UNIT 5 THE VALUE OF MONEY
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. plastic n.塑料adj.塑料制的；塑料的
2. scene n.（戏剧或歌剧的）场；现场；场面
3. bet n.打赌；赌注 vi.& vt.下赌注vt.敢说
4. sail vi.& vt.（船）航行；（人）乘船航行
5. spot vt.看见；注意到 n.地点；斑点；污迹
6. dare vi.& modal v.胆敢；敢于
7. sort n.种类；类别
8. beneath adv.& prep.在（或往）……下面；在……的表面之下
9. postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
10. nowhere adv.无处；哪里都不
11. extent n.程度；限度；大小；范围
12. hug vt.& vi.拥抱；抱紧
13. duty n.责任；义务；职责；值班
14. manner n.举止；方法；[pl.]礼貌；礼仪
15. downstairs adv.顺楼梯而下；在楼下；往楼下
16. stair n.楼梯；梯级
17. aside adv.到旁边；在旁边；留；存
18. option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权
19. indeed adv.其实；实际上；当然；确实
20. element n.要素；基本部分
21. plot n.故事情节；布局；阴谋
22. upper adj.上面的；上层的；靠上部的
23. maintain vt.维持；保持；维修；保养
24. saying n.谚语；格言；警句
25. external adj.外部的；外面的；外来的
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. apologise/apologize vi.道歉；谢罪→ apology n.道歉
2. ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ ignorance n.愚昧；无知
3. judge vt.& vi.评价；评判；判断n.法官；审判员；裁判员→ judgement/judgment n.看法；判决；判断
4. serve vt.& vi.服务→ servant n.仆人；用人→ service n.服务
5. patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力→ patient adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的n.病人→ patiently adv. 有耐心地→ impatiently adv.不耐烦地
6. indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示vt.象征；暗示→ indication n.迹象；表明；显示→ indicator n.指示物
7. intend vt.& vi.打算；想要→ intention n.打算；计划；意图；目的
8. music n.音乐→ musical n.音乐剧adj.音乐的→ musician n.音乐家
9. pursue vt.追求；致力于→ pursuit n.追求；追逐
10. hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑→ hesitation n.犹豫；踌躇→ hesitant adj.犹豫的；踌躇的
11. eventual adj.最后的；最终的→ eventually adv.最后；终于
12. broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的；广泛的→ broaden vt.& vi.（使）变宽；（使）扩大→ broadly adv.大体上；广泛地
13. normal adj.典型的；正常的；一般的；精神正常的n.常态；通常标准；一般水平→ abnormal adj.不正常的；反常的
14. willing adj.愿意；乐意→ willingly adv.乐意地→ unwilling adj.不愿意的；勉强的→ willingness n.乐意；心甘情愿
15. permit vt.& vi.允许；准许；使有可能 n.许可证→ permission n.准许；许可；批准；许可证
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.loan n. 贷款；借款
2.narrator n. （书、戏剧或电影中的）叙述者；讲述者；（电视节目中的）幕后解说员
3.narration n. 叙述；讲述；解说
4.mining n. 采矿；采矿业
5.odd adj. 奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
6.obligation n. 义务；职责；责任
7.opera n. 歌剧
8.dinosaur n. 恐龙
9.sequence vt. 按顺序排列 n. 顺序；一系列
10.tailor n. （男装）裁缝 vt. 专门制作；定做
11.clerk n. 职员；文书；店员
12.frown n.& vi. 皱眉
13.ambassador n. 大使；使节；代表
14.upper-class adj. 上流社会的；上等阶层的
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事
2. in return 作为回报；作为回应
3. make a bet 打个赌
4. as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的
5. by accident 偶然地；意外地
6. to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
7. ought to 应该；应当
8. be about to do sth. 即将或正要（做某事）
9. in case 以防；以防万一
10. to...extent 在……程度上；到……程度
11. on duty 值班；值勤
12. in a...manner 以一种……的方式
13. in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话
14. be willing to do sth. 愿意或乐意做某事
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1. It was the first time （that） Chen Liyan’s story was reported.[it＋be＋the first time （＋that）]
这是陈丽燕的故事第一次被报道。
2. That is why we’ve given you the letter. （that is why ）
这就是为什么我们把信给你。
3.I remember thinking that never would I hold such a note as this...（否定副词置于句首引起的倒装）
我记得我曾想，我永远不会持有这样一张钞票……
4. In case it happens to you on a trip abroad， what should you do？ （in case）
如果你出国旅行时遇到这种情况，你该怎么办？
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
2.I’ve just spotted a mistake on the front cover. It’s so obvious！
3.It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
4.The pollution of the forest has seriously affected plant life and， to a lesser extent ， wildlife.
5. Beneath this amazing sky， we see a sleeping village and a dark， lonely tree.
6.On receiving the call， the police rushed to the scene ， where the accident happened.
7.They have to postpone holding the conference because the heavy storm has damaged the city.
8.After he graduated，he started to pursue a medical career.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She is so kind that she always does the cleaning willingly even when others are unwilling . Such willingness makes her popular.（willing）
2. Based on the basic marketing research， they based the new company in a big city， and asked their employees to present sales reports on a weekly basis . （base）
3.I must apologise to you for the inaccurate data I provided. I hope you can accept my apology .（apologise）
4.Children often behave badly out of ignorance ， which， however， is always ignored by their parents. （ignore）
5.When I was hesitating/hesitant to take the offer， another applicant took it without hesitation . （hesitate）
6.A broad range of paintings in the exhibition the other day broadened our horizons. （broad）
7.After a second thought， he intended to inform the whole family of his intention .（intend）
8.Caring for patients with special needs requires patience and understanding. Impatient people can’t do that. （patience）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
on duty in return by accident
on the basis of as a matter of fact
1.The teacher glanced at the dirty floor and asked who was on duty that day.
2.We oughtn’t to choose friends on the basis of how much money they have.
3.My uncle is always ready to give a hand to others； in return ， he is liked by everyone here.
4.It is said that the invention that has had a big impact on plastic was created completely by accident .
5. As a matter of fact ， he would have attended the party if nothing had happened.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.见字如见人。这就是为什么我认为改善你的书写对你来说很重要。（that is why ）
A person’s handwriting shows his or her personality. That is why I think it is important for you to improve your handwriting.
2.这是他出生以来第一次独自乘坐火车到一个很远的地方。[it＋be＋ the first time（＋that）]
It is the first time （that） he has taken the train to a quite distant place on his own since he was born.
3.当他在废墟中营救幸存者时，他几乎不在乎自己的安全。（否定副词置于句首引起的倒装）
While he was rescuing survivors in the ruins， little did he care about his own safety .
4.医生把他的手机号码给了病人，以防他们需要医疗援助。（in case）
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance .
Wearing old blue jeans and a loose T-shirt， Gary walked by a tailor’s shop by accident when he was about to go home. After spotting a business suit in the window， he had the intention to go in to have a look. However， the shop assistant frowned at Gary in an extremely unpleasant manner and told him they didn’t make the sort of suit any more. As a matter of fact， he felt a little uncomfortable then. Hesitating for a while， he asked to try another suit， but was just ignored. Then he knew he was judged by what he was wearing. The next day he went straight to the shop， dressed more properly. This time， the assistant was perfectly willing to receive him， introducing a broad range of suits with great patience. However， Gary said， "I bet you didn’t recognize me. To be honest， I’m the guy you treated badly yesterday. You indeed hurt me to some extent." The assistant blushed with shame， apologising for his neglect of duty. Eventually， the shop owner said， "To make up for your unpleasant experience， please permit me to offer you a permanent discount. Our best tailor will serve you here for free in case you want to have your suit maintained." In return， Gary said he accepted the apology and would make a suit there. What would you do if you were in that case？
1 apologise（apologize） vi.道歉；谢罪
1.We ought to apologise to our customers for the poor quality of the toy dinosaurs they bought.
2.[北师选必③－8]Even though I forgive you personally，for the sake of the honour of my family I cannot accept your apology （apologise）.
3.I am terribly sorry for the fact that I cannot go out with you this weekend. （告知信）
→①I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go out with you this weekend.（apology）
→②I apologise to you for the fact that I cannot go out with you this weekend.（apologise）
4.无论如何，我为我的过错给你带来的不便再次道歉，希望你能理解我的处境并原谅我。
（道歉信）
Anyway， I apologise again for any inconvenience caused by my fault ， and I do hope you can understand my situation and forgive me.
★apologise （to sb.） for （doing） sth. 因（做）某事（向某人）道歉 ★apology n.道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉 owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉
2 judge vt.& vi.评价（尤指批评）；裁判；判断 vt.审判 n.法官；裁判员
1. Judging （judge） by the rate of the development of lunar exploration， it is certain that China will successfully complete the three stages of the program.
judging by/from...放在句首作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语可以不一致，且动词-ing形式不受主语影响，为独立成分。类似的表达还有：generally speaking一般来说，frankly speaking坦率地说，considering...考虑到……，等等。
2.As the saying goes， "Don’t judge a book by its cover." Our judg（e）ment（s） （judge） should be based on facts.
judge变名词形式时，结尾的e可以保留也可以去掉，然后再加-ment。
3.如果您能作为裁判出席周五的比赛，我将不胜感激。 （邀请信）
I would appreciate it if you could attend the contest as a judge on Friday.
★judge...by/from/on...根据……评判…… as far as I can judge据我判断 judging from/by...根据……判断 ★judg（e）ment n.看法；判决；判断力
3 spot（spotted， spotted， spotting） vt.看见；注意到 n.地点；斑点；污迹；一点
1.Neighbours spotted smoke coming （come） out of the house.
2.James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot.
3.I bet another person will slip at the spot where I did downstairs.
4.He showed me the exact spot that/which he thought was the best place to play the scene of the opera.
spot后接定语从句时：若关系词在从句中作地点状语，关系词要用where；若作主语或宾语则用that/which。有类似用法的名词还有case，point，situation，stage，position，scene等。
5.The climate here is mild and pleasant， which makes it one of the most popular tourist/scenic spots （使它成为最受欢迎的旅游景点之一）. （景点介绍）
6.We lay on the grass， staring at the night sky spotted with （凝望着布满……的夜空） twinkling stars. （读后续写之景色描写）
★spot sth./sb. doing sth.看到某物/某人正在做某事 be spotted with...布满…… ★on the spot/scene当场； 在现场 tourist spots/scenic spots旅游景点
4 patience n.耐心；忍耐力；毅力
1.People have lost patience with the slow pace of the construction of the skyscraper， which keeps making loud noises even in the evening.
2.The father is so patient that whenever his children make mistakes， he is willing to tell them with patience and never shouts at them impatiently . （patience）
3.我们的英语老师不仅知识渊博，对我们也很有耐心。每当我们遇到不会的问题，她总是耐心地给我们讲解。 （人物描写）
Our English teacher is not only knowledgeable， but also patient with us — she always explains patiently/with patience every time we come across problems. （not only...but also...）
★with patience耐心地 have the patience to do sth.有耐心做某事 be/run out of patience with...不耐烦…… lose patience with...对……失去耐心 ★patient adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的n.病人 be patient with sb./sth.对……有耐心 ★patiently （＝with patience） adv.耐心地 impatiently adv.没有耐心地
5 hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑
1.[外研必修③－2]She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never hesitates to help （help）.
2.[译林选必①－4] People with the impression that poetry is difficult to understand often hesitate about/over reading poetry.
3.如果你需要更多的信息或帮助，请尽管与我联系。 （告知信）
→①If you require further information or assistance， please do not hesitate to contact me . （hesitate）
→②If you require further information or assistance， please contact me without hesitation . （hesitation）
★hesitate to do sth.不愿意做某事，迟疑做某事 hesitate about/over （doing） sth.对（做）某事犹豫不决 ★hesitation n.犹豫，疑虑 without hesitation毫不犹豫
6 permit vt.& vi.（permitted， permitted， permitting）允许，准许（allow）；使有可能 n.许可证
1.[人教选必①－4]For example， in many Middle Eastern countries， men and women are not socially permitted to make （make） eye contact.
2.[北师必修③－7]Some think it is a crime if done without a property owner’s permission （permit）， while others see this as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.
3.The library doesn’t permit carrying （carry） food in case it leaves spots on books.
4.If weather permits， the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. （通知）
Weather permitting ， the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours.（独立主格）
★permit doing sth.允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 ★a residence/parking permit居住/停车许可证 ★permission n.准许，批准；许可证 with one’s permission经某人许可 without permission未经许可
7 in return作为回报；作为回应
1.[人教选必④－3]African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices.
gesture此处意为"（表明感情或意图的）姿态，表示"。句意：非洲王室送来长颈鹿等礼物作为友谊的象征，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。
2.Unlike printed books， which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live， book files can be downloaded at home.
3.[人教选必①－5]This affects the crops grown on the land and， in turn， the animals and humans who digest them.
4.During the summer vacation， teachers in our school were on duty by turns.
5.[人教选必④－3]Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return （帮助人们，不期望任何回报）.
devote sth. to （doing） sth.把……用于（做）某事，其中to是介词，其后的动词要用-ing形式。
★in return for sth.作为对……的回报/回应 return to...from...从……返回到…… return sth. to sb.把某物还给某人 return to...恢复/重新开始做…… ★in turn转而，相应地；依次，轮流 by turns轮流；交替 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事
8 by accident偶然地；意外地（by chance）
1.[外研必修③－4]His[Han Gan’s] artistic talent was discovered by accident when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine.
2.Indeed， I did it on purpose to some extent. He needed to know his fault.
3.他们不小心打碎了花瓶，那是他们妈妈最爱的一只。
They broke the vase by accident/by chance/accidentally ， which was their mother’s favorite one.
★"偶然，意外"的其他表达： by chance； accidentally ★"故意，有意"的常用表达： by design； on purpose； deliberately
9 in case以防；以防万一
1.[北师必修①－2]Wear gloves and mouth guards in case something happens （以防有事发生）.
2. In case of emergency （如遇紧急情况）， break the glass and press the button.
in case和in case of都表示"以防，万一"。不同的是，in case作连词，其后跟句子；而in case of为介词短语，其后跟名词。
3.I know you are occupied with your schoolwork， but you have to have a rest in any case （无论如何你都必须休息一下）.
4.I could never have got the prize without your timely help with my spoken English. （感谢信）
→ In no case could I have got the prize without your timely help with my spoken English.（in no case，倒装）
5.根据天气预报，明天多云，我们最好带上雨伞，以防万一。 （告知信）
According to the weather forecast， it should be cloudy tomorrow， and we’d better take umbrellas with us just in case .
in case除了作连词，引导状语从句外，还可以作副词，单独使用。
★in case of （n./v-ing） 如果；以防 in some cases某些情况下 in any case无论如何；不管怎样 in that case既然那样 in no case决不（位于句首时，句子需要用部分倒装语序） as is often the case 这是常有的事
10 否定副词/词组＋部分倒装
1. Nowhere else can you find （别处你找不到） such an ancient building with such delicate design and so long a history.
2.我们不仅放松了，还对劳动有了更好的了解。 （活动感想）
Not only are we relaxed ， but we have gained a better understanding of labor. （not only， 倒装）
3.我们刚到山顶，雪就下起来了。
→① Hardly had we reached the top of the mountain when the snow began to come down. （hardly...when...倒装句）
→② No sooner had we reached the top of the mountain than the snow began to come down. （no sooner...than... 倒装句）
注意在not only...but （also）...， hardly...when...， no sooner...than...结构中，表示否定的not only， hardly， no sooner置于句首时，其后的句子要倒装，但but（also），when，than后的句子要用正常语序。
★当具有否定意义的词语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序：否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 ★表示否定意义的词语 全部否定意义副词：not，never，neither，nor， nowhere 部分否定意义副词：seldom， hardly， rarely， little， scarcely 表示"绝不"的短语：in no way， by no means， at no time， on no condition， under no circumstances， on no account等
词根-tent-/-tend-/-tens-
本单元：ex-（向外）＋-tent-（延伸）→伸展到的结果→extent 程度；限度；大小；范围
in-（向内）＋-tent-（延伸）＋-ion（动作、状态或结果）→向内延伸的结果→intention 意图；打算；计划；目的
拓展：
从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
1.[译林选必②－1]Fire engines and ambulances， called at 9：30 p.m.， reached the scene within 15 minutes. By this time， the fire had extended to the 15th floor.
句意：晚上9点30分呼叫的消防车和救护车于15分钟之内赶到了现场。此时，大火已蔓延至15楼。空处表示"过去的过去"，故用过去完成时。
2.[人教必修①－3]In sports， there is no use pretending to fall down or be hurt， because in the end， the audience will see through it.
there/it is no use doing sth.做某事没有用处。
3.[人教必修①－2]I want to experience some Chinese culture and see the natural beauty there，but my main goal is to find out which university is the best for me to attend .
4.[外研选必①－1]I walk through the doors into the waiting area， where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension .
5.[北师必修②－6]It is important to understand the emotions， behaviours and intentions of characters in a story.
根据空前and可知，空处与emotions和behaviours并列，故也应用名词。intention表示"打算，意图，目的"。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国甲]So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate， and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone， we get impatient （patient） about the circumstances.
2.[2022浙江1月] Stop trying to balance time between them all. Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.
3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]I’m not a trained musician （music）， but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.
4.[2021北京]Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation （hesitate）.
5.[2020浙江]The curtains are about to open （open）， and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
about在此处为形容词，而非介词，be about to do为固定用法，表示"即将，正要做"。
6.[2020天津]Before Vinnie could say yes， the President hurried on， a shade of aplolgy （apologise） in his voice.
7.[全国Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back to...when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted （permit） to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
8.[全国Ⅱ]If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden （broad） our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
在高考语法填空题中，提示词是形容词时，根据语境，有时需要在其前/后加上动词词缀，使其变成动词，常见的动词词缀有en-，-en，-is（z）e，-ify等。
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 活动领域，界，坛，圈子 B. 事件，场面，情景
C. 地点，现场 D. 景色，风光
①[2023全国乙]After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks， we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. D
②[2022新高考Ⅱ] It would work like this： An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. C
③[2020全国Ⅲ] If you do， you won’t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone’s day. B
④[浙江高考] They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. A
scene还可表示"（戏剧或歌剧的）场；镜头"。behind the scene意为"在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里"。
2.
A. v.发现 B. n.斑点，小圆点
C. n.地点，场所
①[2023全国乙]We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. C
②[2022新高考Ⅰ]I looked around and finally spotted David， who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. A
③[全国Ⅰ] They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows， mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. B
3.
A. 估计，猜测（大小、数量等）
B. 批评，指责 C. 判断，评价
①[2023全国甲]What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. C
②[全国Ⅱ]You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. A
③[福建高考]Very quickly， she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly（刻薄）. B
4.[2023浙江1月]All camp sessions are created with age-appropriate activities that are tailored to the multiple ways that kids learn. v.专门制作，定做
5.[2022北京]If we keep our body fit， we can enjoy life in a better manner. n.方式
6.[全国Ⅰ] Mitch Prinstein， a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers. v.把……分类
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——图书捐赠
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年7月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。
1.自我介绍；
2.拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；
3.询问对方的其他需求。
参考词汇：学生会 the Student Union
◎写作要点
1.我是晨光中学学生会主席，我校将向你们的中文班捐赠一些书。（be about to do sth.）
I’m chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang High School， which is about to donate some books to your Chinese class.
2.我们将捐赠不同种类的图书，包括语言学习、中国历史、中国诗歌、中国戏剧等。（sort， opera）
We will give away different sorts of books， including language learning， Chinese history， Chinese poetry and Chinese operas.
3.每本书中都会有一个惊喜——手写的一句话，我敢肯定只要你们看到就会喜欢，这是为了表达我们最美好的祝愿。（bet， spot， intention）
There is a surprise in every book I bet you will like once you spot it — a hand-written sentence with the intention of sending our best wishes.
4.我愿意在今年7月去你们学校参加夏令营时带上这些书。（be willing to do sth.）
I am willing to take the books along when I go to your school for the summer camp in July this year.
5.如果还有什么是我们可以为你们做的，请尽管与我们联系。（hesitate）
If there is something else we can do for you， please don’t hesitate to contact us.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
How are you doing？ I’m chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang High School， which is about to donate some books to your Chinese class. We will give away different sorts of books， including language learning， Chinese history， Chinese poetry and Chinese operas. There are， in total， about 300 books. By the way， there is a surprise in every book I bet you will like once you spot it — a hand-written sentence with the intention of sending our best wishes. Hopefully， these books will help the students to know and learn Chinese better.
I am willing to take the books along when I go to your school for the summer camp in July this year. If there is anything else we can do for you， please don’t hesitate to contact us.
Yours，
Li Jin
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之担忧与焦虑
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 anxious， worried， restless， nervous， uneasy， concerned； worry， concern， anxiety 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.比赛结束，老师要宣读分数的时候，我非常紧张，心提到了嗓子眼。 When the match finished and the teacher was going to announce the score， I was extremely nervous with my heart in my mouth .（with复合结构） 2.父亲焦虑地朝他的儿子皱眉头，他的儿子已经病了两周了。 The father frowned at his son anxiously ， who had been sick for two weeks. 3.因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实。 Concerned/Worried about the journey， I was unsettled for the first few days. （形容词作状语） 4.她坐立不安，脸色苍白，手心冒汗，心脏狂跳。 She was restless with anxiety ， with her face turning pale， her palms sweating and her heart beating wildly. 5.她忧虑地看了他一眼，犹豫要不要告诉他真相。 She gave him a worried look ， hesitating over whether to tell him the truth.
词 组 1.be concerned/worried about/that...担心…… 2.be restless with anxiety坐立不安 3.give sb. a worried look忧虑地看某人一眼 4.be filled with/full of anxiety and concern满是焦虑和担忧 5.frown at sb. anxiously焦虑地朝某人皱眉头 6.glance worriedly at sb.忧心忡忡地瞥某人一眼 7.with one’s heart in one’s mouth提心吊胆
佳 句 1.As the sky gradually darkened， he grew increasingly worried/concerned， pacing nervously up and down in the room. 天逐渐暗了下来，他越来越担心，紧张不安地在房间里踱来踱去。 2.With my paper in hand， nervousness filled my heart and my mind went wholly blank so that I couldn’t think of anything I had learned. 我手里拿着试卷，心里满是焦虑，大脑一片空白，以至于想不起我学过的任何东西。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Brian Chevalier was in bed at his Rhode Island home， worrying his pipes might freeze and burst. It was Dec.19 of last year. The outside temperature was expected to drop to -7℃. Finally， he gave in： He turned on the heat. The data marked a new personal record for an annual challenge — one he hopes to beat this year. Every year， Chevalier， who works in digital marketing in the automotive industry， avoids turning on his heat for as long as he can.
