高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册复习学案（5份打包，含答案）

UNIT 3　 FOOD AND CULTURE
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　prior　 adj.先前的；优先的
2.　stuff　 vt.填满 n.东西；物品
3.　exceptional　 adj.特别的，罕见的
4.　somewhat　 adv.有点；稍微
5.　regardless　 adv.不顾；不加理会
6.　category　 n.类别；种类
7.　quantity　 n.数量；数额
8.　ideal　 adj.完美的 n.理想；完美的人（或事物）
9.　fundamental　 adj.根本的；基础的 n.基本规律
10.　overall　 adv.总体上adj.全面的
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　prior　 adj.先前的；优先的→　priority　 n.优先事项；优先权
2.　elegant　 adj.精美的；讲究的；文雅的→　elegance　 n.优美；高雅
3.　except　 prep.除……之外→　exception　 n.例外→　exceptional　 adj.特别的；罕见的→　exceptionally　 adv.特别；非常
4.　minimum　 adj.最低（限度）的；最小的n.最小值；最少量→　minimal　 adj.极小的，极少的，最小的→　minimize　 vt.使减少到最低限度；贬低
5.　consume　 vt.吃；喝；消耗→　consumer　 n.消费者→　consumption　 n.消费；消耗
6.　stable　 adj.稳定的；稳重的→　stably　 adv.稳定地→　stability　 n.稳定（性）；稳固（性）
7.　associate　 vt.联系；联想→　association　 n.协会；关联
8.　modest　 adj.些许的；谦虚的；朴素的→　modesty　 n.谦逊
9.　trick　 n.诀窍；把戏→　tricky　 adj.狡猾的；棘手的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.bold　adj.　大胆自信的；敢于冒险的　
2.chef　n.　厨师；主厨　
3.garlic　n. 　蒜　
4.brand　n. 　品牌　
5.ingredient　n.　（尤指烹饪）材料；成分　
6.dessert　n.　（饭后）甜点　
7.canteen　n.　食堂；餐厅　
8.cafeteria　n. 　自助餐厅；自助食堂　
9.fibre　n.　纤维；纤维制品　
10.consistent　adj.　一致的；连续的　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　prior to　 在……之前的
2.　on the other hand　 另一方面
3.　regardless of　 不管；不顾
4.　in other words　 换句话说
5.consist of 　由……组成（或构成）　
6.slice...off 　切下　
7.go hand in hand 　息息相关；密切相关　
8.set off 　动身；出发；引发；爆炸　
9.cut down on 　削减；节省　
10.cut out 　删去；剪下；戒除　
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　Tell me　 what you eat， 　and I will　 tell you what you are. （祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句）
告诉我你平时吃什么，我就可以说出你是个什么样的人。
2.　Tired， hungry　， and not knowing a word of Chinese， we had no idea how to order， so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.（形容词短语作状语）
又累又饿，一个汉字也不认识，我们压根儿不知道如何点餐，于是厨师在我们桌上摆满了食物，那是我们吃过的最可口的佳肴。
3.Everywhere， the food was 　as varied as　 the people. （as...as）
所到之处的美食与当地人一样多种多样。
4.And in America， people who receive 25％ of their daily calories or more through sugar are 　twice as likely to die from heart disease than　 people who receive less than 10％ a day.（倍数表达法）
在美国，每天从糖分中摄取25％或更多卡路里的人死于心脏病的可能性是日摄取量少于10％的人的两倍。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.How is Hunan cuisine 　somewhat　 （有点，稍微） different from Sichuan cuisine？
2.The company has shown 　exceptional　 growth over the past two years.
3.When travelling around， people like to enjoy different 　categories　 of local foods.
4.Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the 　quantity　.
5.In an 　ideal　 world there would be no poverty and disease.
6.The advertising industry started with the 　fundamental　 purpose of promoting and selling goods to people who might need them.
7.We need to take an 　overall　 view of the problem. Don’t look at things one-sidedly.
8.Our club is open to everyone 　regardless　 of age， gender or educational background.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She is such an 　elegant　 woman that her natural 　elegance　 strikes me.（elegant）
2.We are facing a 　tricky　 situation， so don’t play 　tricks　.（trick）
3.The electricity 　consumption　 is so great in our city that I strongly suggest all of us　consumers　 should never leave our lights on when we go out.（consume）
4.People want to live a 　stable　 life， so the government tries its best to develop economy 　stably　.（stable）
5.People often 　associate　 the development of football with the football 　association　.（associate）
6.The famous professor is 　modest　. His 　modesty　 is highly thought of by all his students.（modest）
7.The welcome party was　exceptionally　 successful. All the exchange students had a great time enjoying 　exceptional　Chinese dishes and I was no 　exception　. （exception）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
consist of prior to go hand in hand
regardless of cut down on
1.In order to keep healthy， he cut down on　 coffee and cigarettes， and took exercise regularly.
2.Some traditional Chinese dishes 　prior to　 the Ming Dynasty are still popular today.
3.My grandpa’s breakfast mainly consists of　 wholegrain biscuits and a glass of milk.
4.We’ve fixed the date for the outing and we’ll go 　regardless of　 wind or rain.
5.We must keep our room clean， for dirt and disease 　go hand in hand　， you know.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.完成所有的工作后，我们回家了，累但很高兴。（形容词短语作状语）
With all the work done，　we went home， tired but happy　.
2.杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。（倍数表达法）
Jessica devoted　three times as much time and energy as she did before　， so I believe she will succeed this time.
3.虽然清明节没有其他节日那么有趣和令人兴奋，但它绝对是最特别的节日。（as...as）
Although Tomb Sweeping Day is not　as interesting and exciting as other festivals　， it is definitely the most special one.
4.提前做好准备，我们就能避免很多不必要的麻烦。（祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句）
　Be prepared in advance， and we can　 avoid many unnecessary troubles.
Scientists have found that poor health has a close association with sugar rather than fatty food. This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of your diet might be. High-calorie food，which is usually junk food with a large amount of sugar， like desserts， should be cut out of your diet if you want to keep healthy. Beyond this， you’re supposed to consume different categories of foods， like fruit and vegetables， meat， beans， rice， and dairy products， since they consist of a quantity of fundamental nutrients. After all， the ideal diet is a balanced one. Finally， to have a healthy eating habit， you’d better chew slowly and eat a modest amount of food each time. Overall， there is no trick to healthy eating. You need to be careful with your recipe and your health will somewhat get improved.
1　association n.协会；关联
1.[北师必修③－9]A closer look at the reading tests， shows the interesting fact that girls are outperforming boys in reading and that this 　is associated　 （associate） with girls’ greater enjoyment of reading.
（1）本句中两个that均引导同位语从句，解释说明the interesting fact的具体内容。空前的this指的是第一个that引导的从句所说的内容。
（2）注意本句中的outperforming。outperform为复合动词，表示"胜过，超过"。2021年全国乙阅读D篇对该词进行了考查：...however， the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.
2.We are working in 　association　（associate） with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
3.Generally speaking， people tend to associate famous brands 　with　 good quality.
4.下周六我们班将联合其他班级组织一次中国文化展。 （活动介绍）
→①We’re going to organize an exhibition on Chinese culture next Saturday 　in association with other classes　.（association）
→②We’re going to organize an exhibition 　associated with Chinese culture　 next Saturday together with other classes. （associate）
★in association with与……合作；与……有关联 ★associate vt.联想；联系 associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 be associated with和……有关
2　quantity n.数量；数额
1.[译林选必②－4]When passenger drones are flying above our cities 　in　 large quantities， the sky will get more and more crowded.
2.Until now，large quantities of money 　have been spent　 （spend） on bringing up the three children.
3.每天都有大量的食物被浪费掉，这已引起了全社会的关注。
　Large quantities of food are being wasted/A large quantity of food is being wasted　 every day， which has caused the whole society’s concern.
★in quantity/in large quantities大量地 ★a large quantity of...大量的……（作主语时，谓语同of后的名词保持数的一致） large quantities of...大量的……（作主语时，谓语用复数）
3　trick n.诀窍；计谋；把戏　vt.欺骗；欺诈
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义
①[外研选必①－1]While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara’s ankle， I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 　n.把戏　
②[译林必修①－3]When I found out that I was tricked by him， I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. 　vt.欺骗　
③[外研必修②－1]Sometimes there are so many knives and forks that you dare not pick them up in case you get it wrong.The trick is to start with the ones on the outside. 　n.诀窍　
2.[外研选必①－1]Even newspapers， radio and TV stations play tricks 　on　 their readers and audiences.
3.That man tricked me into 　lending　（lend） him 200 dollars， and I have lost touch with him ever since.
★play a trick/tricks on sb.捉弄某人 ★trick sb. out of sth.（＝cheat sb. out of sth.）骗取某人某物 trick sb. into doing sth.骗某人做某事
4　consist of 由……组成（或构成）
1.[人教选必②－3]For example， America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken， which 　consists　（consist） of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce， flavoured with hot red peppers.
本题中，所填词在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，其数应与先行词General Tso’s chicken（一道菜名）保持一致，故填单数consists。
2.The beauty of air travel consists 　in　 its speed and ease.
3.养育孩子不仅有欢乐，还有焦虑和沮丧。
Raising a child 　consists of　 not only happiness， but also anxiety and depression.
（1）本题除了可以填consists of外，还可以填is made up of，is composed of，is comprised of。
（2）使用表示"由……组成（或构成）"的几个短语时应注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态，这是它与其他几个短语的主要区别。consisting of作状语或后置定语时，可替换为made up of/composed of/comprised of。
★表示"由……组成（或构成）"的短语还有：be made up of， be composed of， be comprised of。 ★consist in在于，存在于（＝lie in）
5　regardless of 不管；不顾
1.The plan for a new office building went ahead regardless 　of　 local opposition.
2.生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。但无论发生什么，我们都要保持积极的态度。
（读后续写之主旨升华）
Life 　consists of　 not only sunshine but also storms. But we should be optimistic 　regardless of　 what happens. （consist； regardless）
3.尽管雨下得很大，我们仍然决定按计划举行食品文化节。 （通知）
→①　Regardless of the heavy rain/Regardless of the fact that it rains heavily　，we still decide to hold the Food Culture Festival as scheduled.（regardless of）
→②　Despite the heavy rain/Despite the fact that it rains heavily　， we still decide to hold the Food Culture Festival as scheduled.（despite）
despite和in spite of后不可以直接跟从句。若接从句，常在其后加the fact that，即despite/in spite of the fact that。
★regardless of后既可跟名词、动名词，也可跟whether，what，how引导的从句。 ★regardless of＝despite＝in spite of
6　形容词（短语）作状语
1.　Surprised　（surprise）， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
通过本题比较形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别：
☆Surprised，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.（Surprised描述Tony的状态，即Tony自己感到惊讶）
☆Surprisingly， Tony stood up and accepted the prize.（Surprisingly修饰整个句子，即"Tony站起来去领奖"这件事让人很意外）
2.我聚精会神地读书，都没注意到已经半夜了。
　Absorbed in reading　， I didn’t notice that it was already midnight. （absorbed）
3.既兴奋又感动，他们泪流满面。 （读后续写之情绪描写）
　Excited and moved， they were in tears.　
