacher.
10.Changbaishan is one of China’s first national nature 　reserves　 and is still kept in its natural state.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The 　harmony　 between human beings and nature is one of the key aspects in building a 　harmonious　 society. （harmony）
2.Our parents are 　concerned　 about our well-being（健康）. As far as I’m 　concerned　， that’s why they are urging more lectures 　concerning　 health education at school. （concern）
3.He has been 　observing　 the situation of that region for a long time， so his 　observation　 is believable. （observe）
4.The disease spread at an 　alarming　 rate. The family were 　alarmed　 that one of their neighbours got infected（感染）. （alarm）
5.Each creature has its significance of 　existence　， and they are in the natural law of survival. Perhaps when one species dies out， another won’t 　exist　. （exist）
6.The doctor said he 　recovered　 faster than expected and that sunshine， fresh air and proper rest would do good to his 　recovery　. （recover）
7.The disappearance of forest not only poses a 　threat　 to animals， but also 　threatens　 the living of human beings. （threat）
8.The second floor to be open is 　intended　 for teenagers， so the librarian has every 　intention　 of introducing some books concerning natural science.（intend）
9.A mass of languages have gone 　extinct　 in the last century. Some scholars have set up an organization to prevent more languages from 　extinction　. （extinct）
10.In the past， forests were 　dangerous　 because there were animals like tigers and lions， which greatly 　endangered　 people’s lives. But now， forests are disappearing quickly and animals living there are in 　danger　 of extinction.（danger）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
on earth　die out　on average　make progress
adapt to　under pressure　make out
day and night　due to　search for
1.It’s really a waste to have lights on 　day and night　.
2.Many species are in danger of extinction 　due to　 our destruction of their natural habitat.
3.When we are 　under pressure　， we tend to desire sugary and fatty foods.
4.If a species 　dies out　， we will never see them again. Therefore， we should take good care of the animals and plants around us instead of killing and destroying them.
5.　On average　， happy people have stronger immune systems， and there is evidence that they live longer.
6.Accustomed to living in the countryside， the old man finds it hard to 　adapt to　 the life in the city.
7.I really don’t know why 　on earth　 you wanted to go to such a place.
8.Through long-term efforts in many aspects， the government has so far 　made progress　 in fighting illegal hunting.
9.Nowadays， people usually 　search for　 information on the phone or iPad instead of looking everything up in different books.
10.Kate heard a man’s voice in the background， but she couldn’t 　make out　 what he was saying.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.我整个下午都在玩手机，这就是我没能完成作业的原因。（this is why...）
I spent the whole afternoon on my phone and 　this is why I failed to finish my homework　.
2.我坚信，只有坚持努力学习，我才能实现自己的目标。（"only＋状语从句"位于句首引起的倒装）
I hold the firm belief that only if I insist on studying hard 　can I achieve my goal　.
3.说到诗歌，李白被认为是历史上最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。（when it comes to...）
　When it comes to poetry　， Li Bai is regarded as one of the greatest romantic poets throughout history.
4.你能给我一份详细的时间表以便我提前做好安排吗？（so that引导目的状语从句）
Could you give me a detailed schedule 　so that I can make arrangements in advance　？
5.问题是你如何才能迅速适应新学校。（表语从句）
The question is 　how you can adapt yourself to the new school quickly　.
During the summer holiday， my family came to Xizang to observe Tibetan antelopes. There， with binoculars， we made out a herd of graceful animals on the plain and were struck by their beauty and speed. Tibetan antelopes can run at an average speed of 80 km/h. At the same time， I was reminded of the danger they were in. They were hunted illegally for profits. Especially in the 1980s and 1990s， not only were they shot by hunters， but also their living spaces were becoming smaller due to the construction of roads and railways， which concerned people very much. It’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes. Their population was reduced sharply. Luckily， the authorities were aware of the situation， and took effective measures to prevent this species from extinction. The reserve protecting their habitats was set up and volunteers watched them over day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Finally， their population has recovered and they have been removed from the endangered species list. However， the government didn’t intend to give up the protection programmes. Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
1　　aware adj.知道；发觉；有……意识的
1.[人教选必③－3]Furthermore， the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental 　awareness　 （aware） and encourage greater use of clean energy.
2.Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware 　of　 the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of "parks" out of open spaces.
3.这些活动旨在提高每个人保护野生动物的意识。 （活动报道）
　These activities are intended to raise everyone’s awareness of protecting wildlife.　
be intended to do也可以替换成aim to do， be designed to do或be an attempt to do。
★be aware of...意识到…… be aware that... 知道/意识到…… ★awareness n.知道；认识；意识；兴趣 raise/increase one’s awareness of...加强/增强某人对……的意识
2　　average adj.平均的；正常的；普通的　n.平均数；平均水平　vt.计算出……的平均数
1.[北师必修③－8]Over the past 100 years， 　average temperatures　 （平均温度） around the world have risen by between 0.5 ℃ and 1 ℃.
根据句中的谓语have risen可知，空处填的主语应为复数形式。
2.在暑假期间，我们平均每天花三个小时在线学习。 （线上课程）
→①　On average， we spend three hours a day studying online during the summer vacation.　（on average）
→②　During the summer vacation， we spend an average of three hours a day studying online.　（an average of）
3.我最敬重的人就是我的语文老师，他中等身材，总是戴着一副眼镜。（人物介绍）
　The person I respect most is my Chinese teacher. He is of average build and always wears a pair of glasses.　
★an average of 平均有…… above/below （the） average超过/低于平均水平 on （the） average平均；一般说来
3　　concern vt.涉及；让……担忧　n.担忧；关心
1.There has been a heated debate 　concerning　 （concern） whether to set up a new reserve in this area or not.
2.　As far as he is concerned　 （就他而言）， having disability doesn’t mean his life is not satisfying.
3.[人教选必①－5]However， 　what concerned him most was　（他最担心的是） that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
4.随着旅游业的发展，人们越来越关注环境问题。 （引入话题）
→①As tourism develops， 　people are increasingly concerned about environmental issues　.（concerned）
→②With the development of tourism， 　there is a growing concern about/for environmental issues　.（concern n.）
→③As tourism develops， 　people show/express more and more concern about/for environmental issues　.（concern n.）
★show/express concern about/for... 对……表示担心/关心 ★concerned adj.担心的；关切的；相关的 be concerned about/for... 为……担忧的 be concerned with... 涉及；与……有关 be concerned about/with... 对……关注的 as far as sb./sth. be concerned 就某人/某事而言 ★concerning prep.关于；涉及
4　　adapt vi.适应　vt.使适应；使适合；改编；改写
1.[北师选必②－6]And possibly the best proof of a successful 　adaptation　 （adapt） is the James Bond series， the majority of which has been adapted 　from　 the 007 novels of Ian Fleming.
adapt作"改编"讲时，通常指将小说、戏剧等文学作品改编成电视剧、电影等。adapt for后常跟改编后的电视剧、电影等，adapt from后通常是被改编的小说等文学作品。
2.我知道你很难适应新环境，我想给你一些建议。 （建议信）
I know 　you have difficulty adapting （yourself） to the new environment/it’s difficult for you to adapt （yourself） to the new environment　， and I’d like to give you some advice.
3.我强烈推荐电影《流浪地球》，它是由刘慈欣的一部小说改编而来。 （推荐信）
I highly recommend the film The Wandering Earth， 　which is adapted from a story by Liu Cixin　.（非限制性定语从句）
★adapt to （＝adapt oneself to） 适应 adapt... for... 把……改编成…… adapt... from... 由……改编成…… ★adaptation n.适应；改编本 adaptable adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
5　　measure n.措施；方法　vt.测量；度量；估量
1.[译林必修①－3] I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself 　by　 these standards as our friendship develops.
2.She has asked the tailor to make a new dress 　to　 her measure for the New Year party.
3.The Yellow River， 　measuring　（measure） around 5，464 kilometers， is the origin of Chinese culture.
4.是时候采取有效的措施来控制我们这个地区的水污染了。（倡议）
It’s high time that 　we took/should take effective measures to control water pollution　 in our area.
It’s high time that...后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形。
★measure... by... 用……衡量…… ★take/adopt measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to sb.’s measure 照某人的尺寸做…… ★measure表示"有……长（宽、高等）"时，是系动词，其后直接跟数字，不用于进行时和被动语态，作后置定语时要用现在分词形式。
6　　remind vt.提醒；使想起
1.[译林选必③－4]The incredible splendour of heritage sites is a 　reminder　（remind） of the power of nature and the genius of man.
2.Confucius believed knives would remind people 　of　 killings and were too violent for use at the table.
3.这张海报提醒我们要与自然和谐相处。
→①　The poster reminds us to exist/live in harmony with nature.　（remind sb. to do）
→②　The poster reminds us that we should exist/live in harmony with nature.　（remind sb. that...）
★remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人某事 remind sb. of sb./sth. 使某人想起……（不用于进行时） remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that...提醒某人…… ★reminder n.引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物
7　　recover vi.恢复；康复　vt.找回；寻回
1.The doctors couldn’t tell whether the boy’s mother would recover from　 the brain injury.
2.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the 　recovery　 （recover） time of patients who are suffering from heart disease.
3.She was very upset about the news but quickly recovered herself　 （很快冷静下来）.
4.在老师的帮助下，我慢慢恢复了自信。 （感谢信）
　With the help of my teacher， I gradually recover my confidence.　
5.我们都祝愿你早日完全康复。 （慰问信）
　We all wish you a quick and complete recovery.　
★recover from 从……中恢复过来 recover oneself 恢复冷静 recover one’s confidence/strength 恢复信心/力气 ★recovery n.恢复；痊愈；复苏；找回 make a （quick/slow） recovery（迅速/缓慢）恢复/康复
8　　intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
1.[北师选必③－7]Most people now have no 　intention　（intend） of following in their parents’ footsteps or even staying at one job for very long.
2.The Tiangong station is intended 　to serve　（serve） for the next decade as a laboratory in orbit.
3.The course is intended 　for　 students who want to improve their oral English.
4.[北师必修①－1]Although he 　had only intended to stay for one year　 （本打算只待一年）， he now feels ready to stay for another year.
5.Many of these classics have been adapted for films to make them more accessible to young readers.
→①　Intended to make these classics more accessible to young readers　， many of them have been adapted for films.（intended， 形容词短语作状语）
→②　With the intention of making these classics more accessible to young readers　， many of them have been adapted for films. （intention，介词短语作状语）
★intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb./sth. to do sth.想要某人/某物做某事 had intended to do sth.本打算做某事却未做 ★intention n.意图 with the intention of打算…… have no/every intention of 无意/一心想…… ★be intended for...是为……打算（或设计）的 be intended to do sth.打算/旨在做某事
9　　exist vi.存在；生存
1.[北师必修③－8]In Hong Kong， it is predicted that the three 　existing　（exist） landfills will be full within the next decade.
2.These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish， some of which exist 　on　 insects that can harm the rice crops.
3.[外研选必②－5]One of the oldest species in the ecosystem， the honey bee has been 　in　 existence for millions of years.
4.There 　exist　 many theories about how the universe came into 　existence　. （exist）
There exist（s）是There be句型的变体，表示"有……"，谓语动词的数遵循"就近原则"。
★exist on... 靠……生存 There exist（s）... 有/存在…… ★existence n.存在；生活 in existence 现存的；现有的 come into existence 产生；开始存在 ★existing adj.现存的；现行的
10　　"only＋状语（从句）"位于句首的部分倒装
1.只有合理饮食我们才能保持健康。
Only by eating a balanced diet 　can we keep healthy　.
2.只有来到中国，你才能体验地道的中国美食。 （推荐信）
　Only when you come to China can you experience authentic Chinese food.　
3.只有我们的父母才能给我们提供无私的帮助与支持，请珍惜他们吧！ （演讲稿）
　Only our parents can provide us with selfless help and support　. Please cherish them！
该句中的Only虽然在句首，但是修饰的是主语our parents，而不是状语（从句），所以该句不倒装。
★部分倒装：将be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语的前面。 ★only修饰状语从句时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。 ★only修饰主语时，不用倒装。
11This is why... 这就是……的原因。
Because the boat was turned upside down by the wave， he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly. （读后续写之遇险救援）
→①He had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly.　That was because the boat was turned upside down by the wave.　 （That’s because...）
→②The boat was turned upside down by the wave. 　That was why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly.　（That’s why...）
★This/That is why... 这/那是……的原因 （why引导表语从句） ★This/That/It is because... 这/那是因为…… （because引导表语从句） ★The reason why... is that... ……的原因是……（why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句）
→③　The reason why he had no choice but to swim to the shore quickly was that the boat was turned upside down by the wave.　（The reason why... is that...）
前缀re-
前缀re-有两重含义："重，又，再"和"回，返回"。
本单元：re- （重，又）＋mind （思想）→使重新出现在脑海里→remind 提醒；使想起
re- （回，返回）＋move （移动）→将某物移回原来的位置→remove 去除；移开
拓展：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.[2023全国甲]So， it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. 　　v.重新粉刷　
2.[2023全国甲]Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express： In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. 　v.重新唤起　
3.[2023浙江1月]The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund is June 15. 　n.退款　
4.[2022全国甲]Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. 　v.重新开放　
5.[2021全国甲] I come to you， hat in hand， to apologize for the damage I had indirectly caused and to ask you to reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel. 　v.重新考虑　
1.re-（重）＋paint（粉刷）→repaint重新粉刷
2.re-（重）＋awake（醒着）＋-en（使）→使再次醒来→reawaken重新唤起
3.re-（返回）＋fund（基金）→返回基金→refund 退款
4.re-（重）＋open（开放）→reopen 重新开放
5.re-（重）＋consider（考虑）→reconsider 重新考虑
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙]Aloe vera， peace lilies and spider plants are some of the 　species　（species） that are easy to grow indoors.
2.[2023全国甲]Those tomatoes had a taste that reminded me 　of　 the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.
3.[2022北京] Fearful that he might have an intention 　to harm　（harm） her， Helen started to run.
4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May， at 10 am， to demonstrate the variety of 　effective　（effect） and active exercises.
5.[2021全国乙]On her day of discharge， we shared in her delight at her 　recovery　（recover）.
6.[2021北京]We’re increasingly aware 　of　 the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone， and realizing that we need to moderate （调节） our actions if we hope to live in balance.
7.[2021北京]You should be able to work well in a team and adapt 　to　 an international working environment.
8.[2021浙江]Today’s children spend an average 　of　 four and a half hours a day looking at screens， split between watching television and using the Internet.
9.[2020全国Ⅲ]My mom is really 　concerned　（concern） with the health of everyone in our family.
10.[江苏高考]However， the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the 　extinction　（extinct） of this precious species.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 遵守 B. 观察 C. 评论
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]When John Todd was a child， he loved to explore the woods around his house， observing how nature solved problems. 　　B　
②[江苏高考]Always observe district fire bans. Be careful if you smoke or have an outdoor fire or barbecue — make sure ashes are cold before leaving. 　A　
③[重庆高考]In a 1757 essay， the philosopher David Hume argued that because "the general principles of taste are uniform（不变的） in human nature，" the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. 　C　
observe还可表示"庆祝"，相当于celebrate，如：
It is of great importance to observe the Spring Festival with family members.与家人一同庆祝春节十分重要。
2.
A. n.储藏 B. n.保护区 C. v.预订
①[2021全国甲]Port Lympne Reserve， which runs a breeding（繁育） programme， has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. 　B　
②[全国Ⅰ]This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington， D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms — disappear！ 　C　
③[江苏高考]His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation（灌溉） water. Having created nine such ice reserves， Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000 m3 of water. 　A　
reserve在题②中表示"预订"，相当于book。
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ] Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington， D.C.， which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的） produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. 　v.回收，重新利用　
recover常表示"恢复，康复，找回"，但该句语境表示"DC Central Kitchen回收食物，并将其转变为健康的膳食"，recover在此表示"回收，重新利用"，相当于recycle。
4.[2021全国乙]Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 　v.迫使　
pressure常用作名词，表示"压力"，但在该句中用作动词，表示"强迫，迫使"。句意：Von Wong希望他的工作也将有助于向大公司施压，使他们减少使用塑料。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——保护非洲象
国际珍稀动物保护日即将到来，假设你是李华，你校将举办以此为主题的学生海报展。请你写一篇关于保护非洲象的英文海报参展，鼓励同学们加入动物保护行列。内容包括：
1.简述非洲象的现状（濒危物种）；
2.分析造成这种现状的原因；
3.可采取的措施。
参考词汇：象牙ivory
◎写作要点
1.非洲象是一种非洲本土物种，正濒临灭绝。（species， extinction）
　The African elephant， a species native to Africa， is in danger of extinction.　
2.由于非法狩猎以获取珍贵的象牙，非洲象的数量正在下降。（due to， illegal， hunt）
　Due to illegal hunting for their valuable ivory， the population of African elephants is on the decline.　
3.另一个令人担忧的问题是，它们的栖息地正在被破坏，这减少了它们的生存空间。（concern， habitat， reduce， living）
　Another concern is that their habitats are being destroyed， reducing their living spaces.　
4.我们应该拒绝象牙制品，并建立更多的保护区来保护它们的栖息地。（goods， reserve， habitat）
　We should refuse ivory goods and establish more reserves to protect their habitats.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
No Trading， No Killing
　The African elephant， a species native to Africa， is in danger of extinction.　
　Due to illegal hunting for their valuable ivory， the population of African elephants is on the decline. Another concern is that their habitats are being destroyed，　
　reducing their living spaces.　
　Though the local authorities have taken some effective measures to prevent the endangered African elephants from dying out， that’s far from enough to recover their population. We must make even greater efforts. For example， we should refuse ivory goods and establish more reserves to protect their habitats.　
　Immediate action must be taken！ Please remember — saving animals means saving ourselves！　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之生气与愤怒（二）
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.fly into a rage 勃然大怒 2.tremble with anger/rage 气得发抖 3.be/turn red-cheeked with anger 气得满脸通红 4.flush/flame with anger （脸）气得通红 5.stamp one’s foot in anger 气得直跺脚 6.be speechless with anger 气得说不出话 7.fuel one’s anger 火上浇油 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她一动不动地站在那里，眼睛里闪烁着怒火。 She stood rooted to the spot， 　her eyes burning with anger　.（独立主格） 2.波莉气得浑身发抖，不敢相信她所听到的。 Polly 　trembled with anger/rage　， unable to believe what she had heard. 3.看到新连衣裙上的口子，她勃然大怒。 Looking at the rip in her new dress， she 　flew into a rage　. 4.听说自己被除名，萨姆气得直跺脚。 Sam 　stamped his foot in anger　 when he heard that he had been expelled. 5.她气得涨红了脸，一把推开椅子，从桌子旁边站了起来。 She 　flushed/flamed with anger　， pushed back her chair and stood up from the table. 6."这太不公平了！"珍妮说，她的脸气得通红。 "That’s so unfair！" Jenny said， 　her face red with anger　.（独立主格） 7.当爸爸妈妈回到家看到这些碎片时，我们知道任何解释都只会火上浇油。 When Mum and Dad came home and saw the pieces， we knew any explanation would only serve to 　fuel their anger　.
佳 句 1.Filled with fury， Jim ripped up all the letters. 吉姆满腔愤怒，把所有的信都撕碎了。 2.My anger started to grow， and I shouted at them to hurry up， but they didn’t listen.我越来越生气，大声叫他们快点，但他们不听。 3.His face clouded over with anger， as he had just finished a quarrel with one of his guests. 他刚和他的一位客人吵了一架，满面怒容。 4.Eyes burning with anger， I shouted at her to put my necklace where it had been immediately. 我眼中充满怒火，大声叫她立刻把我的项链放回原处。 5.Nick criticized everything I did. I became upset. Soon I was taking my anger out on him. We began to argue. 尼克批评我所做的一切。我变得心烦意乱。不久我就对他生起气来。我们开始争吵起来。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]A new rule has been passed that will protect more than 50 of the world’s shark species， many of which are endangered. The deal was signed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora （CITES）， which manages how people deal in plants and animals. Most of the world’s countries are members of CITES. The deal puts 60 shark species under the protection of CITES.
One of the reasons sharks are endangered is that they are hunted for their fins（鳍）， which are used in shark fin soup. The sharks that are hunted most for their fins include blue and tiger sharks. Thanks to this agreement， around 95％ of sharks that people catch for their fins are now protected. This means that anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document. These official documents will only be given to people or companies that have proved to scientists that their business doesn’t endanger wildlife or damage the ocean.
Conservationists hope the deal will protect biodiversity in the sea. Sharks are very important for this because they are usually apex animals that hunt， kill and eat other animals. That means they are at the highest point of the "food chain". If sharks were to disappear， it would seriously affect sea life lower down the food chain， as some species’ numbers would increase fast. This could affect the delicate balance of all sea life.
Some biologists have criticised the new rule. They think that making it harder to fish for sharks will make their fins even more expensive， which would encourage illegal fishing. However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One， a group that campaigns to protect the ocean， called it "the biggest win in the history of ocean species".
本文是说明文，主要围绕一项旨在管理鲨鱼贸易的新协议展开。
【词语积累】　endangered adj.（动植物）濒临灭绝的，濒危的　conservationist n.自然环境保护主义者　biodiversity n.生物多样性
【熟词生义】　campaign 常用义：n.运动，战役　文中义：v.领导运动
1. Why was the new deal made？
A. To control the trade in endangered sharks.
B. To preserve biodiversity in the sea.
C. To ban people from fishing for sharks.
D. To protect endangered plants and animals.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第一段中的"The deal was signed... which manages how people deal in plants and animals"和第二段中的"Thanks to this agreement... anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must show an official document"可知，这一新协议是用来管理鲨鱼贸易的，故选A。
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "apex" in paragraph 3？
A. Frightening. B. Major.
C. Dangerous. D. Top.
解析　D　词义猜测题。由"That means they are at the highest point of the ‘food chain’"可知，鲨鱼通常都是位于食物链顶端的动物，它们追捕、杀死并吃掉其他动物，因此选D。
3. What can be inferred about the new rule from the last paragraph？
A. It can prevent illegal fishing.
B. It is a debatable deal.
C. It does wonders for ocean species.
D. It is questioned by most biologists.
解析　B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Some biologists have criticised the new rule"以及"However， Shawn Heinrichs from Only One... called it ‘the biggest win in the history of ocean species’"可知，人们对这一新协议的态度并不一样，有些人支持，有些人反对，因此这一新协议是有争议的，故选B。
4. Which can be the best title for this text？
A. Nations Sign Up to Save Sharks
B. New Rules Benefit Life in the Ocean
C. Sharks Are Vital to Ocean Biodiversity
D. CITES Aims to Protect Ocean Species
解析　A　标题归纳题。本文主要围绕一项旨在保护鲨鱼的新协议展开，故选A。
B
[生态环保/2023山东潍坊统考]The Atlantic salmon（鲑） of Scotland are hardy and determined animals. Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers， leaping up waterfalls and over barriers， pushing themselves upstream in enormous efforts. Some fail， and the others succeed， but today they face another challenge.