Chevalier started the challenge when he was in his 20s， living in a poorly equipped house and working as a part-time waiter. "Heating the structure was useless — the heat was just going out the window. It made me think： How warm do I really need to be to survive？ Just layer up，" Chevalier says. Two years ago Chevalier made it to Dec.3 without the heat. Last year， he went further， with the help of layers and layers of clothes.
Chevalier has about 28，000 followers on the social media platform who are now cheering him on and sharing their own attempts to keep the heat off. Since heating oil and electric rates have increased over the years， and are expected to continue edging up this winter， more and more people participate in this year’s challenge.
It isn’t necessary to have all that much heat， insists Mr. Tabor， 40， who makes videos online and lives in his old house built in the 1880s. "If your pipes don’t freeze and you can sleep and work， that’s enough — the rest is luxury（奢侈的享受），" he says. "Normal electrical equipment and lights give off a surprising amount of heat."
When asked if he has the confidence to break the record this year， Chevalier says that the threshold（临界点） differs from person to person. "I’m not sure actually. Mine is obviously very low. But the forecast might not be in my favor，" he adds.
本文是记叙文。由于取暖油的价格和电费逐年上涨，越来越多的人加入Brian Chevalier，挑战在冬天尽可能晚开暖气，以节约生活成本。
【词语积累】 burst v.（使）爆裂，（使）胀破 layer up多穿几层 cheer sb. on为……鼓气，为……加油 forecast n.预测，预报 in sb.’s favor 有利于某人，有助于某人
【熟词生义】 1.rate常用义：n.速度，进度；比率 文中义：n.价格，费用
2.edge常用义：n.边，边缘 文中义：v.略为增加（或减少）
1. What is Chevalier’s annual challenge？
A. Delaying using the heating.
B. Preventing his pipes from freezing.
C. Observing temperature changes.
D. Breaking the record for digital marketing.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第一段中的"It was Dec.19 of last year... turned on the heat"和"Every year， Chevalier... avoids turning on his heat for as long as he can"可知，去年12月19日，Brian Chevalier打开了暖气，这一数据刷新了个人年度挑战纪录，他每年都会尽可能长时间地避免打开暖气，故选A。
2. How did Chevalier complete last year’s challenge？
A. By wearing more clothes.
B. By equipping his house well.
C. By finding a warmer home.
D. By strengthening the windows.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Just layer up"和"Last year， he went further， with the help of layers and layers of clothes"可知，他是通过穿很多层衣服来完成去年的挑战的，故选A。
3. Why do more and more people join Chevalier this year？
A. To give him moral support.
B. To reduce their energy bills.
C. To promote a new lifestyle.
D. To protect the environment.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段中的"Since heating oil and electric rates have increased over the years， and are expected to continue edging up this winter， more and more people participate in this year’s challenge"可知，由于取暖油的价格和电费逐年上涨，预计今年冬天还会继续上涨，越来越多的人参与到今年的挑战中来。由此可推断，越来越多的人加入是为了减少能源支出。综上可知，本题选B。
4. What’s Mr. Tabor’s attitude to the challenge？
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Concerned. D. Supportive.
解析 D 态度推断题。由题干中的"Mr. Tabor"可将解题信息定位至倒数第二段。由倒数第二段可知，Mr. Tabor认为，没有必要使用那么多的热量。如果你的管道不结冰，你可以睡觉和工作，这就足够了——其余的都是奢侈的享受。普通的电器和灯会散发出惊人的热量。由此可知，Mr. Tabor对这一挑战持支持的态度，故选D。
B
[2024天星原创]Hody Childress， a farmer from Geraldine， Alabama， lived the last 10 years of his life with a little secret that was doing a lot of good.
In the small town where he lived his entire life， Childress wanted to help his community. He knew there were families in his hometown who were struggling financially. So one day he asked his local pharmacist（药剂师）， Brooke Walker， a question that would lead to supporting a lot of people.
"He pulled me to the side and said， ‘Do you ever have anybody that can’t pay for their medicine？’ and I said， ‘Well， yeah， unfortunately， that happens a good bit.’" Walker shared with the BBC.
So Childress donated $100 to the local pharmacy（药房） for anyone who couldn’t afford to pay for a prescription， saying， "Next time that happens， will you use this？ Don’t tell where it came from， and don’t tell me who needed it."
This act of generosity continued for nearly 10 years， until his death in January 2023. And his story only came to light at his funeral， when his daughter， Tania Nix， wanted to show what kind of man her father was.
In fact， the 80-year-old only revealed his generosity to his daughter when he was unable to get to the pharmacy himself. He asked his daughter to take a $100 bill to the drugstore at the first of the month.
Nix continued to drop off the money to the pharmacy and didn’t tell anybody about what her dad was doing.
With her brother Doug， Nix shared， "We had a really hard time whether to allow this story out to the public， but I feel like a small deed can turn into a big deed — or it can turn into something that gives people hope. If it can encourage anyone to be a better person and want to help others — it’s worth it."
According to the BBC， since the story was first published by the Washington Post， the pharmacy has received donations from all over the country.
本文主要讲述了一位心地善良且不图名利的老人默默地捐钱为有需要的人支付药费的故事。
1. According to Walker， .
A. Childress often fell ill
B. Childress made a good fortune from farming
C. most people in Geraldine lead a hard life
D. many people can’t pay for their medicine
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Do you ever have anybody that can’t pay for their medicine？"和"Well， yeah， unfortunately， that happens a good bit"可知，本题选D项。
2. Which words best describe Childress？
A. Honest and generous.
B. Generous and noble.
C. Kindhearted and open-minded.
D. Kindhearted and easygoing.
解析 B 推理判断题。结合Childress捐钱为生活困难的人付药费可知，他是一个善良大方的人，而他做好事不留名的做法表明他是一个高尚的人，故本题选B项。
3. What can we infer about Nix from the passage？
A. She wanted to make her father famous.
B. She followed her father’s example and also donated some money.
C. She held different opinions about their father’s deed from Doug.
D. She hesitated about the decision to spread out her father’s secret.
解析 D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"We had a really hard time whether to allow this story out to the public"可推知，对于是否将父亲的善行义举公之于众，Nix犹豫不决，故本题选D项。
4. What lesson can we learn from the last two paragraphs？
A. Actions speak louder than words.
B. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
C. What goes around comes around.
D. One good deed may probably lead to another.
解析 D 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的"I feel like a small deed can turn into a big deed"和最后一段中的"since the story was first published by the Washington Post， the pharmacy has received donations from all over the country"可推知，本题选D项。
二、七选五
[2023河南郑州一测]Have you ever had such an experience — going shopping and buying more than you need when you feel upset？ 1
According to a study by University of Michigan researchers， shopping to relieve stress was up to 40 times more effective at giving people a sense of control and shoppers were 3 times less sad compared to those who only went window-shopping. More than half of the 1，000 consumers interviewed by Credit Karma said they had shopped to deal with feelings of stress or anxiety. 2
In fact， shopping to reduce stress can actually help you live a healthier life by making sure that your blood pressure is lowered. Shopping to relieve stress is also jokingly called "retail therapy（购物疗法）" as a form of regulating stress. 3 And that feeling following those purchases was long-lasting.
However， the side effect of retail therapy， for many， can be relatively harmless at first but in the long term it could possibly use up savings and cause conflicts， thus adding a significant amount of stress to a person’s life.
Preparing a list before shopping is the best way to avoid the side effect of retail therapy. Whether you’re purchasing presents or buying groceries， having the items you need written down will make you quite clear and sensible while you’re shopping. 4 That way you’ll be more likely to commit to it. You can buy a cup of coffee while shopping or plan a fun activity when you return home.
5 Everyone’s financial situation is parison usually leads to debt and dissatisfaction with what you already have. Appreciate what you currently have by practicing gratitude.
A. Reward yourself for sticking to your list.
B. Why do people tend to shop to reduce stress？
C. Does overspending really make you feel happier？
D. Think about what you struggle with most financially.
E. Give up the needs to keep up with your neighbors and friends.
F. The study also found 82％ had a positive feeling about their purchases.
G. 23％ of them said they had used up their credit cards in the past year.
作者在文章中分析了过度消费的优点和缺点，并结合例子给出了合理的建议。
1.C 由空前的"going shopping and buying more than you need when you feel upset"可推知，空处内容应与过度消费相关；结合下文提到的"一项研究表明购物可以让人们不那么悲伤"可知，此处应该与过度购物是否会让人们开心有关以引出下文，故选C。
2.G 由空前的"More than half of the 1，000...said they had shopped"可知，空处内容应与被采访的消费者有关，G项符合语境，且G选项中的"them"与空前一句中的"consumers"相对应。
3.F 空格所在段主要在讲购物疗法的好处，再由空后的"And that feeling following those purchases was long-lasting"可推知，空处内容应与某种情感相关，F项中的"a positive feeling"与空后的that feeling相呼应，故选F。
4.A 由语境可推知，空处内容应与让自己更加忠于购物清单的方法有关；结合空后第二句可知，该方法是奖励自己，故A项（对自己坚持按清单购买商品给予奖励）符合语境。
5.E 由空后内容可知，每个人的财务状况不同，比较通常会带来不利后果，所以本段主要在讲不要比较，故E项"放弃与你的邻居和朋友们攀比的欲望"符合语境。
三、完形填空
[2024湖南长沙雅礼中学开学考]Amy Taylor had weathered some tough years. Her husband suffered a lot from kidney failure and in 2020， the poor mother 1 her job in the economic depression.
During the spring break， her 14-year-old daughter， Emily Moore， took a part-time job， and 2 minimum wage. But before she could spend the money， Emily had an idea. The news in Kansas City that week had been filled with stories about a police officer， Jimmy Moss， who was badly hurt in a car accident in the line of duty. He was in 3 condition. Emily and her unemployed mother had never forgotten how 4 the police had been when Taylor was robbed in the street one day. Emily decided to 5 the money to Officer Moss’s family. Her mom 6 agreed.
Taylor called the police and made an anonymous（匿名的） donation. Moved by her 7 expression of thanks， the officers did what they do best — they 8 Taylor. When she explained the family’s 9 ， the officers could hardly believe it. "With her current financial 10 ， we encouraged her to keep the money，" the department later explained. "She 11 ， saying the officer’s family needed it and the police needed to know they were 12 ."
By then， that feeling of support was mutual. The police set up a GoFundMe page for Taylor， whom they named "The Woman with the Heart of Gold". As of January 11， 2023， they had 13 $165，405. Even better： Officer Moss， who had a 1 percent chance of 14 ， is out of the hospital and 15 .
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了 Amy Taylor 一家和警察相互支持的故事。
1. A. changed B. lost
C. quit D. finished
解析 B 由"Emily and her unemployed mother"可知，Amy Taylor失业了，故选B。
2. A. offered B. suggested
C. set D. earned
解析 D 在春假期间，她 14 岁的女儿兼职挣（earned）了一点钱，故选D。
3. A. critical B. rare
C. stable D. fair
解析 A 由上文中的"Jimmy Moss， who was badly hurt in a car accident in the line of duty"可推知，此处指这位警察伤情很严重，情况很危急， 故选A。
4. A. annoyed B. nice
C. disappointed D. wise
解析 B 由"the police had been when Taylor was robbed in the street one day"可推知，此处指警察非常好（nice），帮助了她们，故选B。
5. A. lend B. pass
C. donate D. show
解析 C 由"made an anonymous（匿名的） donation"可知， Emily 决定将她挣的钱捐（donated）给Moss警官一家，故选C。
6. A. temporarily B. hesitantly
C. readily D. cautiously
解析 C 由"Taylor called the police and made an anonymous（匿名的） donation"可知，妈妈欣然同意她捐款，故选C。
7. A. generous B. distant
C. written D. public
解析 A 由" made an anonymous（匿名的） donation"可知，Taylor捐了钱，这说明她表达感谢的方式很慷慨（generous），故选A。
8. A. came across B. tracked down
C. turned to D. calmed down
解析 B 由"When she explained the family’s 9 ， the officers could hardly believe it"可知，警察找到（tracked down）了Taylor，故选B。
9. A. motivation B. faith
C. tradition D. principle
解析 A 由"the officers could hardly believe it"可知，Taylor解释了一家人的捐赠动机（motivation），警官不敢相信，故选A。
10. A. credit B. security
C. service D. hardship
解析 D 由"Her husband suffered a lot from kidney failure and in 2020， the poor mother 1 her job in the economic depression"可推知，她目前经济困难，故选D。
11. A. agreed B. complained
C. refused D. guessed
解析 C 由"saying the officer’s family needed it"可推知，她拒绝（refused）了警察的建议，故选C。
12. A. supported B. promised
C. treated D. defeated
解析 A Taylor拒绝拿回捐赠的钱，说警察需要这些钱，也需要知道她们都支持（supported）他们，故选A。
13. A. kept B. added
C. taken D. raised
解析 D 由"The police set up a GoFundMe page"可推知，他们建立了基金会，筹集（raised）资金，已经筹集了165405 美元，故选D。
14. A. promotion B. survival
C. freedom D. growth
解析 B 由"is out of the hospital"可知，这里指存活机会，故选B。
15. A. regretting B. collapsing
C. recovering D. escaping
解析 C 由"is out of the hospital and"可知，尽管只有 1％的存活机会，Moss警官现在已经出院了，在恢复中（recovering），故选C。必修第三册
UNIT 1 FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONS
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. march vi.& n.行进；前进；示威游行
2. ceremony n.典礼；仪式
3. range n.一系列；范围，界限vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化
4. figure n.人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定
5. harvest n.收获；收成 vi.& vt.收割；捕猎
6. crop n.庄稼；作物；一季的收成
7. gather vi.聚集；集合vt.聚集；搜集；收割
8. feature vt.以……为特色n.特色；特征；特点
9. fade vi.& vt.逐渐消失；（使）褪色；（身体）变得虚弱
10. typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的
11. medium n.媒介；手段；方法adj.中等的；中号的
12. atmosphere n.气氛；氛围；（地球的）大气（层）
13. envelope n.信封；塑料封套
14. frank adj.坦率的；直率的
15. inner adj.内部的；里面的；内心的
16. region n.地区；区域；地带
17. fancy adj.花哨的；精致的；昂贵的vt.想要；倾慕；自认为是
18. moment n.片刻；瞬间
19. tent n.帐篷
20. brief adj.简洁的；简单的；短暂的
21. branch n.树枝；分支；支流
22. clap vt.鼓掌；拍手；击掌n.鼓掌；拍手；掌声
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. congratulate vt.向（某人）道贺；（因某事）为自己感到自豪→ congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜
2. origin n.起源；起因；出身→ original adj.最初的；原创的；新颖的→ originally adv.本来；原来
3. religion n.宗教；宗教信仰→ religious adj.宗教的；笃信宗教的
4. charm n.魅力；迷人的特征；咒语→ charming adj.令人着迷的；迷人的
5. joy n.高兴；喜悦→ joyful adj.高兴的；快乐的
6. gratitude n.感激之情；感谢→ grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
7. decorate vt.装饰；装潢→ decoration n.装饰；装饰品
8. significance n.重要性；意义→ significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的→ significantly adv.显著地；意味深长地
9. reflect vt.显示；反映；反射→ reflection n.反映；反射；表达
10. believe vt.相信 vi.信任→ belief n.信仰；信心；信任→ believable adj.可以相信的→ unbelievable adj.难以置信的
11. faith n.宗教信仰；信任；相信→ faithful adj.忠诚的；虔诚的→ faithfully adv.忠实地
12. occasion n.特别的事情（或仪式、庆典）；（适当的）机会→ occasional adj.偶然的→ occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地
13. please vt.& vi.使满意；使愉快→ pleased adj.高兴的；满意的→ pleasant/pleasing adj.令人愉快的→ pleasure n.愉快；令人高兴的事
14. represent vt.象征；代表；相当于→ representative n.代表adj.有代表性的
15. grace n.优美；优雅；高雅→ graceful adj.优美的；高雅的
16. absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→ absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
17. respect n.& vt.尊敬；尊重→ respectful adj.恭敬的；表示敬意的→ respectfully adv.尊敬地→ respectable adj.可敬的；体面的→ respected adj.受尊敬的
18. horrible adj.令人震惊的；恐怖的；极坏的→ horror n.畏惧；憎恶；震惊→ horribly adv.恐怖地
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
2.carnival n. 狂欢节；嘉年华
3.costume n. （某地或某历史时期的）服装；戏装
4.riddle n. 谜语；神秘事件
5.make-up n. 化妆品；性格；构成方式
6.agriculture n. 农业；农艺
7.church n. （基督教的）教堂；礼拜堂
8.evil adj. 邪恶的；有害的；罪恶的 n. 邪恶；罪恶；恶行
9.commercial adj. 商业（化）的；以获利为目的的
10.lunar adj. 阴历的；月球的；月亮的
11.eve n. 前夕；前一天
12.merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的
13.pudding n. 布丁； （餐末的）甜食
14.roast adj. 烤的；焙的 vi.& vt. 烘烤；焙
15.turkey n. 火鸡；火鸡肉
16.autonomous adj. 自治的；有自治权的
17.wrestle vi.& vt. 摔跤；奋力对付
18.robe n. 袍服；礼袍
19.eagle n. 雕
20.pot n. 罐；壶；锅
21.wedding n. 婚礼；结婚庆典
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. dress （sb.） up 穿上盛装；装扮
2. after all 毕竟；终究
3. range from ... to ... 包括从……到……之间
4. take place 发生
5. be grateful for 对……心存感激
6. get together 聚集
7. play a significant role in 在……中起重要作用
8. fade away 逐渐消失；（身体）变得虚弱
9. in spite of 不管；尽管
10. take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
11. have sth. in common （兴趣、想法等方面）相同；有相同的特征
12. to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
13. go off 爆炸；走火；离开
14. except for 除……之外
15. set off 出发；动身；启程
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.However， no matter how different they may seem ， all over the world，the spirit of sharing joy， gratitude， love， or peace is common in all festivals.（no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
然而，无论它们看起来有多不同，在世界各地，分享快乐、感激、爱或和平的精神在所有节日中都是常见的。
2.Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. （it作形式宾语）
购物网站和社交媒体应用程序使人们更容易为所爱之人花更多钱购买礼物。
3.Burin told me that Mongolians travel every year from near and far to attend the festival， just as their ancestors had done for centuries .（as引导的方式状语从句）
布林告诉我，就像他们祖先几个世纪以来所做的那样，蒙古人每年都会从四面八方赶来参加这一节日。
4. I heard it is because children are lighter and the horses can run faster and farther.（because引导的表语从句）
我听说这是因为孩子们更轻，马能跑得更快更远。
5.I’m finally back home now， feeling really tired ， but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it.（现在分词作伴随状语）
现在我终于回家了，感觉很累，但和我的朋友一起欢度"那达慕"大会是完全值得的。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.It was a long journey and I was grateful for his company.
2.Which feature do you think is the most important when choosing a car？
3.The people gathered round in the square， curious to know what was happening.
4.Hoping for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you haven’t planted seeds.
5.Use music and lighting to create a romantic atmosphere at a party.
6.During the Spring Festival in China， children often get lucky money in red envelopes from parents and relatives.
7.Jack is late again. It is typical of him to keep others waiting.
8.Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Being pregnant was both painful and joyful for her. Finally， the whole family joyfully welcomed the arrival of the new family member.（joy）
2.We ought to not only be grateful to our parents deep in our hearts but also show our gratitude to them at times. （gratitude）
3.The whole house was decorated with many decorations in Chinese style. （decorate）
4.Many people hold a strong belief that the cure for this disease will be found one day， even if it is unbelievable at present. （believe）
5.My faithful friend has faith in me and he can faithfully support me whenever I’m in need. （faith）
6.A representative system of government is one in which people vote for politicians to represent them. （represent）
7.The headmaster often congratulated her on her good performance when she was in high school and in turn the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.（congratulate）
8.The discovery of new gas fields is of great significance （significant） to the country’s economy.
9.He thought it would be a pleasure if his girlfriend was pleased with his presents — two tickets to fly to a place with a pleasant/pleasing climate.（please）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
have...in common in spite of take advantage of
range from...to... take place play a significant role in
1.They tried their best to take advantage of the chance that their school offered to study hard.
2.Chatting for several hours， the two girls found that they had a lot in common .
3. In spite of her busy schedule， Ariel Lin attended an art exhibition on environmental protection.
4.The contest will take place on June 7 in the lecture hall.
5.We have various gifts to suit all tastes， ranging from flowers to jewellery.
6.Family culture has been playing a significant role in Chinese history.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.每位学生，不管多么有天赋或者多么努力，在学习中总会遇到困难。（no matter how引导的让步状语从句）
Every student， no matter how talented or hard-working（he or she is） ， will come across difficulties in his or her study.
2.我认为每天看英语新闻很重要。（it作形式宾语）
I consider it quite important to read English news every day.
3.你必须像我这样拿工具。（as引导的方式状语从句）
You must try to hold the tool as I do .
4.这是因为你一直在与别人比较，这会导致过多的压力。（because引导的表语从句）
It is because you’re keeping comparing yourself with others ， which leads to too much pressure.
5.他气喘吁吁地来到学校，大汗淋漓。（现在分词作伴随状语）
He arrived at school breathlessly， sweating heavily .
Festivals， generally representing cultural and ethnic diversity， are celebrated all around the world. They are occasions when people dress up in traditional costumes， attend ceremonies， decorate their houses， express or receive blessings， love， respect， gratitude， or congratulations and so on， usually in a joyful atmosphere.
Festivals have a wide range of origins， such as the seasons of the year， religions， famous figures and important events. Of all the traditional festivals， the harvest festival can be found in almost every culture. This agricultural festival takes place after all the crops have been gathered in. People set off to celebrate， showing they are grateful for the year’s supply of food.
Customs play a significant role in festivals but sometimes they can change over time. With the development of modern society and the spread of new ideas， some traditions may fade away and others may be established. However， festivals are becoming more and more commercial， with businesses taking advantage of the celebrations.