4.Because I was unable to afford the time， I had to give up the plan.
→　Unable to afford the time　， I had to give up the plan. （句式升级）
形容词（短语）作状语： ★说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态；表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 ★有些由动词的过去分词转化而来的形容词作状语时，表示状态而非被动，这样的词有lost，occupied，absorbed，involved等。
7　倍数表达法
1.[北师选必①－3]They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1，000 times 　faster　（fast） than normal.
2.The number of the students in our school is four times what　 it was ten years ago.
3.我的家乡过去十年变化特别大，人们的收入是之前的好几倍。
→①Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. 　People’s income is several times higher than before　.（倍数＋adj.比较级＋than）
→②Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.　People’s income is several times as high as before　.（倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as）
→③Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.　People’s income is several times what it was before　. （倍数＋what从句）
★A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as B ★A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than B ★A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/height/length...）＋of B ★A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
前缀over-
1.over-：在上，在外，从上，越过
2.over-：过度，太甚；颠倒，翻转
over（过度）＋use（使用）＝overuse（使用过度）
over（过度）＋drink（饮酒）＝overdrink（饮酒过度）
over（翻转）＋throw（扔）＝overthrow（推翻）
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.I wonder （that） he didn’t hurt himself when overleaping that wall. 　v.跳过　
2.An overbridge is standing over there， making it convenient for people to cross the road， especially in the rush hour. 　n.天桥　
3.Permission has not yet been given for the airline to overfly Tanzania. 　v.飞过；飞越　
4.As the urban districts are overcrowded， you can hardly find a parking lot. 　adj.过度拥挤的　
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙]Many of these species（物种） are not 　ideally　（ideal） suited to growing outside in the UK， especially in the winter.
2.[2022北京]However， a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell 　associated　（associate） with danger.
3.[2022北京]Tom， a 15-year-old inventor and entrepreneur（创业者）， witnessed at his own school the widespread 　consumption　（consume） of sugary drinks by kids.
4.[2021北京]Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior 　to　 going to bed.
5.[2021浙江1月]Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with 　minimum　（minimize） delay.
6.[2020全国Ⅲ]We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional　（exception） museum in Shanghai.
7.[北京高考]This means， for example， that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s， tricking you 　into　"confirming" your address， mother’s name， and card number.
8.[天津高考]Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting 　of　 heat detectors， smoke detectors and sprinklers.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.[2022全国乙]It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar， putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 　v.吃，喝，饮　
consume除了表示"吃，喝，饮；消耗"，还可表示"使充满（强烈的感情）"。如：Tom was consumed with anger after hearing the bad news.
2.[2021北京]Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. 　v.塞满　
句意：讨论你的问题并解决它们，而不是把它们憋在心里，这样可以改善你的情绪健康。
3.[江苏高考]—Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life？
—Living every day to the full， definitely. 　n.秘诀　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——健康饮食
假定你是李华，是某中学学生会主席。你发现有些同学在就餐时间吃零食，不去餐厅吃饭。请你写一封倡议信， 呼吁同学们注意饮食健康。要点如下：
1.饮食健康的重要性；
2.吃零食的坏处；
3.向同学们发出倡议。
◎写作要点
1.我注意到有些学生在就餐时间吃垃圾食品，不管它有多不健康。（junk food，regardless of）
　I notice some students eat junk food at mealtimes regardless of how unhealthy it is.　
2.我认为我们应该拒绝垃圾食品，因为它含有大量的有害成分。（consist of，quantity）
　I think we should say no to junk food since it consists of quantities of harmful ingredients.　
3.为了保持健康，我们最好吃不同种类的水果和蔬菜，并细嚼慢咽。（consume，category，chew）
　In order to keep fit， we’d better consume different categories of fruit and vegetables， chew carefully and swallow slowly.　
4.健康饮食对我们保持理想的身材和过高品质的生活来说是必要的。（ideal）
　Healthy eating is necessary for us to keep an ideal figure as well as live a high-quality life.　
5.我们每个人都需要做出一些根本性的改变，让我们现在就开始吧！（fundamental）
　Every one of us is required to make some fundamental changes， and let’s begin from now on！　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear students，
　I am Li Hua. I notice some students eat junk food at mealtimes regardless of how unhealthy it is. I think we should say no to it since it consists of quantities of harmful ingredients. Instead， in order to keep fit， we’d better consume different categories of fruit and vegetables， chew carefully and swallow slowly. After all， healthy eating is necessary for us to keep an ideal figure as well as live a high-quality life.　
　Every one of us is required to make some fundamental changes， and let’s begin from now on！　
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之"肩部"动作
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.carry sth. on one’s shoulder把某物扛在肩上 2.shoulder to shoulder并肩地；齐心协力地 3.give/show/turn the cold shoulder to sb.冷落某人， 不理睬某人 4.pat/clap/tap sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀 5.shrug one’s shoulders耸肩， 不在乎 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他正要开门，突然有人从后面拍了拍他的肩膀，吓得他跳了起来。 He was just about to open the door when suddenly someone 　patted/clapped/tapped him on the shoulder　 from behind， which made him jump. 2.错过了最后一趟公交车， 他把沉重的箱子扛在肩上，沿着无人的街道一路走回了家。 Having missed the last bus， he 　carried the heavy box on his shoulder　 along the empty street all the way home. 3.当我问他为什么要这么做时，他只是耸了耸肩，什么都没说。 When I asked him why he had done it， he just 　shrugged his shoulders and said nothing　. 4.他们迈着一致的步伐并肩而行，低着头躲避雨水。 They fell into step， 　walking shoulder to shoulder　 with their heads bent against the rain.（现在分词短语作状语）
佳 句 1.As he watched the sunset over the ocean， resting his head on his friend’s shoulder， he couldn’t help but feel a sense of peace and contentment wash over him. 当他看着海洋上的日落，把头靠在朋友肩膀上时，他不禁感到一种平静和满足的感觉涌上心头。 2.Seeing the critical situation before him， he lifted the child onto his shoulder. 看到眼前危急的情况，他一把把孩子扛在肩上。 3.He shouldered his way to the front of the crowd to get a better look.他用肩膀开路挤到人群前面，以便看得更清楚。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Roughly one-third of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year — approximately 1.3 billion tonnes — gets lost or wasted. And in Singapore 665，000 tonnes of food waste was produced in 2020， amounting to $342 million， only 19％ of which was recycled. Chua Kai-Ning and her partner， Phua Jun Wei， founded Insectta in 2017. They are battling Singapore’s food waste with the help of the black soldier fly larva — the immature form of a fly.
"The idea behind Insectta is that nothing goes to waste，" said Chua. "Waste can be reimagined as a resource if we change how we think about our production methods， and how we deal with waste."
The worms of black soldier flies consume up to eight tons of food waste per month. Insectta can then flash dry the worms into animal feed， and use the insects’ excrement（粪便）for agriculture. According to Chua， Insectta is extracting more than agriculture-related products from black soldier flies.
"During the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious biomaterials that have already got market value can be gained from these flies，" Chua said. Insectta has developed technology to get biomaterials from the exoskeleton（外骨骼） they leave behind.
One of these biomaterials is chitosan， an antimicrobial（抗菌的） material sometimes used in makeup and medicine. Insectta aims to eventually produce 500 kilograms of chitosan a day. Insectta is now working with Singapore-based Spa Esprit Group for the use of the chitosan in its skin care products. It also joins hands with the face mask brand Vi-Mask， which hopes to use the chitosan to make an antimicrobial layer within its products.
世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，并从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。
【词语积累】　amount to总计，共计；等同于，相当于
join hands携手合作，联合，合伙
【长难句解读】　＂During the research and development， we realized that a lot of precious
that引导的宾语从句，
biomaterials (that have already got market value) can be gained from these flies，＂Chua said.
其中包含一个that引导的定语从句
译文：Chua说："在研究和开发中，我们意识到，许多已经有市场价值的珍贵的生物材料可以从这些黑水虻身上获取。"
1. What do the figures in paragraph 1 show？
A. The difficulty in recycling food waste.
B. The seriousness of food waste.
C. The urgency of reducing food consumption.
D. The effort at battling food waste.
解析　B　推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，全世界每年有大约13亿公吨的食物被浪费，2020年新加坡产生了665 000公吨食品废弃物，其中只有19％得到了回收。由此可知，作者通过列数字的方式来表明食物浪费的严重性，故选B项。
2.What does the underlined word "extracting" in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Protecting. B. Obtaining.
C. Learning. D. Recycling.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由第三段中的"use the insects’ excrement（粪便） for agriculture"可知，该公司把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，再结合下文可知，该公司还从黑水虻的外骨骼中获取了抗菌生物材料。由此可推知，该公司从黑水虻身上获取的不只是与农业相关的产品，故画线词的含义应是"获取"，B项切题。
3.What can be inferred about chitosan？
A. It has a wide range of uses.
B. It brings few profits to Insectta.
C. It has been applied to masks.
D. It is found in the fly’s excrement.
解析　A　推理判断题。由最后一段中的"used in makeup and medicine""for the use of the chitosan in its skin care products... to make an antimicrobial layer within its products"可知，这种抗菌材料可用于化妆品和药物中，也可用于护肤产品中，还可用于口罩的抗菌层。由此可知，这种抗菌材料用途广泛，故选A。
4.Which is the best title for the text？
A. Insects provide a way to recycle food waste
B. New technology is developed to fight food waste
C. Insectta is using insects to turn waste into treasure
D. Singapore is benefiting from the insect-based industry
解析　C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是：世界上每年都有大量的食物被浪费，新加坡的一家名为Insectta的公司利用黑水虻解决食品废弃物，把黑水虻的粪便应用于农业，还从黑水虻的外骨骼中提取出了可用于化妆品和药品等的材料。C项做标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024天星原创]Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake without needing to sacrifice（牺牲） flavor. Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods.
Co-developed by Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita and drink producer Kirin Holdings Company， Limited， the chopsticks improve tastes using electrical stimulation and a mini-computer attached to a wrist. "The device uses a weak electrical current to send sodium ions（钠离子） from food， through the chopsticks， to the mouth where they create a sense of saltiness，" said Miyashita. "As a result， the salty taste increases by 1.5 times."
The taste-improving chopsticks may have particular relevance to the traditional diet in Japan， which tends to be high in salt. The average Japanese adult eats about 10 grams of salt each day. That is almost two times the amount suggested by the World Health Organization. High sodium intake is linked to increased cases of high blood pressure， strokes and other conditions. "To prevent these diseases， we need to reduce the amount of salt we take，" said Kirin researcher Ai Sato. Sato added that if Japanese people try to reduce salt intake in the usual ways， they will need to cut many of their favorite foods from their diet. Otherwise， they would have to eat flavorless food.