During the mid-1980s， there were between eight and ten million salmon swimming around Scotland’s Atlantic coast； that number has now dropped sharply. There’s evidence of rising at-sea death as climate change warms and acidifies the ocean， reducing the availability of the salmon’s prey（猎物）. New research suggests climate change is also bearing down on rivers， which is bad news for salmon. Having adapted to life in cold water， salmon experience slow growth and population changes at high temperatures. Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease.
"Now salmon are struggling to deal with the rising temperatures. There are recent records of 27 ℃ in the upper reaches of the Dee catchment，" says Peter Cairns， director of an environmental charity. In 2018， Scotland recorded the lowest rod catch for salmon since records began. Evidence suggests that the degraded quality of river catchments worsens the impact of our changing climate. "Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland that were once way more forested and therefore shaded，" says Cairns. Yet Scotland is today one of the least wooded countries in Europe， with just 3 percent of its native woodland undamaged. Scientists have found that just 35 percent of rivers in Scotland have enough tree cover for salmon survival.
A movement to get trees back on riverbanks is gathering pace. "Broadleaf trees close to the bank can reduce the light that enters the water，" explains fisheries scientist Anthony Hawkins. A new initiative called Riverwoods — led by the Scottish Wildlife Trust and supported by Scottish Water and several other government and regulatory bodies — aims to create a network of woodlands along Scotland’s riverbanks， and has already received a number of large funds. "Money is not the pressing business. River health is complex， but tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away，"says Cairns.
全球变暖给大西洋鲑的生存带来了极大的挑战，为了给大西洋鲑提供更好的生存环境，苏格兰有关部门计划在河岸上植树。
【词语积累】　hardy adj.能吃苦耐劳的，适应力强的；耐寒的　acidify v.（使）变成酸，酸化　bear down on加压力于　wooded adj.树木覆盖的　pressing adj.紧迫的，不容忽视的
1. Why do Atlantic salmon make great journeys back to the rivers？
A. To search for foods.
B. To reproduce.
C. The rivers are relatively cool.
D. The seas are increasingly warm.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"Each spring and summer， they return from the North Atlantic Ocean to lay eggs in Scotland’s shallow rivers"可知，大西洋鲑每年春夏之际会洄游到苏格兰去产卵，故B项正确。reproduce繁殖，生育。
2. How do the rising temperatures in rivers affect salmon？
A. They make them grow more quickly.
B. They make them more heat-resistant.
C. They make them less active in water.
D. They make them more likely to get diseases.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句"Heat influences their health and reduces their resistance to disease"可知，高温影响了大西洋鲑的健康，降低了它们对疾病的抵抗力，据此可推知，它们更容易得病，故D项正确。
3. What is a challenge for salmon when they return to Scotland’s rivers？
A. There is a shortage of food.
B. There are many fishermen.
C. The ecological environment has changed.
D. The river systems are unsuitable for the forest growth.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第三段中的"‘Atlantic salmon evolved using river systems in Scotland...one of the least wooded countries in Europe"可知，大西洋鲑已经适应了苏格兰森林茂密的生态环境，然而现在的苏格兰却成了欧洲树木覆盖最少的国家之一，这对大西洋鲑来说是一个挑战，故C项正确。
4. What does Cairns really intend to tell us in the last paragraph？
A. It is urgent to plant riverbank trees.
B. It is too hard to restore the river health.
C. There is enough money for the project.
D. There are too many vital things to deal with.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段中Cairns所说的话中的"tree planting is one of the most basic things we can get started with right away"可知，Cairns认为种树是可以立刻开始着手做的事情之一，据此可以推断，Cairns认为当务之急是种植河岸树木，故A项正确。
二、完形填空
[2023广东深圳一调]Natalie and Callie， both 13 years old， started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun in 2020. But after realizing monarch butterflies were an endangered species， their 　1　 soon turned into a serious mission.
They learned that the population of monarch butterflies had 　2　 since the early 1990s， due to habitat 　3　 and widespread use of chemicals， which made milkweeds monarch butterflies 　4　 for their main diet dangerous to eat.
So the girls teamed up with a national nonprofit group to plant a native garden 　5　 for the butterflies. The garden grew organic milkweeds that 　6　 and kept the butterflies. To help 　7　 the locals to sustain the monarch butterfly’s population， they created an exhibition about monarch butterflies in the local library. They also wanted to put up an educational sign in town， but it 　8　 a lot. To cover the expense， they set up a stand at the Farmers Market to sell their 　9　 milkweeds for people to plant. Although the fundraising days were 　10　， they finally succeeded in earning enough money with their hard work and people’s support.
The team has won the Silver Award for their 　11　 of taking care of these butterflies， but they are not 　12　 with their work. "Our next step is to cut down on the use of 　13　 to guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies，" said Natalie. In the award ceremony， their teacher Brian 　14　， "I am so proud of them for their constant 　15　."
13岁的Natalie和Callie之前把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一个业余爱好，但是当了解到黑脉金斑蝶是濒危物种后，她们便开始采取措施保护黑脉金斑蝶。
1. A. dream B. hobby
C. career D. decision
解析　B　由上文中的"started raising monarch butterflies（黑脉金斑蝶） for fun"可知，Natalie和Callie把养黑脉金斑蝶当作一种业余爱好（hobby）。
2. A. doubled B. aged
C. declined D. exploded
解析　C　由上文中的"monarch butterflies were an endangered species"可知，黑脉金斑蝶的数量下降（declined）了。
3.A.management B. assessment
C. selection D. destruction
解析　D　由语境可知，此处说的是黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因。由空后的"widespread use of chemicals"和常识可知，黑脉金斑蝶数量下降的原因之一是栖息地遭到了破坏（destruction）。management经营，管理；assessment评估，评定；selection选择，挑选，选拔。
4. A. relied on B. kept off
C. broke down D. gave away
解析　A　黑脉金斑蝶主要依赖（relied on）马利筋草而生。keep off与……保持距离；break down分解，出故障，失败；give away赠送，泄露。
5. A. partly B. secretly
C. rarely D. specially
解析　D　两个女孩联合一个国家级非营利性团体专门（specially）为黑脉金斑蝶在当地种出了一个花园。
6. A. attracted B. protected
C. monitored D. trapped
解析　A　上文中讲到了马利筋草是黑脉金斑蝶的主要食物，那么，有机的马利筋草可以吸引（attracted）黑脉金斑蝶。
7. A. employ B. educate
C. force D. limit
解析　B　由语境和常识可知，她们在当地图书馆举办展览是为了教导（educate）当地人维持黑脉金斑蝶的数量。employ雇用，使用，运用；force强迫；limit限制。
8. A. meant B. cost
C. changed D. hurt
解析　B　由下文中的"To cover the expense"和"the fundraising"可知，在镇里搭建教育标牌花费（cost）很大。
9. A. dry B. medical
C. healthy D. wild
解析　C　healthy（健康的）符合语境。
10. A. pleasing B. light
C. long D. disappointing
解析　C　由Although和下文中的"they finally succeeded in earning enough money"可以推知，筹款活动花费的时间有点儿长（long）。
11. A. project B. concept
C. schedule D. assignment
解析　A　此处指的是她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的项目（project）。concept概念，观念；schedule工作计划，日程安排；assignment（分派的）工作，任务。
12. A. concerned B. connected
C. finished D. occupied
解析　C　由下文中的"Our next step is to cut down on the use"可知，她们保护黑脉金斑蝶的行动并没有结束（finished）。concerned担心的，忧虑的；connected有关联的；occupied忙于……的。
13. A. chemicals B. time
C. funds D. energy
解析　A　由上文中的"widespread use of chemicals"和下文中的"guarantee a safe environment for the monarch butterflies"可知，她们的下一步是要减少化学品（chemicals）的使用。
14. A. quoted B. continued
C. replied D. commented
解析　D　由"I am so proud of them for their constant 　15　"可知，引号中的内容是老师的评论，故选D。
15. A. donations B. support
C. patience D. efforts
解析　D　由全文内容可知，Natalie和Callie一直在为保护黑脉金斑蝶努力，老师也为此感到骄傲，故选D。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/2024天星原创]The mountain bongo antelope（山地紫羚）， one of the most endangered animals， is likely to continue wandering in the wild for longer. 1　　　　（follow） 18 years of conservation efforts， staff members from the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy reached a milestone this year — the first baby mountain bongo was born in the wild.
Unique 2　　　　 equatorial forests， the mountain bongo is the largest and most colorful of the forest antelopes in Africa. This species 3　　　　（see） a dramatic decline in numbers in the last few decades from 4　　　　 estimated population of 25，000 to less than 100. Its population decline was 5　　　　（main） human-driven. Now the conservancy is making efforts in partnership with the Kenyan government to help the mountain bongo through one 6　　　　（innovate） breeding（饲养） and rewilding program.
"Due to the massive decline， we 7　　　　（leave） with less than 100 of the species in the wild. The mountain bongo is only found in Kenya and its decline in this area therefore means its decline in the world. That explains 8　　　　 taking immediate action here is so urgent，" Robert Aruho from the conservancy said. He added that 9　　　　（enable） the animals to adapt to life in the wild， they have taken a series of measures. With the first phase of the 10　　　　（adapt） being complete， the conservancy has moved to the second phase which involves introducing the antelopes to the wild.
本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了肯尼亚山野生动物保护协会在拯救濒危动物山地紫羚方面所付出的努力。
【词语积累】　conservation n.保护　equatorial adj.赤道的，赤道附近的　human-driven adj.受人类影响的，由人类造成的　in partnership with 与……合作　massive adj.巨大的
1.Following　考查非谓语动词。follow与句子主语staff members之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且谓语动作是随非谓语动作而来的结果，故填现在分词Following。
2.to　考查介词。unique to...表示"……特有的"，为固定搭配，故填介词to。
3.has seen　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语in the last few decades可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语This species是单数，且与谓语动词之间为主谓关系，故填has seen。
4.an　考查冠词。所填词表示数字"1"，且estimated的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
5.mainly　考查副词。空处所填词修饰形容词human-driven，应用副词，故填mainly。
6.innovative　考查形容词。结合空前的one和空后的名词性短语可知，空处应用形容词来作定语。innovative表示"引进新思想的，采用新方法的，创新的"。
7.are left　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；leave和主语we之间是被动关系，故填are left。
8.why　考查宾语从句。空处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作原因状语，故填why。
9.to enable　考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式表示目的和主动关系，故填to enable。
10.adaptation　考查名词。由空前的of the可知，空处应用名词作宾语。不可数名词adaptation在此表示"适应"。UNIT 3 　THE INTERNET
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　chat　 vi.聊天；闲聊
2.　stream　 vt.流播（不用下载直接在互联网上播放音视频）；流出 vi.流动 n.小河；溪流
3.　cash　 n.现金；金钱
4.　update　 vt.更新；向……提供最新信息 n.更新；最新消息
5.　stuck　 adj.卡住；陷（入）；困（于）
6.　surf　 vt.& vi.浏览；冲浪
7.　charity　 n.慈善；慈善机构（或组织）
8.　tough　 adj.艰难的；严厉的
9.　function　 n.功能；作用；机能 vi.起作用；正常工作；运转
10.　confirm　 vt.确认；使确信
11.　press　 vt.按，压；敦促
12.　account　 n.账户；描述
13.　target　 n.目标；对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标
14.　particular　 adj.特定的；特别的；讲究的
15.　upset　 adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的 vt.（过去式　upset　；过去分词　upset　）使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
16.　author　 n.作者；作家
17.　tip　 n.忠告；诀窍；实用的提示
18.　case　 n.盒；箱；情况；案件
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　convenient　 adj.方便的；近便的 →　convenience　 n.便利；方便 →　inconvenience　 n.不便
2.　benefit　 n.益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→　beneficial　 adj.有利的；有益的；受益的
3.　distance　 n.距离 →　distant　 adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；冷淡的 →　distantly　 adv.遥远地；疏远地
4.　inspire　 vt.鼓舞；激励；启发思考 →　inspiring　 adj.鼓舞人心的；使人振奋的 →　inspired　 adj.受启发的；能力卓越的 →　inspiration　 n.灵感；启发
5.　access　 n.通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会 vt.进入；使用；获取 →　accessible　 adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的；易懂的；随和的
6.　privacy　 n.隐私；私密 →　private　 adj.私人的；秘密的 →　privately　 adv.私下地
7.　theft　 n.偷（窃）；盗窃罪 →　thief　 n.小偷；贼
8.　rude　 adj.粗鲁的；无礼的 →　rudely　 adv.粗鲁地→　rudeness　 n.粗鲁；无礼
9.　embarrass　 vt.使尴尬；使窘迫→　embarrassing　 adj.让人难堪（尴尬；害羞）的 →　embarrassed　 adj.感到难堪（尴尬）的 →　embarrassment　 n.尴尬
10.　familiar　 adj.熟悉的；熟知的 →　unfamiliar　 adj.不熟悉的 →　familiarity　 n.熟悉；通晓
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.blog　n.　博客　　vi.　写博客　
2.engine　n.　引擎；发动机；火车头　
3.identity　n.　身份；个性　
4.database　n.　数据库；资料库　
5.software　n.　软件　
6.network　n.　（互联）网络；网状系统；人际网　 vt.　将……连接成网络；联播　　vi.　建立工作关系　
7.province　n.　省　
8.conference　n.　会议；研讨会；正式会谈　
9.resident　n.　居民；（美国的）住院医生　　adj.　（在某地）居住的　
10.plus　conj.　而且；此外　　n.　加号；优势　　prep. 　加；另加　
11.battery　n.　电池　
12.discount　n.　折扣　　vt.　打折　
13.false　adj.　假的；错误的　
14.guideline　n.　准则；指导原则　
15.define　vt.　给……下定义；界定；解释　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　identity card　 身份证
2.　keep pany　 陪伴某人
3.　now that　 既然；由于
4.　go through　 经历；度过；通读
5.　in shape　 状况良好
6.　keep track of　 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
7.　make fun of　 取笑；戏弄
8.　keep （...） in mind　 牢记
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　She was so inspired by the people she met online that　 she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet. （"so ...that ..."引导结果状语从句）
她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习使用电脑和互联网。
2.　Now that he works and can take care of himself　， his daughter has time to study at university. （now that引导原因状语从句）
由于他有工作可做，并能够照顾好自己，他的女儿就有时间在大学学习了。
3.A troll is a person who posts comments or questions 　in order to stir up trouble online　. （in order to do）
发挑衅帖子的人指的是为了在网上挑起事端而发布评论或问题的人。
4.This app 　keeps you updated on all your favourite topics　. （keep＋宾语＋宾补）
此应用程序可为您提供所有您最喜欢的话题的最新信息。
5.However， 　the more polite you are　， the less likely it is you will be attacked. （the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...）
但是，你越有礼貌，你被攻击的可能性就越小。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.The famous person gave away most of his fortune to the 　charity　（慈善机构） before his death.
2.It is required that we should do at least another two experiments to make sure the machine 　functions　（运转） well.
3.Biology is my favourite subject， and my 　target　 （目标） is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university.
4.Now we can go outside without any need for 　cash　 （现金） — all we need is our mobile phone！
5.After finishing my daily work， I will 　update　 （更新） my fitness log on my phone.
6.The old farmer was very 　upset　（心烦的） at the thought of the bear attacking his sheep.
7.In any unsafe situation， simply 　press　 the button and a highly-trained agent will offer you the help you need.
8.Many people go out of town during the holiday， so Jack is leaving early to avoid getting 　stuck　 in traffic.
9.He gave a detailed 　account　 of what happened on the unforgettable night.
10.What is polite in Asia may be extremely 　rude　 in Western countries. Here are some 　tips　 for you to have an enjoyable meal with your foreign friends.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.How can you talk to your brother so 　rudely　？ Go to apologize for your 　rudeness　！ （rude）
2.It’s very 　convenient　 for me to go shopping. There is a convenience　 store near my home. （convenient）
3.Once， I was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn’t remember and it also made the woman 　embarrassed　. It was really 　embarrassing　. （embarrass）
4.Listening to his 　inspiring　 speech， we were 　inspired　 to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also 　inspiration　. （inspire）
5.Free Internet 　access　 at home is a huge step in making online education 　accessible　 to everybody. （access）
6.Everyone knows the 　benefit（s）　 of learning English and if you learn it well， it will be 　beneficial　 to your future career. It is reported that many graduates have 　benefited　 a lot from having a good command of English. （benefit）
7.Don’t read others’ 　private　 letters without permission. We should respect others’ 　privacy　. （private）
8.I was 　familiar　 with Tom’s voice， so I recognized him immediately. His family moved to a distant city last week. He told me that he was very upset in the 　unfamiliar　 surroundings. （familiar）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
now that go through　keep （...） in mind
keep track of　make fun of　in shape
1.You should 　keep in mind　 that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.
2.Never 　make fun of　 others when they’re crying because you may never fully understand what tough times they’ve gone through　.
3.　Now that　 you haven’t applied for an account， the website is not accessible to you.
4.Social media enable us to 　keep track of　 the current events happening in even distant places.
5.She surfed the Internet， intending to find a practical method of staying 　in shape　.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.我英语说得很流利，与外国运动员交流毫无困难。（"so ... that ..."引导结果状语从句）
　I speak English so fluently that　 I have no difficulty communicating with foreign athletes.
2.既然你很喜欢中国古典文学，我确信这门课程会很适合你。（now that引导原因状语从句）
　Now that you like Chinese classical literature very much　， I believe the course will be very suitable for you.
3.为了让她高兴起来，我们计划给她一个大惊喜。（in order to do）
　In order to cheer her up　， we are planning to give her a big surprise.
4.我喜欢具有挑战性的工作，这使我每天都充满活力。（keep＋宾语＋宾补）
I’m fond of challenging work， which 　keeps me energetic　 every day.
5.简而言之，你在社交媒体上花费的时间越多，你可能会感到越孤独。（the＋比较级... the＋比较级...）
In short， 　the more time you spend on social media　， the lonelier you may feel.
The Internet has made our lives more convenient. We can chat online， get news updates and go shopping without cash. It has brought a lot of benefits to our lives.
Jan Tchamani suddenly got a serious illness at age 50. It upset her that she was out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. The computer helped her go through the lonely and tough days and keep track of what was happening outside. She realized that in many cases the Internet had the function of removing the distance between people.
Greatly inspired by the people online， she started to teach older residents how to connect to a Wi-Fi network， register an online account， surf the Internet and load software. She believes that everyone should have access to the Internet. She keeps in mind that her next target is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
1　　convenient adj.方便的；近便的
1.[人教选必②－2]Leon is also amazed by the 　convenience　（convenient） of cashless payments in China.
2.Shopping online is cheaper and much 　more convenient　（convenient）.
3.有了许多在线课程，学生可以方便地获取各种知识。
With many online courses， 　it’s convenient for students to obtain various knowledge　.
4.如果你方便的话，我明天下午想要去拜访你。
　If it is convenient for you， I’d like to visit you tomorrow afternoon.　
5.如果您能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。 （申请信）
　I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.　（I would appreciate it...）
convenient/convenience常用于求助信的写作中，如：
If it’s convenient， I can come tomorrow. 方便的话，我可以明天过来。
Can you spare an hour when it’s convenient？方便时能占用您一小时时间吗？
Can you telephone/call me at your convenience to arrange a meeting？ 你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？
I hope that you can reply to my letter at your convenience. 我希望你方便时能够给我回信。
★It is convenient （for sb.） to do sth. （对某人而言）做某事方便。 be convenient for sb. 对某人来说方便 ★inconvenient adj.不方便的 inconvenience n.不方便 ★convenience n.方便；便利设施 at one’s convenience 在某人方便时 at your earliest convenience 尽早；尽快
2　　benefit n.益处　vt.使受益　vi.得益于
1.Being close to nature has proven to be 　beneficial　 （benefit） to our mental health.
2.正是你激励我养成了读书的习惯，这让我受益匪浅。 （感谢信）
→①It was you who inspired me to form the habit of reading books， 　which benefited me a lot　.（定语从句，benefit sb.）
→②It was you who inspired me to form the habit of reading books， 　from which I benefited a lot　. （定语从句，benefit from）
→③It was you who inspired me to form the habit of reading books， 　which was of great benefit to me　. （定语从句，benefit n.）
★for the benefit of sb. ＝for sb.’s benefit 为了某人的利益；为帮助某人 benefit from sth. 得益于某事 benefit sb.使某人受益；对某人有用 ★beneficial adj.有利的；有用的 be beneficial to...＝be of benefit to... 对……有益
3　　distance n.距离
1.[人教选必①－4]Their eyes barely move， and they always have the same 　distant　 （distance） expression on their faces.
空处修饰expression，应用形容词，此处distant表示"冷淡的"。
2.We managed to set up a telescope，through which we could see a beautiful sight 　in　 the distance.
3.Just as we were on the point of desperation， we heard a voice 　at/from　 a distance.
4.上周，我们班在离学校5千米远的一个农场里组织了一次水果采摘活动。 （活动介绍）
Last week， our class organized a fruit-picking activity on a farm 　5 kilometers distant from our school　.（distant）
★in the distance 在远处 at/from a distance 离一段距离；从远处 at/from a distance of... 从……远的地方 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远；对某人冷淡；与某人保持一定距离 ★distant adj.遥远的；远亲的；冷淡的
4　　access n.通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会　vt.进入；使用；获取
1.[外研选必②－4]The television， meanwhile， is a window on the world， giving us quick and easy access 　to　 other cultures and lifestyles.
2.A civilized society ought to make the arts 　accessible　 （access） to everyone， regardless of their background or income.
3.如今，学生更容易在网上获得好的学习资源。 （线上课程）
Nowadays， it’s easier for students 　to have/gain/get access to good learning resources online　.
access作名词时，其后通常跟介词to。
★have/get/gain access to...拥有……的机会；可以接近/进入…… give （sb.） access to... 准许（某人）使用或接近…… ★accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to sb.能为某人所接近或使用的
5　　account n.账户；描述；说明；账目　vt.认为是　vi.说明
1.如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 （申请信）
I would greatly appreciate it if you could 　take my application into account/take account of my application　.