In general， festivals reflect people’s wishes， beliefs， faiths and attitudes towards life. Studying festivals carefully， you may be surprised to realize that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
1 congratulation n.祝贺；恭喜
1.[译林必修②－2] Congratulations （congratulate）！You have just taken your first step towards a new and improved you！
（1）congratulation表示抽象意义的"祝贺"时，为不可数名词，如a letter of congratulation；表示祝词、贺词时，为可数名词，常用复数形式。（2）注意本句中的"new"和"improved"分别为形容词和过去分词作前置定语，共同修饰核心词"you"。
2.[人教必修③－1]Miss， congratulations on becoming an adult！
3.我写信是为了祝贺你在英语演讲比赛中的出色表现。 （祝贺信）
→①I’m writing to express/offer/send my congratulations to you for your excellent performance in the English speech contest. （congratulation）
→②I’m writing to congratulate you on your excellent performance in the English speech contest.（congratulate）
★express/offer/send one’s congratulations to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人致以祝贺 a letter of congratulation 一封贺信 congratulations on sth.祝贺某事 ★congratulate vt. 祝贺 congratulate sb. on （doing） sth. 祝贺某人（做了）某事
2 range n.一系列；范围，界限 vi.包括；（在一定范围内）变化
1.With the help of the Internet， people can have quick and easy access to a huge amount of information， ranging from the weather to military affairs （从天气到军事事务）.
2.Although her description sounded wonderful， the car was beyond/outside/out of our price range （超出了我们的价格范围），so we declined.
该句中的decline在此表示"拒绝"。句意：虽然她的描述听起来很好，但这辆车的价格超出了我们的价格范围，所以我们拒绝了。
3.在这个节日里，我参与了从戏剧表演到艺术作品展览等各种精彩活动。 （活动介绍）
At the festival，I got involved in a wide range of amazing activities from drama performance to art works exhibition.
★a whole/wide/broad/full range of各种各样的 in/within range （of sth.）在（……）可及的范围内；在视觉（或听觉）范围内 out of/outside/beyond range （of sth.）超出（……的）范围 ★range from...to.../range between...and...包括从……到……之间，在……到……之间变化
3 figure n.人物；人影；身材；雕像；数字；算术；图，表；图形 vt.认为（think/guess）；计算 vi.出现，包括（在……中）
5.Only if you stick to a balanced diet and regular exercise can you keep your figure （你才能保持体形）. （建议信）
"only＋状语从句"位于句首时，后面的主句需使用部分倒装，即把be动词/助动词/情态动词提到主语前面。
6.[译林选必②－3]We have to figure out （弄明白） how to keep the technology from running wild.
★figure out弄清楚，弄明白；计算出 figure that...认为…… ★keep one’s figure保持体形
4 reflect vt.显示，表明（show）；映出（影像）；反射（声、光等） vt.& vi.沉思
4.[北师必修③－9]We need to train ourselves to be better learners — to actively take part in the learning process and to reflect on/upon what we have learnt.
5.[译林必修②－3]She looked at her reflection （reflect） in the mirror carefully again.
6.你将主要学习唐诗，它反映了中文的美以及中国的传统文化。 （中国文化）
You will mainly learn Tang poems， which reflect the beauty of the Chinese language and traditional Chinese culture . （定语从句）
★reflect sb./sth. in sth.在……中映出……的影像 reflect on/upon认真思考；反省 ★reflection n.显示；映像；反射；沉思 self-reflection n.反省 ★reflective adj.反射的，反光的；反映……的，代表的；沉思的
5 represent vt.象征，表示；代表（on behalf of）；相当于（be equal to）；描述，描绘
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[人教选必②－2]They told me that in China， people won’t celebrate a birthday without these noodles， because long noodles represent the longevity of life. 表示，象征
②All the nations of the world will be represented at the conference. 代表
③These pictures represent the landscapes of my hometown at all seasons of the year. 描绘
④This figure， which represents 40％ of the company’s expenses， is rising rapidly. 相当于
2.On Friday， representatives （represent） from all over the country attended the ceremony.
3.As we all know， classic literature is the representation （represent） of our outstanding art.
第2题中的representative是名词，意为"代表"，指人；在be representative of sth.结构中，representative是形容词，意为"有代表性的"。第3题中的representation也是名词，表示"代表"，指"代表"这个动作或者事实，多为不可数名词。
4. Representing/On behalf of all the teachers and students in our school （代表我们全校的师生）， I’d like to extend a warm welcome to our visitors. （演讲稿）
★representative adj.典型的；有代表性的 n.代表；典型人物 ★representation n.代表；描绘；抗议
6 respect n.尊敬；尊重；方面（aspect） vt.尊敬；尊重；遵守
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[人教选必④－5]I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society， and I hope I can make some contribution in that respect. n.方面
②It is about time that tour operators respected the law and their own code of conduct. v.遵守
2.[外研选必③－2]Such objects are produced through a combination of skill， respect for materials， devotion to tradition， and focus on the task.
3.[人教选必③－1]The art competition gives young artists a chance to gain recognition from the most respected （respect） art professionals.
4.我们的英语老师是我最尊敬的人之一。我因她渊博的知识和耐心而尊敬她。 （人物介绍）
Our English teacher is one of the people I respect most . I respect her for her wide knowledge and patience .
5.请代我向你的家人致意。 （信件结尾）
Please give my respects to your family.
★respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事而尊敬…… ★have/show respect for sb./sth.尊敬某人/某事 give/pay one’s respects to sb.向某人表示敬意 in this respect在这方面 in respect of/with respect to至于，关于 ★respected adj.受尊敬的 respectable adj.体面的，可敬的；可观的 respectful adj.表示敬意的，尊敬的
7 dress （sb.） up 穿上盛装；装扮；装饰，掩饰
1.To her joy， the party is informal， so she doesn’t need to dress up .
2.He dressed up as an eagle on this occasion to play tricks on other kids.
3.She is often wearing yellow， which makes her look more energetic.
→ She is often dressed in yellow， making her look more energetic. （dress， 分词短语作状语）
4.[译林必修②－3]There were hundreds of guests， all dressed up in formal， colourful clothes （穿着正式、多彩的衣服）.
表示"穿……颜色"用be dressed in，不需要加up；而表示"穿（正装）"，则要用be dressed up in，需要加up。表示穿正装还可直接用dress，如：Do they expect us to dress for dinner？ 他们希望我们穿正式服装赴宴吗？
★dress （sb./oneself） up as... （把某人/自己）装扮成…… be dressed up in 穿上（正装）；穿上（特别的服装）装扮 ★dress sb./oneself （in ＋衣服）给某人/自己穿（上……）衣服 be/get dressed in ＋ 衣服/颜色 穿着…… ★dress穿（宾语是人） put on 穿上，戴上（强调动作） wear穿着，戴着（强调状态，后可跟颜色、衣服、鞋袜、配饰、香水等） be in穿着……（强调状态，后可跟颜色）
8 take advantage of 利用；欺骗；占……的便宜
1.You should take full advantage of daytime或make good/full use of daytime或make the most of daytime （充分利用白天的时间） in order not to stay up late at night.
2.我相信我比其他人更有优势，因为我有在一家当地的疗养院当3年志愿者的经验。
（申请信）
→①I’m confident that I am at/have an advantage over others because of my three-year voluntary experience at a local nursing home.
→②I’m confident that my three-year voluntary experience at a local nursing home gives me an advantage over others .
3.在线学习有利也有弊。 （正反观点）
Online learning has its advantages and disadvantages.
★（近）make （good/full） use of（充分）利用 make the most of充分利用 ★advantages and disadvantages利与弊 be at/have an advantage over胜过，优于 sth. gives sb. an advantage 某事/物使某人有优势 be to one’s advantage对某人有利
9 set off出发（set out）；使（炸弹等）爆炸；拉响（警报）；引发，激起
3.We gathered at the school gate at 8 a.m. and then set off for the camping spot by bus. The moment we arrived there， we set up camp， near which we set aside an area for playing in the evening. After that， we set out to fish. A silent competition began in the breeze（微风）. The weight of fish each person caught in two hours was set down . Simon won out at last， so what he needed to do was only set the table when we set about cooking dinner. That unforgettable day away from the city ended up when we set off some fireworks and danced joyfully beneath a starry sky.
"搭帐篷"用set up camp或put up a tent；搭建临时建筑用set up或put up均可，但set up 不用于搭建永久性的建筑。set out后跟to do，set about后跟doing，因为about为介词。
4.Her diligence（勤奋） is most impressive， and sets an example to us all （为我们所有人树立了榜样）. （人物描写）
★set off作"出发"讲时为不及物动词短语，其他义项均为及物动词短语，后可直接跟宾语。 set off for someplace动身去某地 ★set up建立；安排；开办；引发 set out （to do）/set about doing着手做 set aside留出，省出；置……于不顾 set down记下；制定（规则等） set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
10 现在分词作伴随状语
1.During these years， he led a hard life， writing （write） poems about the events he witnessed.
"过着艰辛的生活"和"写诗"两个动作同时发生，该句可扩展为：During these years， he led a hard life and wrote poems about the events he witnessed.
2.The young man looked her straight in the eye， waiting for an answer （等待着答案）. （读后续写之神态描写）
3.Wild with joy， he rose to his feet immediately， ran out of the room and hugged me tightly， shouting loudly/at the top of his voice （高声喊叫）. （读后续写之动作描写）
★现在分词作伴随状语，表示伴随谓语动作发生的动作，通常相当于并列分句。 ★高考写作中常可使用现在分词作伴随状语对简单的并列句进行升级（若表示一连串的动作，则使用并列的动词更佳）。
词根-spect-
本单元：re-（再，又）＋-spect-（看）→一再注视→respect 尊敬
拓展：
从下列方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
expect prospect suspect aspect perspective
1.[人教选必④－5]The prospect of welcoming exchange students to our country is very exciting， and I am keen to use my skills to give them a warm welcome and an experience they will always remember.
2.[人教必修①－4]Thousands of people are still missing， and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.
3.[北师选必③－9]The DNA is stored in a database， where policemen can find the same or similar DNA to track down suspects and victims.
4.[北师选必②－6]From my perspective ， it seems that you are constantly checking your phone for notifications or messages.
5.[人教选必④－5]With my proficiency in Chinese calligraphy， I could also conduct classes for your visitors to help them learn more about this beautiful aspect of Chinese culture.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly （significant） more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
2.[2023浙江1月]They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural （agriculture） economy.
3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]...and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
4.[2020天津]The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping （clap） for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
此处是have sb. doing sth.结构，表示"使某人一直做某事"。注意clap的现在分词形式要先双写p，再加-ing。
5.[2020北京]My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail.
句意：我对人性的信仰从来没有像上周末我们在维尔镇举行家庭聚会后那样强烈。faith后常跟介词in，表示"对……信任，信仰"；该句为so...as...引导的比较状语从句。
6.[2020江苏]Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.身材 B. n.雕像
C. v.认为 D. n.数字
①[2022全国乙]Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge， according to Treasury figures. D
treasury[C]意为"（城堡等中的）金银财宝库，宝库"，此处大写表示"（英、美等国家的）财政部"。
②[2020天津] Vinnie’s face turned red. She realized she looked like a child， with her tiny figure. A
③[2020天津]Making a full-length clay（黏土） figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！ B
④[全国Ⅱ] I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. C
2.
A. 映出，反映 B. 沉思
C. 显示，表达 D. 反射（声、光等）
①[2022全国乙]Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief that "I can see you only if you can see me， too." C
②[2021北京]History is a mirror reflecting reality. A
③[全国Ⅱ]"I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，" he said. B
④[全国Ⅲ]But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks（山峰） into the valley below. D
3.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Push through， give it time and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. v.获取，收获
（1）harvest除了可以表示农业意义上的"收割，收获（庄稼）；捕猎（动物、鱼）"，还可表示"获取"。（2）"push through"意为竭尽所能、排除困难做某事，"put in sth." 意为投入（时间、精力）。
4.[2023浙江1月]The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often featured beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars（柱子）. v.以……为特色
feature还有"由……主演"之意。如：It’s a great movie and it features a Spanish actor who is going to be a world star within a year.这是一部精彩的影片，主演是一位西班牙演员，他不出一年就会成为国际巨星。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——成人礼活动
[2020天津改编]假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括：
1.成人礼活动内容（成长点滴回顾、观看校友为社会做贡献的录像等）；
2.对活动的感受；
3.对自己未来的展望。
参考词汇：成人礼the coming-of-age ceremony
◎写作要点
1.关于你提到的成人礼活动，我很高兴与你分享以下细节。（ceremony， pleased）
On the coming-of-age ceremony you mentioned， I’m pleased to share the details with you as follows.
2.成人礼活动于6月8日举行，所有高三学生都盛装汇集在我们学校的礼堂里。（gather， dress up）
The coming-of-age ceremony was held on June 8， with all seniors gathering in our school hall， dressed up.
3.首先，我们观看了许多视频，它们记录了我们成长中的悲欢时刻。（joyful， moment）
First， we watched many videos recording the joyful and sorrowful moments of our growth.
4.学生们借此机会向父母、老师和朋友表达感谢。（take advantage of， gratitude）
Students took advantage of the opportunity to express gratitude to their parents， teachers and friends.
5.视频深深地打动了我，以至于我决心成为一个像他们一样可靠的人，对此我有信心。（faith）
The video moved me so deeply that I was determined to be a reliable person like them， in which I have faith.
6.从现在开始，不管前方有什么样的挑战，我都是一个即将踏上新征程的年轻的成年人了。（set off， in spite of）
From now on， I am a young adult setting off for a new journey， in spite of the challenges ahead.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
I’m so glad to hear from you. On the coming-of-age ceremony you mentioned， I’m pleased to share the details with you as follows.
The coming-of-age ceremony was held on June 8， with all seniors gathering in our school hall， dressed up. First， we watched many videos recording the joyful and sorrowful moments of our growth. At the end of this part， students took advantage of the opportunity to express gratitude to their parents， teachers and friends. Then， a video about former graduates’ contributions to society was shown to us. It moved me so deeply that I was determined to be a reliable person like them， in which I have faith. From now on， I am a young adult setting off for a new journey， in spite of the challenges ahead.
Thank you for your concern. Keep in touch！
Yours，
Li Jin
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之尴尬与羞愧
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 awkward， ashamed， shameful， embarrassed； shame， embarrassment 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.我为自己发了这么大的脾气而感到极为惭愧。 I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 2.他被两个警察架着，羞愧地低着头，从人群中走过。 He was held by two policemen， lowering his head in shame ， and walked through the crowd. （现在分词作状语） 3.他转过身去，假装看向窗外，希望没有人注意到他有多尴尬。 He turned around and pretended to look out of the window， hoping no one would notice how embarrassed/awkward he was . 4.约翰为没有信守承诺向玛丽道歉，他脸上露出尴尬的表情。 John apologized to Mary for not keeping his promise， with an embarrassed look on his face .（with复合结构） 5.在全班同学面前被批评，他窘得满脸通红，感觉仿佛全世界都在注视着他。 Being criticized in front of the whole class， he felt his cheeks burning/glowing/flushing/blushing with embarrassment ， feeling as if the whole world were watching him. 6.妈妈的眼神似乎在说她已经知道了真相。我本应该对她诚实。我羞愧掩面，不敢直视她的眼睛。 Mom’s eyes seemed to say she had already known the truth. I should have been honest with her. I covered my face in shame ， afraid to look her straight in the eye. （第一空should have done）
词 组 1.be ashamed of... 对……感到尴尬/羞愧 2.to one’s shame令某人羞愧的是 3.put sb. to shame使某人自愧不如 4.cover one’s face in shame羞愧掩面 5.hang/bow/lower/drop one’s head in shame羞愧地低下头 6.glow/blush/flush/burn with embarrassment/shame 窘得/羞愧得满脸通红 7.with an embarrassed look on one’s face脸上露出尴尬的表情 8.shame sb. into silence使某人羞愧到闭嘴
佳 句 1."Sorry， Mom， please forgive me，" I whispered to her， with tears running down my face， ashamed of myself."对不起，妈妈，请原谅我。"我低声对她说，泪水顺着我的脸颊流了下来。我为自己感到羞愧。 2.She suddenly realized everyone was watching her， embarrassment written all over her red face.她突然意识到大家都在看着她，涨红的脸上写满了尴尬。 3.An embarrassed silence fell in the room. It seemed all the people were holding their breath.房间里陷入一阵尴尬的沉默，似乎所有人都屏住了呼吸。
一、阅读理解
A
[中华传统/2024云南开远开学考]Elaine Su shared her experience of asking her neighbors to put up Chinese Lunar New Year decorations to help her two-year-old son experience the festival as part of the large community. In a neighborhood mostly consisting of non-Chinese residents， more than half of the households observed the tradition as well.
Interviewing her about the story provoked my own memories of celebrating Chinese Lunar New Year. The holiday was a big deal for me as a kid growing up in Jiangsu.
Legend says the holiday originated with the fight against a mythical beast called Nian， who came down from the mountains to hunt people on New Year’s Eve. Villagers discovered that Nian feared the colour red， candle light and loud noise. So they began to decorate their houses in the vibrant hue， light their homes with lanterns and set off firecrackers to prevent its return.
On New Year’s Eve， my family would come together to celebrate with food prepared by my grandma. Moments before the countdown， the sound of firecrackers would fill every corner of our apartment and the celebrations continued into the next day.
For breakfast， we would eat yuanxiao， a kind of glutinous rice ball， which symbolizes the idea of reunion. Then， we set off to visit my grandparents， who were already awaiting us with lucky money and more traditional delicacies！
My favourite part of the holiday came when the adults were playing mahjong. My cousins and I were finally freed from our parents. With all the lucky money， we hit the streets and bought more snacks and firecrackers！
Having been in Canada for years， I further lost touch with my Chinese culture as I gradually dived into my new life in a new country. Maybe it’s time for me， like her， to reclaim Chinese Lunar New Year.
本文主要讲述了作者通过采访Elaine Su在另一个国家庆祝中国农历新年，回忆起了自己庆祝中国农历新年的事情。
1.What can we infer about Elaine Su from paragraph 1？
A. She missed her family in China very much.
B. She forced her son to accept Chinese customs.
C. She shared her happy memories with her neighbors.
D. She celebrated Chinese Lunar New Year in another country.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第一段"Elaine Su shared her experience of asking her neighbors to put up Chinese Lunar New Year decorations to help her two-year-old son experience the festival as part of the large community. In a neighborhood mostly consisting of non-Chinese residents， more than half of the households observed the tradition as well"可推知，Elaine Su在另一个国家庆祝中国农历新年，故选D。
2.What does the underlined word "provoked" in paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Stirred up. B. Wiped out.
C. Took after. D. Set down.
解析 A 词义猜测题。结合画线词所在句以及下文作者对自己过年的经历的描述可知，Elaine Su的故事让作者忆起自己庆祝中国农历新年的经历。再结合四个选项不难推知，画线词的意思应该是"激起"，故本题选A。
3.How does the author develop the text？
A. By analyzing studies.
B. By answering questions.
C. By explaining factors.
D. By sharing experiences.
解析 D 写作手法题。由第二段中的"Interviewing her about the story provoked my own memories of celebrating Chinese Lunar New Year"、第四段中的"On New Year’s Eve， my family would come together to celebrate with food prepared by my grandma"、第五段中的"For breakfast， we would eat yuanxiao， a kind of glutinous rice ball， which symbolizes the idea of reunion"以及第六段中的"My favourite part of the holiday came when the adults were playing mahjong"可推知，作者通过分享自己的经历来展开文章，故选D。
4.What can be the best title for the text？
A. The Origin of Chinese Lunar New Year
B. The Spring Festival Stored in My Memory
C. An Unforgettable Interview on New Year’s Eve
D. A Chinese Celebrating the Spring Festival Abroad
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的"Interviewing her about...my own memories of celebrating Chinese Lunar New Year"和最后一段中的"Maybe it’s time for me， like her， to reclaim Chinese Lunar New Year"可知，文章主要讲述了作者通过采访Elaine Su在另一个国家庆祝中国农历新年，回忆起了自己庆祝中国农历新年的事情。由此可知，B项（记忆中的春节） 做文章标题最佳。
B
[2023陕西安康质量监测]Immersed（沉浸） in folk， tradition， culture， religion， and digital arts， the Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown （DLR）Festival of World Cultures presented a various program of concerts & club nights， fairs & markets， performances， street events， workshops， and was Ireland’s first Global Carnival.
The Festival was committed to presenting a wide mix of world artists as well as offering a "passport to the world" program of events， many of which were free to all. Staged throughout the historic port town of Dún Laoghaire， the DLR Festival of World Cultures was an annual international arts festival celebrating cultural diversity.
New this year， are an exciting range of themed events， which include the anticipated Feast Americana that offers a banquet of live music and food in celebration of the typical American country fair. The new Health and Harmony fair offers a chance to regain control of your well-being， while Salon Culture offers traditional decoration techniques！
A definite highlight will be the spectacular audio-visual show Hotel Kiev， a night time visual montage（蒙太奇） projected onto the front wall of the Royal Marine Hotel. The show features a live performance by the fascinating Ukrainian quartet（四重奏乐团） DakhaBrakha，who last year received standing applause on the main stage.
The Festival would not be complete without the Global Village， in association with Oxfam Ireland， the World Dance Plaza and the Mela festival in celebration of South Asian Arts. Now in its 9th year， the Festival attracts over 250，000 people， making it Ireland’s largest intercultural celebration. With a diverse world music line-up， food fairs， art exhibitions， workshops and cultural demonstrations as well as a Festival newspaper and nightly Festival Club where Irish artists jam with world musicians， this family-friendly celebration is a round-trip ticket to a world of culture.