"I want to overturn the idea that low salt means no flavor，" Miyashita declared. "The chopsticks make it possible to keep enjoying the foods we love， and in a healthier way." He was confident that the chopsticks can help people make better decisions about their diet and hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year.
Miyashita and his research team have explored different ways that technology can interact with human senses. He has also developed a television screen that a person can lick（舔） to taste different food flavors. Meanwhile， research is also underway to develop other eating tools with special functions like electric spoons and forks using technology.
本文是说明文。日本的传统饮食盐味较重，过量的钠的摄入增加了日本人患高血压、中风和其他相关疾病的风险。最近，日本的研究人员发明了一种电动筷子，这种筷子可以在不额外增加食物的盐含量的同时增加食物的咸味。
【词语积累】　intake n.（食物、饮料等的）摄取量，吸入量
relevance n.关联，有关　overturn v.推翻
underway adj.在进行中的
【熟词生义】　1.current常用义：adj.当前的，现在的　文中义：n.电流
2.condition常用义：n.状况，状态　文中义：n.（因不可能治愈而长期患有的）疾病
1.Who would probably be interested in the electric chopsticks？
A. Those sticking to a balanced diet.
B. Those having eating disorders.
C. Those preferring homemade food.
D. Those wanting to take in less salt.
解析　D　细节理解题。由文章第一段中的"Diners in Japan may soon be able to cut their salt intake"可知，这种电动筷子对想要减少盐摄入量的人有吸引力，故D项正确。
2.Why is traditional Japanese diet mentioned？
A. To introduce what Japanese diet is like.
B. To stress how important chopsticks are for it.
C. To show what influence it has on the Japanese.
D. To explain why electric chopsticks are invented.
解析　D　推理判断题。由题干中的"traditional Japanese diet"可将解题信息定位至第三段。由本段对日本传统饮食的介绍可知，日本的传统饮食盐味较重。普通的日本成年人每天摄入的盐量几乎是世界卫生组织建议的两倍。高钠摄入量与高血压、中风和其他疾病病例的增加有关。如果日本人以平常的方式减少盐的摄入，他们将需要舍弃许多他们喜欢的食物。否则，他们将不得不吃寡淡无味的食物。再结合上文中提到的电动筷子可以增加食物的咸味可推知，文中提及日本传统饮食是为了解释研究人员发明电动筷子的原因。综上可知，本题选D。
3.What does Miyashita expect of the electric chopsticks？
A. They’ll reach consumers in the near future.
B. They’ll help change people’s eating habits.
C. They’ll be developed into various versions.
D. They’ll inspire a whole new line of research.
解析　A　细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"the chopsticks can help people ... hoped to have them ready to sell as early as next year"可知，本题选A。
4.What is the text mainly about？
A. Benefits of low-sodium diets.
B. Improvements to the Japanese diet.
C. Electric chopsticks increasing salty taste.
D. An invention making food more delicious.
解析　C　主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是第一段中的"Researchers recently announced they developed electric chopsticks that increase saltiness of foods"可知，本文主要介绍的是研究者发明的一种能够增加食物咸味的电动筷子，故C项正确。
二、七选五
[2024天星原创]On our second day in China， we’d already been asked to join the school for supper. Nervous and unsure of the food and table manners， we politely agreed. 　1　 And now my first dining experience would be with the school staff.
Compared with the restaurants in my hometown， Chinese ones are loud and busy. 　2　 The atmosphere is warm and chaotic； people are happy. The tables are big and round. In Chinese culture the most important person sits facing the door. Plates of food soon started arriving. And then I wished I’d worked on my chopstick skills before.
　3　 This means ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating. It also means drinking and drinking. You’ll never have an empty glass.
It’s polite to try everything， but if you know me， you would know I don’t eat everything. Fresh fish？ Sure， an entire fish on the plate staring at you while you pick at it. Not for me. 　4　 No， thanks！ The lung of a pig？ I’ll pass. It seems that the Chinese really eat everything！
Every day I’m pushed out of my comfort zone. 　5　 The experience itself is quite amazing. I’ve learned a lot， yet there’s still so much to learn. It sure is different from my culture and way of living， but being in their shoes and seeing life through their eyes have really helped me to understand. And I look forward to discovering more！
A. I gradually got used to the life here.
B. The Chinese are so friendly and hospitable.
C. Snails with their shell crushed and cooked into a meal？
D. But for the most part， I discover something I really enjoy.
E. People rinse（冲洗） their bowls and chopsticks first with hot water.
F. Coming to China， the thing I was most nervous about was the food.
G. People are shouting， laughing， drinking and kids are running around freely.
了解一个国家的地道文化可以从饭桌上开始。吃吃喝喝中，品尝的是别具特色的美食，感受的是异域的独特氛围，谈论的是关乎彼此的凡人俗事，体验的是浓郁的烟火气息！
1.F　F项中的the thing I was most nervous about was the food与空前句子中的unsure of the food以及空后句子中的my first dining experience相照应。
2.G　G项所说的情况是对"Chinese ones are loud and busy"的具体说明。
3.B　B项指明了第三段的主旨大意，"ordering lots of food and encouraging you to keep eating"以及"drinking and drinking"皆诠释了中国人的友善与好客。
4.C　C项与"Fresh fish？"和"The lung of a pig？"吻合。
5.D　D项与"Every day I’m pushed out of my comfort zone"之间为转折关系，且空后的句子是对D项中something的具体说明。
三、完形填空
[2024天星原创]One day， Baltimore restaurant owner Steve Chu learned one of his longtime customers， an old lady， was losing her battle with cancer. Chu 　1　 to drive six hours to Vermont to cook her favorite dish for her rather than share his recipe at her son-in-law Brandon’s request.
Her daughter Rina knows how much the dish from Chu’s restaurant 　2　 to her. "She always told us， ‘When I’m on my death bed， I want to have that broccoli，’" Rina said. "Actually， when I was packing on Friday to drive to Vermont， I called her in 　3　 to see if she wanted us to bring anything special and she 　4　 said， ‘Tempura broccoli！’"
After confirming his plans with Rina and Brandon， Chu， together with his two colleagues， made the 　5　 to Vermont. The next morning， they set up a makeshift（临时代替的） kitchen in the bed of their truck at the lady’s house. When the dish was 　6　， the team rang the doorbell.
When the old lady opened her door and saw Chu’s familiar 　7　 with the dish， she could hardly believe her eyes. "I don’t understand！ You drove all the way up here to cook for me？" she cried with a（n） 　8　 expression on her face.
Chu immediately recognized her the moment he saw her. "We’ve seen many 　9　 come and go. However， she always 　10　， not only in the way she enjoys my cooking but in always making sure to 　11　 the dishes to my restaurant staff，" Chu said.
Their mission accomplished， Chu and his colleagues turned down an offer to stay for dinner， also refusing to take any 　12　. Rina Jones reported Chu’s generosity left her and her mom with tears of 　13　.
"She’s a lovely lady， who has showered us with love at our restaurant for years，" Chu said， adding it was an honor to help 　14　 the family’s wish. "It was a meaningful 　15　， and I’m happy that we could make it happen，" he said.
老人患癌性命危，佳肴一道挂在心；女婿设法求菜谱，厨师果断献爱心，开车疾行六小时，亲往烹饪慰老人！
1.A. hesitated B. continued
C. competed D. offered
解析　D　厨师主动提出开六个小时的车，亲自去给老人做菜。offer to do （sth.） 表示"主动做某事"。
2.A. means B. owes
C. devotes D. sends
解析　A　老人的女儿知道这道菜对母亲的意义有多重大。mean在此表示"意味着"。
3.A. secret B. surprise
C. advance D. anger
解析　C　老太太的女儿提前给母亲打电话看她想不想让带什么特别的东西。in advance表示"提前，事先"。
4.A. luckily B. nervously
C. confusedly D. jokingly
解析　D　老太太开玩笑地说让女儿带她特别喜欢的菜。jokingly表示"开玩笑地"。
5.A. agreement B. trip
C. requirement D. order
解析　B　确认了计划之后，Chu就和两名同事一起踏上了去佛蒙特州的旅途。make the trip to...表示"踏上去……的旅途，前往……"。
6.A. delicious B. fresh
C. ready D. popular
解析　C　菜肴做好后，厨师一行人按响了老太太家的门铃。ready表示"准备好的"。
7.A. figure B. performance
C. behavior D. character
解析　A　老太太开门后便看到了Chu熟悉的身影。figure表示"身影"。
8.A. embarrassed B. scared
C. peaceful D. surprised
解析　D　结合"she could hardly believe her eyes"和"I don’t understand！"可知，看到Chu，老太太应该很吃惊，故本题选D项，surprised表示"惊奇的，吃惊的"。
9.A. volunteers B. customers
C. visitors D. foreigners
解析　B　Chu是开饭馆的，自然是见多了顾客的来来往往。customer表示"顾客"。
10.A. helps out B. watches out
C. stands out D. works out
解析　C　虽然见多了顾客，可这位老太太总是那么显眼。stand out表示"突出，显眼"。
11.A. raise B. return
C. serve D. praise
解析　D　老太太给Chu印象深刻的不仅仅是她享受他做的菜肴的样子，还有就是她总不忘向餐馆的工作人员夸赞一下这些菜肴。praise表示"夸奖，称赞"。
12.A. consideration B. risk
C. payment D. blame
解析　C　Chu他们也拒绝收钱。payment表示"款额，款项"。
13.A. regret B. gratitude
C. pride D. pity
解析　B　对于Chu开了六个小时的车前来做菜这件事，老太太一家自然会心存感激，故本题选B项，gratitude表示"感激，感谢"。
14.A. fulfill B. express
C. understand D. discover
解析　A　Chu觉得帮助老太太一家实现愿望是一件很荣幸的事情，故本题选A项，fulfill表示"实现，达成"。
15.A. invention B. change
C. campaign D. experience
解析　D　在Chu看来，开了六个小时的车去给这位老太太做菜是一次非常有意义的经历。experience表示"经历，体验"。UNIT 5　 FIRST AID
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　victim　 n.受害者；患者
2.　ease　 vi.& vt.（使）宽慰；缓解 n.容易；自在
3.　bath　 n.洗澡；浴盆 vt.给……洗澡
4.　slip　 vi.滑倒；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
5.　delay　 vi.& vt.推迟 vt.耽误n.延误（的时间）
6.　panic　 vi.& vt.（使）惊慌 n.惊恐
7.　scream　 vi.& vt.高声喊 n.尖叫
8.　grab　 vt.抓住；攫取 n.抓取；抢夺
9.　justify　 vt.证明……有道理；是……的正当理由
10.　collapse　 vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　minor　 adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→　minority　 n.少数；少数民族
2.　swell　 vi.膨胀；肿胀→　swollen　 adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的
3.　electric　 adj.电的；用电的；电动的→　electrical　 adj.与电有关的→　electricity　 n.电
4.　urge　 vt.催促；竭力主张→　urgent　 adj.紧急的；急切的→　urgently　 adv.紧急地；急迫地→　urgency　 n.紧急
5.　operate　 v.操作；做手术；经营→　operator　 n.电话接线员；操作员→　operation　 n.操作；手术
6.　interrupt　 vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停→　interruption　 n.中断；打扰
7.　desperate　 adj.绝望的；非常需要的→　desperately　 adv.绝望地；拼命地→　desperation　 n.绝望
8.　practice　 n.练习；实践；惯例→　practical　 adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
9.　fog　 n.雾；迷惑，困惑→　foggy　 adj.有雾的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.technique　n.　技能；技术；技艺　
2.ray　n.　光线；光束；（热、电等）射线　
3.radiation　n.　辐射；放射线　
4.underneath　prep.& adv.　在……底下　
5.carpet　n.　地毯　
6.ambulance　n.　救护车　
7.needle　n.　针；注射针；指针　
8.ward　n.　病房　
9.ankle　n.　踝；踝关节　
10.fellow　adj.　同类的；同事的　　n.　男人；家伙；同事　
11.slap　vt.　（用手掌）打、拍　　n.　（用手掌）打、拍；拍击声　
12.welfare　n.　幸福；安康；福利　
13.suburb　n.　郊区；城外　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　sense of touch　 触觉
2.　be divided into　 被分成……
3.　help sb. to one’s feet　 帮助某人站起身来
4.　stand by　 袖手旁观；无动于衷
5.　face up/down　 面朝上（朝下）
6.　sleep in　 睡过头；睡懒觉
7.　a variety of　 各种各样的
8.　out of shape　 健康状况不好
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　As you can imagine　， getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.（as引导的非限制性定语从句）
正如你能想象的，烧伤可能会导致非常严重的损伤。
2.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary， 　unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin　.（unless引导的条件状语从句）
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉（烧伤部位的）衣服，除非你看到衣服与烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
3.Well， 　if the car hadn’t been in an accident　， that would be a good price， but it has a few minor problems.（错综时间条件句）
嗯，如果这辆小汽车没出事故的话，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。
4.Then she realised that she could not get up， and that 　she was having trouble breathing　.（have trouble doing sth.）
然后她意识到自己站不起来了，而且呼吸困难。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.Thousands of earthquake 　victims　 are still waiting to be rehoused.