2.海伦·凯勒创作的《我生活的故事》描述了她为了成为一名杰出的作家而进行的艰苦斗争。 （图书推荐）
The Story of My Life，written by Helen Keller， 　gives an account of her hard struggle　 to become an outstanding writer.
3.你绝不该对父母无礼。
　On no account should you be rude to your parents.　（倒装句）
on no account表示否定意义，位于句首时句子要部分倒装。
4.你的勤奋和决心是你成功的原因。
　It’s your diligence and determination that account for your success.　（强调句型）
★take sth. into account ＝ take account of sth. 对某事加以考虑 give an account of ... 描述…… on account of 因为 on no account 决不，绝对不 ★account for 是……的原因；对……作出解释；（在数量、比例上）占 ★accountant n.会计
6　　upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；沮丧的　vt.（upset， upset） 使烦恼；使生气；搅乱
4.As far as I’m concerned， there is no need to get upset 　about/at　 it. Let’s just forget it ever happened.
5.It upset me 　to know　 （know） that there was only 500 in my account.
6.I am upset that you have got into the habit of staying up late.
→①　It upsets me　 that you have got into the habit of staying up late. （it作形式主语）
→②　What upsets me　 is that you have got into the habit of staying up late. （what引导主语从句）
★be upset about/at... 为……心烦意乱/难过 ★It upsets sb. to do sth.做某事让某人心烦意乱。 It upsets sb. that... 让某人心烦的是……
7　　go through 经历；度过；通读；通过；仔细检查；用完
4.[外研选必③－5]We must go 　through　 some difficult things if we really wish to spread our wings and fly.
5.Go 　over/through　 your writing for spelling mistakes before you contribute it to the school paper.
6.Kathy’s parents intended her to be a doctor， but she went 　against　 their will.
7.As time goes 　by　， I am gradually aware of what my parents have done for me.
★go ahead先走；开始做，着手干 go against反抗；违反；不利于 go by（时间）流逝 go over 复习；仔细检查 go in for爱好；参加考试（或竞赛） go up 上涨；上升 go down下跌；下降；下沉
8　　keep track of 掌握……的最新消息；了解……的动态
1.A sports watch can help you 　keep track of your fitness and exercise　（了解你的健康和运动状况）.
★lose track of...不了解……的进展；失去与……的联系
2.Moving to a new city doesn’t 　mean losing track of old friends　 （意味着与老朋友失去联系）.
9　　keep （...） in mind 牢记
1.请牢记一个小行为可以产生巨大的影响。 （倡议）
　Please keep/bear in mind that　 a small action can make a huge difference.
在keep/bear sth. in mind的应用中，若要牢记的内容为句子时，可以放在mind后，用that引导宾语从句，即keep/bear in mind that...。
2.有时，我发现集中精力学习很困难， 这让我很焦虑。 （求助信）
Sometimes， 　I find it hard to fix my mind on my study　， which makes me worried. （it作形式宾语）
3.被他们的奉献精神所鼓舞，我当时就下定决心效仿他们成为一名医生。 （感悟）
Inspired by their devotion，　I made up my mind to follow their example　 to become a doctor at that time.
4.Paul had intended to open a new account， but 　changed his mind at the last minute　 （在最后一刻改变了主意）.
★bear（...） in mind 牢记 fix one’s mind on/upon...把注意力集中在……上 make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind改变主意 cross one’s mind（想法等）掠过心头，出现在脑海 lose one’s mind 某人失去理智/精神错乱 come to mind 突然记起（或想到） bring/call...to mind想起/记起……
10　　so...that...引导的结果状语从句
1.Tu Youyou made such　 great contributions to the world that she was awarded the Nobel Prize.
2.Before the policy came out， I had 　so　 much homework that I had no time to go out with my friend.
3.我英语掌握得很好，可以毫无困难地与访客沟通。 （申请信）
→①I have 　such a good command of English that　 I can communicate with visitors without difficulty. （such...that...）
→②I have 　so good a command of English that　 I can communicate with visitors without difficulty. （so...that...）
★so...that...意为"如此……以至于……"，基本结构为： so＋＋that... ★such...that...也表示"如此……以至于……"，基本结构为： such＋＋that... ★当so/such及其后面的成分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
→③　So good a command of English do I have that　 I can communicate with visitors without difficulty. （so提前引起的部分倒装）
11　　now that引导的原因状语从句
1.Thanks 　to　 the facial recognition technology， the thief was arrested quickly.
2.He won the competition because 　of　 his efforts rather than his luck.
because为连词，其后跟句子。because of为介词短语，其后跟名词或动名词。
3.既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我相信这个节日对你来说将是一次值得的体验。（邀请信）
　Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture， I believe this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.　
★引导原因状语从句的连词还有： since， because， as， considering that， given that。 ★表示原因的短语有：due to， owing to， on account of， because of， thanks to。
now that，since，because，as，for后都可跟句子，表示原因。now that强调人们已知的事实，可与since互换；because常用于回答why的提问；as语气较弱；for为并列连词，不能位于句首，表示进一步的补充说明。
词根-count-
本单元：dis-（不）＋-count-（数，计算）→不计算某些数→discount折扣；打折
ac-（对，向）＋-count-（计算，数）→对……计算清楚→account 账户；描述
拓展：
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[人教必修②－4]There are 　countless　 historic sites to explore， and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
2.[江苏高考]It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what 　accounted　 for all its hot springs and other steamy features.
3.Customers are offered a 10％ 　discount　 if they pay cash.
4.I asked the woman behind the 　counter　 if she had any postcards and she gave me a nod.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]As cities balloon with growth， access 　to　 nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find.
balloon在此作动词，意为"（数量上） 猛增"。句意：随着城市的不断扩张，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接触大自然。
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]As a special education teacher at the school， I was familiar 　with　 the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
3.[2022全国乙]Simply keeping a diary that keeps track 　of　 friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
4.[2022全国乙]However， some high sugar brands， like Classic Coca Cola， have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of 　upsetting　 （upset） consumers.
5.[2021新高考Ⅱ]You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right 　distance　 （distant） from your eyes.
6.[2021全国乙]In my opinion， students can benefit a lot 　from　 doing some housework.
7.[2021浙江]This happened over and over， but we soon learned to 　identify　 （identity） different grasses like cockleburs ... the pretty purple thistle.
learn to do sth. "学会做某事"；identity的动词形式为identify。其他常见的以-fy结尾的动词有：clarify"澄清"；justify"证明……正当"；qualify"使合格，使具有资格"；satisfy"使满意"；simplify"使简化"；beautify"美化"。
8.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Don’t be afraid or 　embarrassed　 （embarrass） to discuss something that is bothering you.
9.[2020全国Ⅰ]Lighting accounts 　for　 about 7％ of the total electricity consumed in the US.
10.[2020全国Ⅲ]In India， 　particularly　 （particular） outside cities， young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 艰苦的 B. 严格的 C. 坚强的
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]Turning soil， pulling weeds， and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. 　A　
②[天津高考]A tough man can tolerate suffering. 　C　
③[浙江高考]Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants， and some terms are even tougher. 　B　
2.
A. n.溪流 B. v.流播 C. n.人流
①[2023新高考Ⅰ]A dirty stream， for example， often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 　A　
②[2021全国甲]The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall. 　C　
③[2021北京]Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主）， and he live streams himself just going about his day. 　B　
live在句中作副词，表示"现场直播"。句意：Sam是个现实生活播主，直播自己一天的生活。
3.
A. n.权利　B. v.到达　C. n.通道
①[2021全国甲]We accessed the wall through the South Gate. 　B　
②[2020新高考Ⅱ]The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. 　C　
③[全国Ⅰ]Thus， the keyboard can determine people’s identities， and by extension， whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.　A　
4.[2020天津]Well， it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. 　v.起作用，运转　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——在线学习
[2021全国乙]你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1.分析优势与不足；
2.提出学习建议。
◎写作要点
1.我们从在线学习中受益匪浅。（benefit）
　We have benefited a lot from online learning.　
2.我们也可以用某些软件来跟踪自己的进展。（keep track of， software）
　We can keep track of our progress in some software too.　
3.此外，网络使我们能够获得各种资源。（network， access）
　Besides， the network allows us access to all kinds of resources.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Be smart online learners
　Online learning has become a popular way to learn recently. However， online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.　
　We have benefited a lot from online learning. It makes it convenient for us to learn whenever and wherever possible. We can keep track of our progress in some software too. Besides， the network allows us access to all kinds of resources. However， its disadvantages cannot be ignored. Staring at the screen too long is harmful to our eyes. Worse still， there are so many distractions that we can’t focus on class.　
　Then how to be smart online learners？ Keep in mind the following tips. First， sensibly manage our time online and do eye exercises regularly. Second， switch off all the other software to avoid distractions.　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之害怕与恐惧（一）
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 scare， frighten； fear， fright， panic， terror， horror； terrible， horrible， afraid， scared， frightened， frightening， panicked 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.女孩紧紧地握着父亲的手，不敢独自过马路。 The girl held her father’s hand tightly， 　afraid to cross the road alone　. （形容词短语作状语） 2.突如其来的黑暗把他的孩子们吓到了，特里赶紧抱住他们以缓解他们的紧张情绪。 The sudden darkness 　scared his children　. Terry hurried to hug them to ease their tension. 3.听了这个恐怖故事后，汤姆吓得不敢独自睡觉。 Tom was 　too frightened to sleep alone　 after he heard the horror story. （too...to... ） 4.他突然在我背后说话，吓了我一跳。 He suddenly spoke behind me， 　giving me a fright　. （现在分词作状语） 5.那条狗突然跳出来冲向我，我被吓得惊慌失措。 I 　got panic-stricken　 when that dog jumped out at me all of a sudden. 6.房子里突然的寂静似乎让外面的风雨更加可怕。他们能做什么呢？ The sudden silence in the house seemed to 　make the wind and rain more frightening/terrible/horrible　 outside. What could they do？ （make＋宾语＋宾补）
词 组 1.for fear of 唯恐，以免 2.be afraid/frightened/scared of... 害怕…… 3.give sb. a fright 吓某人一跳 4.be in panic/terror惊慌地/恐惧地 5.be in a state of panic 惊恐万状 6.scream with fear/cry out in fright 吓得大叫起来 7.white/pale with fear/horror吓得脸色发白
佳 句 1.Miss Li is very strict and serious. In her class， I don’t dare to make any trouble. 李老师非常严格和严肃。在她的课堂上，我不敢惹任何麻烦。 2.The frightened boy let out a scream and ran away. 那个吓坏了的男孩尖叫着逃跑了。 3.When the fire alarm sounded， people fled from the building in panic. 当火警响起时，人们惊慌失措地逃离了大楼。 4.Hearing his daughter crying， Mr. Cottle dashed in， looking panic-stricken. 听到女儿的哭声，科特尔先生冲了进来，看上去惊慌失措。
一、阅读理解
A
[2023山东联考]A study from the University of Montreal and the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts， published in Frontiers in Medicine， found that regular virtual visits to museums could help seniors stay mentally active and come with a host of additional health benefits. That’s because these digital connections can make retirees feel less lonely and isolated.
Social isolation has been associated with the risks for heart disease and the decline of recognition abilities in seniors， according to a press release from the university.
The researchers investigated the potential benefits of weekly virtual visits for a three-month period. The participants were people aged 65 and older who lived in Montreal. Half of the participants took part in online visits and a discussion afterwards， while the control group did not participate in any cultural events at all. The group who participated in the virtual visits showed improvements in their quality of life. "Our study showed that art-based activity may be an effective intervention，" lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet， a professor at the University of Montreal， said in the press release. "On a global scale， this participatory art-based activity could become a model that could be offered in museums and arts institutions worldwide to promote active and healthy aging."
The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization （WHO） to manage certain diseases， according to Beauchet. For instance， the WHO launched the Aging and Health Program in 2015 that included using community-based organizations to promote culture as a key component of improving health. Traditionally， these sorts of preventive health activities have taken place in schools， community centers， and workplaces. "While these are suitable locations that reach a great number of people， there are additional organizations and sectors that could become partners in public health research and practice development，" Beauchet said. "Museums are among such potential partners. They are aware of the needs of their communities and are consequently expanding the types of activities they offer."
研究表明，经常在网上参观博物馆能够帮助老年人保持精神上的活跃，并能为老年人带来其他有利于健康的好处。
【词语积累】　virtual adj.模拟的，虚拟的　be associated with...与……有关　be aware of...意识到……，知道……
1. How do seniors benefit from regular virtual visits to museums？
A. They get survival skills.
B. They develop interest in art.
C. They improve their quality of life.
D. They connect more with family.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第三段中的"The group...showed improvements in their quality of life"可知，C选项正确。
2. What can be inferred from Beauchet’s words in Paragraph 3？
A. The participants come from the whole world.
B. Museums need better cultural events.
C. Face-to-face discussion is a useful intervention.
D. Seniors should attend more art-based activities.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第三段中的"‘Our study showed that art-based activity may be an effective intervention，’ lead author Dr. Olivier Beauchet..."可知，Beauchet认为他们的研究表明基于艺术的活动可能是一种有效的干预，由此可推知老年人应该多参加一些这样的活动，故D选项正确。
3. What is the purpose of the last paragraph？
A. To advocate. B. To entertain.
C. To advertise. D. To warn.
解析　A　意图推断题。由最后一段内容，尤其是"The initiative reflects approaches recommended by the World Health Organization（WHO） to manage certain diseases" "Museums are among such potential partners...are consequently expanding the types of activities they offer"可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是提倡老年人经常在网上参观博物馆，故本题选A项。
4. Which may be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Aged Form a Community to Reduce Loneliness
B. Virtual Art-based Activities Bring People Together
C. Online Museum Trips Improve Seniors’ Well-being
D. Retired Individuals Pay More Visits to Museums
解析　C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲了一个新的研究发现——经常在网上参观博物馆能够帮助老年人保持精神上的活跃，并能为老年人带来其他有利于健康的好处，故C选项正确。
B
[2024山东日照校际联考]A well-known social media platform once made headlines for limiting likes in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings resulting from attaching popularity to sharing content. "This is a small step in the right direction，" says Jacqueline Sperling， a psychologist who works with the youth that experience anxiety disorders.
Social media has a reinforcing nature. The platforms are designed to be addictive and are related to anxiety， depression， and even physical illnesses. But what makes users come back for more even when it can literally make them feel sick？
"The unknown outcome and the possibility of a desired outcome can keep users engaged with the sites，" Sperling says. "When the outcome is unpredictable， the behavior is more likely to repeat." To boost self-esteem and feel a sense of belonging in their social circles， people post content with the hope of receiving positive feedback. FOMO — fear of missing out — also plays a role. Teenagers hope to keep track of friends’ activities. Missing experiences can create anxiety and depression.
The earlier teens start using social media， the greater impact the platforms have on mental health. This is especially true for females. While teen males tend to express aggression physically， females do so by excluding others and sharing hurtful comments. Social media increases the opportunity for such harmful interactions.
In addition， social media puts a distorted （扭曲的） lens on appearances and reality. When there’s a filter applied to the digital world， it can be hard for teens to tell what’s real and what isn’t， which comes at a tough time for them physically and emotionally.
We can benefit from social platforms to some extent， as they allow people to stay in touch with family and friends around the world. Still， the platforms have opened a "Pandora’s box" as they continue to evolve more quickly than we can research their impact.
In addition to limiting likes， Sperling suggests social platforms consider decreasing mass sharing. Regardless of how likely social media giants are to change their ways， though， individuals can take control of their own behavior.
本文以某社交媒体平台限制点赞开篇，分析了青少年频繁使用社交媒体的原因，呈现了社交媒体的一些不良影响。
【词语积累】　comparison n.比较　boost v.增强（信心、士气），促进　keep track of...了解……的动态，与……保持联系　aggression n.攻击性，好斗情绪
1. Why did the famous social media platform mentioned in paragraph 1 limit likes？
A. To share more content.
B. To increase its popularity.
C. To ensure teens’ well-being.
D. To reduce teens’ online time.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段的"in an effort to reduce the comparisons and hurt feelings"可知，限制点赞的目的在于减少攀比，减少感情上受到的伤害。第二段指出社交媒体与焦虑、抑郁，甚至身体疾病相关；同时文章的谈论对象为青少年。因此，此举有助于青少年健康地使用社交媒体以确保其身心健康，故选C。
2. Which of the following does Sperling agree with？
A. Social media’s distorted lens helps teens understand the real world.
B. Social media’s unpredictable outcome attracts frequent visits.
C. Social media is helpful to teens with anxiety and depression.
D. Social media has a greater impact on female teens than on male teens.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第三段中Sperling说的话"When the outcome is unpredictable， the behavior is more likely to repeat"可知， 当结果不可预测时，行为越有可能重复，即频繁使用社交媒体，故选B。
3. What does "Pandora’s box" in paragraph 6 imply？
A. Social media can be double-edged.
B. People benefit from social platforms.
C. People get boxes of gifts from social platforms.
D. Social media opens a door for people to see the world.
解析　A　词义理解题。由第五段中的"it can be hard for teens...physically and emotionally"可知，社交媒体有弊端；由第六段中的"We can benefit from social platforms...around the world"可知，在某种程度上人们可以从社交平台中受益。由此可知，此处的"潘多拉魔盒"暗示社交媒体既有利也有弊，是把双刃剑，故选A。
4. What will the author most probably talk about next？
A. Advice on users’ controlling mass sharing.
B. Reasons for teens’ posting addictions.
C. Negative effects of harmful interactions.
D. Ways of social media giants’ management.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"Regardless of how likely...individuals can take control of their own behavior"可知，不管社交媒体大公司作出改变的可能性有多大，个人也可以控制自己的行为。由此可推出，接下来作者有可能会谈论关于个人如何减少大量分享的建议，故选A。
二、完形填空
[2023重庆二测]With over 125，000 followers， 34-year-old Oliver James is a star in the BookTok community. And it all started with a simple 　1　： Learn to read.
For most kids， school is a place where they can develop a relationship with learning in a 　2　 environment. For James， the opposite. 　3　 with learning and behavior disabilities made him in 　4　 education. "The special education system at the time was a lot more 　5　 on behavior than educating，" he said.
Reading 　6　 carried over into James’ adulthood and significantly 　7　 his employment opportunities and affected his self-esteem（自尊心）. However， when he and his wife decided to 　8　 their family to three， James became determined to change things.
Starting his journey with a book of inspirational quotes gifted by his wife， James began reading bits out loud and 　9　 them to TikTok. Being a motivational speaker， he would often combine his interests with his heartfelt honesty and personality. 　10　 will often send James more books to read in hopes for his book reviews.
But perhaps the biggest 　11　 has been the way reading has 　12　 James’ relationship with his son. In an interview， he shared that they’ve not only 　13　 over books but reading has proven to be a great 　14　 for mental health， which has helped James become a better parent. James’ new goal is to read 100 new titles by 2024 — 　15　 for any bookworm in this day and age.
Oliver James是一个有学习和行为障碍的人。阅读障碍一直伴随着他，并极大地影响了他的就业和生活。等他和妻子决定生孩子时，他决定改变。James开始阅读并在社交媒体上打卡，这也激励了粉丝们。粉丝们经常给他寄书读，盼望着聆听他的书评。阅读也增进了他和儿子的关系。
1. A. title B. goal
C. name D. campaign
解析　B　"Learn to read"应是James自己的目标（goal）。另外，最后一段中的"James’ new goal"也是提示。
2. A. safe B. dangerous
C. crowded D. noisy
解析　A　由常识可知，学校是一个进行学习的安全（safe）之地。
3. A. Putting up B. Going up
C. Clearing up D. Growing up
解析　D　在成长（Growing up）的过程中，学习和行为障碍一直伴随着James。put up张贴，建造；go up（建筑物、墙等）被建造，上涨；clear up放晴，整理，清理。
4. A. logical B. mental
C. special D. common
解析　C　此题可通过词语复现解答。结合下文中的"The special education system at the time"可知，本题选C。
5. A. depended B. turned
C. brought D. focused
解析　D　当时的特殊教育系统更多地关注行为，故选D项。
6. A. struggles B. proposals
C. conflicts D. regrets
解析　A　分析语境可知，空处所填词与上文中的"learning and behavior disabilities"对应，故选A。
7. A. developed B. increased
C. reduced D. damaged
解析　C　结合常识和下文中的"affected his self-esteem（自尊心）"可知，阅读障碍极大地减少（reduced）了他的就业机会。
8. A. leave B. occupy
C. expand D. forgive
解析　C　文章从James小时候写起，写到了他成年，此处讲到了他结婚后的情况，他和妻子决定从二人世界发展成为三口之家。expand表示"扩大，增加"，符合语境。
9. A. commenting B. posting
C. writing D. connecting
解析　B　由上文的"a star in the BookTok community"可知，此处说的是James开始大声阅读并把视频发到（posting）TikTok上。
10. A. Fans B. Librarians
C. Speakers D. Booksellers
解析　A　由上文的"began reading bits out loud and 　posting　 them to TikTok"和下文中的"in hopes for his book reviews"可知，James的粉丝（Fans）经常寄书给他并希望听到他的书评。
11. A. weakness B. outcome
C. threat D. impact
解析　D　由语境和下文的"has helped James become a better parent"可知，此处指读书给James带来的影响（impact）。weakness虚弱，软弱，缺点，不足；outcome结果，效果；threat威胁，恐吓。
12. A. ruined B. shaped
C. ended D. saved
解析　B　由语境和下文的"has helped James become a better parent"可知，读书影响（shaped）了James和儿子之间的关系。
13. A. collapsed B. bonded
C. quarreled D. argued
解析　B　由语境和常识可知，此处在说阅读的积极影响，James和其儿子之间通过图书建立了密切的关系。bond表示"建立亲近关系，建立（与某人的）互信关系"，符合语境。
14. A. resource B. barrier
C. preference D. loan
解析　A　事实证明阅读是心理健康的一大资源（resource）。barrier障碍，障碍物；preference偏爱，爱好，喜爱；loan贷款，借款。
15. A. unrealistic B. greedy
C. ambitious D. influential
解析　C　结合常识和上文中的"to read 100 new titles by 2024"可知，在如今的时代，对任何一个书虫来说，这都是一个宏大的（ambitious）目标。unrealistic不切实际的，不实事求是的；greedy贪婪的，贪心的，贪吃的；influential有很大影响的，有支配力的。
三、语法填空
[社会热点/2024湖北武汉调研]A groundbreaking new system from the Changsha IFS mall shows 1　　　　 5G transforms the shopping experience.