And， with over 90％ of the events free of charge， the Festival is the top value-for-money event on the summer calendar， appealing to all the senses as well as to the wallet.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了爱尔兰的节日DLR世界文化节。
1. Which can best describe the DLR Festival of World Cultures？
A. Diverse. B. Free.
C. Crowded. D. Valuable.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第一段内容不难得知，DLR世界文化节是丰富多彩的，故本题选A。
【易错点拨】 一些学生可能会根据最后一段中的"the Festival is the top value-for-money event"而误选D项。D项valuable意为"有价值的"，而此处指"90％的活动是免费的，但这个节日是最值得花钱的活动"，通过这句话推断D项是断章取义了。
2. Which is probably the most eye-catching event？
A. The Feast Americana.
B. The Health and Harmony fair.
C. Salon Culture.
D. The Hotel Kiev show.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"A definite highlight will be the spectacular audio-visual show Hotel Kiev， a night time visual montage（蒙太奇） projected onto the front wall of the Royal Marine Hotel"可知，本题选D。
3. What can we know about the Festival from the text？
A. It has a history of several decades.
B. Sports and health are involved in the carnival.
C. It is worthwhile to attend it.
D. The heavy traffic jam is part of the large celebration.
解析 C 推理判断题。由最后一段"And， with over 90％ of the events free of charge， the Festival is the top value-for-money event on the summer calendar， appealing to all the senses as well as to the wallet"可推知，该节日值得参加，故本题选C。
【易错点拨】 一些学生可能会误选A项，忽略了原文第五段中的"Now in its 9th year"，此处说明了该节日还不足十年，故A项"该节日有几十年的历史"是错误的。
4. What is the purpose of the text？
A. To introduce the Festival to the world.
B. To encourage artists to visit and stay in Ireland.
C. To attract live performances to the Royal Marine Hotel.
D. To promote the cultures of South Asian Arts.
解析 A 意图推断题。文章介绍了爱尔兰DLR世界文化节的举办地、特点、内容、影响以及今年的亮点等，这些都是对该文化节的介绍和宣传，所以文章的目的自然是介绍这个节日，故选A。
二、七选五
[2024重庆一中10月阶段考]Celebrations， after the pattern of Thomas Alva Edison’s famous quote， often appear to be one percent inspiration and 99 percent preparation. 1 Many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and attend public celebrations.
2 Logic suggests the first public celebrations were related to the patterns of existence. In hunter-gatherer societies， success in the search for food and shelter must have triggered the need to celebrate together. The earliest parades may have been processions of successful hunters returning to a joyful welcome by their thankful families. 3 And they served a broader social purpose.
Parades and other public celebrations have also become important economic events worldwide. In some places， the commercial aspect has made us forget the original reason for the celebration. 4 It was a festival on the day before the solemn six-week religious period known as Lent. Now lots of visitors attend the celebrations in Venice. Most of the city’s inhabitants would leave the city’s public areas to the crowds of tourists. But their purchases of meals， accommodations， and Carnival masks bring great sums of money into the economy of the city. One cannot blame the tourists. 5
Throughout history， the experience of a heartfelt celebration is always worth the time and money spent on planning， preparing， organizing， and carrying out an event. The priority given to celebrating seems to put it alongside food， shelter， love， and freedom as a fundamental need of humanity.
A. Take the Carnival celebrations in Venice for example.
B. People around the world take celebrating seriously.
C. Gradually， such celebrations became more regular and formal.
D. They are attracted by Venice’s unique and undeniable magic.
E. This does not mean modern celebrations are not socially conscious.
F. Exactly when and where humans began celebrating as a group is unknown.
G. There are records of religious parades and processions dating back to 3，000 BC.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了庆祝活动的起源、经济作用以及组织庆祝活动的意义。
1.B "Many of them are willing to go to great effort and expense to plan and attend public celebrations"是B项（People around the world take celebrating seriously）的具体表现。
【技巧点拨】 空后的"are willing to go to great effort and expense"表示"愿意花时间和精力"，B项中的"take celebrating seriously"表示"严肃认真对待庆祝"，这两者含义一致，为同义复现。
2.F 第二段空后的部分是针对"庆祝活动起源于何时、何地"展开的，所以F项填在此处符合语境。
3.C 空前的句子提及了最早的公开庆祝活动，而C项指出了庆祝活动变得越发频繁和正式，C项放在此处的话，前后句子之间能体现出"庆祝活动的发展"；而空后的句子应是对C项的进一步说明。C项中的"such celebrations"指前面提到的家人感激猎人狩猎成功归来而举行的庆祝活动；空后的"they"指代C项中的"such celebrations"。
4.A A项放在此处能起到承上启下的作用，它承接"In some places， the commercial aspect has made us forget the original reason for the celebration"而来，是针对该句举的例子；而空后的内容是对A项的进一步说明。空后的"It"指代A 项中的"the Carnival celebrations"。
5.D "One can’t blame the tourists"与D项（They are attracted by Venice’s unique and undeniable magic）之间是因果关系。D项中的"They"指代空前的"tourists"。
【技巧点拨】 利用代词指代解题是做七选五常用的解题技巧之一。代词通常指代前面提及的名词、短语、句子等，根据代词的单复数形式、代词表意一致性和连贯性等可快速锁定答案。如上第3、4、5题都可通过代词指代来解题。
三、完形填空
[2024黑龙江哈尔滨三中开学考]It’s said that Mother’s Day was first suggested in the United States by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 as a day dedicated to peace after the Franco Prussian War. The holiday gained its 1 mainly due to the efforts of Anna M. Jarvis.
Anna began a letter-writing 2 to gain support for a national Mother’s Day holiday when her mother passed away in 1905. 3 influential leaders， including William Taft， Theodore Roosevelt， and John Wanamaker， Anna poured out a stream of requests for support of the idea. She believed， mothers 4 their own special day and that it would help strengthen family bonds.
She 5 a religious organization in West Virginia to celebrate Mother’s Day on the second anniversary of her mother’s 6 ， the 2nd Sunday of May. By 1911， Mother’s Day was celebrated in almost every state， and flowers quickly became a lasting 7 to express love on the occasion. In 1914， Congress 8 a law designating the second Sunday in May as Mother’s Day， "a public 9 of love and respect for the mothers of our country". President Woodrow Wilson issued the statement， making it a（n） 10 US holiday.
But Anna’s accomplishment soon turned 11 for her. Annoyed by the 12 of the holiday， she filed a lawsuit（诉讼） to stop a 1923 Mother’s Day festival and was even arrested for 13 the peace at a war mothers’ conference where women sold white carnations（康乃馨） — Anna’s symbol for mothers — to raise money， "This is not what I 14 ，" Jarvis said. "I wanted it to be a day of sentiment， not 15 ！"
Today Mother’s Day has become a very popular holiday in the USA.
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了安娜在母亲去世后通过努力使母亲节在美国流行并成为官方节日的故事。
1. A. liberty B. freedom
C. independence D. popularity
解析 D 该节日的流行（popularity）主要是因为安娜的努力。liberty自由，freedom自由，independence独立。
2. A. plot B. campaign
C. attempt D. trip
解析 B 1905年，安娜的母亲去世后，安娜开始了一场写信运动（campaign），与下文中的"Anna poured out a stream of requests for support of the idea"衔接，说明安娜开始不断写信争取官方对母亲节这一想法的支持。plot情节，attempt尝试，trip旅行。
3. A. Reaching out to B. Giving in to
C. Coming up with D. Breaking away from
解析 A 安娜联系（Reaching out to）了包括威廉·塔夫脱、西奥多·罗斯福和约翰·奥纳梅克在内的有影响力的领导人，提出了一系列支持这一想法的请求。
4. A. observed B. marked
C. spent D. deserved
解析 D 她认为，母亲们值得（deserved）拥有她们自己的特殊节日，这有助于加强家庭纽带。observe观察，mark标记，spend花费。
5. A. expected B. persuaded
C. ordered D. begged
解析 B 她说服（persuaded）西弗吉尼亚州的一个宗教组织在她母亲去世两周年的纪念日，即5月的第二个星期天庆祝母亲节。expect期盼，预计；order命令；beg乞求。
6. A. illness B. death
C. recovery D. operation
解析 B 参见上题解析。death死亡。
7. A. habit B. manner
C. mode D. tradition
解析 D 到1911年，几乎每个州都庆祝母亲节，鲜花很快成了在这个场合表达爱的持久传统（tradition）。habit习惯，manner方式，mode模式。
8. A. passed B. declined
C. denied D. received
解析 A 1914年，国会通过（passed）了一项法律，将5月的第二个星期日定为母亲节，以"公开表达对母亲的爱和尊重"。decline拒绝，deny否认，receive收到。
9. A. impression B. expression
C. discussion D. conclusion
解析 B 参见上题解析。expression表达，表示。
10. A. natural B. physical
C. official D. racial
解析 C 伍德罗·威尔逊总统发表了这一声明，使其成为美国的官方（official）节日。natural自然的，physical身体的，racial种族的。
11. A. bitter B. sweet
C. ripe D. joyful
解析 A 但安娜的成就很快让她感到痛苦（bitter）。
12. A. globalization B. organization
C. civilization D. commercialization
解析 D 由于对这个节日的商业化（commercialization）感到不满，她提起诉讼，要求停止1923年的母亲节庆祝活动，甚至还因扰乱（disturbing）和平而被捕。
13. A. disturbing B. creating
C. making D. designing
解析 A 根据空前的"arrested for"可知，空处应填含有贬义色彩的词汇，选项中只有disturb"扰乱"符合语境。create创造，make制作，design设计。
14. A. purchased B. cherished
C. intended D. evaluated
解析 C 在那次会议上，妇女们出售白色康乃馨来筹集资金。贾维斯说："这不是我的本意。"purchase购买，cherish珍视，intend想要，evaluate评估。C项符合语境。
15. A. profit B. victory
C. sadness D. labor
解析 A 我希望这是一个充满感情的日子，而不是赚钱的日子。profit利润，收益；victory胜利；sadness悲伤，难过；labor劳动。A项符合语境。UNIT 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. virtue n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
2. faint vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的
3. precious adj.珍稀的；宝贵的
4. union n.协会；联合会；工会
5. hire vt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用
6. colleague n.同事；同僚
7. clinic n.诊所；门诊部
8. faraway adj.遥远的
9. decade n.十年；十年期
10. elsewhere adv.在别处；去别处
11. publish vt.发表（作品）；出版
12. staff n.员工；全体职员
13. fee n.专业服务费；报酬
14. principle n.道德原则；法则；原则
15. passive adj.被动的；顺从的
16. replace vt.接替；取代；更换
17. whisper vi.& vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语（声）
18. midnight n.子夜；午夜
19. bite vt.& vi.咬；叮；蜇 n.咬
20. lip n.嘴唇
21. chairman n.主席；主持人；董事长
22. waitress n.（餐馆的）女服务员；女侍者
23. spill vt.& vi.（使）洒出；（使）溢出
24. limp vi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走
25. tear n.眼泪；泪水
26. despair n.绝望vi.绝望；感到无望
27. court n.（网球等的）球场；法院；法庭
28. income n.收入；收益
29. per prep.每；每一
30. therefore adv.因此；所以
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. illustrate vt.（举例）说明；阐明；给（书或文章）加插图→ illustration n.插图；图解；图示→ illustrator n.插图画家
2. marriage n.结婚；婚姻→ marry vi.& vt.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶
3. major adj.主要的；重要的→ majority n.大部分；大多数
4. complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→ complaint n.抱怨
5. respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ response n.反应；回答；回复
6. scholar n.学者→ scholarship n.奖学金
7. reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→ rejection n.拒绝接受；否决
8. appoint vt.任命；委派→ appointment n.约会；任命→ appointed adj.约定的；指定的
9. elect vt.选举；推选→ election n.选举；推选；当选
10. tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于→ tendency n.趋势；趋向
11. retire vt.& vi.退休；退职；退出→ retired adj.退休的→ retirement n.退休
12. save vt.救 vi.& vt.节省；储蓄→ saving n.节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
13. scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→ scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的
14. sharp adj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→ sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地→ sharpen vt.削尖；磨快 vi.& vt.（使）提高
15. energy n.精力；活力；能量→ energetic adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
16. accident n.事故；车祸；失事→ accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→ accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地
17. operate vi.工作；运转；动手术 vt.操作→ operation n.手术；企业；经营→ operator n.操作员
18. assist vt.帮助；援助→ assistance n.帮助；协助→ assistant n.助手；助理；售货员
19. memory n.记忆力；回忆→ memorize/memorise vt.记住；记忆
20. harm n.& vt.伤害；损害→ harmful adj.有害的→ harmless adj.无害的
21. flexible adj.灵活的；可变通的→ flexibly adv.灵活地→ flexibility n.灵活性
22. tense adj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的→ tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.moral adj. 道德的；道义上的 n. 品行；道德；寓意
2.dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
3.entrust vt. 委托；交付
4.physician n. 医师； （尤指）内科医生
5.kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
6.insurance n. 保险；保险业
7.import n. 进口；进口商品 vt. 进口；输入；引进
8.export n. 出口；出口商品 vt. 出口；输出；传播
9.pole n. （行星的）极；地极
10.lap n. （坐着时的）大腿部；（跑道等的）一圈
11.chain n. 一连串（人或事）；链子；链条
12.café n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆
13.pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
14.disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖 n. 伪装；化装用具
15.maple n. 枫树；槭树
16.cart n. 手推车；运货马车
17.might n. 力量；威力
18.fable n. 寓言；寓言故事
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. carry sb. through sth. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
3. play a key role 发挥关键作用
4. care for 关心
5. be responsible for 对……负责
6. be known as 作为……而出名
7. in one’s lifetime 在某人一生中
8. pass away 去世
9. in memory of 作为对……的纪念
10. trip over 被……绊倒
11. in tears 流着泪；含着泪
12. in despair 处于绝望中
13. a great deal （of） 大量
14. look into 调查；研究
15. complain about 抱怨
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.To a person nothing is more precious than their life ...（"否定词＋比较级"表示最高级意义）
对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加宝贵的了……
2.She responded，" I’d rather stay single to study all my life！"（would rather do ）
她回答说："我宁愿保持单身来学习一辈子！"
3.The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role .（see意为"见证"的拟人用法）
新中国见证了林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。
4.Though Lin Qiaozhi never married，she was known as the "mother of ten thousand babies"， having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. （having done 作状语）
尽管林巧稚从未结婚，但她被称为"万婴之母"。她一生中接生了5万多个婴儿。
5.Dr Lin did not retire until the day she died ， 22 April 1983.（not...until）
林医生直到1983年4月22日去世那天才退休。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.As is known to us， it’s a virtue （美德） to give a hand to those in need， especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
2.She won the scholarship （奖学金） for her remarkable performance.
3.I can’t wait to seize this precious （宝贵的） opportunity to improve myself.
4.He gave up the struggle with his shortcomings in despair ； however， he found a brighter future later.
5.First of all， it’s easier to replace it than to spend time and money repairing it.
6.The young woman is operating a store of her own，so she has rather flexible working hours. She can come at any time.
7.In the past few decades ， great progress has been made in the field of space exploration.
8.We elected him as monitor of our class by voting.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.He tried to join the army but was rejected because of his rejection of medical examinations. （reject）
2.Girls majoring in English Literature in our department are in the majority .（major）
3.The boy is always energetic . I’m curious to know where his energy comes from. （energy）
4.He complained to us that his complaint about the poor service of the restaurant had been ignored.（complain）
5.We were all scared to death when we found the ground was shaking. It’s so scary ！ （scare）
6.The group has to memorize a poem in memory of the great leader by next Monday. （memory）
7.Doctors operated on the injured person immediately， and the operation was very successful. （operate）
8.When the manager needed someone to assist him， his assistant（s） came to his assistance . （assist）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
in memory of tend to do trip over
carry sb. through a great deal of
1.Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.
2.When people begin a new stage of life， they tend to do something different.
3.We will build a monument in memory of those who sacrificed their lives for our country.
4.It’s tough， and we’re relying on you to carry us through .
5.He tried to follow Jack’s footsteps in the snow but tripped over a stone.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.当我筋疲力尽的时候，没有什么比听莫扎特的音乐更让我高兴的了。（"否定词＋比较级"表示最高级意义）
Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart’s musical pieces when I’m exhausted.
2.他宁愿放弃这个机会也不愿意伤害别人。（would rather do ）
He would rather give up the opportunity than hurt others.
3.这个又老又破的体育场已经见证了他们从童年起二十年的悲欢。（see意为"见证"的拟人用法）
This old and shabby stadium has seen their sadness and joy for twenty years since childhood.
4.把碎片粘在一起后，查尔斯表现得像平常一样，焦急地等待着他父亲的归来。（having done 作状语）
Having glued the broken pieces together ， Charles acted as normal， waiting for his father’s return anxiously.
5.直到那时，我才意识到宽恕的重要性。 （not...until）
I didn’t realize the importance of forgiveness until then.
Life is precious to Lin Qiaozhi， who had delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime. When people entrusted her with their lives， it was her virtue that carried her through decades of hard choices. When she was 18， she chose to study medicine instead of entering into a marriage like the majority of girls. Unfortunately， her brother responded negatively to her choice， complaining about the high tuition fees. However， nothing could scare her off. After graduation， Lin Qiaozhi won a scholarship and was appointed as a resident physician in a famous hospital. After a few years， she was sent to study in Europe and then the US， where she greatly impressed her colleagues， who invited her to stay but were rejected， for she was determined to return to China. Then during the war， she opened her own clinic to shield the injured from harm. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China， she was elected to many important positions， but this didn’t weaken her interest at all in tending patients and training the next generation of doctors who could replace her. Dr Lin didn’t retire until the day she passed away.
During her whole life， Dr Lin published a great deal of medical research， leaving massive wealth to the world， and her savings were used on children and medical development. In memory of her contributions， a memorial park was built in 1984 on Kulangsu Island.
1 respond vt.& vi. 回答，回复（reply） vi.作出反应，回应（react）
1.[外研选必②－6]Temperatures are rising， and nations are failing to respond to it.
2.[译林选必④－2]More importantly， whether you approve of the speaker’s words or not， you need to be honest in your response （respond）.
3.我写信是响应网站上发布的通知，申请一份城市篮球比赛的志愿工作。 （申请信）
I’m writing to apply for a voluntary job in the City Basketball Competition in response to the notice posted on the website .
★respond to...（with...）（以……）回答/响应…… ★response n.回答，答复；反应；响应 in response to 作为对……的答复；响应
2 tend vt.& vi.照顾；照料（attend to， care for， look after， take care of） vi.往往会；倾向；趋于
1.[译林必修②－2]It has also been proven that active people tend to have （have） better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.
2.There is a widespread tendency （tend） that more and more young people choose online shopping rather than go to brick-and-mortar stores（实体店） to buy what they like.
（引入话题）
此处that引导同位语从句，作tendency的同位语。
3.Every time I get tired of studying， tending （to） the flowers （照料花儿） on the balcony makes me feel energetic again.
主句谓语为makes，所以空处应填非谓语形式作主语，且此处表示习惯性的动作，所以用v-ing作主语。
4.然而，许多人往往会以成败论英雄。
→①However， many people tend to judge a person by his/her success or failure. （tend）
→②However， many people have a tendency to judge a person by his/her success or failure. （tendency）
★tend （to） sb./sth.照料某人/某物 tend to do sth.往往会发生某事；易于做某事 tend to/towards...趋向于…… ★tendency n.倾向；趋势 have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向 tendency to/towards...……的倾向 ★其他表示"趋势"的词： trend， current， tide
3 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓
1.Some parents try to scare their naughty children into behaving themselves.
2.After watching a scary film， she was scared in the dark at midnight.（scare）
3.[外研选必①－1]Although she is clearly still in some pain， her scared （scare） and anxious look has been replaced — first by a small smile， and then by loud laughter...
4.Scared of losing control of their life， some people tend to follow the path that others suggest because they are scared to fail （fail）.
5.When I realized that the bear was coming back to attack us， I was nearly scared to death （几乎要吓死了）. （读后续写之心理描写）
★scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑 scare sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事 ★scared adj.害怕的 be scared of （doing） sth.害怕（做）某事 be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 be scared to death害怕得要死 ★scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的
4 replace vt.接替；取代；更换；把……放回原处
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①You have to replace the books on the shelves before you leave. 把……放回原处
②[译林必修②－2]In response to public interest，our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options，including modern dance. 取代
2.我强烈推荐我的朋友李明，他是最适合下周代替鲍勃的人。 （推荐信）
I strongly recommend my friend Li Ming， who is the most suitable person to replace/take
the place of Bob next week.
★replace A （with/by B） （用B）接替/取代A ★replacement n.[U]替换，更换；[C]替代品 replaceable adj.可替换的；可代替的 ★"代替，取代"的其他表达： in place of sb.＝in one’s place take one’s place＝take the place of sb.
5 harm n.& vt.伤害；损害
1.[北师选必①－3]High-tension power lines， as well as clear-cut corridors， pipelines， roads of rocks and painted lines on the ground do no harm to animals.
2.Not only continued Antarctic tourism but also the introduction of some harmful （harm） foreign things could threaten the balance of the local ecosystem. （环境保护）
3.The experienced physician prescribed the pregnant woman some medicine harmless （harm） to her baby.
句意：医生给孕妇开了一些对孩子无害的药。高考语法填空题中，若提示词为名词，需要变成形容词时，还要根据语境看空处是表示否定意义还是肯定意义。
4. There is no harm in turning off the light （关上灯没有害处） when you go out.
5.花太多时间上网会损害我们的视力。 （个人观点）
Spending too much time online can harm /do harm to/be harmful to our eyesight .
★do sb. harm/do harm to sb.对某人有害 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处。 ★harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to...对……有害 ★harmless adj.无害的
6 carry sb. through （sth.） 帮助某人渡过难关
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①It’s a difficult job but she’s the person to carry it through. 成功完成（工作）
②In the past tough years， his determination has carried him through. 帮助他渡过难关
through可以作介词，后接名词；也可以作副词，后不接任何成分。
③He has proved he can carry through on his promises. 履行他的承诺
2.[外研必修②－6]Carry out the survey and use the results to come up with ways to reduce carbon footprint.
3.[人教必修③－4]This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
4.With her company and continual encouragement， I successfully went through those tough years.
→ It was her company and continual encouragement that carried me through those tough years. （强调句型）
go through在此处意为"经历，经受（尤指苦难或艰难时期）"，除此之外，还可表示"检查；通读，查阅；（法律、协议、决定）获得通过"。
5.大海的气味勾起了她童年的回忆。
The smell of the sea carried her back to her childhood .
★carry sth. through成功完成某事 carry through （on/with sth.）履行（承诺） ★carry on继续，坚持；继续移动 carry out sth.履行（诺言）；执行/完成（计划、研究等） carry sb. back （to sth.）使某人回想起（某事）；使某人回忆（某事）
7 in memory of作为对……的纪念
1.The text is so important that we should memorize/memorise （memory） it.
-ize（-ise）为常见的动词后缀，如modernize，industrialize，globalize等。
2.We will hold a series of activities in memory of those brave firefighters （纪念那些勇敢的消防队员）.