2.After the arrival of the peacekeeping force， tension in the area began to 　ease　.
3.What he needed was a hot 　bath　 and a good sleep.
4.When he got out of the bathtub， he 　slipped　 and fell on the floor.
5.We should like to offer our apologies for the 　delay　 to your flight today.
6.A poor economy has caused the 　collapse　 of thousands of small businesses.
7.Don’t get into a 　panic　 and try to keep calm when you are in a dangerous situation.
8.I was about to have a bath when I heard people 　screaming　 and dogs barking.
9.I managed to 　grab　 her hand as she was falling into the river.
10.Her success had 　justified　 the faith her teachers had put in her.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.If you want to obtain a 　practical　 skill， 　practicing　 it every day is necessary. （practice）
2.Many colleges are being 　urged　 to establish majors that the city 　urgently　 needs， such as traffic engineering and food science， etc. As for us students， it is 　urgent　 that we know what majors interest us. （urge）
3.He is always 　interrupting　 the speaker with frequent questions， and the audience are dissatisfied with his 　interruption　. （interrupt）
4.He was 　desperate　 to win the competition.Therefore， he took a deep breath， 　desperately　 trying to keep calm. （desperate）
5.Although only a 　minority　 of people were appealing for protection of their legal rights， we should pay enough attention to it in order to make 　minor　 social progress happen.（minor）
6.It’s dangerous to drive in such 　foggy　 weather because so much 　fog　 makes it difficult to see clearly.（fog）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
sense of touch be divided into help sb.to one’s feet
sleep in out of shape stand by
1.How can I 　stand by　 and see him hurt and lying on the ground？
2.There is evidence suggesting that 　sense of touch　 is bound to diminish with age.
3.I’m going to 　sleep in　 tomorrow！ Don’t bother to wake me up.
4.The old man fell to the ground. After making sure that he was in good condition， I managed to 　help him to his feet　.
5.The three-hour class 　is divided into　 four blocks of 45 minutes each.
6.I am a little bit 　out of shape　， so I should get some exercise to keep fit.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.我父母对我不满意，除非我任何事情都做得比别的孩子好。（unless引导的条件状语从句）
My parents are not satisfied with me 　unless I do everything better than other children　.
2.如果没有互联网的帮助，我就不会在学习上取得这么多的成绩。（错综时间条件句）
　If it hadn’t been for the help of the Internet　， I would not achieve so much in my studies.
3.首先，我能说流利的英语，而且和外国人交流几乎没有困难。（have trouble doing sth.）
Firstly， I can speak fluent English and 　I have little trouble communicating with foreigners　.
4.此外，正如我收到的通知中提到的，所有参加体育课的学生都应该提前准备好他们的运动服。 （as引导的非限制性定语从句）
Moreover，　as is mentioned in the notice I received　， all the students attending PE classes should prepare their sportswear in advance.
It is necessary for us to grasp some basic and practical first aid techniques in case some minor but dangerous incidents happen in our daily life. You may see someone bleeding， getting an electric shock， collapsing suddenly or slipping carelessly in front of you. However urgent and desperate the situation seems， never scream in panic. Offering timely first aid to victims without delay before the ambulance arrives is important because it can ease discomfort and sometimes may even save lives. For example， when seeing someone choking on food， you’re supposed to help him to his feet and slap him on the back to force out the obstruction.
Anyhow， we can never justify sitting there and doing nothing， since we all have a responsibility to look after one another’s welfare and any of us may be out of shape and need help some day.
1　urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的
1.[外研选必②－3]And even if we could remember a number and needed to call it 　urgently　（urgent）， it would still be more convenient to borrow a mobile phone from someone else than walk around looking for a phone box.
2.The pandemic highlights the 　urgency　（urgent） to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
3.Our teacher urges us to study hard with the exam drawing near.
→Our teacher 　urges that we should study hard　 with the exam drawing near.（用urge that...改写句子）
★urge vt.敦促；竭力主张 urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事 urge that...（should） do sth.敦促做某事 ★urgently adv.迫切地；急切地 urgency n.紧急；迫切
2　ease vi.& vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解　 n.容易；舒适；自在
1.[译林选必②－3]Hold burnt skin under cool running water for several minutes， until the pain 　eases　 （ease）.
ease表示"减轻，缓解"时，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 常与ease搭配使用的名词有worry，pain，pressure，burden，stress等。
2.Pay more attention to what you’ve achieved rather than what you’ve failed to do， and it will make your restless mind 　at　 ease and build your self-confidence.
3.The pleasant atmosphere and his humorous speech brought us joy and got us relaxed.
→The pleasant atmosphere and his humorous speech brought us joy and 　put us at ease　.（结合ease的用法对画线部分升级）
4.网络的迅猛发展让我们能够在网上轻松地获得大量学习资料。
The rapid progress of the Internet enables us to obtain 　a large quantity of learning materials online with ease　.
★at ease舒适；自由自在 put sb. at ease使某人放松 feel at ease感到心情放松 with ease轻易地，毫不费力地（＝easily） ★ease one’s mind使某人安心
3　delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事）　vt.耽误，耽搁　n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟
1.Research shows that the older people become， the less likely they are to delay 　doing（do） their work until the last minute.
2.Having learned that I was in trouble， he came to my aid quickly.→Having learned that I was in trouble， he came to my aid 　without delay　.（词语升级）
postpone和put off也表示"推迟"，但put off没有delay和postpone正式。如：
I used to put off making difficult decisions.我过去常常在要做困难的决定时拖拖拉拉。
We have to postpone/delay the meeting until next week. 我们不得不将会议推迟到下周举行。
★delay doing sth. 推迟/耽搁做某事 without delay 毫不拖延地，立刻 ★delayed adj.延误的，延时的 a delayed flight 延误的航班
4　panic（panicked，panicked，panicking） vi.& vt.（使）惊慌　n.惊恐；恐慌
1.Many people got 　into　 a total panic when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses.
2.The tsunami became more violent and many people were panicked into 　leaving　（leave） the beach.
3.看到李华被一些食物噎住了，无法呼吸，同学们惊慌地拨打了急救电话。
Seeing Li Hua choking on some food and unable to breathe， 　his classmates called the emergency number in panic　.
★get into a panic 陷入恐慌 in panic 惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中 throw sb. into a panic 使某人陷入恐慌 ★panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓促做某事
5　desperate adj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的
1.[北师选必①－1]My friends try to drag me away from my phone， but as soon as I’m alone again， I’m desperate 　to get　（get）back to the online world and the intense activity that it provides.
2.Having walked for half an hour in such hot weather， I was desperate　for　 a cold drink.
3.The fire spread through the house quickly and the firefighters tried 　desperately　（desperate） to put it out.
4.我们从小就被教育要向那些迫切需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。
We’ve been educated to offer a helping hand to those 　who are in desperate need of help/who are desperately in need of help/who are desperate for help　 since we are very young.
5.我渴望尽快找到解决这个问题的办法。
　I am desperate to find a solution to the problem as quickly as possible.　
表示"渴望某物/做某事"的短语还有：be eager for sth./be eager to do sth.， be anxious for sth./be anxious to do sth.， long for sth./long to do sth.， be dying for sth./be dying to do sth.等。
★be desperate for sth.迫切渴望某物 be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事 ★desperately adv.（因绝望而）拼命地；非常
6　help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来
1.我们看到李华在三千米长跑中跌倒了，但最后挣扎着站了起来。 （读后续写之动作描写）
We saw Li Hua slip during the 3-km run but 　struggle to his feet　 at last.
2.听到我们班在比赛中获胜的好消息，我们都激动地跳起来。 （读后续写之情绪描写）
Hearing the news that our class won the competition， 　we all jumped to our feet in excitement　.
3.我扶着妈妈从床上站起来，并端给她一杯热水。 （读后续写之动作描写）
　I helped Mom to her feet from the bed　 and offered her a cup of hot water.
★jump/spring/leap to one’s feet跳起来 struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来 rise to one’s feet站起来 stand on one’s own feet自立，独立
7　out of shape 健康状况不好
1.我爷爷已经八十多岁了，对这个年纪的人来说，他身体不错。 （读后续写之人物描写）
My grandpa is in his eighties and 　he is in good shape　 for a man of his age.
2.灯笼是各种水果的形状，看起来很有意思。
　The lanterns are in the shape of various fruits and look very interesting.　
3.即将到来的期末考试让我很焦虑，以至于我近来健康状况不佳。
The upcoming final exam makes me so anxious that 　I have been out of shape/in bad shape recently　.