2　　　　 updating clothes or comparing prices， mobile technology has transformed the shopping habits of 3　　　　（today）customers.5G is bringing the mobile revolution into real-world shopping.
In China’s Changsha， Changsha IFS became the first 5G-enabled 4　　　　（commerce）complex in the country. And it’s using a new shopping navigator， iGO， whose role isn’t just helping users find their way around the mall’s different 5　　　　（level）. Users can even enjoy a personalized shopping experience and engage in an interactive treasure hunt game.
Common phone navigation tools can be tough 6　　　　（use）within complex indoor environments. However， the iGO system， which opens directly from WeChat， uses the smartphone camera to capture the user’s precise 7　　　　（locate）.
Once a destination 8　　　　（select）， the navigator starts to guide shoppers through their environment step by step. iGO combines 5G technology with augmented reality so that navigation markers appear on top of the real environment， 9　　　　（mean）shoppers can easily navigate， turn by turn and floor by floor， 10　　　　 having to puzzle out how the blocks on a map relate to where they are in the real world.
本文主要介绍了长沙IFS成为中国首家5G全覆盖的商业综合体和新的购物导航系统iGO的使用。
1.how　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导宾语从句，且表示方式，故空处应填how。
2.Whether　考查连词。whether...or...表示"不管……还是……"，是固定表达。注意首字母大写。
3.today’s　考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰后面的名词customers，表示所属关系，所以空处填today’s。
4.commercial　考查形容词。本空解题的关键在于理解空后的complex。complex在此处作名词，因此空处应用形容词，所以空处填commercial。
5.levels　考查名词的数。level在此意为"楼层"，是可数名词。由空前的different可知，空处应用名词复数，所以空处填levels。
6.to use　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处涉及的是"主语＋be＋adj.＋to do"结构，所以空处填to use。
7.location　考查名词。由空前的precise可知，空处应用名词，所以空处填location。
8.is selected/has been selected　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作从句的谓语。此处描述一般情况，时态用一般现在时；主语a destination表示第三人称单数概念，且与select之间是被动关系，故空处填is selected。此处也可以用现在完成时强调结果。综上可知，空处可填is selected/has been selected。
9.meaning　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示主动关系和动作的同时性，所以空处填现在分词meaning。
10.without　考查介词。结合句意可知，空处填without（没有，无）。UNIT 4 　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　individual　 adj.单独的；个别的 n.个人
2.　chief　 adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n.（公司或机构的）首领；酋长
3.　nearby　 adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
4.　conquer　 vt.占领；征服；控制
5.　battle　 n.战役；搏斗；斗争 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
6.　charge　 n.收费；指控；主管 vt.& vi.收费 vt.控告；充电
7.　amount　 n.金额；数量
8.　gallery　 n.（艺术作品的）展览馆；画廊
9.　approach　 n.方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.& vt.靠近
10.　ensure　 vt.保证；确保；担保
11.　position　 n.位置；姿态；职位
12.　feast　 n.盛宴；宴会；节日
13.　roll　 vi.& vt.（使）翻滚；（使）滚动 n.卷（轴）；翻滚
14.　custom　 n.风俗；习俗；习惯
15.　striking　 adj.引人注目的；显著的
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　puzzle　 n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑 →　puzzling　 adj.令人困惑的 →　puzzled　 adj.困惑的
2.　defend　 vt.& vi.辩护；防护；保卫；防守 →　defence　 n.防御；保卫 →　defensive　 adj.防御的；保护的
3.　legal　 adj.法律的；合法的 →　illegal　 adj.不合法的 →　illegally　 adv.非法地
4.　surround　 vt.围绕；包围 →　surrounding　 adj.周围的；附近的 →　surroundings　 n.环境
5.　evidence　 n.证据；证明 →　evident　 adj.明显的
6.　achieve　 vt.达到；实现 →　achievement　 n.成就；成绩；达到
7.　locate　 vt.确定……的准确地点；找出……的位置 →　location　 n.地方；地点；位置 →　located　 adj.坐落于；位于
8.　fascinate　 vt.使着迷；迷住 →　fascinating　 adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 →　fascinated　 adj.入迷的 →　fascination　 n.着迷；魅力
9.　announce　 vt.宣布；通知；声称 →　announcement　 n.宣布；通告 →　announcer　 n.广播员；（球类比赛的）解说员
10.　generous　 adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 →　generously　 adv.慷慨地
11.　eager　 adj.热切的；渴望的 →　eagerly　 adv.热心地；急切地 →　eagerness　 n.热切；渴望
12.　poet　 n.诗人 →　poem　 n.诗 →　poetry　 n.诗歌（总称）
13.　greet　 vt.问候；迎接 →　greeting　 n.问候；致意
14.　crowd　 n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤 →　crowded　 adj.拥挤的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.philosophy　n. 　哲学　
2.descendant　n. 　后裔；后代；子孙　
3.heel　n. 　足跟；（脚、袜子、鞋等的）后跟　
4.kingdom　n. 　王国；领域　
5.currency　n. 　通货；货币　
6.military　adj. 　军事的；军用的　
7.port　n. 　港口（城市）　
8.landscape　n. 　（陆上，尤指乡村的）风景　
9.ancestor　n. 　祖宗；祖先　
10.courtyard　n. 　庭院；院子　
11.snack　n. 　点心；小吃　
12.county　n. 　（英国、爱尔兰的）郡；（美国的）县　
13.roar　vi.& n. 　吼叫；咆哮　
14.scent　n. 　气味；气息　
15.transition　n. 　过渡；转变；变迁　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　join... to...　 把……和……连接或联结起来
2.　break away （from sb./sth.）　 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3.　belong to　 属于
4.　as well as　 同（一样也）；和；还
5.　keep one’s eyes open （for）　 留心；留意
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.The United Kingdom， Great Britain， Britain， England - many people are confused by 　what these different names mean　.（what引导宾语从句）
联合王国，大不列颠，英国，英格兰——许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到困惑。
2.So what is the difference between them，　if any　？ （if省略结构）
那么，如果有的话，它们之间的区别是什么呢？
3.They use the same flag， 　known as the Union Jack　， as well as share the same currency and military defence. （过去分词短语作后置定语）
他们拥有同样的货币和国防，也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
4.　If you keep your eyes open　， you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. （keep＋宾语＋宾补）
如果你留心，你会吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。
5.The peaceful landscape of the "Emerald Isle" and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes， 　with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle　. （with复合结构）
"绿宝石（爱尔兰）岛"风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.On the Lunar New Year’s Eve， the entire family get together for a 　feast　（盛宴） and the elder members give the younger generation lucky money in red envelopes.
2.The horse had been the 　chief　（最重要的） means of transportation till the 20th century when it was gradually replaced by the car.
3.Rather than staying at home during the holiday， they decided to take a short trip to a 　nearby　（附近的） port to enjoy the fascinating scenery.
4.The patient fought a tough 　battle　（斗争） against the cancer， not giving up hope.
5.The workers went on repairing the railway for as long as twelve hours to 　ensure　（确保） the train was in service on time.
6.I think he is fit for the 　position　（职位）； therefore， I’ll put him forward for chief secretary.
7.The food， clothes and 　customs　（风俗） all reflect the tradition and history of your destination.
8.Climate-related natural disasters strike more often than ever， causing huge economic loss to countries and 　individuals　（个人）.
9.The company is exploring ideas to produce the highest value from products while consuming the least 　amount　（数量） of money.
10.To our amazement， the pub 　charged　 us only $5 for the snack that day. It was well worth it.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The famous poet lives in a small country after retirement. He enjoys the pleasant 　surroundings　. His house is 　surrounded　 by trees and flowers. He sometimes takes a walk to the 　surrounding　 areas. （surround）
2.It was 　evident　 that all the 　evidence　 we collected proved him to be guilty. （evident）
3.There was a 　puzzled　 look on the little girl’s face because a 　puzzling　 problem 　puzzled　 her. （puzzle）
4.In time of war， huge amounts of money will be spent on 　defence　 and many measures will be taken 　to defend　 a country from being attacked. （defend）
5.The chief manager 　announced　 that the company would provide fruits for the staff free of charge from next month. The 　announcement　 would be sent to everyone by email. （announce）
6.I hold the firm belief that you are bound 　to achieve　 your dream of being admitted to a key university， which will give you a wonderful sense of 　achievement　. （achieve）
7.John showed his 　eagerness　 to join the club. After sending his application， he 　eagerly　 checked his phone a hundred times for response. （eager）
8.There are many 　fascinating　 sights. For example， Mount Tai’s pretty scenery has 　fascinated　 many poets and painters， who are also 　fascinated　 by its history and legends.（fascinate）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
join...to...　break away （from sb./sth.）
belong to as well as　keep one’s eyes open （for）
1.He is considering selling the old house which 　belongs to　 his grandparents and using the money to start a business of his own.
2.You should 　keep your eyes open for　 your belongings when going on a trip.
3.When preparing meals， we need to think about variety and taste 　as well as　 nutritional value.
4.To solve the population problems， many farmers are encouraged to move to the island， which 　is joined to　 the mainland by a bridge.
5.Great changes have taken place in this country since they 　broke away from　 conventions and allowed girls to receive education.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.你在上一封邮件中问我中国学生通常使用什么社交软件。（what引导宾语从句）
You asked me in your last email 　what social apps Chinese students usually use　.
2.如果有必要，你可以在周末联系我。（if省略结构）
You can contact me on the weekend，　if necessary　.
3.去年政府提出的垃圾分类对环境保护有很大好处。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
Garbage sorting 　put forward by the government　 last year is greatly beneficial to environmental protection.
4.说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。（keep＋宾语＋宾补）
Speaking of table manners， 　keep your voice low　 during the meal.
5.随着时间的推移，越来越多的学生和老师都渴望加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。（with复合结构）
　With time going by　， more and more students as well as teachers are eager to join our Oral English Club.
Are you eager to know about the United Kingdom？ The country’s fascinating landscapes offer a true feast for your eyes and inspire great poets. But are you puzzled by its several names？ Since I visited galleries and approached the local individuals，I’ve known more about its history. In the 16th century， the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later， Scotland as well as Ireland was joined to the country. In the 20th century， the southern part of Ireland announced that it broke away from the UK， resulting in the full name we have today： the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Belonging to the UK， the four countries use the same flag and share the same currency and military defence. However， they have different education systems and legal systems. Almost everywhere you go， you’ll find yourself surrounded by amounts of evidence of four different groups of people who took charge of the land at different times. Studying its history will ensure your visit is much more enjoyable.
1　surround vt.围绕；包围
1.[人教选必③－3]The beautiful Li River and its amazing 　surrounding　（surround） scenery is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
2.[外研必修③－1]When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time adjusting to her new 　surroundings　（surround）.
3.绿树环绕，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河穿行其中。（景色描写）
　Surrounded by green trees　， the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school. There is a small river flowing through the farm.
★surround...with... 用……包围…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 ★surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 surroundings n.环境
2　charge n.收费；指控；主管　vt.& vi.收费　vt.控告；充电
4.[人教选必②－1]He（Qian Xuesen） received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put 　in　 charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
5.[人教选必④－1]Whoever is charged 　with　 a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise.
6.The fees they charge 　for　 their guarantee of quality will be raised next month.
7.得知这些花是给孤儿院的孩子们的，慷慨的店主把花免费给了我们。
Knowing the flowers were for the kids in the orphanage， 　the generous shop owner gave us the flowers free of charge　.
8.我是"Talk and Talk"节目的负责人。我很荣幸能邀请您参加现场脱口秀。 （邀请信）
　I am in charge of the program "Talk and Talk"　. I am much honored to invite you for a live talk show.
★charge for... 收……的费用 charge sb. money for sth.因某事向某人收费 charge sb. with （doing） sth. 控告/指控某人（做）某事 ★free of charge （＝for free）免费 take charge of 掌管，负责 in charge of 主管，负责 in the charge of sb.＝in sb.’s charge由某人掌管
3　amount n.金额；数量　vi.总计；相当于，等于
1.[外研选必④－5]Although the brain amounts 　to　 only about 2％ of total body weight， it uses up to 20％ of the body’s energy - more than any other organ.
2.[北师必修③－8]The amount of waste in landfills in China 　has risen　（rise） exponentially（以指数方式） over the last decade.
the amount of表示"……的数量"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，再根据句中的"over the last decade"可知，空处应用现在完成时。注意rise的过去分词形式为risen。
3.[北师必修③－8]A huge amount of waste — 800，000 tonnes — 　is imported　（import） each year to produce Sweden’s electricity.
4.[北师选必②－6]As present-day advertisers often have large budgets， huge amounts of money 　are spent　（spend） on applying modern design techniques to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible.
1.句意：由于当今的广告商往往有庞大的预算，他们花了大量的钱来应用现代设计技术，使这些广告尽可能地具有视觉吸引力。
2.a huge amount of和huge amounts of都表示"大量的"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与amount保持一致。易混点："large quantities/amounts of＋n."作主语时谓语动词用复数，而"a large quantity of＋n."作主语时谓语动词的数取决于of后面的名词。
★amount to 共计，总计 ★the amount of ＋不可数名词 ……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式） a large/small amount of＋n. [U]＋v. （单数） large/small amounts of＋n. [U]＋v. （复数）
4　approach n.方法；途径；接近　vt.接近；接洽；着手处理　vt.& vi.靠近
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. a method B. movement towards or near to sth. C. to deal with
①[外研必修③－1]Approached in this way， your friendship will soon be repaired. 　C　
②While this approach is effective in losing weight， it is not as beneficial as keeping a balanced diet. 　A　
③She stood up to greet him as soon as she noticed his approach. 　B　
2.The best approach to 　achieving　（achieve） a goal is to devote 100％ of your time and energy to it.
approach后的to为介词，其后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的其后跟介词to的名词还有answer， key， solution， entrance等。
3.With the coming of the spring， everything is coming to life again.
→①　As the spring approaches　， everything is coming to life again. （as引导状语从句，approach）
→②　With the spring approaching　， everything is coming to life again. （with复合结构，approach）
★the approach to... ……的方法；通往……的道路（to为介词） the approach to （doing） sth.（做）某事的方式/方法 the approach of... ……的来临/临近 ★其他表示"方式、方法"的表达： in a（n）...manner；in this way；by means of...；with this method；the method of/for （doing） sth.
5　eager adj.热切的；渴望的
1.[人教选必②－2]British people are fascinated by our culture and eager 　to learn　（learn） more about it， so I’m keen to share my culture with them.
2.[外研必修①－1]I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my 　eagerness　（eager） to get to know my new school.
3.As the Spring Festival is approaching， the children 　eagerly　 （eager） look forward to meeting their grandparents in the hometown.
4.面对这么多问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。 （求助信）
→①　Facing so many problems， I am eager for your help.　 （现在分词作状语， be eager for）
★be eager for... 渴求得到…… be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 ★eagerly adv.急切地 eagerness n.渴望，热切 ★"渴望做某事"的其他表达： long to do sth.； be dying to do sth.； be anxious to do sth.
→②　Faced with so many problems， I am eager to get your help.　 （过去分词作状语， be eager to do）
6　break away （from sb./sth.） 脱离；背叛；逃脱
用break的相关短语完成句子
1.He was charging his car when the fire 　broke out　.
2.[外研必修②－6]It takes hundreds of years for plastic to 　break down　， but much less time for paper.
3.My dog suddenly 　broke away from　 me， charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.
此处charge作动词，意为"向……方向冲去"。如：
The children charged down the stairs. 孩子们冲下了楼梯。
4.This story of friendship is touching because it shows how friendship can 　break through　 our physical weaknesses to connect our hearts.
5.Her little face 　broke into　 a smile when her father came around the corner. （读后续写之神态描写）
★break down破坏；（使）分解；（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚；（身体）出毛病，垮掉；（计划等）失败；消除（某种感情或态度） break in 打断，插话；破门而入 break into强行闯入；突然开始 break out（战争、火灾等）爆发，突然发生 break through 突破，冲破 break up破碎；解散；结束
7　belong to属于
1.When I was waiting on the stage to be awarded， I couldn’t help thinking that this prize belonged 　to　 every one of our team.
2.Please make sure you have all your 　belongings　（belong） with you when leaving the plane.
3.Family albums create 　a strong sense of belonging　（强烈的归属感） for family members.
4.这个酒馆是我邻居的，他为了独立已经脱离了家庭。
　The pub belongs to my neighbor， who has broken away from his family to be independent.　（who引导非限制性定语从句）
★belong to无被动语态和进行时态；其后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词所有格或名词性物主代词。 ★belonging n. [U]归属；[pl.]所有物 a sense of belonging归属感
8　as well as同（一样也）；和；还
1.[外研必修②－6]This includes keeping the original environment from being touched， as well as 　adopting　（adopt）new， sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.
2.[人教选必②－2]As well as 　studying　（study） hard， I’ve been involved in social activities.
此处as well as为介词，表示"除……之外"，故其后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：除了努力学习，我还参加了社交活动。
3.The fascinating landscape as well as the unique local dishes 　makes　（make） the island one of America’s most popular tourist destinations. （景点介绍）
as well as在此连接两个并列主语，谓语的数应与前面的The fascinating landscape保持一致。有类似用法的词语还有with， along with， together with， rather than， besides， but， except等，如：
The mother，together with her children， has gone to the countryside to visit their grandparents.
4.I am fond of listening to English songs， and I also like reading English novels.
→I am fond of listening to English songs 　as well as reading English novels　. （写作升级）
★作并列连词，表示"和，也"，连接并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与as well as前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 ★作介词，表示"除……之外"，相当于besides和in addition to。 ★表示同级比较，意为"和……一样好"，此时well是副词。
9　with复合结构
1.With so many problems 　to approach　（approach）， we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
2.The moment I walked into the gallery， I noticed the painter， with his eyes 　focused　（focus） on a statue.
3.The park is always crowded on weekends， with large numbers of people 　enjoying　（enjoy） themselves there.
★with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语 with＋宾语＋to do（表示动作尚未发生） with＋宾语＋doing（表示主动、动作正在进行） with＋宾语＋done（表示被动、动作已完成）
4.　With tears in his eyes　 （眼里含着泪水）， the elder soldier stood there still， watching the red flag rising to the air. （读后续写之神态描写）
10　if省略结构
if not　if any　if possible　if so　if necessary
1.[外研必修①－1]You must have had some moments when you were disappointed. 　If so　， how did you deal with them？
2.Does this bag belong to you？ 　If not　， we surely must find the owner.
3.　If possible　， keep a spare pair of glasses accessible in case your main pair is broken or lost.
4.　If necessary　， you can ring me and I will come in no time.
★if any即使有，如果有的话 if not如果不是这样的话；不然 if so如果是这样的话 if ever如果有过/发生过的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话
5.After finishing writing， we need to exchange the poems with our partners， and correct each other’s mistakes 　if any　.
常见的动词词缀
前缀en-，后缀-en，-ize/-ise，-ify都是常见的动词词缀。
en- 使处于……状态 -en 使，使成为，变得 -ize/-ise 使……化 -ify 使……化
本单元 ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
拓展 enlarge vt.& vi.扩大 broaden vi.变宽，变阔 modernize vi.& vt.使现代化 unify vi.& vt.统一，使成一体
endanger vt.使遭受危险；危害 blacken vi.& vt.（使）变黑 realize vt.实现 purify vt.提纯；使洁净
encourage vt.鼓励；激励 sadden vt.使悲伤 civilize vt.教化；使文明 classify vt.将……分类
1.It’s important to 　memorize　（memory） these regulations before taking the contest.
2.Only by practising day in and day out can you 　sharpen　（sharp） your skills.
3.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Xu Xiake. Fields of flowers， tile-roofed（瓦屋顶） villages and tasty meals 　enrich　（rich） this wonderful experience.
4.The theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and 　strengthen　（strength） mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road.
5.The computer has 　simplified　（simply） the difficult task of teaching reading to the deaf.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023浙江1月]InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches 　to　 "low-impact" solar development， which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.
句意：InSPIRE正在研究"低影响"开发太阳能的实用方法，该方法侧重于以对土地更友好的方式建造和运营太阳能农场。
"做某事的方法"多样表达：①an approach to doing sth.　②a way to do sth. / a way of doing sth.　③a method of doing sth.　④a means of doing sth.
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]A workout partner usually needs to live close by. If you plan on working out in a gym， that person must belong 　to　 the same gym.
3.[2022北京]This was the very door I carefully guided the children through to 　ensure　（sure）their safety from the bitter cold.
4.[2021全国乙]The patient looked 　puzzled　（puzzle）， and then replied： "Oh this isn’t for the care I had..."
5.[2021全国乙]As she was leaving she was eager 　to say　（say） goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.
6.[2021浙江]It was tiring work， but I looked forward to the pay， even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount 　to　.
7.[2020浙江]The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp， which 　was surrounded　（surround） by a high wire fence.
follow one’s nose 凭嗅觉指引；凭直觉办事；一直向前走。
8.[全国Ⅰ]Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a 　crowded　（crowd）mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？
9.[江苏高考]Wild camping is 　illegal　（legal） in England. To avoid being caught， the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.
10.[全国Ⅰ]Yet there is 　evidence　（evident）suggesting that the trend is growing.
句意：然而有证据表明，这一趋势正在增长。空处后的"suggesting that the trend is growing"为现在分词短语作后置定语，说明evidence的内容。
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.方法 B. v.靠近
C. v.与……接洽/商量 D. v.着手处理
①[2023浙江1月]I stopped， and she soon took wing but did not immediately fly away. Hovering（悬停）， she approached within six inches of my face. 　　B　
She指的是蜂鸟。前文语境："我"在朋友的农场救了一只蜂鸟。当"我"离开时，这只蜂鸟飞了过来，停在了"我"的面前一直看着"我"，然后吱吱叫。
②[2022新高考Ⅱ]So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior， lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach： They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. 　A　
③[2021天津]Human qualities also involve how you think， how you approach problems， and how you break them down... 　D　
④[北京高考]With her dad’s permission， she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. 　C　
approach在高考中较常出现，其中作名词表示"方法"和作动词表示"临近"最为常见，它也是写作中的高级词汇。如：
With the exam approaching， I get rather anxious.随着考试的临近，我变得很焦虑。
Intangible cultural heritage is an important approach to appreciating ancient civilizations.非物质文化遗产是欣赏古代文明的一条重要途径。
2.