类似的"in＋n.＋of "型短语还有：in praise of 称赞，歌颂；in celebration of 庆祝；in search of 寻找；in favour of支持，赞同；in charge of负责，管理；in support of支持；in terms of就……而言；in aid of为帮助；in honour of向……表示敬意；in need of 需要。
★memorise（NAmE memorize） vt.记住，熟记 memorable adj.值得纪念的，难忘的 memorial adj.纪念的，悼念的 n.纪念碑；纪念物
8 a great deal （of） 大量
1.A great deal of nervous tension before the performance often leads （lead） to a total mess on stage.
2.This time he drove a good deal faster （fast） so we didn’t arrive late like last Sunday.
本句中没有明显的比较级标志词than，但由句首的This time和so后的句子可知此处暗含比较意义，且空前有a good deal修饰，故填fast的比较级。常见的修饰比较级的词还有any， much， even， far， a lot等。
3.Your advice and guidance mean a great/good deal to us （对我们意义重大） in the English Drama Festival. （感谢信）
4.我花了大量时间阅读您推荐的相关文献，从中学到了很多。 （感谢信）
I spent a great/good deal of time （in） reading relevant literature you recommended， from which I have learned a great/good deal .
★a great/good deal of＋n. [U]＋v.（单数） a great/good many of＋n. [C]＋v.（复数） ★a great/good deal（副词短语） 可修饰adj./adv.比较级，也可修饰v.。 a great/good deal（名词短语）意为"大量，许多"，作主语或宾语。
9 "否定词 ＋ adj./adv.比较级"表示最高级意义
1.如果您能抽出一点时间给我一些指导，我将不胜感激。 （求助信）
I couldn’t be more grateful if you could spare some time to give me some guidance.
"不胜感激"还可以用"I can’t thank you enough"表达。
2."我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！"妈妈满意地回答道。
" I’ve never had a more delicious breakfast than this ！ "Mom replied in a satisfied voice.
★此结构常译为"没有比……更……，再……不过了"。 ★常用的否定词有nothing， no， not， never， nobody等。
10 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
1.It’s so hot outside！ I would rather stay （stay） at home doing housework.
2.[外研选必②－3]After all， how many of us today would rather send a message packed with emojis than make a telephone call？
3.如今，人们宁愿用高科技产品来交流和消磨时间，也不愿与朋友及家人出去。
→①Nowadays， people would rather communicate and kill time by using hi-tech products than go out with friends and families .（would rather）
→②Nowadays， people prefer to communicate and kill time by using hi-tech products rather than go out with friends and families .（prefer）
★would rather为情态动词短语，后接动词原形。 ★would rather do sth. than do sth. （＝would do sth. rather than do sth.＝prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.）宁愿做某事也不愿做某事
一对反义前缀：in-（im-） & ex-
本单元：im-（向内）＋port（港口）→进入港口内→import 进口
ex-（向外）＋port（港口）→到港口外→export 出口
拓展：
从下列方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。
inside include involve express expose exact
1.[人教必修②－4]An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.
2.[人教选必③－2]For example， some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse， which can lead to physical and mental health problems.
be/become/get involved in...专心/沉迷于……。注意involve和include的区别：involve表示"包含；牵涉；（使）参加"，而include表示"包含；使成为……的一部分"。
3.[北师必修③－9]Countries need to think about ways to inspire interest for boys in reading and ensure that they are exposed to a wide variety of different types of literature from a young age.
4.[人教必修①－1]Design an eye-catching logo for your club and make a poster including the club’s name， slogan， and logo.
5.[人教必修①－5]Chinese calligraphy has developed along with China’s civilisation. It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy started.
6.[人教选必③－4]It took him a lot of energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国乙]There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful （harm） gases， such as carbon dioxide.
2.[2023浙江1月]Most trains operate （operation） just once a day and some run only three times a week， so missing yours can be a disaster.
operate为多义词，作及物动词时意为"操作，控制，使运行"，作不及物动词时意为"运转，工作；经营，营业；动手术"。此处意为"运转，工作"。
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ] I bit （bite） back my frustration（懊恼）. I knew the coach meant well — he thought he was doing the right thing.
bite back sth.表示"忍住不说出某事，不流露情感"。
4.[2022新高考Ⅱ] We offer scholarships （scholar） to low-income schools and youth organizations， subject to availability.
scholarship作"奖学金"讲时为可数名词，空前没有限定词，故要用其复数形式。be subject to表示"视……而定；服从于；可能受……影响的"，subject to availability表示"视情况而定"。
5.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Road accidents， which had fallen for years， are now rising sharply （sharp）.
6.[2022全国甲]And then in late November， Tilly had an operation on her leg.
have an operation＋on＋人或身体部位，表示给某人或身体部位做手术。表示"轻拍（pat）或打（hit）某身体部位"时也用介词on，如：
His father patted him on his shoulder.他父亲轻轻地拍了他的肩膀。
She hit me on my head with an umbrella.她用雨伞打我的头。
7.[2022北京]My perfectionist tendencies （tend） were the main root of this： I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did， which obviously in life is not possible， but it consumed me.
句意：我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我的精力。
8.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners， who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
9.[2020新高考Ⅱ]To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office， write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment （appoint）.
10.[2020江苏]Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous complaints （complain） about the little problems of life make humor， and sometimes that is the case.
11.[全国Ⅱ]There’s tension （tense） and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.
12.[全国Ⅱ]His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant （assist） in class whose creativity would infect（感染） other students.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. 锋利的 B. 敏锐的
C. （人或语言）尖锐的 D. 急剧的
①[2023全国甲]The Socrates Express is a fun， sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire， loneliness， and aging. C
句意：《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考中。
②[2021北京]I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept watching a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap. B
③[2020浙江]...while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities， others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. D
④[江苏高考]Thus humans who lived a million years ago， despite their big brains and sharp stone tools， lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals. A
句中who引导定语从句，despite...作让步状语。句意：因此，生活在100万年前的人类，尽管拥有巨大的大脑和锋利的石器，还是一直生活在对食肉动物的恐惧中。
2.[2020浙江]The lamb had become separated from its mother， so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. v.照顾，照看
tend还有"倾向，趋于"的意思，如：
Prices have tended upwards over recent years.近年来物价趋于上升。
3.[全国Ⅲ]I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different cities. Each of my cafes will have a different theme and a unique style. n.连锁商店
a chain of cafes表示"连锁咖啡店"，也可以用a cafe chain来表示。
4.[浙江高考]So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends in the suburbs（郊区）. v.租用
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——值得尊敬和爱戴的人
[2020全国Ⅰ]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
◎写作要点
1.我身边最受尊敬的人是李老师，她道德高尚，教学经验丰富。（moral）
The most respected person around me is Ms Li， a moral woman with rich teaching experience.
2.为了解释她的观点，她往往尝试各种新方法，使她的课堂生动有趣。（illustrate， tend）
To illustrate her points， she tends to try various new ways， making her classes lively and interesting.
3.她内心深处有一个原则，即任何一个学生都不应被忽视，尤其是当他/她对学习表现出消极态度时。（principle， passive）
There is a principle deep in her heart that not a single student should be ignored， especially when he/she shows a passive attitude towards study.
4.她总是及时回应我们，并以极大的耐心帮助我们找到解决方法。（respond， assist， a great deal of）
She always responds to us in time and assists us to find a solution with a great deal of patience.
5.正是李老师带领我们度过了三年紧张的时光，这三年也见证了我们成绩的大幅提高。（carry sb. through， sharp）
It is Ms Li who has carried us through those three stressful years， which have witnessed a sharp rise in our grades as well.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
The Person I Respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us. The most respected person around me is Ms Li， a moral woman with rich teaching experience. First of all， though she has been teaching English for twenty years， she is still passionate about teaching. To illustrate her points， she tends to try various new ways， making her classes lively and interesting. In addition， there is a principle deep in her heart that not a single student should be ignored， especially when he/she shows a passive attitude towards study. When faced with a problem， we are never scared to turn to her for help. She always responds to us in time and assists us to find a solution with a great deal of patience. It is Ms Li who has carried us through those three stressful years， which have witnessed a sharp rise in our grades as well. All in all， she deserves our respect.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之后悔与内疚
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 guilt， regret； guilty， regretful 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他非常遗憾地叹了口气，说道："你来得太晚了，安妮已经离开了。" He sighed with deep regret and said， "You are too late. Anne has already left." 2.当我听到这个坏消息时，我不由自主地感到一阵悔恨。 Uncontrollably， a wave of regret washed over me as I heard the bad news. 3.但与此同时，内疚感涌上了我的心头。 But at the same time， a sense of guilt came over me. 4.我在窗边坐了很久，眼含后悔的泪水。要是我没有骗他该多好。 I sat at the window for a long time， with regretful tears in my eyes . If only I hadn’t lied to him.（with复合结构；if only） 5.他想到自己是如何对待父亲的，感到非常愧疚。 He felt extremely guilty/was full of guilt when thinking about how he had treated his father.
词 组 1.be overwhelmed by feelings of guilt愧疚难当 2.a sense of guilt内疚感 3.feel guilty about对……感到内疚 4.a wave of regret一阵悔恨 5.much to one’s regret令某人深感遗憾的是 6.with deep/great regret非常遗憾地 7.a regretful goodbye/glance/smile遗憾的告别/怅然的一瞥/充满歉意的微笑 8.with regretful tears in one’s eyes眼含后悔的泪水
佳 句 1.It was at that moment that a ripple of regret welled up inside me. How I wished I hadn’t said those words！就在那时，我的心中涌起了一阵阵懊悔。我真希望我没有说那些话！ 2.Hearing what I said， he stormed out of the room， leaving me dumb with deep regret.听到我说的话，他愤怒地冲出了房间，留下我哑口无言，后悔不已。
一、阅读理解
A
[2023江西南昌一模]Wangari Maathai， the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize winner， once told a story of a hummingbird. When a forest fire broke out， the hummingbird volunteered to do its best to fight the fire despite its small size and little impact， while larger animals like the elephants just sat by and watched. In many Kenyan people’s eyes， the youth group Komb Green Solutions is such a hummingbird.
Formed in 2017， Komb Green Solutions is a community-based organization in Nairobi. Though it started off with no support at all， it was armed with a passion to change the environment in their slum（贫民窟）.
Fredrick Okinda， the group’s founder， said that before the group was formed， some young people in Korogocho were engaged in crime to earn a living. This always resulted in gang fights， with Okinda having lost many friends to crime.
During an upgrading project where a new bridge linking Dandora and Korogocho slums was being built， Okinda and his co-founders saw an opportunity. Having worked as casual laborers and security officers for the project， the youth decided to carry on by restoring the river under the bridge on a voluntary basis.
"When we started， our main focus was the dumpsite（垃圾场） under the bridge，" Okinda said. "It was a hiding place for thieves and a place where criminals would go to conduct their illegal activities， so we wanted to create a green and safe place for children to play and for young people to relax."
With limited resources， insufficient funds and an enormous task， Komb Green Solutions has slowly but surely started turning the city’s Korogocho slum from an eyesore into a safe place where children can play and adults can live healthy lives.
本文主要讲述了一个肯尼亚青年组织Komb Green Solutions努力将贫民窟改变为一个宜居宜玩耍之地的故事。
【词语积累】upgrade v.提高（设施、服务等的）档次，改善；使升级 on a voluntary basis在自愿的基础上 eyesore n.碍眼的建筑，丑陋的东西，令人厌恶的东西
1. Why does the author mention the hummingbird in paragraph 1？
A. To introduce a Kenyan youth group.
B. To show Wangari Maathai’s theory.
C. To amuse readers with a funny story.
D. To stress the importance of hummingbirds.
解析 A 推理判断题。从第一段中的"When a forest fire broke out...little impact"和"the youth group...a hummingbird"可以看出，蜂鸟虽小却敢于承担责任，而Komb Green Solutions正是这样的组织。因此，作者提到蜂鸟的主要目的在于引出后面要讲的Komb Green Solutions，故A项正确。
2. What made Okinda start Komb Green Solutions？
A. Saving wild birds.
B. Making a living.
C. Solving the drug problem.
D. Changing the community.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"it was armed with a passion to change the environment in their slum（贫民窟）"可知，Okinda成立Komb Green Solutions的目的是改变社区环境，故D项正确。
3. Which of the following best describes Okinda？
A. Reserved. B. Devoted.
C. Polite. D. Honest.
解析 B 推理判断题。由本文内容，尤其是最后一段中的"With limited resources， insufficient funds and an enormous task...from an eyesore into a safe place"可知，在资源有限、资金短缺、任务艰巨的情况下，Okinda还是设法改变了贫民窟的面貌。由此可以推测，Okinda是一个意志坚定、全身心投入的人，故B项正确。
4.What is a suitable title for the text？
A. Living a Healthy Life
B. A Dream Come True
C. Transforming the City Slum
D. Volunteering in Communities
解析 C 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Komb Green Solutions这一青年组织努力将贫民窟改变为一个宜居宜玩耍之地的故事，故C项适合做本文的标题。
B
[品德修养/2024重庆育才中学、西南大学附中联考]Jose Alberto Gutierrez’s life would never be the same again after finding a copy of Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy in the garbage 20 years ago. It happened when he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods at night and saw deserted books. It sparked his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. He took home between 50 and 60 books every morning after his nine-hour shift. Eventually， he turned his book collection into a community library.
Colombia’s capital city of Bogota has 13 million residents and 19 public libraries. However， these libraries tend to be far away from where rural and poorer communities live. The option of buying new books is non-existent for families struggling to make ends meet. Having access to a library of books and being taken away to another world while absorbed in a book is a luxury for the kids who visit Gutierrez’s library.
Gutierrez grew up poor， and his family could not afford to educate him beyond primary school. Nevertheless， his mother was a keen reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutierrez， who never let a lack of formal education stop him from reading classics by the likes of Victor Hugo， Mario Vargas Llosa and Gabriel García Márquez.
Today， his community library， called "The Strength of Words"， occupies most of his home and is piled from floor to ceiling with fiction and non-fiction titles. Everything from school textbooks to story books can be found in his collection of more than 20，000 books！
The Strength of Words library opens every weekend. It is not just school-going children who are enjoying the benefits of The Strength of Words library. Adults are also welcome to expand their horizons and develop new skills to build a better life for themselves.
Despite having done so much for his community， Gutierrez is not yet content to call it a day. He continues to search through bins for reading material and has even travelled to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to sell his idea of building libraries from unwanted books.
本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了清洁工Gutierrez将废弃书籍收集起来，创建社区图书馆，为低收入家庭提供阅读机会的故事。
1. What inspired Gutierrez to build the community library？
A. The dilemma he faced on the night shift.
B. The hobby he has started since childhood.
C. Famous novelists he liked very much.
D. Abandoned books he came across at work.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"It happened when he was driving his garbage truck through wealthier neighborhoods at night and saw deserted books. It sparked his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. He took home between 50 and 60 books every morning after his nine-hour shift. Eventually， he turned his book collection into a community library"可知，Gutierrez在工作中偶然发现的废弃书籍启发了他创建社区图书馆，故选D项。
2. What can we learn about Gutierrez’s mother？
A. She was born into a poor family.
B. She bought Gutierrez many books.
C. She influenced Gutierrez greatly.
D. She enjoyed reading Hugo’s works.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第三段中的"Nevertheless， his mother was a keen reader and read stories to him every night. Her love for books left a deep impression on Gutierrez， who never let a lack of formal education stop him from reading classics by the likes of Victor Hugo， Mario Vargas Llosa and Gabriel García M rquez"可知，Gutierrez的母亲对书籍的热爱让Gutierrez即使贫困也坚持阅读。由此可知，她对Gutierrez的影响很大，故选C项。
3. What does the underlined phrase "call it a day" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Take the time.
B. Stop the work.
C. Make a change.
D. Receive a reward.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由"Despite having done so much for his community"及"He continues to search through bins for reading material and has even travelled to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to sell his idea of building libraries from unwanted books"可知，Gutierrez并没有停下从垃圾箱里找书籍的目标，甚至还想推广自己的想法，因此，call it a day与stop the work意思相近，故选B项。
4. What does Gutierrez’s story tell us？
A. A book holds a house of gold.
B. The early bird catches the worm.
C. Good things come to those who wait.
D. One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.
解析 D 推理判断题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"It sparked his desire to start rescuing books from the garbage. He took home between 50 and 60 books every morning after his nine-hour shift. Eventually， he turned his book collection into a community library"可知，本文讲述了Gutierrez将废弃书籍收集起来，创建社区图书馆，为低收入家庭提供阅读机会的故事，故D项切题。A项"书中自有黄金屋"；B项"早起的鸟儿有虫吃"；C项"好事总是青睐有准备的人"。
二、完形填空
[2024天星原创]In a local Goodwill store in Gilbert， Rose was to find a costume for her daughter. However， her trip took a（n） 1 turn when she decided to search the book section.
An older lady beside her picked up a book and out 2 a note. It read， "Believe， Trent — Believe you’re loved！ Let’s get going. The ride may not be 3 but we’ll get there. When you 4 yourself as much as I do， you’ll be there. Dad." Rose could feel the love and hope 5 the lines. She bought the book 6 . But her journey with this note had just begun.
7 to return it to its owner， Rose turned to the power of community. She posted the message in a social media group， hoping someone might 8 the name. Hundreds shared the post and offered 9 . One group member commented， "I feel like maybe all moved by the 10 are indeed a Trent. Thanks for sharing the love note."
The community’s 11 was obvious. And lots of people 12 Rose. She said， "Sometimes it takes a stranger to lift you up and say， ‘I believe in you. You can 13 any difficulty.’"
As days turned into weeks， Rose’s 14 became a journey of hope for many in the community. The story behind the note remains a（n） 15 . However， Rose’s efforts serve as a proof of the power of community and the lengths we’ll go to for love and connection.
Rose在一家慈善商店给女儿买戏装的时候，偶然看到一本书中掉落一张便签。她被便签中满满的父爱触动，把书买了下来，并自此踏上了寻找便签主人的旅程。
1. A. fortunate B. unexpected
C. confusing D. intelligent
解析 B 然而当她决定去图书区域逛逛的时候，她的这趟慈善商店之行发生了意想不到的（unexpected）转变。
2. A. escaped B. remained
C. dropped D. hidden
解析 C 她旁边一位比她年长的女士拿起一本书，一张便签从书中掉落（dropped）。
3. A. interesting B. challenging
C.independent D. smooth
解析 D 此行或许不会一片坦途，可我们终会到达。smooth平稳的，顺利的。
4. A. deal with B. believe in
C. set up D. care for
解析 B 当你像我一样信任（believe in）你的时候，你终会做到的。
5. A. between B. above
C. beyond D. beside
解析 A Rose可以感受到字里行间的爱与希望。between the lines在此意为"字里行间"。
6. A. suddenly B. immediately
C. surprisedly D. sufficiently
解析 B 她立即（immediately）把这本书买了下来。
7. A. Surprised B. Curious
C.Determined D. Nervous
解析 C Rose决心（Determined）将这一便签交还到主人手中，于是她求助于社区的力量。
8. A. doubt B. compare
C. recognize D. investigate
解析 C 她将便签内容发布到了一个社交媒体群中，希望有人能认出（recognize）这个名字。
9. A. clues B. desires
C. examples D. memories
解析 A 数百人分享了帖子并提供了线索（clues）。
10.A.opportunity B. research
C. accident D. note
解析 D 我觉得所有被便签（note）感动的人或许都是Trent。
11. A. benefit B. support
C. argument D. analysis
解析 B 社区的支持（support）显而易见。
12. A. cheered on B. picked out
C. turned to D. depended on
解析 A 并且有许多人为Rose加油鼓劲（cheered on）。
13. A. cause B. discover
C. experience D. overcome
解析 D 你能克服（overcome）任何困难。
14. A. business B. program
C. mission D. adventure
解析 C 随着数日变成了数周，Rose的任务（mission）变成了社区中许多人的希望之旅。
15. A. wonder B. mystery
C. honor D. resource
解析 B 便签背后的故事仍然是未解之谜（mystery）。
三、语法填空
[2023甘肃酒泉一模]Herman Travis， 55， lives in Holly Courts， a low-income neighborhood in San Francisco and he doesn’t have so many 1 （possess）. Every Tuesday， Travis fills a shopping cart（购物车） with groceries from a local food bank. Then he makes home deliveries to his elderly and disabled neighbors. He began doing it in 2007 and when he first started， people were doubtful. They didn’t welcome it as he had expected. "At first people were 2 （caution）. They didn’t let me in."
"However， only after they 3 （get） to really know me were they pleased to see me eventually. But I wish that I had started doing it earlier." Travis once told me. I am one of Travis’ neighbors 4 receive deliveries from him. To some degree， I depend on him to live my life. Like everyone else， on the one hand， I sincerely appreciate his help， and on the other hand， I expect 5 （see） the joy Travis gets out of making 6 （he） rounds. If he didn’t come to see me， I should miss him very much now. When we meet with each other on the way， he may stop to chat with me for some time so I know much about him. He often says it is not so stressful a job. Having kept doing such a thing for about fifteen years already， he is admired and respected by everybody.
Some people once asked him， "Do you think it is worthwhile doing such kinds of things？" He nodded his head， saying， "I think so." He’s so kind and warm， always 7 （smile）， as if he were doing 8 favor for his own family.
What he does always appeals 9 other people in nearby neighborhoods that have been trying to poach（挖走）Travis for years. They suggest paying him to go and deliver food for them when they run out of food. But he simply wouldn’t do it for money.
It might be a small thing that Travis is doing so， but he does that with big love. It’s 10 （spiritual） rewarding for him.