在out of shape中，shape作名词，指the physical condition of sb./sth.，而out of则表示"没有，缺少，脱离"之意。类似的短语还有：out of work失业，out of control失控，out of mind心不在焉，out of sight在视野之外，out of order有毛病，出故障。
★in good/bad shape 健康状况良好/不佳 stay/keep/be in shape 保持健康 in the shape of 呈……的形状
8　unless引导的条件状语从句
1.[北师选必②－5]Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless　 I touched it.
背景语境：本句指的是盲人海伦·凯勒初期学习语言文字的状态。
2.When Mr. Wang is delivering the lecture，you’re supposed to keep silent unless 　asked　（ask） to speak.
3.如果你不均衡饮食，你很可能会增加体重。
→①　Unless you have a balanced diet　， you are likely to put on weight.（unless）
→②　If you don’t have a balanced diet　， you are likely to put on weight.（if）
★unless引导的条件状语从句可与if...not互换。 ★unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。 ★unless引导的条件状语从句的主语和谓语有时可以省略。
9　as引导的非限制性定语从句
1.[外研必修①－5]The oldest zoo in China is Beijing Zoo， 　which　 was founded in 1906.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，区别如下：
as ★as有"正如，像"等意思，作关系词指代整个主句的内容。 ★从句位置可在主句前，主句中或主句后。 ★先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态形式时，通常用as。
which ★which常译为"这一点，这件事"等，作关系词可以指代整个主句，又可以指代主句中的一部分。 ★引导的从句放在主句后。 ★在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。
2.[外研选必④－4]　As　 is often the case all over the world with new areas of economic activity， the sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.
3.They take the same subjects 　as　 you do， like Maths and English.
4.正如我们所看到的，近年来我们的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。
　As we can see， our life has changed greatly in recent years.　
as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用结构有：as we can see正如我们所看到的；as is reported正如报道的那样；as is known to all/as we all know众所周知；as is often the case这是常有的事；as is mentioned above正如上面所提到的。
★as引导限制性定语从句时，常与such，the same等连用，表示"像……的，……的一类人或物"。 ★as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，as常在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，从句可位于句首、句中或句末。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog， Tiffy， and 　desperately　（desperate） wanted to take her with them.
2.[2021新高考Ⅰ]The next minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna 　panicked　（panic）.
根据第一句中的boiled和put可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。应注意的是panic的过去式要先加-k再加-ed。
3.[2020新高考Ⅰ]For some moments， John said nothing， but， suddenly， he sprang to his 　feet　（foot） and cried， "I have a great idea！ I have a solution that we can all help accomplish（完成）."
本单元我们学习的含feet的短语是help sb. to one’s feet，意为"帮助某人站起身来"。注意该短语中用的是feet而不是foot。本题中，sprang to his feet意为"一跃而起，突然站起来"，近两年考查过的含feet的短语还有feet on the ground"脚踏实地"（2021全国甲完形填空第57空的D选项）。
4.[2020北京]The app makes our 　practical　（practice） language lessons available wherever and whenever.
5.[浙江高考]No area was spared or unaffected， from the 　foggy　（fog） northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
6.[天津高考]After sharing the story online， I heard from someone， who identified the lady as Erin Smith. 　Without　 delay， I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet on a bus seat.
句意：在网上分享了这个故事后，有人确认那位女士是Erin Smith。我立即打电话感谢她。她说她在公共汽车座位上发现了我的钱包。 根据句意可知，此处表示"立刻，马上"，因此应用without delay，注意空处在句首，首字母要大写。
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. v.溜走 B. v.下降，落下
C. n.小错误 D. v.滑倒
①[2022全国乙]When the sun slipped behind the mountains， it shed a rosy glow all around them. 　B　
②[2020新高考Ⅰ]So， don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. 　C　
③[天津高考]During these waits， the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. 　A　
④[浙江高考]If she should slip， she would fall between the sleepers， into the rapidly flowing stream.　D　
2.
A. v.（因病等）昏倒 B. v.崩溃；瓦解
C. n.崩溃
①[2021全国乙]One afternoon， while attempting to get into bed she collapsed from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack. 　A　
②[2021北京]Hundreds of scientists， writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December： Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.　C　
③[2020全国Ⅱ]The fur trade kept nutria（海狸鼠） in check for decades， but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s， the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.　B　
3.[2023新高考Ⅱ]They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget. 　（日程或预算）紧的　
"a tight budget"预算紧张，"a tight schedule"日程紧张。
4.[2021天津]When starting college， most students enjoy a week’s stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time？ Below are several tips to ease yourself into college life. 　v.使熟悉　
ease oneself/sb. into sth.表示"使……熟悉（新事物，尤其是新工作）"。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——对同学进行急救
假设上周日你和Tony去公园野餐，在路上Tony不小心扭伤了左脚，恰好你在学校学过这方面的急救知识，及时对Tony进行了急救。请就此事写一篇短文。内容包括：
1.拨打120求救；
2.把Tony的左脚放在一个较舒适的位置；
3.用冰袋冷敷受伤部位；
4.肿胀减轻后用绷带包扎扭伤部位。
◎写作要点
1.在我们去公园的路上，托尼的左脚受伤了，他迫切需要帮助。（desperate）
　Tony’s left foot got injured on our way to the park， and he was in desperate need of help.　
2.我没有惊慌，而是马上拨打了120，并且在医生到来之前实施了急救。（delay，panic）
　I dialed 120 without delay and performed first aid before the doctors came instead of getting into a panic.　
3.我火速赶往附近的一家商店，买了几袋冰来消肿止痛。（swell，ease）
　I rushed to a shop nearby and bought bags of ice to reduce the swelling and ease the pain.　
4.我用清洁干燥的绷带松松地包裹着伤处。（wrap，loose）
　I wrapped the injury loosely with a clean and dry bandage.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
　Last Sunday， I went to the park with Tony for a picnic. Unfortunately， Tony’s left foot got injured on our way to the park， and he was in desperate need of help.　
　Luckily， I’d just learned about first aid in school， so I dialed 120 without delay and performed first aid before the doctors came instead of getting into a panic.　
　First， I put his left foot in a comfortable position. Then I rushed to a shop nearby and bought bags of ice to reduce the swelling and ease the pain. Finally， I wrapped the injury loosely with a clean and dry bandage.Ten minutes later， an ambulance arrived and took Tony to the hospital.　
　Only then was I aware what a difference a basic knowledge of first aid could make， especially in such a case.　
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之"脚部"动作
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 kick， stamp， step， jump， spring； barefoot 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.她拖着脚步，不情愿地跟着她的父母。 She 　dragged her feet　 as she reluctantly followed her parents. 2.她一听到这个消息就跳了起来，迫不及待地去告诉她的父母。 She 　jumped/leaped to her feet　 when she heard the news， and couldn’t wait to tell her parents. 3.她爸爸皱着眉头不耐烦地跺着脚。 Her father frowned and 　tapped/stamped his feet impatiently　. 4.乌云在天空中匆匆飘过，树在狂风中猛烈地摇摆。一场暴风雨似乎要来临。街上的人们都加快了脚步，裹紧了衣服。 Black clouds hurried across the sky， and the trees moved wildly in the wind. It seemed a storm was coming. People on the street all 　quickened their steps　 and wrapped their clothes tight. 5.一到家她就脱下鞋子，光着脚飞快地冲到自己卧室里。 On arriving home， she took off her shoes and dashed into her bedroom， 　barefoot and fast　.（副词作状语）
词 组 1.get/rise to one’s feet 站起来 2.jump/leap to one’s feet 跳起来 3.drag one’s feet 拖着脚步；故意拖拉 4.tap/stamp one’s feet 跺脚 5.put one’s feet up 架起双腿休息 6.stand on one’s own feet自立 7.quicken one’s steps加快脚步 8.have/keep one’s feet on the ground脚踏实地
佳 句 1.My feet slipped as I was about to shoot and I missed the ball. 我的脚滑了，那时我正要投篮，我没进球。 2.Keep your eyes on the stars， and your feet on the ground.志存高远，脚踏实地。 3.The news came as a shock to her. She planted her feet firmly to the spot and refused to move.这个消息让她非常震惊。她呆呆地站在原地，一动也不动。 4.He stepped back in astonishment. His eyes grew wide and he couldn’t persuade himself to believe what happened.他惊愕地后退一步，睁大了眼睛，无法说服自己相信发生的一切。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Frightened. That was how I felt that Monday morning when my marine（海洋的） science students came into class and began encouraging one of their classmates to tell what had happened at the beach the day before.
Although each of my students had received a PADI（the Professional Association of Diving Instructors） Open Water Diver certification as part of our marine science program， I was frozen in fear and wondering what had happened at the beach. Once certified， my students began to use their new diving skills to carry out underwater research projects on the coral reefs（珊瑚礁） near our island. Being islanders surrounded by water， my students are taught that the ocean is not a dangerous place， but can be very unforgiving to those who make mistakes. In this case， my first thoughts were for their safety and well-being. I did a quick head count. They were all in class with all their parts in place. I became less afraid and more curious about what had happened. But I was wholly unprepared for the story they told.
A three-year-old boy playing in the water near the shore was about to sink. His family members and beachgoers rushed to help， carrying the boy to the beach， but no one was sure what to do next. One of my students was at the beach that day and rushed over to help. She had taken a first-aid course that I’d taught as an after-school program. She began CPR（心肺复苏） and asked others to call 911. By the time doctors arrived， the child was able to breathe in his mother’s arms.
As teachers， we know children learn through our energy and effort. They become interested. Some find their passions and go after their dreams. In this way we know we have the power to change lives. I’d add that once in a while we have the power to save a life.
本文是记叙文。作者的一名学生在海边偶遇一个孩子溺水，她运用学过的急救知识对他进行救助，最终挽救了孩子的生命。
【词语积累】　unforgiving adj.难应付的，棘手的；不宽容的
head count人数统计，点人数
go after力求，谋求；追赶，跟着
1. Why did the author feel afraid on Monday morning？
A. A student told a frightening story.
B. Some students failed to come to class.
C. A student had an accident on the beach.
D. He thought something bad had happened.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第二段中的"... I was frozen in fear and wondering what had happened at the beach"和"Being islanders surrounded by water， my students are taught that the ocean is not a dangerous place， but can be very unforgiving to those who make mistakes. In this case， my first thoughts were for their safety and well-being. I did a quick head count. They were all in class with all their parts in place. I became less afraid and more curious about what had happened"不难推知，作者应该是担心学生发生了不好的事情，故本题选D。
2. What did the author do on the island？
A. Conduct research into coral reefs.
B. Educate students in marine science.
C. Improve islanders’ health and safety.
D. Give the locals guidance on first aid.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"my marine（海洋的） science students"和第二段中的"Although each of my students... as part of our marine science program"可知，作者在岛上主要教授学生海洋科学方面的知识，故选B。
3. How did the author’s student behave on the beach？
A. Calmly and skillfully.
B. Normally and considerately.
C. Generously and sympathetically.
D. Naturally and knowledgeably.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第三段中的"but no one was sure what to do next... rushed over to help"以及"She began CPR（心肺复苏） and asked others to call 911"可推断出，在面对突发情况时这名学生非常冷静；由第三段中的"By the time doctors arrived， the child was able to breathe in his mother’s arms"可知，这名学生对溺水孩子的急救很成功，由此可推断出这名学生急救技巧很熟练。综上可知，A项正确。
4. What does the text mainly talk about？
A. A marine science student saved a boy.
B. The major of marine science.
C. The sea can be really dangerous.
D. The importance of first aid.
解析　A　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了一名海洋科学专业的学生救了一个溺水小孩的故事，故选A。
B
[2023重庆三测]Sydney Raley has been working at a fast food restaurant for about seven months and it’s been her typical after-school job. When she headed into her weekend shift on Saturday， December 18， she likely expected to do more of the same： Stand at the drive-through window， take orders over the headset， and hand each customer their meal with a smile.