A. adj.最高级别的 B. n.首领
C. adj.最重要的
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]That is partly because people are driving more， but Mark Rosekind， the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration， said distracted（分心） driving was "only increasing， unfortunately." 　B　
②[全国Ⅲ]"It’s no secret that China has always been a source（来源） of inspiration for designers，" says Amanda Hill， chief creative officer at A＋E Networks， a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion（时尚） shows. 　　A　
③[全国Ⅲ]Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762. 　C　
3.[2022全国甲]A year later， much to my delight， this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. 　v.求婚　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——中国传统文化
[2021全国甲]假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括：
1.阐明写信事由；
2.征求建议；
3.表示感谢。
◎写作要点
1.我们学校宣布了一项介绍中国传统文化的活动。（announce）
　Our school has announced an activity to introduce traditional Chinese culture.　
2.作为班长，我负责我们的班会，所以我现在急需你的帮助。（charge， eager）
　As a monitor， I am in charge of our class meeting， so I am eager for your help now.　
3.众所周知，中国有许多迷人而独特的传统文化和习俗。（fascinating， as well as， custom）
　It is widely acknowledged that China has large numbers of fascinating and unique traditional cultures as well as customs.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
　Dear Chris，　
　How’s everything going？　
　Our school has announced an activity to introduce traditional Chinese culture. The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings and the display will start on May 25.　
　As a monitor， I am in charge of our class meeting， so I am eager for your help now. It is widely acknowledged that China has large numbers of fascinating and unique traditional cultures as well as customs. I am wondering which ones would attract you foreigners most. Given your passion for traditional Chinese culture， your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us.　
　I am looking forward to your early reply.　
　Yours，　
　Li Hua　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之害怕与恐惧（二）
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.be open-mouthed with horror吓得目瞪口呆 2.shake/tremble with fear 吓得发抖 3.freeze with terror 吓呆了 4.stand rooted to the spot with fear 吓得呆若木鸡 5.be scared to death 害怕得要命 6.tremble from head to toe全身颤抖 7.be seized/overwhelmed by a sense of horror害怕极了 8.a flood of fear wells up in sb. 恐惧涌上心头 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.一阵恐慌涌上心头。我能感觉到我的心在胸口狂跳。 　A flood of panic welled up in me　. I could feel my heart beating wildly in my chest. 2.当看到那只凶恶的狼时，我吓呆了，不敢动弹。 At the sight of the fierce wolf， I 　froze with terror/was frozen with fear　， and didn’t dare to move an inch. 3.小男孩藏在树后，吓得不敢出声。 The little boy hid himself behind the tree， 　too frightened to make a sound　. 4.听到熊在屋外咆哮，我害怕极了，浑身发抖，手心都出汗了。 Hearing the bear roaring outside the house， I 　was extremely scared　， 　trembling from head to toe　， and my palms were sweating. （第二空现在分词短语作状语） 5.弗兰克从屋子里冲出来，眼中充满恐惧。 Frank burst out of the room， 　with terror in his eyes　. （with复合结构） 6.他脸色苍白，吓得浑身发抖。"我打碎了桌子中间的雕像。"他哭喊道。 He was pale and 　shaking with fright　. "I broke the statue at the centre of the table，" he cried.
佳 句 1.When Albert suddenly realized that the brakes weren’t working， he turned to me， with his eyes full of horror. 当阿尔伯特突然间意识到刹车失灵了，他转身看着我，眼中充满了恐惧。 2.Whenever I think of what happened in that house， fear seized my heart. 每当我想起那幢房子里发生的事，我心中都满是恐惧。 3.The man was too frightened to say a word at the sight of the tiger. 那人一看到老虎就吓得一句话也不敢说。 4.Mark heard a scream and raced into the kitchen just in time to see a mouse running across the floor. He was frozen with fright. 马克听到一声尖叫，跑进厨房，正好看到一只老鼠在地板上跑过。他吓得僵住了。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Each April Thais celebrate their "Thai New Year" with a great water fight on the streets. People throw water at everyone passing by and even block the road so they can enter buses and "paint the faces" of all the passengers. But there are a few people who don’t wish to participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebration， I was one of them.
The first time our bus was stopped， 4 people coming into the bus intended to paint everyone’s face. I slowly shook my head to say "No， thank you"， but a man came from behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the other three felt inspired and added a little more "paint" to my face. I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did， they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack， which would damage whatever was inside.
Even though it happened only once， emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless. The experience caused me to think a lot about respect and moral autonomy or individual judgment vs "permission" from the authorities. On this day， people of Thailand， including the police， give "permission" for these activities. So what about respect for the individual？ If someone does not want to be painted， is it OK to do it anyhow because the majority is having a good time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun， or because the police allow it？
In my opinion， if someone does not want to have something done to them， then you’re supposed to respect their decision. You can’t rely on the authorities or some group to tell you if something is right or wrong or if you should or shouldn’t do something. I believe this is a much healthier way of living with one another in this world.
每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。
1. How does the author introduce the topic？
A. By raising a question.
B. By making an assumption.
C. By providing a comparison.
D. By supporting a celebration.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段可知，每年四月，泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的"泰国新年"。人们向每个过路的人泼水，甚至堵住道路，进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中，作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知，作者是通过对比的方法引入本文的主题的。综上可知，C项正确。
2. Why did the author inactively resist being painted？
A. He was afraid of causing conflict.
B. He wanted to protect things in his backpack.
C. The activity got official permission.
D. The majority was in favor of the behavior.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段中的"I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did， they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack， which would damage whatever was inside"可知，作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西，故选B。
3. What did the author think of the experience？
A. It was unpleasant.
B. It was invaluable.
C. It was informative.
D. It was acceptable.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第三段中的"emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless"可知，从情感上来说，这是一次非常可怕的经历，因为作者感到很无力。由此可知，对于作者来说，这次经历是不愉快的。
4. What is mainly conveyed in the last paragraph？
A. Do as you would be done by.
B. Fear always springs from ignorance.
C. When in Rome do as the Romans do.
D. Respect matters in interpersonal communication.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，作者认为，如果有人不想被如此对待，那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖官方或某个团体来告诉你某事是对是错，或者你应该或不应该做某事。他相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式。综上可知，本题选D。
B
[2024天星原创]College sports have many traditions. The tradition in the University of Iowa （UI） is the Hawkeye Wave. When the first quarter is over at Kinnick Stadium， Hawkeye fans turn to UI Stead Family Children’s Hospital. Together， they wave to the kids receiving treatment and their families.
On the top floor of the hospital is a Press Box， which has an almost perfect view of the field below. Patients and families come together there for Iowa football home games. Kids often tape posters or signs to support the team in their rooms， which fans can see from their seats. If it’s a night game， Hawkeye fans will turn on their cellphone lights to wave to the kids watching the game so that this tradition is never missed.
Hawkeye fans derived the idea of the Hawkeye Wave from social media. When the fans reached out for ideas for what they could do during the game， one person posted a suggestion on a social media platform that they could think of a way to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in the hospital and brighten up their day.
Although this sports tradition is relatively new， it is developing into something better. This year， each home game will feature a "Kid Captain" in the hospital. They’ll get to choose the song that accompanies the Hawkeye Wave. The Kid Captain program began in 2009 to honor patients at UI Stead Family Children’s Hospital and celebrate their inspirational stories. A Kid Captain is picked for each Iowa football game， and each child selected receives a commemorative jersey（纪念球衣） as well as special recognition from the hospital and the football team， and enjoys other behind-the-scenes activities.
Mind-body connections that involve positive thinking have shown wellness benefits for people of all ages. They can help improve an individual’s outlook， no matter how seriously he might be ill. That process starts by simply smiling more. The Hawkeye Wave certainly does that when the kids get to experience it.
本文是说明文。大学里的体育运动有许多传统。文章介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave及其背后的故事。
【熟词生义】　1.quarter常用义：n.四分之一；一刻钟　文中义：n.（某些分四节进行的体育比赛的）节
2.brighten常用义：v.（使）明亮　 文中义：v.（使）快活起来，（使）更有趣
3.celebrate常用义：v.庆祝，庆贺　 文中义：v.歌颂，赞美
【长难句解读】　When the fans reached out for ideas for (what they could
　　　　　　　　When引导的时间状语从句，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句
do during the game), one person posted a suggestion on a social media platform that they
could think of a way to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in
that引导的同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的内容
the hospital and brighten up their day.
译文：当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台上发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。
1. What does the Press Box serve as？
A. A watching platform.
B. A room for get-togethers.
C. A small-sized stadium.
D. A place for entertainment.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段中的"On the top floor of the hospital is a Press Box...Patients and families come together there for Iowa football home games"可知，孩子们和其家人来到顶楼的Press Box是为了观看比赛。由此可知，Press Box充当的是观看平台。
2. What does the underlined word "derived" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Tested. B. Obtained.
C. Promoted. D. Discussed.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由第三段中的"When the fans reached out for ideas for what they could do during the game ... brighten up their day"可知，当球迷们询问他们在比赛期间能做些什么时，一个人在社交媒体平台发帖，建议他们可以想办法给医院里的孩子们带来希望、安慰或鼓励，让他们开心。由此可知，球迷们从社交媒体上得到了Hawkeye Wave这个想法。derive的含义应是"得到，获得"，故选B。
3. What can we learn about the Kid Captain program？
A. It enriches the Hawkeye Wave.
B. It features kids’ choice of songs.
C. It excites kids’ interest in football.
D. It offers gifts to kids in hospital.
解析　A　推理判断题。由倒数第二段第一句"Although this sports tradition is relatively new， it is developing into something better"可知，虽然这一体育传统相对较新，但它在向更好的方向发展。接着，文中提到"今年，每一场主场比赛都有一名来自医院的‘儿童队长’，他们可以选择Hawkeye Wave的伴奏歌曲"。由此可知，作者通过列举"儿童队长"项目的相关内容来具体说明Hawkeye Wave这一传统是如何向更好的方向发展的。因此，"儿童队长"项目丰富了Hawkeye Wave这一体育传统。综上可知，本题选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. Kid Captain： a particular honor to sick kids
B. College sports： a fuel to mind-body connections
C. Kinnick Stadium： a stage for unusual interaction
D. Hawkeye Wave： a sports tradition to cheer sick kids
解析　D　标题归纳题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"College sports have many traditions. The tradition in the University of Iowa（UI） is the Hawkeye Wave"、第三段中的"to give hope， comfort or encouragement to the kids in the hospital and brighten up their day"和最后一段中的"They can help improve an individual’s outlook... The Hawkeye Wave certainly does that when the kids get to experience it"可知，本文主要介绍了爱荷华大学美式橄榄球运动的传统Hawkeye Wave、其背后的故事以及这一传统对生病的孩子的影响，故D项做文章标题最佳。
C
[艺术文化/2024河南焦作期中]In 1879， an 8-year-old girl made a discovery that would rock our understanding of human history. On the walls of Altamira cave in northern Spain， she spotted amazing drawings of bison， painted in vivid red and black. More striking even than the images was their age： They were made thousands of years ago by modern humans’ supposedly primitive ancestors. Today， nearly 400 caves across Europe have been found decorated with hand stencils（用模板印的文字或图案）， mysterious symbols and beautiful images of animals created by these skillful artists.
The discoveries led to the view that artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago， as part of a "cultural explosion" reflecting a flowering of the human mind. But more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water. For a start， modern humans might not have been the first artists in Europe. What’s more， a collection of cave paintings emerging in Indonesia has dismissed the idea that Europe was the centre of creativity.
Local people have long known that the caves of the island of Sulawesi， Indonesia， contain many painted images. Modern humans are thought to have reached the region some 65，000 years ago， but nobody imagined the art could be very old because ancient paintings seem unlikely to survive in the environment of high temperatures. A team of researchers led by Maxime Aubert， now at Griffith University in Australia，upended this idea using a technique that is shifting our understanding of cave art. Using this technique in seven caves， they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old， making it the oldest known hand stencil at that time.
This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia. These included a hunting scene created at least 43，900 years ago， and by far the oldest descriptive artwork. "When we found that image， we were absolutely delighted， but when it turned out to be that old， we were almost jumping with joy，" says Adam Brumm， also at Griffith University.
印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛洞穴壁画的发现挑战了欧洲是艺术创作中心的观点，揭示了人类艺术才能的历史更为悠久。
【词语积累】　supposedly adv.据信，据传，据说　dismiss v.去除，消除，摒除（思想、感情等）；驳回，不受理　blow...out of the water 彻底摧毁……，毁灭……
1. What did the girl find in the cave？
A. Wild animals.
B. Ancient images.
C. Painting techniques.
D. Recording artists.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"she spotted amazing drawings of bison...the images was their age： They were made thousands of years ago"可知，B项正确。
2. What was a misunderstanding removed by the more recent evidence？
A. Artistic talent can be traced back to Europe.
B. Artistic talent reflected the flowering of human minds.
C. Modern humans led to artistic talent’s rise in Indonesia.
D. Modern humans might not have been real artists.
解析　A　推理判断题。由题干中的"removed by the more recent evidence"可以将线索信息定位到第二段中的"more recent evidence has blown this idea out of the water"。由语境可知，被证据推翻的"idea"指的是上文中提到的"artistic talent arose after modern humans arrived in the region some 40，000 years ago"，故A项正确。
3. What does the underlined word "upended" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Proved. B. Strengthened.
C. Overturned. D. Overemphasized.
解析　C　词义猜测题。分析语境可知，画线词后面的宾语this idea指的是上文中的"古画好像不可能在高温环境中被保存下来，所以这项艺术不会很古老"。由下文中的"they found a hand stencil was at least 39，900 years old"可知，研究人员利用技术手段推翻了之前人们认为洞穴里的艺术不可能很古老的说法，故C项与画线词在意义上最为接近。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The amazing discoveries.
B. The researchers’ expectations.
C. The benefits of the technique.
D. The description of the cave art.
解析　A　段落大意题。由最后一段中的"This opened a floodgate to new discoveries in Indonesia"和Adam Brumm的话"When we found that image...we were almost jumping with joy"可以看出，本段主要讲了研究人员在印度尼西亚的惊人发现，故A项正确。
二、七选五
[2023山东联考]It seems a bit strange to imagine the ancient Greeks celebrating their birthdays with layered cakes topped with lighted candles. 　1　
The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today and weren’t even called birthday cakes. 　2　 At that time only they could afford to celebrate with something sweet. That is how cakes became associated with special occasions.
The ancient Egyptians are credited with "inventing" the birthday celebration. And the ancient Greeks borrowed the tradition but rightfully realized that a dessert would make the celebration more meaningful. So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon. 　3　
It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes. 　4　 And it’s believed that the original birthday cake came from them. Rather than just celebrating birthdays， though， ancient Rome was known for celebrating all things with a cake including weddings， but there was an exception — the birthdays celebrated were only for men who were citizens， and they had to be famous.
Modern birthday parties are said to get their roots from the 18th-century German celebration. On the morning of a child’s birthday， he or she would receive a cake with lighted candles that added up to the child’s age plus one. 　5　 The birthday child would make a wish， try to blow out all the candles in one breath， and dig in.
A. The ancient Romans also had their traditions.
B. Rather， they were symbolic of the noble class.
C. The ancient Greeks made the first birthday cakes.
D. On birthday， children would eat cakes made by their mums.
E. They also decorated the cakes to make them shine like the moon.
F. This extra candle was called the light of hope for another new year.
G. However， they’re the ones who first came up with the idea to do so.
文章分别介绍了生日蛋糕、生日庆祝传统及现代生日聚会的起源。
1.G　"It seems a bit strange to imagine the ancient Greeks...layered cakes topped with lighted candles"与G项之间为转折关系。
2.B　"The first birthday cakes were nothing of what they are today..."与B项之间为递进关系。
3.E　由空前的"So they baked moon-shaped cakes to offer up to the moon"可知，本空填E项。
4.A　"It wasn’t just the ancient Greeks who celebrated with sweet cakes"与A项衔接自然。
5.F　空前的"On the morning of a child’s birthday...added up to the child’s age plus one"与F项吻合。UNIT 5　MUSIC
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　opportunity　 n.机会；时机
2.　ordinary　 adj.普通的；平凡的
3.　award　 vt.授予 n.奖品
4.　stage　 n.（发展或进展的）时期；阶段；（多指剧场中的）舞台
5.　altogether　 adv.（用以强调）全部；总共
6.　thus　 adv.如此；因此
7.　nowadays　 adv.现在；目前
8.　cure　 vt.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题） n.药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施
9.　previous　 adj.先前的；以往的
10.　impact　 n.巨大影响；强大作用；冲击力
11.　aim　 n.目的；目标 vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准 vt.目的是；旨在
12.　talent　 n.天才；天资；天赋
13.　disease　 n.（疾）病
14.　ache　 vi.& n.疼痛
15.　moreover　 adv.而且；此外
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　energy　 n.能源；能量；精力 →　energetic　 adj.精力充沛的
2.　compose　 vt.& vi.创作；作曲 →　composition　 n.成分；（音乐、艺术、诗歌的）作品 →　composer　 n.作曲者；作曲家
3.　perform　 vi.& vt.表演；履行；执行 →　performance　 n.表演；演技；表现 →　performer　 n.表演者；演员
4.　able　 adj.有能力的；能干的 →　enable　 vt.使能够；使可能 →　disable　 vt.使丧失能力；使残疾 →　disabled　 adj.无能力的；残疾的 →　disability　 n.残疾 →　ability　 n.能力；才能
5.　prove　 vt.证明；展现 →　proof　 n.证据
6.　origin　 n.起源；出身 →　originate　 vi.起源；发源 →　original　 adj.原来的；独创的；原作的 n.原件；原作 →　originally　 adv.最初；原来
7.　relief　 n.（焦虑、痛苦的）减轻或消除；（不快过后的）宽慰、轻松或解脱 →　relieve　 vt.减轻；缓解 →　relieved　 adj.放心的；宽慰的
8.　employ　 vt.雇用；利用 →　employment　 n.就业；使用；雇用 →　employer　 n.雇主 →　employee　 n.雇员 → unemployed　 adj.失业的；待业的 →　unemployment　 n.失业
9.　equip　 vt.装备；配备 →　equipment　 n.设备；装备
10.　assume　 vt.以为；假设 →　assumption　 n.假设；推断 →　assuming　 conj.假设；假定
11.　satisfy　 vt.使满意 →　satisfaction　 n.满足；满意；欣慰 →　satisfied　 adj.满意的 →　satisfying　 adj.使某人满意的 →　satisfactory　 adj.令人满意的；够好的；可以的
12.　vary　 vi.变化；有不同 vt.改变，使多样化 →　various　 adj.各种不同的；各种各样的 →　variety　 n.多样性
13.　repeat　 vt.重复；复述；重做 →　repetition　 n.重复；重做
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.classical　adj. 　古典的；经典的　
2.soul　n. 　灵魂；心灵　
3.conductor　n. 　（乐队、合唱团等的）指挥；（公共汽车的）售票员　
4.phenomenon　n. 　现象　
5.band　n. 　乐队；带子　
6.gradual　adj. 　逐渐的；渐进的　
7.capable　adj. 　有能力的；有才能的　
8.romantic　adj. 　浪漫的　　n. 　浪漫的人　
9.album　n. 　相册；集邮簿；音乐专辑　
10.addition　n. 　添加；加法；增加物　
11.treatment　n. 　治疗；对待；处理　
12.lean　vi. 　倚靠；倾斜　
13.outline　n.& vt. 　概述；概要　
14.reaction　n. 　反应；回应　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　fall in love with　 爱上
2.　absorbed in sth./sb.　 被……吸引住；专心致志
3.　set sth. up　 安装好（设备或机器）
4.　try out　 参加……选拔（或试演）
5.　in addition（to sb./sth.）　 除……以外 （还）
6.　from （then） on　 从（那）时起
7.　get through　 （设法）处理；完成
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.Imagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone　. （while引导时间状语从句）
想象一下，当你独自在家的时候，你有机会和几百人一起唱歌。
2.　As one virtual choir member said　， "Music helps me to...forget my problems. With music， I become someone else." （as引导非限制性定语从句）
正如一位虚拟合唱团成员所说："音乐帮助我……忘记我的烦恼。音乐，让我脱胎换骨。"
3.　Moved by this music　， he said，"It was like seeing color for the first time." （过去分词短语作状语）
他被这段音乐打动了，他说："那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同是第一次看见色彩一样。"
4.Two years ago， I was told I had a serious disease 　which was difficult to cure　.（主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式）
两年前，我被告知得了一种很难治愈的严重疾病。
5.　Music is the medicine of the mind　. （暗喻）
音乐是心灵的良药。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.In their class there are 　altogether　（总共） 54 students， about 70％ of whom passed this test.
2.Gradually AI finds its way into the 　ordinary　（普通的） homes， bringing fun as well as convenience to the people.
3.Despite the 　previous　（先前的） rounds of talks， no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.
4.There has been positive reaction to the proposal to help the disabled， the 　impact　（巨大影响） of which will be lasting especially for the young.
5.The winning composer will get an 　opportunity　（机会） to perform at the next NATS National Conference.
6.The charming scenery of the lake attracts thousands of tourists every year. 　Moreover　（此外）， it’s a place where many romantic stories happened in old Chinese folk tales.
7.Many bad habits can be especially difficult to 　cure　 because they are likely to have been formed at a very young age.
8.He was 　awarded　 the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.
9.Jill has a great 　talent　 for music and she is sure to be a distinguished musician.
10.The radio program was founded in 2016. It is 　aimed　 at providing a good platform for the students to share their school life.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.All the athletes 　performed　 well in the Olympic Games and their 　performance（s）　 deserved our respect， no matter whether they won a gold medal or not. （perform）
2.As is known to all， education is a 　gradual　 process， and people are 　gradually　 aware of its importance. （gradual）
3.To keep 　energetic　， he sets aside two hours a day to take exercise.That’s why he is always full of 　energy　.（energy）
4.Our school offers such good 　equipment　 and you will be well 　equipped　 with knowledge and skills for your future job. （equip）
5.We don’t want any special 　treatment　. Just 　treat　 us like other visitors. （treat）
6.To the 　satisfaction　 of the manager， the customer was 　satisfied　 with the service provided， and commented it was a 　satisfactory/satisfying　 experience. （satisfy）
7.Finally， Cathy found 　employment　 in a small bakery. The owner， Mrs.White， was a very good 　employer　， who seldom， if ever， got angry with her 　employees　. （employ）
8.My friend Howard is a 　talented　 pianist. The first time I met him was on a 　talent　 show. （talent）
9.Penny used to have a lot of trouble with her life due to her 　disability　. However， this new equipment 　enables　 her to walk freely now. With it， she is even 　able　 to dance for a little. （able）
10.　Originally　， I had intended to go to the bookstore and buy The Three-Body Problem. The author is of Chinese origin　. But the rain forced me to change my plan. （origin）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
fall in love with　absorbed in sth./sb.　set up　try out
in addition（to sb./sth.）　from then on　get through
1.　Absorbed in　 painting， John didn’t notice evening approaching.
2.A smile can help us 　get through　 a difficult situation and find friends in a world full of strangers.