本文讲述的是55岁的赫尔曼·特拉维斯做志愿工作，给年迈和残疾的邻居做家庭派送，让得到帮助的人感受到了他的善意和温暖。
1.possessions 考查名词复数。空处应使用possess的名词复数形式possessions，意为"财产"。
2.cautious 考查形容词。空处应使用形容词cautious（谨慎的）作表语。
3.got 考查时态和语态。所填词作谓语，主语与get为主谓关系，且此处表示过去的动作，故填got。
4.that/who 考查定语从句。空处所填词引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词指人，故填that或who。
5.to see 考查不定式。expect to do sth.为固定短语，故填to see。
6.his 考查代词。空后的"rounds"作名词，在此表示"递送路线"。所以空处应使用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。
7.smiling 考查非谓语动词。He与smile之间为主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故填smiling。
8.a 考查冠词。do a favor for sb.为固定短语，意为"帮助某人"，故填a。
9.to 考查介词。appeal to为固定短语，意为"吸引"，故填to。
10.spiritually 考查副词。空处应使用spiritual的副词形式spiritually作状语，spiritually意为"精神上"。UNIT 3 DIVERSE CULTURES
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心
2. mission n.传教（区）；重要任务；使命
3. district n.地区；区域
4. afterwards/afterward adv.以后；后来
5. seek vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求
6. journal n.日志；日记；报纸；刊物
7. claim vt.& n.夺取（生命）；宣称；断言
8. series n.一系列；连续；接连
9. escape vi.& vt.逃走；避开 n.逃跑；解脱
10. super adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的
11. percentage n.百分率；百分比
12. climate n.气候
13. mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的
14. material n.材料；布料；素材adj.物质的；实际的
15. item n.项目；一件商品（或物品）；一条（新闻）
16. neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的→ diversity n.差异（性）；不同（点）；多样性→diversify vi.& vt.（使）多样化
2. fortune n.机会；运气→ fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→ fortunately adv.幸运地→ unfortunately adv.不幸地
3. admit vi.& vt.承认 vt.准许进入（或加入）→ admission n.准许进入；入场费；承认
4. definite adj.确定的；清楚的→ definitely adv.肯定；确实
5. occur vi.发生；出现→ occurrence n.发生；发生的事情
6. history n.历史→ historical adj.（有关）历史的→ historic adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名（或重要）的
7. earn vt.& vi.挣得；赚得；赢得；博得→ earnings n.收入；收益
8. select vt.选择；挑选；选拔→ selection n.选择→ selective adj.选择性的；有选择的
9. minor adj.次要的；较小的→ minority n.少数民族；少数派；少数人
10. finance n.财政；金融→ financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的→ financially adv.金融上；财政上
11. poem n.诗→ poetry n.诗集；诗歌；诗作→ poet n.诗人
12. poison n.毒物；毒药；毒素 vt.毒死；毒害→ poisonous adj.引起中毒的；有毒的；分泌毒素的
13. fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平→ unfold vt.& vi.打开；展开
14. collect vt.搜集；收藏→ collection n.作品集；收集物；收藏品
15. settle vt.& vi.定居；结束（争论）；解决（纠纷）→ settlement n.解决；定居→ settler n.殖民者；移民
16. construct vt.建造；修建→ construction n.建筑；建造；建造物；（句子、短语等的）结构
17. suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n.西服；套装→ suitable adj.合适的→ suitably adv.合适地→ unsuitable adj.不合适的
18. contain vt.包含；含有；容纳→ container n.容器
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.chip n. （英）炸土豆条；（美）炸薯片；芯片；碎片
2.cheese n. 干酪；奶酪
3.spicy adj. 加有香料的；辛辣的
4.ethnic adj. 具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的
5.comic n. 连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj. 滑稽的；使人发笑的
6.immigrant n. （外来）移民；外侨
7.china n. 瓷；瓷器
8.jazz n. 爵士乐
9.bar n. 酒吧；小吃店；小馆子
10.diagram n. 简图；图解；图表；示意图
11.Atlantic adj. 大西洋的
12.jeans n. 牛仔裤
13.boot n. 靴子
14.mushroom n. 蘑菇；蕈
15.accessory n. 配饰；附件；配件
16.souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品
17.clothing n. 衣服；服装
18.herbal adj. 药草的；香草的
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. head to （朝……）前进；（向……）去
2. seek one’s fortune 寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
3. earn a living 谋生
4. series of 一系列或一连串（事件）
5. apart from/aside from 除了……外（还）；此外
6. bring about 导致；引起
7. all year round 一年到头
8. turn into 转变为；（使）成为
9. to name but a few 仅举几例
10. （at） first hand 第一手；亲自
11. be located in 位于……
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.However， some survived these terrible times， and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state of America.（there be sb./sth. doing sth.）
然而，有些人挺过了这些可怕的时期并活了下来，如今居住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比美国其他任何州都多。
2.And what a city — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906.（疑问代词引导的感叹句）
这是一座多么了不起的城市啊，一座在1906年地震后得以重建的城市。
3.There are so many beautiful old buildings — many sitting on top of big hills ...（独立主格结构）
这里有众多美丽的古建筑——许多坐落于大山之巅……
4. What started as a residential area for Chinese immigrants then turned into a centre for Chinese culture.（what引导的主语从句）
这里原本是中国移民的居住地，后来变成了中国文化的中心。
5.The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese， many of whom do not speak English fluently .（"不定代词＋of＋关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句）
唐人街的大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说得并不流利。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.The company claims （宣称） in an advertisement that its product can make you feel delighted.
2.There is no doubt that learning is a lifetime mission （使命）.
3.They sought out a shady spot where they could sit down and rest.
4.The children usually earn their allowance by doing housework.
5.It was impossible for this country to recover in such a short time from this financial crisis in which almost every industry was influenced.
6.The lawbreakers will never escape the punishment of the law.
7.Our English teacher handed out many reading materials to keep us exposed to the language.
8.Xu Xiake made great contributions to the ancient Chinese geography. His travel journal The Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake is of high scientific and literary value.
9.Tom came in for a cup of tea and he went out soon afterward（s） .
10.The robbery occurred in broad daylight， in a crowded street last weekend.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Jim went to the south to seek his fortune ， given that he was always fortunate . Unfortunately ， he even got penniless.（fortune）
2.The man was waiting anxiously， keeping folding and unfolding the paper over and over again.（fold）
3.In daily life， only a minority of people are able to notice such minor details. （minor）
4.The container appears to be large， but it contains nothing inside.（contain）
5.With diverse species living in this area， it has great biological diversity .（diverse）
6.You can choose one from this selection of hotels selected by Luke， who is pretty selective about hotels.（select）
7.I love reading something to my kids. Here is a poem by my favorite poet . （poem）
8.Your sweater suits you，but it is unsuitable for such a formal occasion， so you’d better replace it with a suit .（suit）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
bring about head to earn a living
apart from （at） first hand
1.When visiting the country， I saw （at） first hand the efforts being made to bring communities together.
2.It goes without saying that the policy of reform and opening up has brought about an increasingly rich and powerful China these years.
3.They decided to head to the coast for a bit of rest and relaxation after the final exam.
4. Apart from lowering ticket prices， tourist sites have also taken other measures to attract tourists.
5.What did you do to earn a living when you were living abroad？ Part-time jobs？
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.只有一块指示牌在风中摇摆。（there be sb./sth. doing sth.）
There is only one sign swinging in the wind.
2.我们不仅玩得开心，还有机会结交志趣相投的朋友。多么美好的时光啊！（疑问代词引导的感叹句）
Not only did we enjoy ourselves， but also we had a chance to make friends with shared interests. What a wonderful time ！
3.男孩冲到老人的家，满脸是汗。（独立主格结构）
The boy rushed to the old man’s house， his face covered with sweat .
4.我想了解的是这次展览会的票价以及更详细的安排。（what引导的主语从句）
What I want to know are the ticket price and more detailed arrangements of this exhibition.
5.西安及其周边遍布着各种各样的古代宫殿、皇家园林、塔楼和寺庙，所有这些都在传达着丰富多彩的中国古代文化。（"不定代词＋of＋关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句）
In and around Xi’an are various ancient palaces， royal parks， towers and temples， all of which are conveying colorful ancient Chinese culture .
After a series of activities， I am back in San Francisco. I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back again. The city rebuilt itself after the earthquake occurred in 1906， which claimed over 3，000 lives and destroyed most of the constructions. My hotel is near downtown in the Mission District， which used to be a poor area， but now it is a centre for art， music， and diverse food. First I walked along the neat streets appreciating the street art. Afterwards， I ate some ethnic dishes and spicy snacks. In the afternoon， I headed to a local museum where a collection of items showed the historical changes in California and bought some souvenirs there. In 1848， gold was discovered near San Francisco， bringing about the gold rush. A large number of immigrants came to seek their fortune in San Francisco. To earn a living， some Chinese opened up restaurants and bars in Chinatown and settled in the city. In the evening， I selected a Cantonese restaurant in Chinatown for dinner. The moment I tasted the super meal， a sigh of satisfaction escaped my lips. What great food！
1 admit （admitted， admitted， admitting）vt.& vi.承认 vt.准许进入（或加入）
1.[人教选必③－1]No one will be admitted into/to the exhibition after 4：30 p.m.
2.I apply for admission （admit） to your society because I am keen on historical novels like you. （申请信）
society此处意为"社团，协会"，be keen on＝be very interested in表示"对……很感兴趣"。
3.After a few seconds of silence， she admitted being hurt （hurt）by what I had said.
4.得知你最终被心仪的大学录取，我写信向你表示热烈的祝贺。 （祝贺信）
Knowing that you finally got admitted/admission into/to your ideal university ， I’m writing to express my hearty congratulations to you.（分词短语作状语）
★admit （to） doing sth.承认做某事 admit （to sb.） （that）（向某人）承认…… be admitted to/into被录取；被接收 It is admitted that 人们认为…… ★admission n.加入权，进入权；入场费；（对过错等的）供认，承认
2 occur（occurred， occurred， occurring）vi.发生；出现
1.[北师选必①－3] And the fifth event， which occurred （occur） 66 million years ago， caused the death of the dinosaurs.
2.[外研选必②－3] I was watching a superhero film the other day and a thought occurred to me： where does Superman get changed these days？
3.他突然想到那个小男孩可以通过卖爆米花赚钱。
It suddenly occurred to him that the little boy could earn money by selling popcorn.
表示"某人想起某事"可以用sth. occurs to sb.。此处主语较长，用it作形式主语，变换成it occurs to sb. that...句式。"某人想起某事"的其他表达有：sb. thinks of sth.， es to sb./one’s mind， sth. strikes/hits sb.。主语较长时，也可用it作形式主语。
★occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时态；作谓语时，主语不能是人。 ★sth. occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事 It occurs to sb. that.../to do sth.某人想起……/做某事。 ★occurrence n.发生的事情；发生，出现
3 seek（sought， sought） vt.& vi.寻找；寻求；争取；（向人）请求 vi.试图
1.[译林选必④－2]Seek to understand （understand） the other person’s emotions， by putting yourself in their shoes and looking at the situation from their perspective.
本句为祈使句。be in sb.’s shoes/put yourself in sb.’s shoes表示"处于某人的境地；设身处地"。
2.[外研选必④－4] Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit， she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things.
句意：尽管她欢迎这种新的创业精神，但她建议人们要现实一点，在仓促行事之前先寻求专家顾问的指导。seek的常见动宾搭配：seek jobs/employment寻找工作；seek help/assistance寻求帮助；seek advice征求建议；seek funding筹募资金。
3.In the pumpkin field， I competed with my brothers to seek out the biggest pumpkin （挑选出最大的南瓜）. （读后续写之情景描写）
4.[外研选必③－2]However， he （Qian Xuesen） sought no fame/didn’t seek fame （不求名望） and shunned the spotlight， returning to China with great resolution.
句意：然而，他（钱学森）不求名望，避开聚光灯，非常坚定地返回中国。shun"避开，回避"。
5.It was not long before they left their village to try their luck and seek their fortune （寻找发财机会） in the south during the gold rush.
6.我在英语方面遇到了一些困难，因此我只得寻求你的帮助。 （求助信）
I meet with some difficulties with my English， so I have no choice but to seek your help .
★seek （for） sth./sb.寻找某物/某人 seek to do试图做 seek...from sb.向某人寻求…… seek one’s fortune寻找发财机会；闯世界 seek out挑选出，物色；找到
4 claim vt.夺取（生命）；声称；断言；索要；认领；获得 n.断言；所有权；索赔，索款
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[人教选必①－5]When people present important facts， they usually give some evidence to support their claims. n.断言
②Heavy snowfall within a short period of time destroyed buildings and forests， and claimed at least 256 lives. v.夺取（生命）
③She has finally claimed a place on the team after a series of practices. v.获得
④At this point， no one had called to claim the dog， so Ann decided to keep it. v.认领
⑤[外研选必①－6]Sitting back in my seat， I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was "impossible". v.声称
2.由于货物损坏，我写信要求退款。 （投诉信）
I’m writing to claim my money back since the goods are damaged.
3.几天后，劳拉声称她已从膝盖受伤中恢复过来，想要参加比赛。 （读后续写之语言描写）
A few days later， Laura claimed to have recovered from her knee injury and wanted to participate in the race.
4.据说这位老人对鸟类了如指掌。
It’s claimed that the old man knows everything about birds.
★It is claimed that...据说…… claim to do sth.声称做某事 claim to have done sth.声称做过某事 claim sth. back要回某物
5 escape vt.& vi.逃走；摆脱；避开 vt.被忽视 vi.（气体、液体等） 泄漏 n.逃跑；解脱，消遣
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[译林选必②－1]When something newsworthy comes about， it may escape the attention of ordinary people... vt.被忽视
newsworthy"有新闻价值的"，come about"出现；发生"。句意：当有新闻价值的事情发生时，它可能会被普通人忽视……
②We should keep an eye on poisonous waste escaping into the sea. vi.（气体、液体等）泄漏
2.To escape punishment/being punished （punish） is one of the most obvious reasons bringing about lies.
3.It seemed that no one knew how the dog escaped from the cage.
4.For me， travel is an escape/to escape from the boredom of my everyday life （摆脱日常生活的无聊）.
5.最后，我们死里逃生，幸运地逃过了被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害。
At last， we had a narrow escape ， fortunately escaping being hurt by the hungry polar bear.（escape n.， escape v.）
6.愤怒的男孩逃进人群，挤上公交车，不见了。 （读后续写之动作描写）
The angry boy escaped into the crowds ， squeezed onto the bus， and disappeared.
★escape from...从……中逃离 escape doing sth.避免做某事 narrowly escape...侥幸逃脱…… escape death/have a narrow escape死里逃生 escape one’s attention/notice被某人忽视
6 settle vt.& vi.解决（纠纷）；定居；（使）平静下来 vt.（最终）决定；安放
1.[外研必修③－1]Accepting sadness as part of life helps Riley deal with the emotional complexity of growing up， and settle down in her new life.
2. All problems were settled （一切问题都解决了）. He settled himself comfortably （舒服地坐下） in his usual chair after a whole day of hard work.
3.他们冲下车，搭起帐篷，舒适地坐在草地上，欣赏着周围令人惊叹的景象。 （读后续写之动作描写）
They dashed out of the car， put up the tent and settled down on the grass ， enjoying the surrounding breathtaking sights.
★settle down（在某地）定居下来；（使）平静下来；舒服地坐下（或躺下） settle down to （doing） sth.定下心来做某事 settle on选定/决定…… settle in/into习惯于/适应…… ★settler n.殖民者；移民 settlement n.（解决纷争的）协议；定居点；解决；处理；移民
7 bring about导致；引起（cause， lead to， result in， contribute to）
1.In a meeting last year， he brought up a practical idea that the company should bring in a collection of the latest facilities， which has brought in a lot more money.
2.A new policy to bring down the high prices brought about more purchases of diverse goods in that supermarket.
3.The renowned（著名的） writer’s poetry newly brought out brings back my happy memories of my childhood.
newly brought out为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰poetry，第一空后的brings为句子的谓语。
4.Whether we should wear uniforms on weekdays brought about a heated discussion （引发了一场激烈的讨论） in our school last week. （正反观点）
5.他全身心地投入，最大限度地激发学生的潜能。
He is totally dedicated and brings out the best in students/brings out students’ full potential .
★bring up抚养；提出；呕吐 bring in 引进；获利，赚钱 bring out 出版；使显现 bring down 使倒下；减少，降低 bring sth. back 使某物恢复；使回想起某事 bring along把……带来
8 独立主格结构
1.No agreement reached （reach）， the representatives wanted another round of talks.
"n./pron.（主格）＋过去分词"表示被动意义，此处意为协议未被达成。
2.They were talking to the natives， the guide acting （act） as an interpreter.
"n./pron.（主格）＋现在分词"表示主动意义，此处意为导游充当翻译。
3.The exam to be held （hold） tomorrow， I can’t go to the cinema tonight. （告知信）
"n./pron.（主格） ＋动词不定式"表示没有发生或即将发生的动作，此处意为考试将要被举行，要用被动语态。
4. Time permitting （如果时间允许）， a Peking Opera performance will be given in the end. （活动介绍）
5.他专心地听王老师讲话，眼睛盯着她的脸。 （读后续写之神态描写）
He was listening attentively to Miss Wang， （with） his eyes fixed on her face .（fix）
★结构：n./pron.（主格） ＋ 现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式 n./pron.（主格）＋（being）＋adj./adv./n./prep. ★功能：在句中作状语，表示原因、条件、时间、方式、伴随等，可和with复合结构互换。 ★位置：可置于句首或句尾，常由逗号将其与句子其他成分分开。
词根-gram-/-graph-
本单元：dia-（穿过，两者之间）＋-gram（＝write写、画，文字，图表）→交叉着画→diagram图表；示意图
拓展：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.[外研必修③－2]Most biographies are organised in the order in which events happened. n.传记
bio-＝life，表示"生命，生物"，比如biology生物学；-y是名词后缀，表示"性质，状态"。biography →书写关于人生的状态→传记。
2.A new telegraph line has been set up between the two cities. n.电报
tele-表示"远"，比如telescope"望远镜"。telegraph→远方来的文字→电报。同理，telegram也表示"电报"。
3.The whole team has autographed a football at the fans meeting， which will be used as a prize. v.（在……上）签名
auto-表示"自己"，如automatic"自动的"。autograph→自己写的字→签名。autograph还可作名词，表示"亲笔签名"。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Each chapter concludes with a collection （collect） of practices， which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
collection作"收藏品；作品集；一批（物品或人）"讲时为可数名词。
2.[2023新高考Ⅱ] Seeking （seek） and accepting constructive feedback（反馈） is crucial to growth.
3.[2023全国甲]By the early 1970s， after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers （settle）， 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.
4.[2022新高考Ⅰ]There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East， and the charity has been given financial （finance） support to roll it out countrywide.
句意：现在，在东北部的20家养老院里有700名老人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构得到了财政支持，以便在全国范围内推广。roll sth. out表示"正式推出（新产品）；开展（新的政治运动）"。
5.[2022新高考Ⅱ] Fortunately （fortunate） for those in midlife， Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser， getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
6.[2022新高考Ⅱ] High-intensity exercise is more suitable （suit） for the young.
7.[2022北京]This does not definitely （definite） mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
8.[2022浙江1月] One day I got word that he was admitted （admit） to the hospital for a serious disease.
9.[2021新高考Ⅱ]He wants to help them earn a living.
earn a/one’s living表示"谋生"。
10.[江苏高考]Why is this occurring （occur）？ Nobody is quite sure， but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.解脱，消遣
B. v.避开，避免（不愉快或危险的事物）
C. v.被忽视 D. v.逃跑
E. v.（气体、液体等）泄漏
①[2022全国乙]For them， there’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. C
②[2022浙江1月]In this book， he argues that as we seek to escape pain or sorrow， we’re weakening ourselves and may lose our adaptability to deal with pain in the future. B
③[2021新高考Ⅱ]As long as I get close enough， no criminal can escape from me. D
④[全国Ⅱ]A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. A
⑤[江苏高考]...the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries， in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment. E
2.
A. 定居 B. 习惯于/适应
C. 解决 D. 安放
①[2023新高考Ⅱ]It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home. A
②[2022全国甲]The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. C
③[2021全国甲]Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. B
④[天津3月高考]An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu（臭豆腐） settled onto my grandmother’s dinner table. D
3.
A. 小巧迷人的 B. 极好的 C. 整洁的
①[2022新高考Ⅱ]Make sure your handwriting is neat. C
②[全国Ⅰ]These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. A
③[浙江高考]"It’s beautiful，" my mother said when I pointed it out to her. "What a neat basket." B
第②题根据neat后的little"小"可知，此处neat与其含义一致；第③题根据句中的beautiful可知，此处neat也是褒义词，表示"好的"。
4.[2020江苏] In looking into the stories of biological discovery， I also began to find something else， a collection of scientists， usually brilliant， occasionally half-mad， who made the discoveries. n.一批（物品或人）
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——跨国文化节活动
[2022浙江1月]假定你是李华，在"中国—爱尔兰文化节"活动中结识了爱尔兰朋友Chris，现在他已回国。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.回忆活动经历；
2.分享个人收获；
3.希望保持联系。
◎写作要点
1.我突然想到"中国—爱尔兰文化节"已经过去一个星期了，但我仍然记得我们在节日期间度过的愉快时光，那使我们从学校生活中解脱出来。（occur， escape）
It suddenly occurs to me that a week has passed since the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， but I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together during the festival， which is an escape from our school life.
2.从中国书法到爱尔兰绘画，我们目睹了各种各样具有民族特色的杰作。（diverse， ethnic， at first hand）
From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings， we got a glimpse of diverse ethnic masterpieces at first hand.
3.除了艺术，文化节还通过一系列历史资料展现了两国深远的历史。（apart from， collection， historical）
Apart from the art， the festival also unfolded the two countries’ profound history through a collection of historical materials.
4.从这次经历中，我真正理解到，地理分隔不一定会带来文化冲突。（bring about）
From this experience， I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts.
5.无论未来我们在哪里定居，我都希望我们的友谊将永远持续下去。（settle down）
I hope our friendship will last forever wherever we settle down in the future.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Chris，
How is everything going？ It suddenly occurs to me that a week has passed since the China-Ireland Cultural Festival， but I can still recall the enjoyable time we spent together during the festival， which is an escape from our school life.
From Chinese calligraphy to Irish paintings， we got a glimpse of diverse ethnic masterpieces at first hand. Apart from the art， the festival also unfolded the two countries’ profound history through a collection of historical materials. From this experience， I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily bring about cultural conflicts.
At last， I hope our friendship will last forever wherever we settle down in the future. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之感动与感激
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 move， touch， appreciate； grateful， thankful， moved， touched； appreciation， thanks， gratitude 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她的演讲深深地打动了我，我决心更加努力地学习。 Deeply moved/touched by her speech ， I was determined to study harder. （过去分词作状语） 2.来自陌生人的温暖融化了他的心，让他觉得这个世界依然充满了爱和希望。 The warmth from a stranger melted his heart ， which made him feel the world was still filled with love and hope. 3.得知她的孩子已经获救，她流下了喜悦和感激的泪水。 Hearing that her child had been saved， she shed tears of joy and gratitude . 4.我送了一大束花给这位护士，感谢她在疗养院对我爷爷无微不至的照顾。 I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse to express my gratitude/thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home. 5.得知他为她做了这么多事情，她感动得流下了眼泪。 Knowing that he had done so much for her， she was moved to tears .