In fact， that was exactly how it started. But a few hours into her shift， things took a dramatic turn. After handing a customer some of their food， Sydney let the customer know that more would be coming as soon as it was ready. But just seconds later， she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face. Then came the coughing. She was coughing like crazy. Her daughter in the passenger seat looked terrified.
Sydney immediately knew she was choking. For an instant， Sydney remembered the first-aid training she had received more than four years earlier. Most 15-year-olds might panic at the sight of this（even most adults might， too）. But not Sydney. Instead， the teen remained calm and quickly shouted at both her manager and the woman’s daughter to call 911. Then， she jumped through the drive-through window and came to the rescue.
The teen flung the driver’s side door open and got the choking woman to her feet. Then she began to use the Heimlich maneuver（海姆立克急救法）. However， she had never actually had to use the life-saving technique before， and after a few tries， it wasn’t quite working. Luckily， another customer was just a few feet away in the parking lot. She shouted for help， hoping that another person’s strength combined with hers would help force whatever was in the woman’s mouth to finally come out. Next， a man who heard the call for help ran over and started using the Heimlich maneuver. Fortunately， it worked and the woman spat out the food stuck in her throat. Needless to say， the woman was very grateful. Just as she began to catch her breath， first responders arrived on the scene， and when officers asked what happened， she told them all about Sydney’s heroic act. "They said， ‘Congratulations， you’re a lifesaver； you’re a hero.’" Sydney recalled.
Sydney Raley在一家快餐店做兼职。有一天，一名顾客在候餐时突然被噎住，最终她在Sydney等人及时的救助下脱离了危险。
1. What can we learn about Sydney from the first two paragraphs？
A. She was patient and confident.
B. She was kind and knowledgeable.
C. She was hard-working and careful.
D. She was generous and warm-hearted.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段的"When she headed...with a smile"可知，Sydney在12月18日星期六上班时，希望做更多相同的事情：站在免下车窗口，通过耳机接单，微笑着把每一位顾客的饭菜递给他们。由此可知，Sydney工作很勤奋。由第二段的"But just seconds later， she noticed a terrible look of panic spread across the woman’s face"可知，就在几秒钟后，她注意到一种可怕的恐慌表情在那个女人的脸上蔓延。由此可知，Sydney很细心，故选C。
2. Where was the woman customer when she got choked？
A. She was in her car.
B. She was on the street.
C. She was in a restaurant.
D. She was in the parking lot.
解析　A　细节理解题。由第二段的"Her daughter in the passenger seat looked terrified"和第四段的"The teen flung the driver’s side door...her feet"可知，女顾客被噎的时候在车里，故选A。
3. What does the underlined word "flung" in the last paragraph probably mean？
A. Slipped gently.
B. Pulled violently.
C. Threw suddenly.
D. Ran slowly.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由第四段的"the driver’s side door open""got the choking woman to her feet"和常识可知，此处是指用力猛地拉开驾驶座的门，故选B。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us？
A. What happened to the woman.
B. How to do the Heimlich maneuver.
C. Why to use the Heimlich maneuver.
D. How the choked woman was rescued.
解析　D　段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲述被噎住的女士是如何被救的，故选D。
二、七选五
[2024安徽皖江名校阶段考]Basic first aid allows you to quickly determine a person’s physical condition and the correct course of treatment. 　1　 But following correct first aid procedures can be the difference between life and death.
　2　 Are there things that might put you at risk of harm？ Are you or the victim threatened by fire， gasses， an unstable building， live electrical wires， or another dangerous condition？ Do not rush into a situation where you could end up as a victim yourself.
Call for help.　3　 If someone is with you or approaches， instruct them to call the authorities and be prepared to relay information to them so they can update the responders. It is not recommended that you leave the victim unless required， but put them in the recovery position if you need to leave them for any reason.
Care for the person. Caring for someone who has just gone through serious hurts includes both physical treatment and emotional support. Remember to stay calm and try to put them at ease. Let the person know that help is on its way and that everything will be alright. 　4　
Stop the bleeding first. After you have established that the victim is breathing and has a pulse， your next priority should be to control any bleeding. 　5　 Use direct pressure on a wound before trying any other method of managing to bleed.
A. Check the surroundings.
B. Provide first aid for a broken bone.
C. Do so before you begin assisting the victim.
D. You should always seek professional medical help as soon as you are able to.
E. Other ways to comfort the victim include asking for their name， or their interests.
F. Control of bleeding is one of the most important things you can do to save a victim.
G. Anyone who has suffered a severe injury or life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.
本文是一篇说明文。文章具体介绍了如何正确实施急救措施。
1.D　D项与"But following correct first aid procedures can be the difference between life and death"之间构成转折关系，故选D。
2.A　A项放在此处能充当第二段的主题句。
3.C　结合常识可知，在施救之前应先打电话求救，故选C项，C项中的Do so指的便是打电话求救。
4.E　E项与"Let the person know that help is on its way and that everything will be alright"并列，二者说的都是put them at ease的方法。
5.F　最后一段说的是止血，F项与此吻合。
三、完形填空
[2023河南许平汝名校模拟改编]It was at a lively coming-back-to-school celebration in Rockwall， Texas. Cheerleader Tyra Winters was 　1　 waving at the crowds from one of the floats（花车） as it slowly 　2　 its way down the street. All of a sudden， a 　3　 came from the crowds. Looking down， Winters saw a little boy on the sidewalk struggling for air， while his 　4　 mother was begging for help.
"I　5　 a little bright red face，" Winters later told KTVT. "There was no coughing. There was no 　6　."
The boy had been licking a piece of candy when it slid down his throat and 　7　 his windpipe. No one seemed to know how to help， except for Winters， a senior with the dream of becoming a doctor. She had taken the 　8　 related to first aid.
Knowing that　9　 was running out， she jumped off the float and ran to the 　10　. By the time she got to him， his face had turned purple. She took the boy from his mother， held him face down on her knee and gave him three hard pushes on the 　11　.
Soon， the boy coughed up the piece of candy， and began breathing again. Without a（n） 　12　， Winters handed him back to his mother and ran back to her float. It all happened so fast that the mother never had time to thank the teenager.
"She didn’t 　13　 to，" says Winters. "I knew her 　14　. I saw her tears. I saw her face."
"I don’t really have any words. I just stood there 　15　，" says the boy’s mother. "The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘Thank you’. But they don’t seem good enough."
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了高中生Tyra Winters救了一个小男孩的故事。
1.A. sleepily B. angrily
C. impatiently D. enthusiastically
解析　D　啦啦队队长泰拉·温特斯在一辆花车上热情地（enthusiastically） 向人群挥手，花车慢慢地沿着街道行驶。 sleepily困倦地，angrily生气地，impatiently不耐烦地。
2.A. built B. made
C. chose D. lost
解析　B　参见上题解析。make one’s way意为"前进，向前"。
3.A. fire B. ball
C. scream D. flower
解析　C　突然，人群中传来一声尖叫（scream）。
4.A. frightened B. excited
C. annoyed D. satisfied
解析　A　向下一看，温特斯看到一个小男孩在人行道上挣扎着呼吸，而他吓坏了的（frightened）母亲正在乞求帮助。
5.A. missed B. drew
C. saw D. imagined
解析　C　温特斯看到（saw）一张通红的小脸。saw与前边的Looking down对应。
6.A. laughing B. breathing
C. dancing D. praising
解析　B　由下文中的began breathing again可知，本题选B。
7.A. blocked B. blew
C. washed D. dried
解析　A　那个男孩一直在舔一块糖果，突然糖果滑进了他的喉咙，堵住（blocked）了他的气管。
8.A. consequence B. course
C. benefit D. difficulty
解析　B　她上过与急救有关的课程（course）。
9.A. money B. water
C. time D. blood
解析　C　知道时间（time）不多了，她从花车上跳下来，跑向那个男孩子。
10.A. hospital B. doctor
C. school D. child
解析　D　参见上题解析。
11.A. face B. back
C. stomach D. chest
解析　B　她把男孩从他母亲手里抱过来，把他脸朝下放在自己的膝盖上，在他的背（back）上狠狠地推了三下。
12.A. word B. wave
C. argument D. apology
解析　A　温特斯没说一句话（word），把男孩交还给他母亲，然后跑回她的花车上。
13.A. want B. try
C. hope D. need
解析　D　她不需要（need）这么做。
14.A. feeling B. saying
C. waiting D. cooking
解析　A　我知道她的感受（feeling）。我看到了她的眼泪。我看到了她的脸。
15.A. heartbroken B. speechless
C. awake D. stressed
解析　B　我只是站在那儿，什么也没说（speechless）。UNIT 2　 BRIDGING CULTURES
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　complex　 adj.复杂的；难懂的
2.　recall　 vt.& vi.记起；回想起
3.　engage　 vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）
4.　grasp　 vt.理解；领会；抓紧
5.　dramatic　 adj.巨大的；突然的；戏剧（般）的
6.　mature　 adj.成熟的
7.　deny　 vt.否认；否定；拒绝
8.　optimistic　 adj.乐观的
9.　gain　 vt.获得；赢得n.好处；增加
10.　sincerely　 adv.真诚地；诚实地
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　qualify　 vt.& vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格→　qualified　 adj.有资格的；合格的→　qualification　 n.资格；学历
2.　ambition　 n.追求的目标；野心；抱负→　ambitious　 adj.有野心的；有雄心的
3.　adapt　 vi.& vt.（使）适应；vt.改编→　adaptation　 n.适应；改编本
4.　comfort　 n.安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物 vt.安慰；抚慰→　comfortable　 adj.舒适的；舒服的→　uncomfortable　 adj.不舒服的；不舒适的
5.participate vi.参加；参与→　participation　 n.参加；参与→　participant　 n.参加者；参与者
6.present vt.呈现→　presentation　 n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出
7.　involve　 vt.包含；需要；（使）参加→　involved　 adj.有关联的；复杂难懂的→　involvement　 n.参与；投入
8.　motivate　 vt.成为……的动机；激励→　motivated　 adj.有积极性的→　motivation　 n.动力；动机
9.reason n.原因；理由 vt.推理；思考→　reasonable　 adj.有道理的；合情理的
10.　expose　 vt.使接触；使体验 →　exposure　 n.接触；体验；揭露
11.　surround　 vt.包围；环绕→　surrounding　 adj.周围的；附近的→　surroundings　 n.[pl.]环境；周围的事物
12.depress vt.使沮丧；使忧愁→　depressed　 adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的→　depressing　 adj.令人沮丧的→　depression　 n.抑郁；沮丧
petence n.能力；胜任；本领→　competent　 adj.有能力的；称职的
14.cooperate vi.合作；协作；配合→　cooperation　 n.合作；协作
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.tutor　n.　助教；导师；家庭教师　
2.firm　n.　公司；商行　　adj. 　结实的；坚定的　
3.insight　n.　洞察力；眼光　
4.expense　n.　费用；花费；开销　
5.tremendous　adj.　巨大的；极大的　
6.perspective　n.　（思考问题的）角度；观点　
7.outlook　n. 　前景；可能性；观点　
8.initiative　n.　倡议；新方案　
9.budget　n.　预算　
10.logical　adj.　合乎逻辑的；合情合理的　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　take turns to do sth.　 轮流做某事
2.　speak up　 大声点说；明确表态
3.　side with　 支持；站在……的一边
4.　as far as I know　 据我所知
5.　as far as I am concerned　 就我而言；依我看来
6.　in summary　 总的来说；总之
7.　generally speaking　 一般来说
8.set up 建立；竖立　
9.participate in 参加；参与　
10.feel at home 　舒服自在；不拘束　
11.get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联　
12.contribute to 为……作贡献；有助于　
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　It was the first time that　 she had left China.（It is/was the first/second ...time that...）
这是她第一次离开中国。
2."I didn’t know 　what to expect　，" Xie Lei recalled.（疑问词＋不定式）
"我不知道会发生什么。"谢蕾回忆道。
3."My ambition is 　to set up a business　 in China after graduation，" she explained.（be to do）
"我的志向是毕业后在中国创办一家企业。"她解释道。
4.A final point to consider is that while studying abroad 　does have potential benefits　， young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to！（do表示强调）
最后一点要考虑的是：尽管留学有诸多潜在的益处，但是在中国读书的年轻人同样未来可期！
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.The old man often 　recalls　 his childhood which is dead and gone.