3.After just a few months in China， Leon， an exchange student from Germany， says that he has 　fallen in love with　 Chinese culture.
4.At the age of 21， he had to live on a wheelchair. It was impossible for him to speak， read and write 　from then 　on　.
5.It was he who first 　set up　 private schools and received students from every walk of life.
6.This album inspired me to travel around and 　try out　 various exotic-flavoured（异国风味的） dishes！
7.Bicycling is good for health； 　in addition　， it doesn’t pollute the environment.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.当我准备晚餐时，我姐姐扫了地。（while引导时间状语从句）
My sister cleaned up the floor while I was preparing dinner　.
2.老话说得好，人不可貌相。（as引导非限制性定语从句）
You can’t judge a book by its cover， 　as the old saying goes　.
3.沐浴在阳光下，我们有说有笑地摘着苹果。（过去分词短语作状语）
　Bathed in the sunshine　， we talked and laughed while picking apples.
4.农场周围的风景美极了，那里的空气呼吸起来非常好。（主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式）
The surrounding scenery of the farm was very wonderful， and 　the air there was so good to breathe　.
5.众所周知，眼睛是心灵的窗口。（暗喻）
As is known to all， 　the eyes are the window of the mind　.
It has been proved that certain classical music compositions have a positive impact on treatment for some diseases. Music is also a powerful medicine for the soul. There is clear evidence that music serves as a relief and cure for mood disorders. Music can help us get through difficult emotions. When we are absorbed in music， our worries seem to fade away. In addition， music enables us to turn an ordinary event into something more enjoyable. Moreover， learning to play musical instruments， performing in a band or singing in a choir on stage， can enhance learning performance， improve social skills and develop teamwork and persistence.
Music is also a source of entertainment. Nowadays， various music competitions provide capable performers with an opportunity to compare with others. Although the efforts and energies of the participants who aim to win awards may end in vain somehow， they do display their talent and may succeed one day.
Altogether music has a unique power in remarkable and complex ways， and thus it’s reasonable to assume that we human beings are a musical species.
1　prove vt.证明；展现　linking v.证明是，结果是（turn out）
1.[人教必修①－4]Tangshan city has proved 　to　 China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster， people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
此句中含有prove sth. to sb.这一结构，只是sth.为一个较长的从句，因此后置，变成prove to sb. that...。
2.[外研必修③－3]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no 　proof　 that it hit him on the head.
3.令我们兴奋的是，这次活动非常成功。（活动介绍）
　To our excitement， this activity proved （to be） a great success.　（prove linking v.）
此处prove是系动词，表示"证明是"，通常用于prove （to be） ＋n./adj.搭配中，可以与turn out互换。注意：prove作系动词时，无被动语态，用主动形式表示被动意义。
4.事实证明，保持好心情有助于预防疾病。
　It has been proved that keeping a good mood helps to protect you against illness.　（it作形式主语）
★prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明某事 prove sb./oneself （to be ）＋n./adj.证明某人是…… It’s proved that...据证明……，据证实…… ★prove （to be） ＋n./adj.证明是…… ★proof n. [C， U]证据（pl. proofs）
2　award vt.授予；判给；奖励　n.奖，奖品；助学金
1.Tu Youyou 　was awarded　（award） the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 　for　 her discovery of artemisinin， a crucial new treatment for malaria.
2.The Nobel Prize is awarded 　to　those who make great contributions in their own fields every year.
3.得知你获得最佳学生奖，我写信向你表示祝贺。（祝贺信）
　Learning that you have won/got the award for the best student　， I’m writing to congratulate you.（分词短语作状语）
award vt.授予；判给；奖励。award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.
n.奖品；奖；奖状（与prize近义）。指评委经过认真考虑颁发的"奖状/奖品/奖金"。
reward vt.报答；酬谢。reward sb. for sth. 因某事报答某人。reward sb. with sth.用某物酬谢某人。
n.酬金；回报（奖金或非金钱的奖励）。强调做某事而获得赏金或非金钱等"回报"。
prize n.奖赏，奖品。win/take/get/receive first prize in...获得……一等奖。
★win/get/receive an award （for sth.）（因某事）赢得/获得/得到奖项 ★award sb. sth. （for...）＝award sth. to sb. （for...） （因……）授予/奖励某人某物； 把某物判给某人
3　cure vt.治愈；治好（疾病）；解决（问题）　n.药物；治疗；（解决问题、改善糟糕情况的）措施
1.[外研必修③－3]Currently， there’s no cure 　for　 Alzheimer’s， but scientists are researching ways to improve the quality of life for people living with the disease.
2.我非常感谢我的叔叔，他帮我改掉了许多不健康的生活习惯。
I am very grateful to my uncle，　who helped cure me of many unhealthy living habits　. （定语从句）
"v.＋sb.＋of＋sth." 形式的固定搭配还有：accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事；convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事；inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物；suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事。
★a cure for... ……的治愈方法；解决……的措施 ★cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病；改正某人的某种不良行为
4　aim n.目的；目标　vi.& vt.力求达到；力争做到；瞄准　vt.目的是；旨在
1.[人教必修②－2]The organisation aims 　to rescue　（rescue） and raise orphan elephants， and then return them to the wild.
2.I will start doing my homework at 8 pm， and aim at 　finishing　（finish） it in two hours.
3.The school is going to hold a cross-country running. It is aimed 　at　 enriching our extra-curricular activities. （比赛通知）
→①The school is going to hold a cross-country running， 　which is aimed at enriching our extra-curricular activities　. （定语从句）
→②The school is going to hold a cross-country running 　aimed at enriching our extra-curricular activities　. （分词短语作定语）
→③The school is going to hold a cross-country running， 　with the aim of enriching our extra-curricular activities　. （aim n.）
★be aimed at （doing） sth.目的是做某事 aim to do... 力争做…… aim at 目的是；瞄准 ★with the aim of... 以……为目标
5　assume vt.以为；假设
1.We are working on the 　assumption　（assume） that everyone invited will turn up.
2.If everything goes well， the bridge will be completed and open to traffic next year.
→　Assuming （that） everything goes well　， the bridge will be completed and open to traffic next year. （句式升级）
3.人们普遍认为，如果我们继续破坏生态系统，更多物种将会灭绝。 （倡议）
　It is generally assumed that more species will become extinct　 if we continue to destroy the ecosystem. （it作形式主语）
★It is assumed that...人们认为…… ★assuming （that）... 假设…… ★assumption n.假定；假设 on the assumption that... 假设……
6　absorbed in sth./sb. 被……吸引住；专心致志
1.Plants absorb carbon dioxide 　from　 the air and moisture from the soil.
2.Absorbed 　in　 the book， he didn’t notice his brother’s phone ringing.
be absorbed in去掉be动词后的过去分词短语通常在句中作状语，具有类似含义及用法的短语还有be lost in， be buried in等。
3.The student was absorbed 　in　 reading a book and didn’t notice his teacher behind him.
→The student， 　absorbed in reading a book　， didn’t notice his teacher behind him. （过去分词短语作定语）
★absorb vt.吸收；吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；理解，掌握 absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb... from... 从……中吸收……
7　get through （设法）处理；完成；打通（电话）；通过；用完；耗尽；熬过（困难时期）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[人教选必①－4]A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 　熬过　
②I rang you up several times this morning but somehow could not get through. 　打通（电话）　
③In spite of the difficulties， he managed to get through the work on time. 　完成　
④Assuming that I get through Gaokao， my father will reward me with a latest laptop. 　通过　
2.Having lived in China for months， I have got used to 　having　（have） an afternoon nap（午睡）.
3.As an outgoing boy， I can 　get along/on well with the rest of the team　（与队里其他成员相处得很好）. （申请信）
★get across 被理解；把……讲清楚 get over 克服 get on/along with进展；与……相处 get down to （doing） sth. 开始（做）某事 get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
4.I tried to answer questions more often in class， attempting to 　get　over my shyness　（克服我的羞怯）.
词根-form-
本单元：per-（完全的）＋-form-（形式）→呈现出完整的形式→perform vi.& vt.表演 vt.履行；执行
拓展：
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[外研必修②－2]Traditionally， people send written invitations for 　formal　 events such as weddings. Similarly，these invitations are answered in writing.
2.[外研选必②－3]More than 40 years ago， China began to implement the 　reform　 and opening-up policy， starting out on a journey that would pave the way for China to become a fully-modernised socialist country.
3.[2020浙江]New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥） have now totally 　transformed　 a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
4.Nowadays， the Internet enables us to make more 　informed　 choices about what major we should choose in university.
5.Each of the contestants put on a wonderful 　performance　 — they all really wanted to win！
informed在此作形容词，意为"明智的"。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国甲]You should learn to say to yourself， "This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable." You’ll then 　　gradually　（gradual） become more patient.
2.[2022北京]Often due to 　various　（vary）pressures， we tend to ignore our health.
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]I’m not a trained musician， but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her 　performance　 （perform）.
4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]We will also discuss the origins of felt（毛毡）， what 　enables　 （able） wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work.
句意：我们还将讨论毛毡的起源， 是什么使羊毛纤维成为毛毡，以及我们使用的工艺是如何产生作用的。根据句意及句子结构可知，该句中的"the origins of felt（毛毡）"，"what 　　　　（able） wool fibres to become felt"和"how the processes we use work"为discuss的三个宾语，其中后两个为宾语从句，且空处所在的宾语从句中缺少谓语，故空处应填动词形式；再根据其主语what可知，空处应用第三人称单数形式。
5.[2021天津]But what if we’re actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable 　of　 thinking and feeling？
6.[2021天津]The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact 　on　 physical and psychological health.
7.[全国Ⅰ]All the football players on the playground cheered loudly， saying that I had a talent 　for　 football.
8.[北京高考]All our projects aim 　to promote　（promote）the development of poor and remote communities.
9.[江苏高考]Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the 　assumption　（assume） you’ve made.
10.[天津高考]The gold medal will be awarded 　to　 whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 表演，演出 B. 表现
C. 有……功能，起……作用 D. 做，执行
①[2023全国乙]Born to a Jewish family in Florence， she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. 　　D　
②[2020全国Ⅰ]The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT） have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. 　C　
句意：麻省理工学院的工程师们在此基础上更进一步——改变植物的实际成分，以使它们发挥不同的、甚至是不同寻常的功能。
③[2020全国Ⅱ]"The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not， on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate（旋转） and translate shapes，" Levine said in a statement. 　B　
句意："在评估孩子旋转和转换形状能力的任务中，玩拼图游戏的孩子比不玩的孩子表现得更好，"莱文在一份声明中说。
④[2020江苏]This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing， and then goes for whatever. 　A　
2.
A. adj.原创的，首创的 B. adj.原本的
C. n.原件
①[2021新高考Ⅰ]Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional（情感的） intelligence. 　B　
②[2020全国Ⅱ]The family called the Italian Culture Ministry； the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million. 　C　
③[陕西高考]Do you have an inspiring or life-changing story to tell？ Your story must be true， unpublished， original and 800-1，000 words. 　A　
3.
A. v.吸收　B. adj.专心的　C. v.理解
①[2020新高考Ⅰ]In fact， most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. 　C　
②[全国Ⅰ]It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. 　A　
③[全国Ⅱ]These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach. 　　B　
4.
A. 处理 B. 对待 C. 治疗
①[2020新高考Ⅱ]Your medical history is a list of your illnesses， treatments， what the doctors told you to do， and anything else you think your doctor should know. 　C　
②[2020全国Ⅲ]In some cases， it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried... 　B　
③[江苏高考]The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended from governments to producers. 　A　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——音乐节邀请
[全国Ⅲ]假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：
1.时间；
2.活动安排；
3.欢迎他表演节目。
◎写作要点
1.学生们将有各种各样的音乐表演。（various， performance）
　There will be various musical performances by students.　
2.此外，我们还邀请了一些著名歌手和乐队。（in addition， band）
　In addition， we have invited some famous singers and bands.　
3.这个节日旨在减轻学生的压力，并提供一个展示音乐才能的机会。（aim， opportunity， talent）
　The festival aims to relieve students of stress as well as provide them with an opportunity to show their musical talent.　
4.你愿意加入我们登台表演吗？（perform， stage）
　Would you like to join us and perform on stage？　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
　Dear Allen，　
　How is everything going？ I am writing to invite you to the music festival to be held shortly.　
　The festival will start on August 15th， from 9：00 am to 4：00 pm. There will be various musical performances by students such as singing songs， dancing， opera and drama. Students who perform well enough will receive an award. In addition， we have invited some famous singers and bands.　
　The festival aims to relieve students of stress as well as provide them with an opportunity to show their musical talent. Would you like to join us and perform on stage？　
　Let me know if you want more information.　
　Yours，　
　Li Hua　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之紧张与忐忑
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 tension； nervous， anxious， uneasy； nervously， anxiously 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她试图掩饰自己的紧张，但颤抖的声音出卖了她。 She tried to 　hide her nervousness　， but the trembling voice gave her away. 2.他们如坐针毡般地等待足球比分。 They 　waited on pins and needles　 for the football scores. 3.这是我第一次登台表演。这么多人盯着我看，我感到很紧张。 This was my first time on stage. I 　felt very nervous　 with so many people staring at me. 4.丈夫在手术室外走来走去，焦急地等待结果。 The husband 　paced up and down/paced back and forth　 outside the operating room， waiting for the result anxiously. 5.乔治忐忑不安地走进工厂办公室求职。 　With butterflies in his stomach　， George walked into the factory office to ask for a job. （with复合结构） 6.吉娜的心在高度紧张下怦怦直跳，"我接下来要怎么做？" Gina’s heart was pounding 　under high tension　， "What should I do next？"
词 组 1.stress out紧张不安 2.overcome one’s nervousness 克服某人的紧张情绪 3.hide one’s nervousness 掩饰某人的紧张 4.pace up and down/pace back and forth踱来踱去 5.hold one’s hand tightly 紧紧握住某人的手 6.on pins and needles 如坐针毡 7.have butterflies in one’s stomach心慌，紧张 8.one’s heart is in one’s mouth提心吊胆
佳 句 1.He was so nervous that he felt his throat tightened. 他非常紧张，以至于感到喉咙发紧。 2.As we walked toward the elevator， I felt anxious and my palms began to sweat. 当我们走向电梯的时候，我感到紧张，手心开始出汗。 3.His heart beat so fast that he could hardly breathe. 他的心怦怦直跳，他几乎不能呼吸。 4.I knew all my lines when practising， but my mind went blank when I went before an audience. 排练时我记得所有的台词，但当我面对观众时，我的大脑一片空白。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Pain and sadness are things most of us have experienced， or probably will. After all， they are part of human life and we need them at least one time to become fully adult. But there is no question that the experience can be disastrous.
But research shows there are pathways through the heartache. Listening to sad music is a major one. It can help you begin to feel joy and hopefulness again. That may sound conflicting. A recent study from Germany found listening to sad music could bring a feeling of empathy（同感） and a desire to connect with others. That， itself， is a psychological recovery. It draws you away from concentrating on your life， and possibly towards helping others in need of comfort.
Another study， from the University of Kent， found that when people were experiencing sadness， listening to music that was "beautiful but sad" could improve their moods. In fact， it did so when people first consciously embraced（欣然接受） their awareness of the situation causing their sadness， and then began listening to sad music. That is， when they believed that sad music might help， they found that it did.
These findings are linked with other studies that show embracing your sad situation — accepting reality as it is — quickens your recovery and growth. In short， acknowledging your negative experience brings you hope — another seeming paradox. For example， research from Cornell University， which was published in Psychological Science， found that embracing discomfort about a life experience or new situation and viewing it as a step towards growth and change provided motivation to find a pathway through it.
As Winston Churchill said， "If you’re going through hell， keep going." That discomfort points you towards creating a plan and taking new action. It fuels hope.
本文是说明文。研究发现，听悲伤的音乐可以帮助人们重新感受喜悦和希望，激活同理心和与他人联系的欲望。
【词语积累】　disastrous adj.极糟糕的，灾难性的，完全失败的　pathway n.途径，行动路线　conflicting adj.冲突的，矛盾的　face up to sth.敢于面对，勇于正视（困难或不快之事）
【熟词生义】　fuel 常用义：n.燃料　文中义：v.助长，刺激，增加，加强
【长难句解读】　Another study， from the University of Kent, found
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　介词短语作定语
that (when people were experiencing sadness),listing to music (that was “beautiful but
that引导的宾语从句，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的定语从句
sad”) could improve their moods.
译文：另一个来自肯特大学的研究发现，伤心时听优美但悲伤的音乐能改善心情。
1. What message is conveyed in paragraph 1？
A. Life is not all roses.
B. Misfortunes never come alone.
C. Every coin has two sides.
D. Enough is better than too much.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段中的"they are part of human life and we need them ...the experience can be disastrous"可知，痛苦和悲伤是人类生活的一部分，我们至少需要经历一次这些来成长，但是毫无疑问，这些经历可能会是毁灭性的。由此可知，痛苦和悲伤既有好的一面，也有不好的一面，故C项切题。
2. What did research find about listening to sad music？
A. It can relieve a broken heart.
B. It is likely to help people feel confident.
C. It reminds people of the sufferings.
D. It keeps people in the state of concentration.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段中的"But research shows ... feel joy and hopefulness again"可知，研究发现度过心痛期的方法有很多，听悲伤的音乐就是其中一个重要的方法，故选A项。
3. Which of the following best explains "paradox" in paragraph 4？
A. Barrier. B. Contradiction.
C. Prediction. D. Tendency.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线词前的"embracing your sad situation...acknowledging your negative experience brings you hope"可知，欣然接受现实可以加快你的恢复和成长。简而言之，承认你的负面经历会给你带来希望。再结合画线词前的"another"及第二段中的"That may sound conflicting"可知，画线词的含义与conflicting的同属一个范畴。由此可推断，paradox应表达"自相矛盾（的情况）"的意思，故选B。
4. Why does the author mention Churchill’s word？
A. To show the power of famous sayings.
B. To persuade people to wake up to reality.
C. To explain the necessity of motivation.
D. To encourage people to face up to difficulties.
解析　D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"embracing discomfort about a life experience ... find a pathway through it"可知，欣然接受某种生活经历或新情况带来的不适，并将其视为迈向成长和改变的一步，会为你提供走出不适的动力。最后一段表明：这种不适会让你制订一个计划并采取新的行动。它能激发希望。再结合丘吉尔的话可知，此处提到丘吉尔的话应是为了鼓励人们要接受现实，直面困境，勇往直前。综上可知，本题选D。
B
[2024天星原创]Playing a rhythm-based（基于韵律的） game using musical instruments for eight weeks helps non-musicians become better at remembering recently seen faces； that is， their short-term memory for non-musical tasks improves.
There have been several studies showing that musicians tend to have better short-term memory than non-musicians when it comes to music-related tasks. It is less clear whether the benefit carries over to non-musical tasks or to non-musicians who are learning to play an instrument， and how the change might actually be seen in the brain.
Theodore Zanto at the University of California， San Francisco thinks the benefit will continue to exist. He and his colleagues randomly arranged for a group of 47 non-musicians to play either a tablet-based musical rhythm training game， which is similar to learning to hit a drum in time with a teacher， or a word search game for eight weeks. At the start and end of the eight weeks， participants took a short-term memory test to measure their ability to remember a face they saw seconds before. Only the group who played the rhythm training game showed an improvement on their initial scores.
Brainwave data recorded before and after the training showed an increase of activity in the right superior parietal lobe（上顶叶）， a brain region associated with encoding visual information and attention. This suggests， says Zanto， that the rhythm training is improving the brain’s ability to focus attention on a task to get it ready for changing what you are doing into memory.
The ability to remember and recognise faces tends to decline as we age， so any possible way to change that is important， says Josh Davis at the University of Greenwich. However， the effect demonstrated in this study should be shown in real-world facial recognition situations as well as in lab-based tests to be completely convincing， says Davis.
本文是说明文。研究发现，演奏乐器可以提高人的短期记忆。
【词语积累】　carry over（使）延伸，（使）继续下去　initial adj.最初的　convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的
1. Why did Theodore Zanto carry out the memory test？
A. To prove previous studies.
B. To make comparisons.
C. To confirm his prediction.
D. To explain a phenomenon.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，有一些研究表明音乐人比其他人在与音乐相关的任务方面有更好的短期记忆，至于这一好处是否会延续到非音乐任务上或学习演奏乐器的非音乐人身上就不太清楚了。第三段提到Theodore Zanto认为这一好处会继续存在，他和他的同事组织47个非音乐人做游戏，并对他们进行了短期记忆测试。由此可推断，Theodore Zanto进行记忆力测试是为了证实他的预测。综上可知，本题选C。
2. What function is the right superior parietal lobe related to？
A. Training attention.
B. Recognising faces.
C. Visualizing memories.
D. Processing information.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第四段中的"the right superior parietal lobe（上顶叶）， a brain region associated with encoding visual information and attention"可知，右侧上顶叶是一个与处理视觉信息和注意力有关的大脑区域，故选D。
3. How does Davis find the study？
A. It has limitations.
B. It’s fully convincing.
C. It lacks systematicness.
D. It’s indeed pioneering.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"However， the effect demonstrated in this study should be shown in...in lab-based tests to be completely convincing"可知，他认为该研究有一定的局限性，还有待完善。综上可知，本题选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. The Great Influence of Rhythm-based Games
B. The Practical Method of Preventing Memory Loss
C. Playing Instruments： a Way to Improve Short-term Memory
D. Rhythm Training： a Necessity for People with a Poor Memory
解析　C　标题归纳题。第一段是本文的主题段，再结合研究内容和结果可知，本文主要讲述的是演奏乐器可以提高人的短期记忆，故C项做文章的标题最佳。
【技巧点拨】　文章标题具有概括性、针对性的特点，要避免以偏概全、扩大范围或偷换概念等错误。做题时首先要快速浏览全文，找到主题段或主旨句。
二、完形填空
[2024天星原创]Have you seen the home video of a Mexican boy’s emotional reaction to watching his favorite band， Coldplay， perform in Mexico？ It has 　1　 the hearts of millions.