词 组 1.be deeply moved/touched被深深感动 2.touch one’s heart触动某人的心 3.melt one’s heart融化某人的心 4.be moved to tears感动得热泪盈眶 5.shed tears of gratitude流下感激的泪水 6.express thanks/gratitude to sb. for sth.因为某事感谢某人
佳 句 1.A warm current welled up in his heart the moment he realized how much his father had devoted to him. 当他意识到父亲为他付出了多少时，他心中涌起了一股暖流。 2.Her palms sweating， throat tightening and tears streaming down her face， she was touched beyond words. 她手心冒汗，喉咙发紧，泪流满面，感动得说不出话来。 3.She accepted the flowers， with her eyes filled with tears of gratitude.她接过鲜花，眼里噙满了感激的泪水。
一、阅读理解
A
[2023山东枣庄一模]I still remember my father’s embarrassment the day when he was invited to have dinner at a colleague’s house. Freshly arriving in Brazil， and not being able to look up on the Internet， he offended his hosts by making a hand gesture — a circle with the thumb and index finger. He had always understood it to mean "OK"， but in Brazil， it meant something different.
The episode was swiftly forgotten. My father’s colleague understood that he probably wasn’t yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture. He gently explained it meant something rude， and then it was filed away under "things not to be done in Rio".
I was reminded myself in China. After I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant "keep fighting"， another friend told me I used it wrong.
"The Chinese version is a bit different，" she said， taking out her phone and showing it to me. "See these characters？ They mean ‘I will hit you！’"
Life is full of crossed meanings. In India， you sign to someone to come over with your palm down， not up. And in the Middle East， you never use your left hand for anything public.
As adults， we understand that even if it hurts， a mistake is only an insult（侮辱） when it is deliberate. Yet， many conflicts come from misunderstanding， and history is full of the unfortunate outcomes of cross-cultural communication.
My father’s pre-Internet Brazilian mistake was forgiven because of context — he had just arrived and he didn’t know its local meaning. But when context is absent or simply differently understood — especially in the social media — perhaps we all should think twice before typing or talking， especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker.
本文为说明文，通过一些例子介绍了文化差异。
1. What is the topic of the text？
A. Cultural difference.
B. Language and culture.
C. Sign language.
D. Good manners.
解析 A 文章主旨题。由第一段中的"He had always understood it to mean‘OK’， but in Brazil， it meant something different"和第三段中的"After I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant ‘keep fighting’， another friend told me I used it wrong"以及第五段中的"In India， you sign to someone to come over with your palm down， not up. And in the Middle East， you never use your left hand for anything public"可知，文章主要讲述文化差异，故选A。
2. What does the author want to show by telling his father’s story？
A. The OK sign means differently in Brazil.
B. Cross-cultural mistakes are common.
C. The Internet helps to avoid mistakes.
D. Misunderstandings lead to bad results.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"He had always understood it to mean‘OK’， but in Brazil， it meant something different"及第二段中的"My father’s colleague understood that he probably wasn’t yet aware of the local meaning of the gesture"可推知，作者想通过讲述父亲的故事来表明跨文化错误是常见的，故选B。
3. What did the author mean to do by using the Van Gogh sticker？
A. To greet his friend.
B. To encourage his friend.
C. To threaten his friend.
D. To make fun of his friend.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第三段中的"After I replied to a friend’s WeChat message with a Van Gogh sticker that I thought meant ‘keep fighting’， another friend told me I used it wrong"可知，作者打算鼓励他的朋友，故选B。
4. What might happen if there is no context？
A. Cultural conflicts.
B. Forgiveness.
C. Cultural gaps.
D. Mutual respect.
解析 A 细节理解题。由最后一段中的"But when context is absent or simply differently understood — especially in the social media — perhaps we all should think twice before typing or talking， especially when the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker"可知，本题选A。
【易错点拨】 部分学生可能会辨别不清cultural conflicts和cultural gaps的区别而错选C项。cultural conflicts强调的是文化冲突，cultural gaps强调的是文化差异，而文中最后一句中的"the consequences can be more severe than the misuse of a WeChat sticker"表明，不知道事情的背景或来龙去脉，很容易引起文化冲突。
B
[2023内蒙古包头一模]The Chinese new year begins on 22 January， 2023 and lasts until 9 February， 2023. While most of Asia celebrates the year of the rabbit， Vietnam celebrates the year of the cat. In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖）， there are 12 animals， and the 4th animal is the rabbit， while in the Vietnamese zodiac， the 4th position is occupied by the cat. How the cat covered for the rabbit in Vietnam’s zodiac is still the subject of debate.
It was said that the Jade Emperor organized a race across a river for all the animals in the world. The first 12 to reach the other side would appear in the zodiac. In the Chinese version of the story， the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race， turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. However， in the Vietnamese version — which did not have a rabbit — the cat could swim and ended up arriving.
One possible explanation for replacing rabbit with cat might have to do with language. In old Chinese， there’s a word tied to the sign of the rabbit that is pronounced mao（卯）. The pronunciation is similar to mèo， the Vietnamese word for cat.
Quyen Di， a lecturer at UCLA， said the custom has to do with the landscape of Vietnam. "Initially， the Chinese lived in the savanna（稀树草原） area， while the Vietnamese lived in the lowland area，" he says. "The people of the savanna preferred a nomadic life， close to the wilderness， and they chose the rabbit as an animal that lived in the wild fields. In contrast， the lowland people of Vietnam considered rabbits as animals that were used for food and chose the cat because they believed cats were friends living in their houses."
This year， many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed cases for their mobile phones. And one of the top online searches in Vietnam is "why there is no cat in the Chinese zodiac".
本文为说明文，主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔。
1. What does the underlined phrase "covered for" in paragraph 1 probably mean？
A. Took charge of. B. Fought for.
C. Took the place of. D. Depended on.
解析 C 词义猜测题。由第一段中的"In the Chinese zodiac（十二生肖）， there are 12 animals， and the 4th animal is the rabbit， while in the Vietnamese zodiac， the 4th position is occupied by the cat"可知，与中国的十二生肖中的第四位是兔不同的是，在越南的十二生肖中，第四位是猫，即：兔的位置被猫代替了，由此可知，covered for应与took the place of意义相同，故选C。
2. What can we learn from the Vietnamese zodiac story？
A. The Jade Emperor showed favor to the cat.
B. The rabbit fell into the river in the zodiac race.
C. The cat finished fourth by swimming across the river.
D. The rat and the rabbit were enemies in ancient times.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"In the Chinese version of the story， the cat and the rat were riding across a river on an ox when the rat pushed the cat into the water. The rat won the race， turning the two animals into enemies. That is why cats have been hunting rats ever since. However， in the Vietnamese version — which did not have a rabbit — the cat could swim and ended up arriving"可知，由于在越南的生肖中没有兔，所以猫游过河并获得了第四名，故选C。
3. According to Quyen Di， what made the Vietnamese choose the cat？
A. Their living environment.
B. Their language pronunciation.
C. Their lifestyle of raising cats as pets.
D. Their custom of hunting rabbits for food.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第四段中的"In contrast， the lowland people of Vietnam considered rabbits as animals that were used for food and chose the cat because they believed cats were friends living in their houses"可知，越南人在选择生肖的动物时，猫的选择受到了他们的生存环境的影响，生活在低地区的人认为兔子是可以用来作为食物的动物，而猫则是作为他们家里的朋友而存在的动物，故选A。
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text？
A. The History of the Chinese Zodiac
B. Ways of Celebrating the Year of the Rabbit
C. The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Culture
D. The Origin of the Year of the Cat in Vietnam
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了越南生肖与中国生肖的区别，重点介绍了猫和兔。文章提供了关于越南猫年的起源的信息，并探讨了可能的原因，因此D项做文章标题最佳。
二、七选五
[2024天星原创]Moving from one culture to another is exciting， but it is also a stressful experience. Transitioning（过渡） to a completely new culture almost always results in a culture shock for all people. 1 Some hardly notice its effect at all， while others can find it very difficult to adapt to their new environment.
I grew up in Kazakhstan， where most of the information I had about America came from its movies. The purpose of those movies was always to entertain viewers， while details of American life may not be accurately described. I had been dreaming about coming here for so long. 2
Americans find it easy to make casual friends. They become friends first and build trust later if at all. Americans make friends and become relatively close in no time. 3 In my culture， we believe in building friendships and staying connected after the trust is built. Only after coming to America did I realize that my self-identification as a reserved person is part of my cultural identity with Kazakh culture.
4 Americans find it uncomfortable if others stand too close. When friends or family greet， they give a short hug and step aside to have some distance for conversation. We Kazakh people like to speak sitting or standing close to each other. Also， it’s considered disrespectful to keep a large distance during the conversation.
Part of the excitement of living in a new culture is learning about how it differs from my own culture. 5 By learning to understand and navigate（正确处理） the culture of another country， I have become a more open-minded person. It has taught me to shape my own cultural identity.
A. But it’s easy for them to disappear from one another’s life.
B. Different people might experience culture shock differently.
C. It is therefore necessary to know how to handle culture shock.
D. But I had never expected that I would have a culture shock in America.
E. Another shocking observation for me was the informality of the Americans.
F. I always compare my values and customs with the values and customs in America.
G. American culture is also different from mine in terms of a sense of personal space.
本文介绍了作者经历的文化冲击。
1.B 空前提到对所有人来说，过渡到一个全新的文化几乎总会带来文化冲击，空后提到一些人几乎注意不到它的影响，而另外一些人发现适应新环境非常难。由此可知，B项（不同的人经历文化冲击的方式可能不同）与上下文联系紧密，故选B项。
2.D 由上文的"I had been dreaming about coming here for so long"及下文内容可知，空处内容应与作者经历文化冲击有关。D项（但是我从未想过我会在美国经历文化冲击）与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文内容，故选D。
3.A 空前提到美国人很容易交上朋友并很快变得亲近，空后提到哈萨克斯坦人则是在信任建立后建立友谊并保持联系。由此可知，空处前后形成对比，故A项（但是他们很容易从彼此的生活中消失）符合语境，故选A。
4.G 由空后内容，尤其是"Americans find it uncomfortable if others stand too close"和"We Kazakh people like to speak sitting or standing close to each other"可知，本段主要介绍的是作者发现的美国文化和自己国家文化的另一个不同之处，且它与个人空间有关，G项与此相符，可充当段落的主题句，故选G。
5.F 由空前的"Part of the excitement...my own culture"和空后提到的了解和正确处理另一个国家的文化教会作者塑造自己的文化身份可知，空处应涉及两种文化的对比。F项（我总是对比我自己国家和美国的价值观和风俗）符合语境，故选F。
三、完形填空
[2023辽宁葫芦岛二模]I was born in the Netherlands and lived there until I was 30 years old. In the Dutch context， I was emotionally intelligent， and I 1 expected that this could be any different.
When at the University of Michigan， I joined a discussion on 2 . I introduced myself in an understated （Dutch） way as "interested in culture and emotion". The professor， to fit American 3 ， added that I was one of the world’s experts on culture and emotion. In response， I looked down in 4 and said in a low voice that "expert" was a big word.
I lived in North Carolina and had new friends coming over to dinner. Conversations were lively that evening. When my guests left， they 5 me for dinner. My heart sank， because in the Netherlands， "thanking for dinner" means the relationship is 6 .
The Netherlands and the US do not have massively different 7 . But emotional interactions between individuals from these different cultures are not 8 . The professor meant to make me feel good， but instead made me 9 . My friends meant to show gratitude， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead. Where did it go wrong in these interactions？
I now think the answer is that we were interacting with different 10 in mind. In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves： other people help you 11 and have self-esteem（自尊）. You are an expert， and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner. 12 ， in the Netherlands， it is important to make true 13 with other people， and not to pretend you are better than anybody else. The daily dances of emotions are 14 ： Americans dance to the music of making each other special， while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection. And when you 15 them up， people start stepping on each other’s toes.
作者一直生活在荷兰，但在美国与人情感交流的经历让他意识到美国和荷兰的情感交流目的不同，美国重视夸赞，荷兰重视坦诚。
1.A. never B. rarely
C. usually D. sometimes
解析 A 作者从未（never）想过情感表达上会有什么不同，故选A。
2.A. manners B. emotions
C. literature D. intelligence
解析 B 由"interested in culture and emotion"中的"emotion"可知，作者对情感感兴趣，由此可知，作者参加了一个关于情感（emotions）的讨论，故选B。
3.A. standards B. procedures
C. policies D. requirements
解析 A 由最后一段中的"In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves"可知，在美国，人们自我感觉良好是很重要的。由此可知，教授是以美国的标准（standards）介绍作者是"世界上文化和情感方面的专家之一"，故选A项。
4.A. anger B. delight
C. disappointment D. embarrassment
解析 D 由"‘expert’ was a big word"可知，作者认为用"专家"来形容过誉了，由此可知，作者尴尬地低下了头， 故选D项。
5.A. asked B. praised
C. thanked D. blamed
解析 C 由"thanking for dinner"中的"thanking" 可知，客人们对作者的晚餐表示感谢，故选C项。
6.A. distant B. insincere
C. harmonious D. meaningful
解析 A 由"they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead"中的"distancing"可知，在荷兰，"谢谢你的晚餐"意味着这段关系是疏远的，故选A。
7.A. origins B. cultures
C. environments D. languages
解析 B 荷兰和美国的文化没有太大的不同，但来自这两种不同文化的人之间的情感互动并不流畅，故选B。
8.A. complicated B. interesting
C. fluent D. regular
解析 C 由"My friends meant to show gratitude， but they made me think they were distancing themselves from us instead"可知，作者和朋友间的情感互动并不流畅，故选C。
9.A. annoyed B. anxious
C. humble D. uncomfortable
解析 D 由"In response， I looked down in 4 and said in a low voice that ‘expert’ was a big word"可知，作者认为用"专家"来形容过誉了，由此可知，教授的话让作者感到不舒服，故选D项。
10.A. methods B. purposes
C. expectations D. feelings
解析 B 由"In the US， it is important that people feel good about themselves"和"in the Netherlands， it is important to make true 13 with other people， and not to pretend you are better than anybody else"可知，美国人互动时的目的是夸赞，荷兰人互动时的目的是与他人坦诚相待，由此可知，美国人和荷兰人在互动时考虑到了不同的目的，故选B。
11.A. stand out B. show off
C. calm down D. cheer up
解析 A 由"You are an expert， and you made the special effort to cook us this delicious dinner"可知，美国人喜欢赞美别人，由此可知，他们会帮助你从人群中脱颖而出，故选A。
12.A. In turn B. Above all
C. After all D. By contrast
解析 D 由上文美国人重视夸赞，下文荷兰人重视坦诚相待可知，文中把美国和荷兰的交流方式进行了对比，"By contrast"意为"相比之下"，符合语境，故选D。
13.A. promises B. contributions
C. connections D. comparisons
解析 C 由"while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection"中的"true connection"可知，荷兰人重视与他人建立真正的联系，故选C。
14.A. personal B. different
C. important D. widespread
解析 B 由"Americans dance to the music of making each other special， while the Dutch dance to the music of true connection"可知，美国和荷兰情感交流的方式不同，故本题选B。
15.A. build B. take
C. pick D. mix
解析 D 由上文可知，美国和荷兰情感交流的方式不同。那么，当两种文化相遇时，就会引起混乱和误解，故选D。build up"创建；增强"；take up"开始从事"；pick up"拿起，举起"；mix up"弄混，弄乱"。UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. astronaut n.宇航员；太空人
2. vehicle n.交通工具；车辆
3. launch vt.& n.发射；发起；上市
4. giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人
5. leap n.跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
6. mankind n.人类
7. data n.[pl.]资料；数据
8. signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号
9. recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
10. muscle n.肌肉；实力；影响力
11. float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流
12. otherwise adv.否则；要不然
13. beyond prep.在更远处；超出
14. current adj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮
15. sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
16. facility n.设施；设备
17. keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
18. shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
19. pattern n.模式；图案；模范
20. monitor n.监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
21. resource n.资源；财力；物力
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. mental adj.精神的；思想的→ mentally adv.精神上
2. intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ intelligence n.智力；聪明；智能
3. determine vt.查明；确定；决定→ determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ determination n.决心；决定
4. disappoint vt.& vi.使失望→ disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→ disappointing adj.令人失望的→ disappointment n.失望
5. desire n.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→ desired adj.渴望的，想要的→ desirable adj.可取的；值得做的
6. independent adj.独立的；自立的→ independently adv.自立地；独立地→ independence n.独立
7. lack vt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺→ lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
8. globe n.地球；世界；地球仪→ global adj.全球的；全世界的→ globalize vi.& vt.（使）全球化
9. argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→ argument n.争论；争吵；论点
10. analysis n.（对事物的）分析；分析结果→ analyze/analyse vt.分析
11. regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→ regularly adv.经常；定期地
12. limit n.限制；极限；界限vt.限制→ limited adj.有限的→ limitless/unlimited adj.无限的
13. close vt.& vi.关闭adj.近的；亲密的→ closed adj.关闭的；不接受新思想的→ closely adv.仔细地；严密地→ closing adj.结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭
14. mystery n.神秘事物；谜→ mysterious adj.神秘的
15. attach vt.系；绑；贴→ attached adj.附属的；依恋的→ attachment n.附件；附属品；依恋
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
2.rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
3.gravity n. 重力；引力
4.frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
5.universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
6.satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
7.orbit n. （环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围 vt.& vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
8.agency n. （政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处
9.transmit vt.& vi. 传输；发送
10.ongoing adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
11.spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
12.solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
13.towel n. 毛巾；抹布
14.tissue n. 纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织
15.fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
16.high-end adj. 高端的
17.pillow n. 枕头
18.smartphone n. 智能手机
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. carry on 继续做，坚持干
2. on board 在宇宙飞船上；在船（飞机）上
3. in the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4. so as to （do sth.） 为了；以便
5. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6. result in 导致；造成
7. as a result 所以；结果（是）
8. provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9. in closing 最后
10. run out 用完；耗尽
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.Afterwards， the USSR focused on sending people into space， and on 12 April 1961， Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space .（不定式作后置定语）
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed ， but the desire to explore the universe never died. （make＋宾语＋宾补）
这些灾难使人伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
3.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.（状语从句的省略）
宇航员在太空工作时必须用绑带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。
4.Firstly， exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. （v-ing作主语）
首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。
5.While sleeping， they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around .（so as to do作目的状语）
睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在什么东西上，以防四处飘浮。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Just now， he leapt/leaped （跳跃） across the room to answer the door.
2.If trapped in a flooded building， move to the highest floor and try to signal for help like drawing "SOS" on the roof.
3.The basketball team has three-hour regular training every day.
4. Launched in the Alipay app， Ant Forest plants real trees to encourage its users to live a low-carbon life.
5.Rather than going to the machine to check on whether the laundry is done， users can instead monitor it on their phones.
6.The shortage of water has become a global problem that needs to be solved urgently.
7.Chinese astronauts stepped out of the spacecraft into space， marking China’s space industry has a new beginning.
8.The objective of the plan would be to recycle 98 per cent of domestic waste.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Since Linda graduated from the university and became independent in 2002， she has earned her living independently .（independent）
2.A person’s life is limited but knowledge is limitless/unlimited .（limit）
3.An intelligent person can often simplify the complex with his or her intelligence .（intelligent）
4.She is a determined girl. Once she is determined to do something， she will make it with great determination .（determine）
5.We have to pay attention to some mental problems so that we can stay mentally healthy.（mental）
6.To my disappointment ， I noticed a disappointed expression on his face because of his disappointing test score.（disappoint）
7.The job involves gathering and analysing data， and after that you should hand in an analysis report.（analyse）
8.They were so attached to each other， and such attachment led to their marriage.（attach）
9.Generally speaking， the lack of investment lies in the fact that the company is lacking in an innovative product.（lack）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
carry on run out provide for
in the hope of result in figure out
1.Even small changes in lifestyle and diet can result in significant weight loss.
2.The meal over， the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on with their discussion.
3.Though she is jobless，she has saved enough money to provide for her children.
4.Protecting the environment is very important as the world’s natural resources are running out .
5.The police are trying to figure out the truth of the accident.
6.I will practise my English writing in the hope of making it better.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.通常是老人最先品尝端上桌的食物。（不定式作后置定语）
It is the elderly who are usually the first to taste the food served on the table.
2.我在篮子里放了一些松木树枝，使这个窝既安全又舒适。（make＋宾语＋宾补）
I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable .
3.如果能够得到这份工作，我一定会成为一名好导游。（状语从句的省略）
If given the job ， I’m sure to be a good guide.
4.用英语写日记可以帮助我们在英语写作方面取得快速进步。（v-ing作主语）
Keeping a diary in English can help us make rapid progress in English writing.
5.几天前，为了弄清楚高中生认为最有用的应用程序有哪些，人们做了一项调查。（so as to do作目的状语）
A few days ago， a survey was conducted so as to find out what apps senior high school students regard as the most useful.
For thousands of years， lack of sufficient data results in the fact that space is still a mystery to us. Mankind keeps an ongoing desire for space exploration， hoping to figure out how stars and planets operate， although some people argue that we should stop wasting money on it， which is a rather shallow belief. Intelligent people have always attached great importance to universe exploration in the hope of discovering more resources， which on earth are limited and running out.
Decades ago， many scientists were determined to make space flight come true with special vehicles. With the first satellite launched and orbiting around Earth successfully， Yuri Gagarin became the first astronaut to be sent into space. After that， Neil Armstrong succeeded in stepping onto the moon， signaling a giant leap for mankind. Despite some disappointing failures， human beings are still keen to carry on exploring universe so as to learn its secrets.
After sending humans into space independently in 2003， China has made great progress beyond expectations — Tiangong 2 docked with Tianzhou 1， Chang’e 4 landed on the moon， and so on.
1 determine vt.查明；确定；决定
1.She determines to carry （carry） on with her education independently.
2.[外研必修③－2]This insight grew from the determined （determine） attitude of a six-year-old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality.
3.[外研选必③－1]What impress me most are her courage， skill and determination （determine）...
4.家庭教育对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。 （个人观点）
Family education plays an important part in determining a person’s character .
5. Determined to reach the finish line （决心冲向终点线）， he ignored the pain from his bleeding ankles and ran as fast as his legs could carry him. （读后续写之动作描写）
★determine to do sth.决定做某事（强调动作） ★determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的 be determined to do sth.决心/决定做某事（强调状态） ★determination n.决心；坚定 ★"决定做某事"的表达还有decide to do sth.， make up one’s mind to do sth.等。
2 desire n.渴望，欲望 vt.渴望；期望
1.[外研必修③－5]Research also suggests that our desire to seek （seek） risks can be connected to how much we expect to benefit from the result.