2.A short opening paragraph enables the reader to quickly 　grasp　 what the article is mainly about.
3.Living and working abroad shape your personality a lot. You become 　mature　， independent and open-minded.
4.There is no 　denying　 that this has been a difficult year for the company.
5.People who have an 　optimistic　 view on life are more likely to live longer.
6.My experience tells me that only when we respect others can we 　gain　 others’ respect.
7.We 　sincerely　 hope that you will soon be restored to health.
8.To see even further into the universe， many countries are now 　engaged　 in building ever more advanced telescopes.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.　Surrounded　 by the green mountains， the village has beautiful 　surroundings　，which attract many visitors from 　surrounding　 areas.（surround）
2.The 　presentation　 of your argument should be 　presented　 in a clear and brief manner.（present）
3.It’s our honour to 　cooperate　 with you. I believe our 　cooperation　 will be a great success. （cooperate）
4.Prolonged 　exposure　 to the sun is known to damage the eyes of young children， so they should avoid being 　exposed　 to the sun for too long.（expose）
5.Previous teaching experience is a necessary 　qualification　 for this job.We all believe that Mr Wang is 　qualified　 for it.（qualify）
6.The 　depressing　 news 　depressed　 him， and he was so 　depressed　 that nobody could help him come out of 　depression　.（depress）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
participate in speak up feel at home
get involved in generally speaking side with
1.The Chinese family go out of their way to make you 　feel at home　 when you pay a visit to them.
2.Six months ago， 19-year-old Xie Lei went to London from China to 　participate in　 a year-long exchange programme.
3.Please 　speak up　. We can’t hear you at the back.
4.We all 　side with　 your opinion that we should hold an English speaking competition.
5.Most people， 　generally speaking　， are ready to smile back when they are smiled at.
6.We all need to 　get involved in　 saving energy whether we are at work， at home， or at school.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，这是中国作家第一次获得如此重要的奖项。（It is/was the first/second...time that...）
Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature. 　It was the first time that a Chinese writer had won　 such an important award.
2.稍后我会与你联系，告诉你何时过来。（疑问词＋不定式）
I will contact you later to 　tell you when to come　.
3.请接受我的感谢，因为你带给我的帮助真的特别大。（do表示强调）
Please accept my gratitude， since 　you did offer me great help　.
4.他的计划是在下午五点之前把所有的工作做完。（be to do）
His plan is 　to get all the work done　 by 5：00 pm.
These years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. However， leaving one’s comfort zone and being exposed to another culture in a new and complex environment can never be easy. Culture shock is unavoidable. But never get depressed. Here are some tips to help with your adaptation.
First， don’t deny the big change in your life and always be optimistic — you are mature enough to handle any challenge. Second， grasp every chance to get familiar with your surroundings and try to behave as the locals do. Third， always be ready to participate in social activities， since getting involved in the natives will help you gain considerable insight into the local society and cooperating with people from different cultures can help you view the world from different angles.
All of these are helpful for you to engage in the foreign culture. Do as mentioned above， and I believe you will soon feel at home and strengthen your ability to live independently.
1　comfort n.安慰，令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸　vt.安慰；抚慰
1.[北师必修③－8]In many ways， life has become far more 　comfortable　（comfort） and convenient in the past few decades.
2.[人教必修②－3]First of all， there’s the golden rule of the Internet： If you see or read something that makes you feel 　uncomfortable　（comfortable）， leave the site immediately.
3.[外研必修③－5]Last year， hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew would include crowds，　discomfort　（comfort） and danger.
第1、3小题所填词均为and连接的并列成分之一，因此可根据这一特点解题。此外，一些单词通常含有一定的感彩，这也是解题的关键。比如，第3题空前的crowds和空后的danger都属于偏消极的名词，那么空处填名词discomfort（不舒服，不安）；第1题空后的convenient的感彩偏积极，因此空处填形容词comfortable。此外，第3小题中的"experience"指攀爬珠穆朗玛峰这一经历。
4.看到我哭得全身颤抖，我的老师站起来，走到我跟前，给我一个温暖的拥抱来安慰我。
（读后续写之动作描写）
Seeing I was shaking from crying， my teacher rose to his feet， came up to me and 　comforted me with a warm hug　.
★be a comfort to sb.对某人来说是个安慰 ★comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的；安逸的 comfortably adv.舒适地；安逸地（＝in comfort） uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不自在的 discomfort n.不安；不适
2　engage vi.参加；参与（活动）　vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. take part in B. attract （one’s interest or attention） C. employ or hire
①We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell the stories of China well. 　A　
②Tom’s father engaged a tutor to improve his math. 　C　
③This film has become a hit because it engages both the mind and the eye. 　B　
2.Recently， I have been busy preparing for the college entrance examination.
→Recently， I 　have been engaged in　 preparing for the college entrance examination.（结合engage的用法对画线部分进行升级）
3.尽管你忙于工作，你也应该抽出一些时间来参与户外活动，这有利于你的身体健康。
（建议信）
Although 　（you are） engaged in your work　， you should set aside some time to 　engage （yourself） in outdoor activities　， which is helpful for your health. （engage）
★engage oneself in（使）从事，参与 be engaged in （doing） sth.忙于做某事 be/get engaged to sb.与某人订婚
3　involve vt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；（使）参加
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①[北师必修③－8]It is by acting together， in this exciting way， that we can involve thousands — millions — of people， and this is what is going to change the world.　使参加　
②The work of a teacher involves love and devotion. 　包含，需要　
③There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 　涉及，影响　
2.[外研必修②－3]It（Tai chi） involves 　doing　（do） very slow physical exercises to relax your mind and calm your body.
3.[外研选必③－4]I admit that more advanced AI could be helpful in solving the world’s problems， but there is a high level of risk 　involved　（involve）.
注意本题考查involve的过去分词形式作后置定语。用法类似的还有left，concerned等。如：There is little time left. The loss was a tragedy for all concerned.
4.All the teachers and students take an active part in various activities on Earth Day. （活动介绍）
→All the teachers and students 　actively involve themselves in　 various activities on Earth Day.
★involve doing sth.包含/需要做某事 involve oneself in参加……（＝participate in/take part in） ★be/get involved in参与，卷入；专注于
4　expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 　使接触　
②High levels of radiation may expose astronauts to greater risks of cancer and other diseases. 　使暴露于（险境）　
③[译林选必①－3]However， some critics suggest that on closer inspection， the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. 　显露，暴露　
2.[人教选必②－2]　Exposure/Being exposed　（expose） to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. This is an advantage of studying abroad.
3.在中国期间，我强烈建议你参加一些传统文化活动，这是你接触中国文化的好机会。 （建议信；中国文化）
During your stay in China， I strongly recommend that you 　（should） get involved in　 some traditional cultural activities， which will be a good opportunity for you to 　be/get exposed to Chinese culture　.（involve；expose）
★be/get exposed to暴露于……，接触…… expose oneself to...使自己面临/暴露于…… ★exposure n.暴露；揭露；接触；体验
5　behave vt.表现　vi.& vt.表现得体；有礼貌
1.As you know， family rules， which let us know how to behave ourselves　（we） and develop healthily， are greatly beneficial to us.
2.[外研选必①－1]Humour has been an essential part of human 　behavio（u）r　（behave） for thousands of years.
3.在公共场合举止得体对我们来说很重要。
　It is very important for us to behave ourselves in public.　
★behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌 well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好的/表现差的 ★behaviour（behavior） n.行为；举止；态度
6　deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝
1. The suspect at last admitted having received the stolen goods but denied 　selling　（sell） them.
2.不可否认，互联网在我们的生活和工作中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
　There is no denying that/It can’t be denied that the Internet plays an increasingly important role in our life and work.　
★deny doing sth.否认做某事 ★There is no denying that...＝It can’t be denied that... 不可否认……
7　participate in 参加；参与
1.Ann is an active 　participant　（participate） in all kinds of activities.She always participates 　in　 different competitions and says that 　participation　（participate） gives her a chance to put what she has learned in class into practice.
2.Each team has selected outstanding players， who are both strong and swift， to 　participate in the sports meeting　（参加运动会）. （活动介绍）
此处参加运动会，也可以用take part in the sports meeting或者compete in the sports meeting。
3.上周日我参加了一个由学生会组织的名为"认识我们身边的植物"的有意义的活动。
（活动介绍）
Last Sunday witnessed my 　participating/participation in a meaningful activity　 named "Getting to Know the Plants Around Us" organized by the Students’ Union.