In the video， Huillo looks extremely 　2　 at first， fighting back tears. As the words "tears stream down your face" are sung， Huillo’s father begins to cry too， hugging his son and kissing his face. It’s a 　3　 meeting， made more pleasant and moving by the fact that Huillo has autism（自闭症）.
Huillo’s parents tried various things to support their son with a 　4　. However， everything worked in the short term， without any 　5　 and expected progress， until his gift for music was discovered — he not only loves singing but plays various musical 　6　 from guitar to piano well.
Huillo’s father posted the video online， which 　7　 enjoyed widespread popularity and a few weeks later， it was 　8　 by the band， who then relayed the video and commented： "This kind of thing makes it all 　9　." Six years later， when the British band 　10　 to Mexico， Huillo was invited to 　11　 the show and perform with them. He performed his self-composed song， "Different Is Okay"， winning 　12　 and cheers from both the audience and the musicians themselves.
"Huillo has a great 　13　 for music and Coldplay is his favorite. For Huillo， music is the most important therapy（疗法）. We can actually see how it affects him — becoming more social and 　14　 much better with others，" Huillo’s father said. "For us， everything 　15　 that day at Coldplay’s concert."
本文是记叙文，讲述了一个患有自闭症的男孩通过音乐"重获新生"的故事。
【熟词生义】　1.stream常用义：n.小河，溪　文中义：v.流，流动，流出
2.sweet常用义：adj.甜的　文中义：adj.令人愉快的，惬意的，舒畅的
1. A. touched B. broken
C. opened D. comforted
解析　A　下文中的"made more pleasant and moving"和"enjoyed widespread popularity"表明视频很受欢迎且让人们感动，由此可知，本题选A。
2. A. astonished B. excited
C. awkward D. upset
解析　B　上文提到"emotional reaction"，空后提到"fighting back tears"，那么，Huillo一开始看起来很激动，故本题选B。astonished震惊的；excited激动的；awkward笨拙的，不舒适的；upset不快的，心烦意乱的。
3. A. chance B. public
C. casual D. sweet
解析　D　空后提到"made more pleasant and moving"，那么，空处所填词的含义应与pleasant和moving的含义同属一个范畴，此处表示这是一次令人愉快的会面，故选D。chance偶然的；public公开的；casual临时的，不定期的；sweet令人愉快的，惬意的。
4. A. dream B. smile
C. disability D. panic
解析　C　上文提到Huillo患有自闭症，那么，此处指Huillo的父母尝试了各种各样的方法来帮助他们"身患残疾"的儿子，故选C，disability表示"缺陷，障碍"。
5. A. reasonable B. significant
C. technical D. reliable
解析　B　上文提到Huillo的父母尝试的方法都短期有效，那么，此处指没有任何显著的、预期的进展，故本题选B，significant表示"有重大意义的，显著的"。
6. A. instruments B. tunes
C. games D. toys
解析　A　下文提到"从吉他到钢琴"，那么此处指Huillo会弹奏很多乐器，故选A，instrument表示"乐器，器械"。
7. A. accidentally B. immediately
C. eventually D. naturally
解析　B　Huillo的父亲将视频发布在网上后，它立即受到了广泛欢迎。accidentally偶然，immediately立即，eventually最终，naturally自然地。B项符合语境。
8. A. downloaded B. delivered
C. recorded D. noticed
解析　D　下文提到他们转发了视频，那么，此处表示乐队看到了这个视频。download下载；deliver发布，转交；record录制；notice看到，注意到。D项符合语境。
9. A. interesting B. necessary
C. attractive D. worthwhile
解析　D　结合常识可知，当乐队成员了解到自己的作品对Huillo产生了积极的影响时，他们应是觉得自己所做的一切都是值得的（worthwhile）。interesting有趣的，necessary必要的，attractive有吸引力的。
10. A. returned B. moved
C. flew D. circled
解析　A　此处指六年后，Coldplay再次到墨西哥演出，故选A，return表示"回来，返回"。
11. A. make for B. go through
C. participate in D. take over
解析　C　下文提到"perform with them"，由此可知，此处指乐队邀请Huillo参加演出。make for促成；go through仔细琢磨，经历；participate in参加；take over接收，接管。C项符合语境。
12. A. support B. applause
C. respect D. trust
解析　B　下文提到"and cheers"，那么，空处所填词应与cheers感彩相同，此处说的是Huillo获得了掌声和喝彩声。support支持，帮助；applause掌声；respect尊重；trust相信。B项符合语境。
13. A. ambition B. desire
C. affection D. excuse
解析　C　上文提到Huillo喜欢唱歌，也会弹奏很多乐器，由此可知，此处指Huillo很喜欢音乐。ambition追求的目标，志向；desire欲望；affection喜爱，钟爱；excuse借口。C项符合语境。
14. A. performing B. communicating
C. cooperating D. corresponding
解析　B　空前提到"becoming more social"，那么，此处指能与他人更好地交流，故选B，communicate表示"沟通，交流"。
15. A. happened B. remained
C. started D. worked
解析　C　综合全文内容可知，Huillo和父亲去观看了Coldplay的演出，他们的歌曲对患有自闭症的Huillo产生了很大的影响，然后才有了Huillo后面的一系列改变。由此可推断，此处说的是"对我们来说，所有的一切都从那天Coldplay的音乐会开始（started）"。
三、语法填空
[2023江苏南京二模]China National Traditional Orchestra（管弦乐队） launched its youth theater group in Beijing on Sunday. At the opening， centered around "bringing Chinese stories to the world"， the group’s new productions and touring plans for this year 1　　　　（announce）.
In January， the orchestra， QFun Theater and Guangzhou Opera House co-produced a children’s play Ben Cao Gang Mu. From this cooperation， the orchestra and QFun Theater decided to create a youth theater group， 2　　　　（aim） to integrate Chinese traditional music with theater and tell Chinese stories 3　　　　 the angle of children and teenagers.
The young members of the newly 4　　　　（establish） theater group performed Ben Cao Gang Mu at the event， as well as the poetry recital A Spring Morning and choir singing Looking for the Moon. "Art can help children open up their curiosity and 5　　　　（imagine）. I hope there will be a place where children’s creativity can be 6　　　　（ true） inspired and exercised. That is 7　　　　 we decided to establish this youth theater group，" said Zhao Cong， head of the orchestra.
This year， the theater group plans to launch8　　　　 international tour to bring Ben Cao Gang Mu to the world. The group’s new 9　　　　 （origin） play The Book of Odes， combining traditional Chinese music and magic tricks， will also be produced later this year. Now all the members 10　　　　（prepare） hard for their play.
文章主要介绍了在北京成立的中央民族乐团附属少年剧团的宗旨、活动、成立的原因以及巡演计划等。
1.were announced　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境，尤其是上文中的"launched" "on Sunday"，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语"the group’s new productions and touring plans"与announce之间是被动关系，应用被动语态； 且主语为复数，故填were announced。
2.aiming　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应为非谓语动词。句子主语the orchestra and QFun Theater与aim之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，所以用现在分词aiming。
3.from　考查介词。from the angle of...表示"从……的角度"，为固定词组，故填from。
4.established　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰theater group。theater group与establish之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，再结合句中的newly可知，该剧团已经成立，故填过去分词established。
5.imagination　考查名词。此处并列连词and连接的两个并列名词作宾语，故填imagine的名词形式imagination。
6.truly　考查副词。在where引导的定语从句中，所填词修饰谓语动词，应用副词，故填truly。
7.why　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导表语从句。由上文内容可推知，此处说的是"那就是我们决定建立该少年剧团的原因"，故填why。
8.an　考查冠词。tour为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应填不定冠词；international的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
9.original　考查形容词。所填词作定语修饰play，故填origin的形容词形式original。
10.are preparing　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Now可知，此处用现在进行时表示现在动作在进行，主语all the members与prepare为主谓关系，故填are preparing。必修第二册
UNIT 1　 CULTURAL HERITAGE
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　former　 adj.以前的； （两者中）前者的
2.　preserve　 vt.保存；保护；维持 n.保护区
3.　protest　 n.抗议 vi.& vt.（公开）反对；抗议
4.　department　 n.部；司；科
5.　investigate　 vi.& vt.调查；研究
6.　issue　 n.重要议题；争论的问题 vt.宣布；公布
7.　conduct　 n.行为；举止；管理方法 vt.组织；安排；带领
8.　attempt　 n.& vt.企图；试图；尝试
9.　worthwhile　 adj.值得做的；值得花时间的
10.　download　 vt.下载 n.下载；已下载的数据资料
11.　entrance　 n.入口；进入
12.　process　 n.过程；进程；步骤 vt.处理；加工
13.　forgive　 vt.& vi.（过去式　forgave　；过去分词　forgiven　）原谅；宽恕
14.　throughout　 prep.各处；遍及；自始至终
15.　quality　 n.质量；品质；素质；特征 adj.优质的；高质量的
16.　further　 adv.（far的比较级）更远；进一步
17.　opinion　 n.意见；想法；看法
18.　forever　 adv.永远；长久地
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　create　 vt.创造；创作 →　creative　 adj.创造性的；有创造力的；有创意的 →　creatively　 adv.创造性地；有创造力地 →　creation　 n.创作；作品；创造物 →　creativity　 n.创造力；创造性
2.　promote　 vt.促进；提升；推销；晋级 →　promotion　 n.促进；提升；推销；晋级
3.　apply　 vi.申请 →　applicant　 n.申请人 →　application　 n.申请（表）； 用途；运用；应用（程序）
4.　balance　 n.平衡；均匀 vt.使平衡 →　balanced　 adj.均衡的
5.　propose　 vt.提议；建议 vt.& vi.求婚 →　proposal　 n.提议；建议；求婚
6.　likely　 adj.可能的 adv.可能地 →　unlikely　 adj.不太可能的 adv.不太可能地
7.　establish　 vt.建立；创立 →　establishment　 n.建立；创立
8.　limit　 n.限度；限制 vt.限制；限定 →　limited　 adj.有限的 →　limitation　 n.局限；限制→　limitless　 adj.无限的
9.　prevent　 vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠 →　prevention　 n.预防
10.　lose　 vt.失去→　loss　 n.丧失；损失 →　lost　 adj.迷失的；失去的；丢失的
11.　contribute　 vi.& vt.捐献；捐助vi.是……的原因之一→　contribution　 n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
12.　donate　 vt.（尤指向慈善机构）捐赠；赠送；献（血） →　donor　 n.捐献者；捐赠者→　donation　 n.捐款；捐赠
13.　disappear　 vi.消失；灭绝；消亡 →　disappearance　 n.消失；消亡
14.　profession　 n.职业；行业→　professional　 adj.专业的；职业的 n.专业人员；职业选手
15.　tradition　 n.传统；传统的信仰或风俗 →　traditional　 adj.传统的 →　traditionally　 adv.传统上
16.　history　 n.历史 →　historian　 n.历史学家 →　historic　 adj.历史上著名（或重要）的；有史时期的→　historical　 adj.（有关）历史的，有关历史研究的
17.　compare　 vt.比较；对比 →　comparison　 n.比较；相比
18.　identify　 vt.确认；认出；找到 →　identification　 n.验明；鉴定；身份证明
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.heritage　n.　遗产　
2.temple　n.　庙；寺　
3.relic　n.　遗物；遗迹　
4.mount　n.　山峰　　vt.　爬上；骑上　　vi. 　爬；登上　
5.clue　n.　线索；提示　
6.dam　n.　水坝；拦河坝　
7.committee　n.　委员会　
8.fund　n.　基金；专款　
9.document　n.　文件；公文； （计算机）文档　　vt.　记录；记载（详情）　
10.republic　n.　共和国　
11.archaeologist　n.　考古学家　
12.pyramid　n.　（古埃及的）金字塔；棱锥体　
13.parade　n.　游行；检阅　　vi.　游行庆祝；游行示威　
14.digital　adj.　数码的；数字显示的　
15.image　n.　形象；印象　
16.cave　n.　山洞；洞穴　
17.quote　vt.　引用　
18.contrast　n.　对比；对照　　vt.　对比；对照　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　take part in　 参与（某事）；参加（某活动）
2.　give way to　 让步；屈服
3.　keep balance　 保持平衡
4.　lead to　 导致
5.　make a proposal　 提出建议
6.　turn to　 向……求助
7.　prevent...from...　 阻止；不准
8.　donate...to...　 向……捐赠……
9.　make sure　 确保；设法保证
10.　all over the world　 在世界各地
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　There comes a time when the old must give way to the new　， and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. （there comes a time when...）
新旧更替的时代已经到来，在走向未来的过程中，我们不可能将过去的一切都保存下来。
2.　Not only had the countries found a path to the future　that did not run over the relics of the past， but they had also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to build a better tomorrow. （not only位于句首时的部分倒装）
这些国家不仅找到了一条不以牺牲古迹为代价的未来发展之路，而且明白了多个国家合作创造美好未来的可能性。
3.　Neither people nor buildings last forever　， but Chen Lei’s photos can help us remember them. （neither...nor...）
人和建筑物都不是永恒的，但陈磊的照片可以帮助我们记住它们。
4.　It is said that　 it’s a mirror that can tell right from wrong！（It is＋过去分词＋that...）
据说那是一面能够辨别是非的镜子！
5.　As one researcher who is working on the project explains　， "Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage is very important for understanding oneself. Appreciating the cultural heritage of other countries is very important for international communication and understanding." （as引导非限制性定语从句）
正如该项目的一位研究人员所说："欣赏自己国家的文化遗产对了解本国文化非常重要。赏识其他国家的文化遗产对国际交流和理解非常重要。"
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.The related 　departments　 （部门） are concerned about the issue and have taken many measures to address it.
2.A "No Smoking" sign has been set up at the 　entrance　 （入口） of their office building.
3.It came as a shock that he abandoned his 　former　（以前的） career as an archeologist and turned to politics.
4.[外研必修③－3]Think of the four great inventions in Ancient China： gunpowder， papermaking， printing and the compass. These things changed the world 　forever　（永远）.
5.The officer was assigned to 　conduct　（组织） a thorough investigation into the incident.
6.[北师选必①－1]If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult， then I know what I’m doing is 　worthwhile　.
7.[外研必修①－6]These gardens have helped make the cities greener and improve air 　quality　.
8.After several 　attempts　， the Chinese mountaineering team finally made it to the summit of Mount Qomolangma by way of the North Slope in 1960.
9.To my great relief， my teacher smiled and 　forgave　 me for my rudeness.
10.In my 　opinion　， we must be very careful when we 　download　 files or apps from the Internet.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Since the earthquake， people lined up to 　donate　 money to the stricken area. Food and clothes 　donations　 were pouring in from all over the country. （donate）
2.The writer personally 　contributed　 ￡5，000 to the flood-stricken area and all his 　contributions　 were gratefully received. （contribute）
3.　Traditionally　， we have a party on Chinese New Year’s Eve and eat dumplings， a kind of 　traditional　 food in the Spring Festival. （tradition）
4.Barely had I set foot in the street when I realised I was 　lost　 in the unfamiliar city. What’s worse， I 　lost　 my handbag. When I was at a 　loss　 what to do， a policeman came to my help. （lose）
5.Any 　applicant　 who would like to 　apply　 for the position must send us an 　application　 before December 10.（apply）
6.Many great people have devoted their 　limited　 lives to the 　limitless　 service to the people. （limit）
7.Some committee members 　proposed　 that a new park should be established in the north district. The 　proposal　 gained support by concentrating on people’s immediate interest. （propose）
8.Mandy was 　promoted　 to Sales Manager last week. And the news of her 　promotion　 went over well with her friends. （promote）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
take part in　give way to　lead to　make a proposal
turn to　prevent... from...　make sure　all over the world
1.All the students are welcome to 　take part in　 the campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues.
2.Jiuzhaigou is a premier holiday destination， attracting tourists from 　all over the world　.
3.He was disabled from birth， but he never felt frustrated（沮丧的）， nor did he 　give way to　any difficulty.
4.When faced with stress，worry and other negative emotions， some people will 　turn to　 food for comfort. This can 　lead to　 eating more than they need， making them put on weight.
5.As a journalist， you have to 　make sure　 your story is correct， relevant and fresh.
6.Warm-up exercise is necessary if you want to 　prevent　 yourself 　from　 cross-country running injuries.
7.He 　made a proposal　 that more money should be put into sales and promotion.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.高考之后便是你必须为你的未来做决定的时候了。（there comes a time when...）
After the College Entrance Examination， 　there comes a time when you have to make a decision about your future　.
2.通过阅读中文小说，你不仅可以提高你的中文写作水平，还可以了解更多中国习俗。（not only位于句首时的部分倒装）
By reading Chinese novels，　not only can you improve your Chinese writing　， but you can also learn more about Chinese customs.
3.我和我姐姐都没有注意到我们走错了路。（neither...nor...）
　Neither my sister nor I noticed　 that we had gone the wrong way.
4.据报道，暴雨导致大坝决堤，淹没了村庄。（It is＋过去分词＋that...）
　It was reported that the heavy rain　 caused the dam to burst and flooded the village.
5.俗话说，欲速则不达。（as引导非限制性定语从句）
　As the saying goes　， haste makes waste.
As we all know， it is often a big challenge to keep balance between economic progress and the protection of heritage sites. In the 1950s， the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam to solve some issues， such as controlling floods and producing electricity. But the proposal led to protests. Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. After listening to the opinions of scientists and nearby citizens， the government turned to the United Nations for help.
A committee， which was established to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent them from disappearing， asked for contributions from different departments and raised funds within the global community. To avoid the loss of those cultural relics， they investigated the issue carefully and conducted several tests. Finally， they decided to take them apart and rebuild them in a safe place. The attempt finally succeeded. This example not only shows the importance of working together but also tells it is worthwhile to preserve cultural relics.
1　　preserve vt.保存；保护；维持　n.保护区
1.我们呼吁海洋部门采取更多措施以保护海洋免受破坏。 （倡议）
We appeal to the ocean departments to take more measures to 　preserve the ocean from damage　.
2.这些古老的建筑保存得出奇地完好，让游客得以一窥过去。（景点介绍）
　These ancient buildings are surprisingly well-preserved， allowing visitors to get a glimpse into the past.　
★preserve ... from... 保护……免受……nature preserve 自然保护区★well-preserved adj.保存良好的preservation n.维护；保护；保持；保养
2　　balance n.平衡；均匀　vt.& vi.（使）保持平衡　vt.权衡
1.Before making the final decision， you’d better balance the advantages 　against　 the disadvantages.
balance A against B表示"权衡/比较A和B"；balance A with/and B表示"同等重视A和B"。
2.The best way to control weight gain is to 　have a healthy and balanced diet　（拥有健康、均衡的饮食）and an active lifestyle with daily exercise. （建议信）
3.在学习与放松之间保持平衡非常重要。 （建议信）
　It’s important to keep a balance between study and relaxation.　
★keep one’s balance 保持平衡lose one’s balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B在A和B之间保持平衡balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B★a balanced diet 均衡饮食
3　　likely adj.可能的　adv.可能地
1.When people can’t physically examine products before purchase， they’re more likely 　to buy　（buy） clothes that don’t fit or items that don’t suit their needs.
2.If you don’t immediately take action， you are 　unlikely　（likely） to succeed.
3.睡眠质量差、运动少的人更容易健康状况不佳。 （倡议）
→①　It is more likely that　 people who have poor sleep quality and exercise little suffer from ill health. （it作形式主语， likely）
→②People who have poor sleep quality and exercise little 　are more likely to suffer from ill health　.（be likely to do）
★sb./sth. is likely to do sth. 某人/某物有可能做某事It’s likely that... 可能……★unlikely adj.不大可能的★It’s possible/probable that... 可能……
4　　limit n.限度；限制　vt.限制；限定
1.[人教选必②－3]The American Heart Association recommends that we limit ourselves 　to　 less than 100-150 calories a day from sugar...
2.[北师选必③－9]A person’s life is 　limited　 but serving the people is 　limitless/unlimited　.（limit）
3.We must set a limit 　on　 the number of tourists to preserve the old building from being further damaged.
4.参赛人员的年龄限制在15到18岁之间，但是参赛作品的长度没有限制。 （比赛通知）
The ages of the participants 　are limited to 15 to 18　， but 　there is no limit to the length of the entries　.
★limit... to... 把……限制在……范围内★set limits/a limit on... 对……进行限制beyond the limit 超过限度There is no limit to... （to为介词）对……没有限制。★limited adj.有限的；限定的be limited to sth. 限定于……★limitless/unlimited adj.无限的
5　　prevent vt.阻止；阻碍；阻挠
1.[人教选必②－5] A life preserver is something that can be worn in the water to prevent you from 　sinking　 （sink）.
2.[北师选必③－9]It [Traditional Chinese Medicine] has developed a unique combination of treatments related to helping well-being and the 　prevention　 （prevent） and treatment of diseases.
3.我虽然很害怕，但努力保持平衡以防自己摔倒。 （叙事类记叙文）
Frightened as I was， I tried to 　keep my balance to prevent myself （from） falling down　.（prevent）
★prevent sb. （from） doing ... 阻止某人做……stop sb. （from） doing ...阻止某人做……keep sb. from doing...阻止某人做……protect ... from/against... 保护……免受……伤害★prevention n.阻止；防止；预防preventable adj.可预防的；可避免的
6　　contribution n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
1.[北师必修③－8]Other human activities， such as construction and the burning of waste， also contribute 　to　 air pollution.
2.In my opinion， she is greatly respected not just because she is world-famous， but because she 　has made great contributions to mankind　（为人类做出了巨大贡献）.