2.[外研选必③－2]There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions， as well as a desire for high-quality products.
3.After a few months， her only desire is that her son （should） recover （recover） from the serious illness.
desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should＋动词原形"形式，should可省略。
4.如果你渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
（邀请信）
→①If you desire to communicate fluently with foreigners in English ，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away. （desire v.，不定式）
→②If you have a strong desire that you （should） communicate fluently with foreigners in English ， I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Corner right away. （desire n.，that从句）
appeal to sb. for/to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事；appeal to sb.还可意为"对某人有吸引力"，例如：The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
★have a （strong） desire for sth./that...（should） do sth.（强烈）渴望得到某物/……做某事 a desire to do sth.做某事的愿望 ★desire （sb.） to do sth.渴望（某人）做某事 desire that... （should） do sth.渴望……做某事 ★desirable adj.可取的，值得做的
3 signal vt.标志着，表明 （indicate）；表示，表达 vt.& vi.发信号 n.信号；标志 （sign）；信号灯
1.A police car drew abreast（并排） of us and signaled us to stop （stop）.
2. The moment the bell signal（l）ed （铃声一响起）， Richard rose to his feet， seized his schoolbag and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow. （the moment引导的时间状语从句） （读后续写之动作描写）
注意signal可直接加-ed或-ing，也可以双写l后再加。signal（l）ed； signal（l）ing。
3.司机小心地抱起受伤的男孩，把他安置在车后排，不顾路边的红绿灯，赶紧把他送到医院。（读后续写之动作描写）
The driver carefully picked up the injured boy， settled him in the back of the car and rushed him to the hospital， ignoring the traffic signals along the road .（分词短语作状语）
★signal （to） sb. to do sth.示意某人做某事 signal （to sb.） that示意（某人）…… ★traffic signals/lights 红绿灯
4 lack n.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
1.[人教选必①－4]His lack of eye contact when talking with people shows that he lacks confidence.
2.They gave up carrying on the plan for lack of money.
3.Though Jack was lacking in experience， he made up for it by working extra hard.
4.由于个人信息的泄露和频繁的高科技诈骗，在这个信息时代，我们似乎缺乏安全感。
→①Because of the leak of personal information and frequent high-tech fraud， it seems that we lack a sense of security in this information era. （lack v.）
→②Because of the leak of personal information and frequent high-tech fraud， it seems that we are lacking in a sense of security in this information era. （lacking）
→③The leak of personal information and frequent high-tech fraud seem to cause a lack of a sense of security in this information era. （lack n.）
★（a/the） lack of... 缺乏…… for lack of... 因缺乏…… no lack of... 不缺…… ★lacking adj.缺少的，不足的 be lacking in... 缺少……
5 argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩 vi.争吵
1.Recently the couple have argued with each other a great deal since they have different analysis on the mystery.
2.[人教选必②－3] Put more simply， while people continue to argue about/over whether or not fatty food is dangerous， we already know that sugar is a killer.
3.The workers managed to argue their boss into giving them a pay rise.
注意into为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。
4.[北师选必③－7]You and your parents are having an argument （argue） about you staying out late on Friday night.
注意argue变成名词时，去-e再加-ment。
5.Some students think that wearing uniforms saves a lot of time for them. （正反观点）
→ Some students argue that wearing uniforms saves a lot of time for them.（词汇升级）
6.Currently， 60％ respondents argue for （支持） garbage classification and people who argue against （反对） it are in the minority. （正反观点）
★argue with sb. about/over sth.就某事与某人争吵/争论 argue that主张/认为…… argue for/against （doing） sth.赞成/反对（做）某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事 ★argument n.争论，争吵；论点 have an argument with sb. about/over sth.就某事与某人发生争吵/争论
6 attach vt.系；绑；贴；附上
1.[北师必修①－3]Next， the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.
2.[外研选必④－1]As stated in my attached （attach） CV， I can speak both English and French fluently.
句意：如所附简历所述，我能流利地说英语和法语。 CV在此表示"简历"，相当于resume。
3.Generally， children are more attached （attach） to their mother than their father.
4.她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着"母亲节快乐"。
She found a box lying on the table with a card attached to it ，saying "Happy Mother’s Day".
5.学校应该重视学生的全面发展，而不仅仅是他们的成绩。 （个人观点）
Schools should attach significance/importance to students’ all-round development rather than only their grades.
be attached to中to为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。
★attach...to把……系/绑/贴/附在……上 attach （great） importance/significance/value to认为……（极为）重要/有价值 ★attached adj.热爱……的；附属的 be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于 ★attachment n.附件；附属物；拥护；爱慕
7 carry on继续做，坚持干（keep， continue， go on， stick to）
1.[外研选必①－3]...Stephen was thought...to be too short， too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps. But Stephen carried on . Playing basketball was his dream.
2.Carry on exercising （exercise） and you will be in good shape.
3.Lacking sufficient oxygen， the astronaut could not carry on with the mission.
4.If you continue working like that， you will break down sooner or later.
→If you carry on working like that， you will break down sooner or later.（词汇升级）
★carry on with/doing sth.继续做某事 carry sth. on＝carry on sth.继续某事
8 result in 导致，造成（cause， lead to， bring about， contribute to， account for ） （后跟结果）
1.[北师选必①－3]Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge forest fire in May 2016.
2.[译林选必②－1]There have been a number of changes to the Pulitzer Prizes over time. Some of these resulted from advances in technology.
3.Kids will feel that parents don’t care and， as a result （结果）， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
常见的表示结果的衔接词语还有：so， therefore， consequently， as a consequence， thus， hence， accordingly等。
4.毫无疑问，人类活动造成了恶劣的环境。
→①There is no doubt that human activities result in the bad environment . （result v.）
→②There is no doubt that the bad environment results from human activities . （result v.）
→③There is no doubt that the environment becomes worse as a result of human activities . （result n.）
★result from由……造成（后跟原因） ★as a result结果 as a result of由于……
9 run out用完，耗尽（be used up）；（文件）过期，失效 （物作主语，无被动语态）
1.Tom started to run after Jerry at the sight of him， so Jerry had to run away . Jerry was so nervous that he ran into a tree accidentally after a few minutes’ chase. Finally， their strength ran out .
2.I ran through the text message in a hurry， not understanding a word of it.
3.我们的汽油快用完了，所以我们不得不在加油站停下来，在那儿我们又偶然遇见了那个男人。
We were running out of petrol /Our petrol was running out ， so we had to stop at the filling station， where we ran into/across the man again .
run out （of） 常用进行时表示将来。run out为不及物动词，通常物作主语；而run out of后可跟宾语，通常人作主语。
★run out of （＝use up） 用完（人作主语） run away （from...）逃离；避开 run for 竞选 run after 追求；追逐 run into 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）； 途中遭遇（恶劣天气） run across偶然遇到；穿过 run through 快速阅读；迅速传遍
10 动词不定式作后置定语
1.[人教必修②－3]She realised that one of the greatest benefits of the Internet was its ability to remove （remove） the distance that usually exists between people.
2.The first person to arrive （arrive） was Tony Garcia from Colombia， closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
3.There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to contact （contact） you failed.
4.我个人认为，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。 （申请信）
Personally， I think I am the best person to take up the job .
★当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。 ★动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way， time， ability， chance， ambition， anxiety， belief， attempt等。
前缀pro-/pre-/fore-
本单元：pro-（在前，向前）＋-ced-（行走，前进）＋-ure结果→前面经过的历程→procedure程序；步骤；手续
拓展：
其他表示"在前，向前"的前缀：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.No one could have foreseen that things would turn out this way. It is so surprising！ v.预见
see"看"，foresee→提前看到→预见。
2.[人教选必④－2]The Eiffel Tower...wasn’t always so popular. In fact， in 1886， just after its construction was first proposed， many were strongly against it. v.提议
-pos-"放置"，词尾＋e ，propose→提前摆放出来→提议，打算。
3.[2022全国乙]However， we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies exposed. adj.学龄前的
school"学校"，preschool→上学前的→学龄前的。
4.None of us can foretell what lies ahead， so what we can do is to value every moment of our lives. v.预言，预测，预知
tell"说"，foretell→预先说→预言。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Somehow， these arguments （argue） and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
2.[2023全国乙]Once we found the place， it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited （limit） time.
3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]As a special education teacher at the school， I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination （determine）.
4. [2022全国乙] The more regularly （regular） they can be inspected， the more railway safety， reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
5.[2022北京] Crystal set out to change that， and helped to create a global （globe） movement.
6. [2022浙江1月]The project required each team to develop a hypothesis（假说）， set up an experiment to test the hypothesis， do the statistical analysis （analyse） and present the findings.
7.[2021新高考Ⅱ]For the first few days， Kynan was always a bit disappointed （disappoint） that the cubs（幼兽） weren’t there.
注意a bit， a little， a little bit修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级；a bit of， a little of， a little bit of修饰名词。根据空前的a bit可知，空处应用形容词。
8.[2021浙江]The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
9.[2020新高考Ⅰ]His efforts have resulted in 1，360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
10.[2020全国Ⅰ] While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three were given to me as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
I attach to them为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰the meaning，关系词在定语从句中作宾语。句意：尽管我常常买很多书，但这三本是别人送给我的礼物，这一点也许增加了我赋予它们的意义。
11.[全国Ⅲ]For many older people...driving is important for preserving their independence （independent）， giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.示意 B. v.发信号 C. n.信号灯
①[2022全国乙]With their ability to see ahead， they could signal any problem， so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. B
②[2020浙江]The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue， Washington， generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row， especially at rush hour. C
③[湖北高考]In order not to be heard， she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs. A
2.[2020天津]If you want to have a business of your own， your local library can become a launch space for it. n.发起
此处launch没有变形，故不是动词，是名词。launch常见的意思还有"v.发射（火箭、导弹或卫星）"。
3.[北京高考]Because of the way light reflects off the organisms， these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. n.图案
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——最喜爱的小说
你班英语老师请大家以"My Favorite Novel"为题准备一份发言稿，以便在下次的口语课上分享，内容包括：
1.书名及作者；
2.主要内容；
3.心得体会。
◎写作要点
1.我很高兴向你们介绍我最喜欢的书《八十天环游地球》，它由法国杰出作家Jules Verne撰写，希望你们也会感兴趣。（in the hope that）
I’m glad to introduce you to my favorite book Around the World in Eighty Days written by Jules Verne， an outstanding French writer， in the hope that you will be also interested.
2.这是一部科幻小说，讲述了一位英国绅士Phileas Fogg先生的故事，他决心在八十天内环游世界。（determined， globe）
It is science fiction about an English gentleman， Mr. Phileas Fogg， who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days.
3.即使面临许多困难和挑战，他仍继续他的旅程，并最终实现了目标。（carry on）
Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges， he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal.
4.作者生动的描述和Phileas Fogg先生对探索世界的强烈愿望给我留下了深刻印象。（desire n.）
I am deeply impressed by the writer’s vivid description and Mr. Phileas Fogg’s strong desire for the exploration of the world.
5.只有读了这本小说，我才完全明白是勇气和胆量让我们成功，并激励我们不断前进。（result in）
Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
My Favorite Novel
Hello，everyone. I’m glad to introduce you to my favorite book Around the World in Eighty Days written by Jules Verne， an outstanding French writer， in the hope that you will be also interested.
It is science fiction about an English gentleman， Mr. Phileas Fogg， who is determined to travel around the globe within eighty days. Even faced with lots of difficulties and challenges， he carries on with his journey and finally achieves his goal. I am deeply impressed by the writer’s vivid description and Mr. Phileas Fogg’s strong desire for the exploration of the world.
Only by reading this novel have I fully understood it is bravery and courage that result in our success and inspire us to move forward constantly.
写作二 读后续写——情感描写之宽慰与骄傲
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 relief， pride； relieved， proud 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他高昂着头，把奖杯抱在胸前，站在队伍的前面。 Holding his head high ， he held the cup against his breast and stood at the head of the line.（现在分词作状语） 2.得知孩子们安全后，她如释重负地松了一口气。 Knowing her children were safe， she breathed a sigh of relief . 3.我自信且骄傲地走进体育馆，期待着为自己近期的胜利再添一冠。 Confident and proud ， I walked into the stadium expecting to add another crown to my recent success.（形容词短语作状语） 4.我为自己感到骄傲，因为我从来没想到自己可以成为救援队的一分子并真正发挥作用。 I was proud of/took pride in myself， as I had never imagined I could be part of a rescue party and really make a difference. 5.我被震撼到了，为这个男孩的勇敢感到满腔自豪。 I was blown away and swelled with pride in the boy’s bravery. 6.他们看向彼此，心中一阵宽慰。在灾难中幸存让他们对这个世界深怀感恩。 They looked at each other， and felt a wave of relief . Surviving the disaster， they had a deep gratitude towards the world.
词 组 1.smile with relief宽慰地笑 2.a wave of relief一阵宽慰 3.to one’s great relief使某人大为宽慰的是 4.breathe a sigh of relief如释重负地松了口气 5.a mixture of warmth and relief温暖和宽慰交织 6.a great sense of pride强烈的自豪感 7.be proud of/take pride in以……为骄傲 8.hold one’s head high高昂着头 9.be full of pride/burst with pride 充满了自豪 10.swell with pride满腔自豪
佳 句 1.His eyes shining with delight and pride， he couldn’t say a word. 他眼里闪烁着喜悦与骄傲，一句话也说不出来。 2.We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter， sighing with relief. 我们成功爬上了直升机，松了一口气。 3.Feeling a rush of pride， she ran to her son and put her arms around him. 她突然感到一阵自豪，跑过去搂住了她的儿子。 4.I have never seen her cry before， but now I can see tears of relief welling up in her eyes.我从没有见她哭过，但是现在我看到她眼中涌出了宽慰的泪水。
一、阅读理解
A
[素材创新/2024天星原创]During space missions， astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones， reducing the density（密度） of them. For trips in space lasting at least 6 months， the bone loss is equal to about 20 years of aging. Fortunately， a new study finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the affected bones.
"Our bones are always remodeling（重塑），" notes exercise scientist Leigh Gabel. "But they’ll lose some of their strength when in space."
Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts. Each of these 14 men and 3 women had spent from 4 to 7 months in space. The team measured the 3-D structure of their bones. They focused on the structure of the tibia（胫骨） in the lower leg and the lower-arm bone. The researchers took images of the bones 4 times — before spaceflight， then when the astronauts returned from space， and again six months and one year later. From the pictures， they got to know an astronaut’s bone strength and density at each of those times.
Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth. But those who stayed in space longer suffered permanent bone loss in their tibias. That loss was equal to a decade of aging. The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bones on earth， Gabel explains. In fact， those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on earth as astronauts use them to move around their craft by pushing off handles and doorways.
"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs，" says exercise scientist Steven Boyd.
"With longer spaceflight， we can expect bigger bone loss — and probably a bigger problem with recovery，" says physiologist Laurence Vico. "Space agencies should also consider other bone heath measures to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation."
身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月的话，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。
1. What may the author think of the new study’s discovery？
A. It shows bone loss in space can be ignored.
B. It’s really beyond the researchers’ expectations.
C. It shows people on earth don’t suffer bone loss.
D. It’s probably good news for astronauts back from space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Fortunately， a new study finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the affected bones"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。
2. What does Para. 3 mainly talk about？
A. The focus of the researchers’ study.
B. How Gabel’s team carried out their research.
C. Why the researchers took pictures four times.
D. Changes of the astronauts’ bone strength and density.
解析 B 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。
3. What does the underlined word in Para. 4 probably mean？
A. Regular. B. Limited.
C. Everlasting. D. Typical.
解析 C 词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"With longer spaceflight， we can expect bigger bone loss — and probably a bigger problem with recovery"不难推知，permanent应该与recovered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。
4. Which of the following statements may Boyd agree with？
A. A spaceflight less than half a year does no harm to astronauts.
B. Astronauts can avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise.
C. Spaceflight should be limited as much as possible for astronauts’ safety.
D. Using some exercise devices for legs may help the astronauts in space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Boyd的话"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs"可知，本题选D。
B
[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclear bombs. That’s the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids（小行星） and comets as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. It’s about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.
In images streamed（传输） as the crash neared， the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rocky surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nothing going wrong. "As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense test was a success，" said Elena Adams， the mission systems engineer， who added that scientists looked on with "both terror and joy" as the spacecraft neared its final destination.
The crash was the peak of NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanity’s first-ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months， scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the crash was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its original orbit.
NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026. "We’ve tracked lots of space rocks， especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down，" explains Lindley Johnson， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。
1. Why does the author mention the movies？
A. To make a prediction.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To provide a possibility.
D. To make a comparison.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Movies like Deep Impact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama"和第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft"可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2. What can we infer from the passage？
A. NASA pushed Dimorphos by crashing.
B. The 7-year program has drawn a conclusion.
C. NEO Surveyor has tracked lots of space rocks.
D. Dimorphos could cause extinction-level events.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft"和第三段中的"That’s just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos"可推知，本题选A。
3. Which statement does Lindley Johnson most possibly agree with？
A. Larger asteroids will not be a threat to Earth.
B. NASA should shoulder the responsibility for the crash.
C. Asteroids like Dimorphos are more destructive than other larger ones.
D. NEO Surveyor is expected to discover asteroids the size of Dimorphos.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026"和Lindley Johnson的话"But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos haven’t yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down"可推知，计划发射NEO Surveyor是为了发现像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，Lindley Johnson作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。
4. What is the best title for the passage？
A. The impact of planetary defense technology
B. A threat to Earth from asteroids
C. The contribution to space safety
D. An intentional crash in space
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。
二、完形填空
[2024天星原创]Katya Echazarreta， 26， made history when she became the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space.
"It’s been my life’s goal to get into the space 1 and reach space，" she said.
Born in Mexico， Katya moved with her family to San Diego at 7. At that young age， she asked her mother，"What do you think is the most 2 thing somebody can do？" Her mother 3 ， "For you， I think maybe being a（n） 4 ."
At that time， Katya 5 to someday meet that challenge and travel to space.
As a child， she would look up to the stars and believe she would someday reach them. She worked so hard in order to make that big 6 come true.
When her parents’ marriage came to an end， she helped 7 her younger brothers and sisters and started a job at McDonald’s. Though she had to work long hours， she never lost sight of her dream.
After college， she accepted an internship（实习） at NASA， achieving her first 8 of working in the space industry. She did a great job and was 9 a full-time job later.
In 2019， Katya heard of a 10 opportunity offered by Space for Humanity. The organization looked for applications for its first Citizen Astronaut program， which would 11 one person to join a six-person space flight as part of a June 2022 mission. 12 ， Katya was chosen from thousands of people.
"One of the most 13 things of this was getting to tell my mom，" Katya shared. She always thinks it was her mother’s 14 that kept her working hard and dreaming big. "The 15 in space was absolutely wonderful，" Katya added. "And I finally achieved my lifelong dream."
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。
1. A. wish B. information
C. industry D. organization
解析 C 投身太空行业（industry）和抵达太空一直是我的目标。
2. A. official B. popular
C. formal D. challenging
解析 D 你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meet that challenge相吻合。
3. A. replied B. shouted
C. explained D. ordered
解析 A 结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是"母亲回答说……"，故用replied。
4. A. engineer B. scientist
C. reporter D. astronaut
解析 D 结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是"航天员"，故选D。
5. A. stopped B. refused
C. agreed D. determined
解析 D 此处说的是"那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空"。
6.A. imagination B. dream
C. difficulty D. difference
解析 B 此处说的是"为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力"，故选B。
7. A. care for B. turn around
C. pick out D. prepare for
解析 A 此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（care for）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。
8.A. discussion B. responsibility
C. mission D. education
解析 C 此处说的是"完成她的第一个任务（mission）——进入太空行业工作"，故选C。
9.A. offered B. lent
C. prevented D. advised
解析 A Katya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。offer在此表示"给予，提供"。
10.A. serious B. basic
C. precious D. various
解析 C 此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precious）机会，故选C。
11.A. warn B. allow
C. invite D. cause
解析 B 此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。
12.A. Luckily B. Suddenly
C. Probably D. Generally
解析 A 幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。
13.A. popular B. beautiful
C. careful D. surprising
解析 B 此处说的是"这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈"，故选B。
14.A. doubt B. success
C. worry D. support
解析 D 她一直认为是妈妈的支持（support）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。
15.A. experience B. celebration
C. challenge D. imagination
解析 A 所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。
三、语法填空
[2023江西南昌一模]A small device， MOXIE， has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars， 1 （bring） the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. Research published in 2 journal Science Advances reported that MOXIE produced breathable oxygen in seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric（大气的） conditions last year. The research also found that even in extreme 3 （temperature） and after a Martian dust storm， MOXIE 4 （continue） to produce high-purity oxygen.
"This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 5 （they） chemically into something useful for a human mission，" Jeffrey Hoffman， a 6 （retire） astronaut， said.
"The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more7 （change） than that on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，" Hoffman said. "One aim is to show we can run MOXIE in all seasons."
The device， MOXIE， uses some special pumps， 8 suck in carbon dioxide. The gas 9 （heat） to 800 ℃ and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges， MOXIE has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10 a great achievement.
本文主要讲述了一个小设备MOXIE在火星表面合成了氧气这一事件。这是人类首次利用火星表面的资源并将其转化为对人类任务有用的东西。
1.bringing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has produced，空处所填词为非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，且此处表示主动关系，所以空处填bringing。
2.the 考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处表示特指，所以空处填定冠词the。
3.temperatures 考查名词的数。由空前的extreme可知，空处应用名词，此处表示各种极端温度，所以空处填名词复数temperatures。
4.continued 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作宾语从句的谓语。结合主句的谓语found可知，此处时态也用一般过去时；主语MOXIE与continue之间是主动关系，所以空处填continued。
5.them 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作transforming的宾语，应用宾格形式，所以空处填them。
6.retired 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰空后的名词astronaut，应用形容词，所以空处填retired（已退休的）。
7.changeable 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，表示事物的特征，应用形容词，所以空处填changeable。
8.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。
9.is heated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时；主语The gas与heat之间是被动关系；主语The gas表第三人称单数概念，所以空处填is heated。
10.as 考查介词。此处考查固定表达regard...as...（把……看作……）。