3.我相信我的这些经历有助于接待外国游客。 （申请信）
I’m convinced that these experiences 　contribute to receiving foreign visitors　.（contribute to）
contribute to和make contributions/a contribution to中的to均为介词，其后应跟名词或动词-ing作宾语。
★make contributions / a contribution to... 为……做贡献★contribute to （to为介词）捐献；有助于；导致；投稿contribute... to... 把……贡献给……
7　　attempt n.& vt.企图；试图；尝试
1.Jason attempted 　to take　（take） part in the parade， but was refused because of his young age.
attempt to do sth.尝试做某事，但不一定成功；manage to do sth.设法完成某事，成功做成某事。
2.　To fail at the first attempt　（第一次尝试就失败） does not mean that you won’t succeed later.
根据空后的does可知，所填内容作主语，应用非谓语动词形式，且此处表示一次性、具体的动作，所以应该用不定式短语作主语。
3.我试图把头从南瓜里拔出来，但失败了。 （读后续写之生活趣事）
→①I 　attempted to pull my head out of the pumpkin　， but failed. （attempt v.）
→②I 　made an attempt to pull my head out of the pumpkin/made an attempt at pulling my head out of the pumpkin　， but in vain. （attempt n.）
★attempt to do... 试图做……★make an attempt to do... 试图做……make an attempt at doing... 试图做……in an attempt to do... 试图做……at the first attempt 第一次尝试
8　　lead to 导致（to为介词）
1.[外研选必④－5] Given our limited knowledge， it is perhaps no surprise that exploration of the oceans continues to lead 　to　 discoveries in various scientific fields.
given在这里是介词，表示"考虑到，鉴于"。given that引导状语从句，如：
Usually， I am sensible with money， as I have to be， given that I don’t earn that much.考虑到自己挣得不多，我花钱通常比较精打细算，这也是迫不得已。
2.[外研必修③－2]Later， Ryan’s experience led him 　to set　 （set） up a foundation to encourage more people to help.
3.　With the old man leading the way　（有那位老人带路）， we finally walked out of the forest. （with复合结构） （读后续写之遇险经历）
4.The former soldier retired in the 1990s and 　led a peaceful life　 （过着平静的生活） in his later years. （人物介绍）
★lead sb. to do... 使某人做……★lead sb. to... 引某人到……lead the way 带路；处于领先地位lead a（n）... life 过……的生活
9　　turn to 向……求助；翻到（某页码）；转向；致力于
用turn的相关短语完成句子
1.[人教选必①－5] A vast underground shelter built during World War Ⅱ has been turned 　into　 an urban farm， supplying supermarkets and restaurants in London.
2.[外研必修①－3]You know you can always turn 　to　 your dad for a chat.
3.[译林必修①－2]I keep telling him that these changes are normal， and that things will turn 　out　 just fine.
4.[人教选必②－1]He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn 　on　 the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.
5.[人教选必②－2]Most of the people who had applied for this position were turned 　down　， but he stood out because he was good at working with others.
★turn to sb. for... 为……向某人求助turn out 结果是；生产turn on 打开（灯、气、水等）turn down 关小/调低（音量/热度）；拒绝turn off 关掉（灯、气、水等） turn up 调高，开大；找到；出现turn over 把……翻过来，翻动；移交turn in 交还；上交，呈交turn into 变成
10　　not only... but also... 不但……而且……
1.This activity not only helps them gain more skills， but 　teaches　 （teach） them to care about others.
2.Not only the kid but also his parents 　were invited　 （invite） to the little girl’s birthday party yesterday.
3.I helped the girl out of trouble， and also gained a sense of achievement. （读后续写之主旨升华）
→　Not only did I help the girl out of trouble， but （also） I gained a sense of achievement.　（倒装）
★not only...but also...连接并列结构作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的词来决定其单复数（就近原则）。★not only 位于句首时，not only所在分句要用部分倒装，but also所在分句不倒装。★在该结构中，also可以省略。
11　　There comes a time when... ……的时代到来了。
1.人们不用离开沙发就能环游世界的时代到来了。
　There comes a time when people travel all over the world without leaving the sofa.　
2.曾有一段时间，他很痴迷中国功夫。
　There was a time when he was crazy about Chinese kung fu.　
★There comes a time when...是完全倒装句式；when引导定语从句，修饰time。★类似结构：There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
后缀-al
1.后缀-al可用于构成形容词，表示"与……有关的"。
2.后缀-al也用于构成名词，表示过程或状态。
形容词 名词
本单元 professional 专业的；职业的digital 数码的；数字显示的 proposal 提议；建议
拓展 national 国家的，民族的 survival 幸存
international 国际的 refusal 拒绝
natural 自然的 removal 去除
personal 个人的，私人的 revival 复活
original 原来的；首创的 withdrawal 撤退
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]The program aims to help students develop science skills， 　environmental　（environment） awareness， and healthy lifestyles.
2.[2023浙江1月]Hutongs represent an important 　cultural　（culture） element of the city of Beijing.
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the 　survival　（survive） of our natural resources.
4.[人教选必④－2]The next year， Eiffel gained 　approval　（approve） and the tower was built in time to celebrate the 1889 World Fair in Paris.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]When I finally finished it， the thought of winning had given way 　to　 the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win， I wouldn’t care.
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]David had a brain disease which prevented him 　from　 walking or running like other children， but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]We are happy to be taking part 　in　 the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and 　creative　 （create） activities.
4.[2022全国甲]Throughout her career（职业） as a 　professional　（profession） dancer， she toured in the UK， but always longed to explore 　further　（far）.
5.[2022全国乙]It’s kind of hard to find a balance 　between　 what you have to do and what you want to do.
6.[2021浙江]Many people in China have 　limited　（limit） exposure to English. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
7.[2021浙江]At home， my dad said，"A job’s a big step to growing up. I’m glad you will be contributing 　to　 the household."
8.[2020新高考Ⅰ]He turned to the forest department 　for　 help but was told that nothing would grow there.
9.[2020天津5月]A survey carried out last year showed that 80％ of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of the 　proposal　（propose） for health care reform.
10.[2020浙江1月]A key finding is that over time， children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely 　to develop　（develop） persistence， which leads 　to　 better outcomes in school.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 应用程序 B. 应用 C. 申请
①[2021北京]You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form. 　C　
②[2020新高考Ⅱ]Because the number of possible topics is practically limitless， we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 　A　
③[天津高考]However， technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem， touching lives in countless ways. 　B　
2.[2022全国甲]The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama， musicals， dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows， the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. 　adj.优质的　
根据第二句中的 "Presenting the best of the West End along with...shows"可知，the New Theatre的演出是很好的，所以quality在此表示 "优质的"。quality常用词性为名词，表示"品质，质量"，在此为形容词，修饰其后的名词。句意：100多年来，新剧院一直是优质戏剧、音乐剧、舞蹈和儿童表演的举办地。新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院，呈现伦敦西区和英国最好的巡回演出。
3.[2022全国乙]A four-year tea promotion — Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative. 　v.公布　
4.[2021浙江]He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. 　v.记载　
document常用作名词，表示"文件"，此处为动词，表示"记录，记载（详情）"。句意：当他着手把自然作为一个品牌推销给年轻人时，他记录下了他的旅程。
5.[天津高考]Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit； do not use a lift. 　v.出去　； 　n.出口　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——保护文化遗产
目前，我国的一些文化遗产正面临消失的危险。请你根据以下提示，以"How to protect our cultural heritage"为题，用英语写一篇短文给校英文报投稿。
1.文化遗产的重要性；
2.如何保护文化遗产；
……
◎写作要点
1.我们都知道，文化遗产见证了历史的发展，是宝贵的文化资源。（heritage）
　We all know that cultural heritage witnessed historical development， being valuable cultural resources.　
2.如何防止文化遗产受到损害已成为一个紧迫的问题。（prevent...from...， issue）
　How to prevent cultural heritage from damage has become an urgent issue.　
3.我认为，必须采取措施来进一步提高人们保护文物的意识。（opinion， further， preserve）
　In my opinion， measures must be taken to further improve people’s awareness of preserving cultural relics.　
4.作为学生，我们也可以做出贡献，如向保护文化遗产的组织捐款。（contribution， donate， heritage）
　As students， we can also make contributions， such as donating money to organizations that protect cultural heritage.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
How to protect our cultural heritage
　We all know that cultural heritage witnessed historical development， being valuable cultural resources.　
　However， some of our cultural heritage is in danger of disappearing. So how to prevent it from damage has become an urgent issue. In my opinion， measures must be taken to further improve people’s awareness of preserving cultural relics. Secondly， the government should shoulder the major responsibility. If necessary， more laws should be introduced to protect cultural heritage. As students， we can also make contributions， such as donating money to organizations that protect cultural heritage.　
　Every small effort makes a difference. Let’s take action before it is too late.　
写作二　读后续写——情感描写之生气与愤怒（一）
积累背诵 仿写运用
单词 anger， angry， annoyed， temper怒气， rage愤怒， fury狂怒； mad愤怒的， displeased生气的， furious狂怒的 根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.他怒视着我，却一言不发。He 　glared at me with burning eyes　 but said nothing.2.上课被打断，老师显然很恼火。The teacher 　was clearly annoyed/angry at　 having his class interrupted.3.谢尔登感到非常生气，他冲出房间，砰的一声关上了门。Sheldon felt 　so angry/furious that　 he rushed out of the room， slamming the door behind him. （so...that...）4.妈妈知道花瓶打破了，会生我们的气的。Mum 　will be angry/mad with us　 when she finds that the vase is broken.5.我对她的服务很不满意，几乎要发脾气了。I was very unsatisfied with her service， and I 　almost lost my temper　.6.我女儿做作业时我在沙发上打了三次盹，这让她非常生气。　Much to my daughter’s annoyance　，I nodded off on the couch three times in the middle of her homework. （介词短语）7.很明显，他试图抑制自己的愤怒，但他的声音出卖了他。It was obvious that he was trying to 　contain/control his anger　， but his voice betrayed him.
词组 1.to one’s annoyance 令某人生气的是2.lose one’s temper 发脾气3.be annoyed/angry at 为……而恼火4.be mad/angry with sb. 生某人的气5.be seized by （a burst of） anger 感到愤怒6.glare at sb. with burning eyes 怒视某人7.can hardly control/contain one’s anger控制不住怒火
佳句 1.Gina was furious with him for leaving the baby alone in the house. 吉娜对他大发雷霆，因为他把宝宝独自留在房间里。2.The bird seemed to get angry as it ruffled up its feathers. 这只鸟似乎很生气，羽毛都支棱起来了。3.With shame and rage， Bonnie ran out of the dressing room as fast as her legs could carry her. 邦妮又羞又恼，急忙跑出了更衣室。4.The next morning， when Ryan entered the classroom， he found Ms. Rose waiting， her face dark with fury. 第二天早上，当瑞恩走进教室时，他发现罗丝老师在等着，气得脸色铁青。
一、阅读理解
A
[中华文化/2023贵州适应性测试]Dunhuang， an oasis of culture surrounded by the vast sands of the Gobi Desert， served as a shelter for ancient weary Silk Road travelers 1，000 years ago. Carved into the cliffs high above the Dachuan River， the Mogao Grottoes in Gansu Province consist of the largest， richest and longest used treasure houses of traditional art in the world， inspiring young artists to this very day.
Inside the grottoes， murals（壁画） painted with minerals have stood the test of time， still shining brightly and brilliantly. To carry forward this painting technique， Lian Yang， an artist in her 30s， decided to make the traditional art increasingly known among younger generations. She once worked only on ink and digital painting， but soon felt creatively stuck. Then she learned about mineral color painting and made it the focus of her career.
The traditional Chinese painting technique was commonly used before the Tang Dynasty. However， the skill gradually faded from the central Chinese artistic landscape after the Song Dynasty when literati（文人学士） ink painting boomed（迅速发展）.
"I want to pour more of my own ideas into creations and find an artistic expression that cannot be easily replaced with modern technologies， although the costs of handmade art are higher and it requires more time than digital creation，" Lian Yang said.
As a modern artist， Lian Yang does not limit herself by strictly following tradition. She has cooperated with the operator of mobile game King of Glory， creating works in Dunhuang fresco style. She also frequently posts short videos covering the creative process of mineral color artworks across different Chinese social media， attracting many young people.
Lian Yang hopes mineral art can be integrated into movies， online games and even the metaverse， an integrated network of 3D virtual worlds.
莲羊为了让传统艺术越来越多地为年轻一代所知，坚持不懈地发扬岩彩这种传统绘画形式。
【词语积累】　fade v.逐渐消逝，逐渐消失　replace v.代替，（用……）替换　cooperate v.合作　integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体；（使）加入
1. What can we learn about the Mogao Grottoes？
A. They were carved under the Dachuan River.
B. They serve as a shelter for travelers.
C. They give young artists ideas for creation.
D. They’re viewed as the treasure house of modern art.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第一段中的"the Mogao Grottoes...inspiring young artists to this very day"可知，莫高窟为年轻艺术家提供创作灵感，故选C项。
2. Why did Lian Yang initially focus on mineral color painting？
A. To spread culture.
B. To make a breakthrough.
C. To attract the media.
D. To conduct research.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第二段中的"She once worked only...the focus of her career"可知，莲羊是在创作进入瓶颈的情况下转向岩彩的，那么莲羊此举是为了能有所突破，故选B项。
3. Which word can best describe Lian Yang？
A. Grateful. B. Honest.
C. Innocent. D. Determined.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第四段中的"I want to pour more of my own ideas into creations...it requires more time than digital creation"可知，她想把更多自己的想法融入到创作中，找到一种现代技术无法轻易取代的艺术表达方式，尽管手工艺术的成本更高，而且比数字创作需要更多的时间。由此可推知，莲羊是一个意志坚定的人，故选D项。
4. What is the text mainly about？
A. Promoting traditional art.
B. Traveling in Dunhuang.
C. Teaching color painting.
D. Making short videos.
解析　A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍莲羊为了让传统艺术越来越多地为年轻一代所知，坚持不懈地发扬岩彩这种传统绘画形式，故选A项。
B
[中华文化/2024安徽六校入学素质测试]What’s the first thing that pops into your mind when you think of wheat straw？ Most people would probably just see it as a pile of waste in a farmer’s field. However， Wu Cui， an intangible cultural inheritor， can turn the straw left over from harvested wheat into beautiful and eye-catching functional artworks.
The earliest straw-woven（草编的） products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins， a Neolithic cultural site located in Zhejiang Province. The Book of Rites， one of the classical works of Confucianism， also records that there were already mats made of cattail grass and professional straw-weaving craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty.
Straw weaving is a method of manufacturing daily items or artworks. It was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
Wu explains the process of straw weaving： Selection of materials is the first step of a complicated， time-consuming and labor-intensive process that can take weeks or even months to complete. You need to sketch the piece on paper， which requires drawing skills. Next comes the weaving， shaping and preserving of the work. Even by following that process， it does not mean that you will always create a good piece of work， and the hardest part is to make it lifelike.
In the past， straw-woven items could be found almost in every household in the countryside， such as straw hats and straw shoes， because they were practical in everyday life. But due to the impact of industrialization， manufactured goods have replaced such products， which yield low profits， and there are only about 100 individuals engaging in the work across the country. "The world has changed， and craftsmen need to transcend practicality（实用性） and pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive，" Wu says.
From her perspective， straw weaving should respond to people’s needs and preferences， while still drawing inspiration from traditional culture. "Craftspeople should make a great effort to grasp the trends and opportunities of the times to create new and relevant products，" she says. When asked about her plans， Wu says she wants to dig deeper into local traditional culture and create cultural creative products by developing the straw-weaving technique.
随着工业化的发展，用麦秸秆做的草编产品渐渐淡出人们的生活。2008年草编工艺申遗成功。非遗传承人吴翠呼吁草编手艺人要不断创新。
【词语积累】　pop into one’s mind突然出现在脑海中　intangible adj.无形的　inheritor n.继承人　craftsman n.工匠，手艺人　manufacture vt.生产，制造　heritage n.遗产　complicated adj.复杂的，难懂的　individual n.个人　engage in参加，从事　perspective n.观点，态度
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about straw-woven products？
A. Their major uses.
B. Their cultural value.
C. Their historical origins.
D. Their manufacturing process.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第二段中的"The earliest straw-woven（草编的） products were discovered at Hemudu Cultural Ruins"可知，最早的草编产品是在河姆渡文化遗迹发现的；再由第二段的"also records that there were...craftsmen during the Zhou Dynasty"可知，早在周朝时就已经有香蒲垫和专业的草编手艺人了。综上可知，本题选C项。
2. Which is the toughest part for straw-weaving craftsmen according to Wu Cui？
A. Making the artworks vivid.
B. Drawing sketches on paper.
C. Selecting suitable materials.
D. Preserving finished products.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第四段的"the hardest part is to make it lifelike"可知，最难的部分是让作品栩栩如生，故选A项。
3. What does the underlined word "transcend" in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A. Rely on. B. Go beyond.
C. Cast away. D. Turn to.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由画线词后的"pursue the beauty and artistry of straw culture to help the craft survive and thrive"可推知，草编手艺人要"超越"实用性，追求艺术与美感，故选B项。
4. What can we learn from Wu Cui’s opinion in the last paragraph？
A. Straw-woven products are out of favor with customers.
B. Pursuing fashion should be the first priority for craftspeople.
C. Local people benefit a lot from the straw-weaving technique.
D. Craftsmen should innovate based on traditional culture.
解析　D　推理判断题。由最后一段的"drawing inspiration from traditional culture"和"Craftspeople should...create new and relevant products"可推知，手艺人应该在传统文化的基础上有所创新，故选D项。
二、七选五
[2023山东济南期末检测]What is heritage？ The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is passed down by families or other groups for many years. 　1　 It can also be the customs， traditions， and values shared by groups of people. One way to think about heritage is to break it down into three groups. These are the tangible（有形的） cultural heritage， the natural heritage， and the intangible cultural heritage.
　2　 They can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. Some examples are national monuments and works of art. Many ancient sites are also part of this group. On a smaller scale， a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to heritage. They can include bodies of water， plant life， landforms and more. One example is the Nile River. 　3　 Efforts to protect natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch. Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance， like flamenco. You might know about the music of mariachi bands. These are all examples of intangible cultural heritage. 　4　
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself， your family， and your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. 　5　 It can also lead you to find things you may have in common with others！
A. They are treasures that can be touched.
B. What tangible items can be part of heritage？
C. However， heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D. Languages， holidays and customs also make the list.
E. Therefore， it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F. Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G. It has been part of heritage in many African nations for centuries.
本文主要介绍了遗产的三种类型，包括物质文化遗产、自然遗产和非物质文化遗产。
1.C　C项中的concrete objects与空前句子中的something that is passed down by families or other groups对应，且"It can also be the customs...of people"是对C项的进一步说明。
2.B　第二段主要说明物质文化遗产包含的事物有哪些，B项与此相符，可充当段落主题句。
3.G　G项中的in many African nations与空前句子中的the Nile River相吻合。
4.D　语言、节日和风俗习惯都属于非物质文化遗产。这与第四段的内容吻合，故D项正确。
5.F　"It can also lead ... common with others！"与F项并列，二者说的都是了解他人遗产的好处。
三、完形填空
[2024山东日照校际联考]Ukrainian artist Olesya Galushcenko is an engineer who got into porcelain（瓷） flower making for a personal challenge. Seven years ago， she decided to 　1　 a project that involved using her 　2　， and a decorative flower bouquet（花束） caught her eye. Soon she started paying attention to cold porcelain. But she refused to 　3　 classes and decided to learn the 　4　 by herself.
While 　5　 with porcelain， Olesya realized that in order to 　6　 almost perfect flower reproductions， every little part of the 　7　 she was copying needed to be perfect. So she 　8　 taking every flower apart and making moulds（模具） of every element.
After making the moulds， the 　9　 artist created the frame of the bouquet from wire covered in tape. Everything was then 　10　 coated in porcelain. The porcelain masterpieces needed about a day to 　11　.
Provided that the artist 　12　 from early morning until late at night， she can create one 　13　 in a day. Olesya Galushcenko’s creations are not exactly 　14　 but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works.
Each porcelain flower that comes out of Olesya Galushcenko’s hands is one of a kind， and， if properly cared for， can 　15　 forever. She recommends keeping them out of direct sunlight and excessive moisture， and carefully wiping them with a damp cloth.
Olesya是一名工程师，她自学了制作瓷花，其作品很受欢迎。
1. A. put aside B. put off
C. take on D. take down
解析　C　此处是说她决定做一个项目，故选C。put aside忽视，不理睬，把……放一边；put off推迟，延迟；take on决定做，同意负责，承担；take down 写下，记录。
2. A. eyes B. hands
C. strength D. courage
解析　B　由语境可知，Olesya参与的是手工艺品制作项目，故选B。
3. A. set up B. give up
C. account for D. pay for
解析　D　由下文的"decided to learn the 　4　 by herself"可推测，Olesya想自学技艺， 因此她拒绝花钱上课。set up建起，创建；give up放弃；account for解释，说明；pay for为……付费。D项符合语境。
4. A. skill B. service
C. origin D. shape
解析　A　参见上题解析。skill技巧，技艺。
5. A. matching B. playing
C. experimenting D. battling
解析　C　此处表示"当她用瓷进行尝试时"， 故选C。
6. A. observe B. achieve
C. restore D. maintain
解析　B　此处说的是想获得几乎完美的瓷花， 故选B。observe看到，注意到，观察到；achieve实现，（尤指经过努力）取得，获得；restore恢复；maintain维持，保持。
7. A. flowers B. molds
C. tools D. leaves
解析　A　由上文的"Olesya realized that in order to 　6　 almost perfect flower reproductions"可知，本题选A。
8. A. admitted B. avoided
C. delayed D. started
解析　D　于是她开始（started）把每朵花拆开，每一部分都做出模具，故选D。admit承认；avoid避免；delay延迟，延期。
9. A. proud B. optimistic
C. talented D. anxious
解析　C　由语境可知，Olesya是个有天赋的艺术家，故选C。proud自豪的；optimistic乐观的，乐观主义的；talented有天资的，有才能的；anxious焦虑的，不安的，担心的。
10. A. roughly B. carefully
C. temporarily D. hurriedly
解析　B　由常识可知，往每样东西上涂瓷的动作应该是小心翼翼地进行的， 故选B。roughly粗略地，大致上；carefully小心地，仔细地；temporarily暂时地，临时地；hurriedly匆忙地。
11. A. dry B. copy
C. display D. sell
解析　A　此处是说制作完成后，瓷花需要约一天的时间变干， 故选A。
12. A. draws B. comes
C. carves D. works
解析　D　此处是说这位艺术家从清早工作到深夜，故选D。
13. A. animal B. cup
C. rose D. toy
解析　C　Olesya制作的是瓷花，故选C。
14. A. cheap B. priceless
C. disappointing D. exciting
解析　A　由下文的"but there are always buyers lining up to buy her works"可知，Olesya的作品不便宜， 故选A。priceless极其贵重的，无价的；disappointing令人失望的，令人沮丧的；exciting令人兴奋的。
15. A. shine B. grow
C. fruit D. last
解析　D　由语境和常识可推断，瓷花如果爱护得当， 可永久保存， 故选D。last在此作动词，意为"继续存在，持续起作用"。