★表示"参与，参加"的其他表达： take part in， get involved in， join， join in， attend ★participant n.参与者，参加者 ★participation n.参与；参加
8　It was the first time （that） ...
1.My eyes filled with uncontrollable tears. It was the first time that I 　had felt　（feel） heartbroken. （读后续写之心理描写）
2.Obviously， it is high time that we 　took/should take　 （take） some measures to solve the problem.
3.[译林选必①－4]Romanticism was a cultural movement from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. It was a time 　when　many painters， musicians， novelists and poets looked at the world in new and different ways.
4.Although I’m here for the first time， your friendly reception has made me feel at home.
→Although 　it’s the first time that I have been here　， your friendly reception has made me feel at home.（句式升级）
★It/This/That＋was＋the first/second/...time （that） sb. had done sth.某人第一/二/……次做某事。 It/This/That＋is＋the first/second/...time （that） sb. have/has done sth.某人第一/二/……次做某事。 ★It’s high time that...should do/did sth.是该做某事的时候了（should不可省略）。 ★There/It was a time when...曾经一度……/曾经有段时间……
9　疑问词＋不定式
1.[外研必修③－1]Ben was in an awkward situation， and Agony Aunt gave him suggestions as to how 　to deal　（deal） with his problems.
2.[北师必修①－1]He feels so happy that he followed his heart when choosing 　what　 to do with his life， even though it may not be what others expected of him.
3.[译林选必②－1]So， you are interested in becoming a good journalist but don’t know where 　to start　（start）？
4.[译林选必④－3]However， you’ll also need to pay attention to the interviewer’s responses to determine 　whether　 to provide more details or not.
5.我们都知道经常锻炼很重要，但是很少有人知道如何正确地锻炼。 （建议信）
We all know that regular exercise is important， but few of us know 　how to exercise properly　.
★"疑问词＋不定式"通常在句中作宾语，也可作主语、表语、宾语补足语等。此时，不定式一般用主动式而不用被动式。 ★whether后可接不定式，而if不可以。
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023全国乙]She 　qualified　（qualify） as a surgeon in 1813， then joined the British Army， serving overseas.
qualify as sth.取得资格（或学历），合格。qualify的形容词为qualified， be qualified for/to do sth. "具备……的学历（资历、知识、技能），符合资格"；名词为qualification"资格，学历，资历"。
2.[2023浙江1月]With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever， why not book your next domestic vacation on a train？ Compared to other alternatives， it’s 　comfortable　（comfort） and relaxing.
3.[2023浙江1月]As you make your lifestyle changes， you may find yourself wanting to speak 　up　 for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing， which can turn itself into a whole household debate.
4.[2022新高考Ⅱ]"We need something on the books that can change people’s 　behavio（u）r　（behave），" said Félix W. Ortiz.
5.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Millions of waterfowl（水禽） were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly 　ambitious　（ambition） sportsmen.
6.[2020全国Ⅰ]The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off "switch" where the glow would fade when exposed 　to　 daylight.
7.[全国Ⅱ]So how should you motivate yourself？More than that， how should you stay 　motivated　（motivate） to achieve the goal？
8.[北京高考]One idea is that sleep helps us 　strengthen　（strength） new memories.
9.[天津高考]Once， after a trip to Hollywood， I returned to Australia so 　depressed　（depress）and spent months in my bedroom painting， listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again.
注意分析本句的句子结构，"I returned to Australia"结构完整，不缺成分，空处应用形容词作状语，描述主语的状态。形容词（短语）作状语的例子还有：He arrived home， hungry and tired.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.[2021新高考Ⅰ]In 1934， with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act（Act）， an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory（迁徙的） waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. 　adj.坚决的，强有力的　
2.[2021全国甲]Older and wiser now， Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion（莽撞）."I have matured and I admit responsibility for my actions，" he said in the letter.　v.成熟，长大（成人）　
mature常用作形容词，表示"成熟的"，在此活用为动词。
3.[全国Ⅰ]A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. 　n.理解（力），领会　
在写作中，grasp的"抓住"这一含义较为常用，常用表达为grasp the chance/opportunity to do sth.。另外，grasp作名词"理解（力），领会"讲时，其结构have a good grasp of常可作为be good at，know...well等的升级表达。
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——出国留学的益处
假定你是李华，你校上周举行了关于出国留学优缺点的辩论赛，且你作为正方辩手参赛。应你校英文报纸邀请，请你与同学们分享一下你的观点。要点如下：
1.增强对另一种语言的理解；
2.开阔视野；
3.增加文化交流，传播中华优秀传统文化。
◎写作要点
1.我支持一些学生出国留学的选择。（side with）
　I sided with some students’ choice of studying abroad.　
2.出国留学有利于我们增强对另一种语言及其背后文化的理解。（strengthen）
　Studying abroad is beneficial for us to strengthen our understanding of another language and the culture behind it.　
3.参与国外不同的社交活动能开阔我们的视野，有助于我们从不同的视角看世界。（involve，perspective）
　Getting involved in different social activities abroad can broaden our horizons and help us see the world from a different perspective.　
4.我们有幸能够担任文化使者，传播中华优秀传统文化，促进国家间的文化合作。（envoy，cooperation）
　We are honoured to act as cultural envoys， spreading the fine traditional Chinese culture and promoting cultural cooperation between nations.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
　In the debate，I sided with some students’ choice of studying abroad， and my reasons are as follows.　
　To begin with， studying abroad is beneficial for us to strengthen our understanding of another language and the culture behind it. Besides， getting involved in different social activities abroad can broaden our horizons and help us see the world from a different perspective. What’s more important is that we are honoured to act as cultural envoys， spreading the fine traditional Chinese culture and promoting cultural cooperation between nations.　
　In summary， studying abroad benefits us so much that it is a wise choice for us to follow.　
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之"臂部"动作
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.wave one’s arms 挥动双臂 2.gather/pull sb. into one’s arms 把某人抱在怀中 3.hold out arms 伸出胳膊 4.open/spread/unfold one’s arms＝stretch/throw one’s arms out 张开双臂 5.put/throw one’s arms around sb. 搂住某人 6.take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 7.with one’s arms folded/crossed 双臂交叉 8.arm in arm 臂挽臂 9.under the arm 挟在腋下 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.杰克双臂交叉，一声不吭地站着。 Jack stood silently 　with his arms folded/crossed　.（with复合结构） 2.一看到多年未见的老友从车上下来，她就张开手臂欢快地迎了上去。 At the sight of the old friend she hadn’t seen for years getting off the car， she 　opened/spread/unfolded her arms　， running towards her cheerfully. 3.看到她最喜欢的乐队在舞台上，她兴奋地挥动双臂。 Seeing her favorite band on stage， she 　waved her arms excitedly/in excitement　. 4.他穿着一件黑外套，腋下挟着一本书，朝办公室走去。 He walked towards the office in a black coat 　with a book under his arm　. 5.一看到母亲，她就搂住母亲，紧紧地拥抱在一起。 At the sight of her mother， she 　put/threw her arms around her 　 and hugged tightly.
佳 句 1.Staring at the carefully prepared food， Mother gathered her kids into her arms， tears running down her face.母亲看着精心准备的食物，把孩子们抱在怀里，眼泪顺着脸庞流了下来。 2.He took a firm grip of my arm and marched towards the door. 他紧紧抓住我的胳膊，朝门口走去。 3.The teacher bent down， gave this little boy a warm hug and kissed him gently on the forehead.老师弯下腰，给了这个小男孩一个温暖的拥抱，并在他的额头上轻吻了一下。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]When Argentinean thinker Juan José Sebrelli visited Shanghai in the 1960s as part of a delegation（代表团） invited by the Chinese government， he wrote that the city seemed strangely familiar.
I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016. By that time， I was doing research at home on how South American writers， diplomats（外交官） and politicians had developed a new world outlook. The opportunity of my life appeared when I was told I was recommended as the first scholar at a research center co-built by a research council of Argentina and Shanghai University for an exchange program.
My first year living in Shanghai was full of discoveries and adventures. I was in a constant state of curiosity. Every day， I discovered， tried and learned something new. In other words， the city impressed me： Its modern architecture and the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone made me feel that this place was one of the most dynamic places I’d ever been to. I recognized that this city allowed both locals and foreigners to rediscover and reinvent themselves. The experience of being in touch with a different culture has enriched my way of looking at and thinking about the world.
After three years， my program at the joint center came to an end. But Shanghai had another new surprise for me： I got an offer to work as a professor in Fudan University， which was an opportunity that I couldn’t refuse. Gradually， I regarded Shanghai as my second home and I fully understood the meaning of Sebrelli’s writing one day walking through my favorite spots of the city on Wuyuan Road and Wulumuqi Road. Several places made me have a strange feeling： The combination of Art Deco buildings and local stands on the street created an image of my homeland. At that moment， I understood that this city， as Sebrelli wrote， "is now a part of myself".
作者自2016年来到上海后在上海生活了好几年，对这座城市产生了不一样的情愫，将它当作自己的第二故乡。
【词语积累】　strangely adv.异常地，奇怪地，不可思议地
dynamic adj.充满活力的　reinvent v.以新形象示人
joint adj.联合的，共同的
【熟词生义】　stand常用义：v.站，站立；容忍，忍受　文中义：n.售货台（亭），货摊
1. Why does the author mention Juan José Sebrelli？
A. To explain Sebrelli’s influence on him.
B. To stress the close Argentina-China bond.
C. To introduce his own experience in Shanghai.
D. To show respect and admiration for Sebrelli.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段内容可知，阿根廷思想家Juan José Sebrelli在访问上海时曾写道，这座城市似乎让人异常熟悉。紧接着，第二段首句"I was reading his writing before boarding a plane on my first trip to Shanghai in 2016"提到在2016年作者开启了自己的上海之旅。由此可推知，作者提及Juan José Sebrelli是为了引出自己在上海的经历，故选C。
2. What did the author come to Shanghai to do？
A. Teach in a university.
B. Join in a program.
C. Develop a new outlook.
D. Lead joint research.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段的"The opportunity of my life appeared ... for an exchange program"可知，本题选B。
3. How did the author find Shanghai？
A. It was both familiar and strange.
B. It was dynamic and fast-paced.
C. It was inclusive and instructive.
D. It was modern and highly developed.
解析　C　推理判断题。由第三段的"the opportunities that Shanghai gave to everyone"和"I recognized that this city...rediscover and reinvent themselves"可知，上海给予每个人机会，它允许当地人和外国人重新发现自己、重塑自己，这说明上海是具有包容性的。由第三段的"The experience of being in touch with...thinking about the world"可知，接触不同文化的经历丰富了作者看待和思考世界的方式，由此可知，上海对人有一定的启发性。综上可知，本题选C。
4. What does "a strange feeling" in the last paragraph refer to？
A. The sense of identity.
B. The sense of belonging.
C. The sense of purpose.
D. The sense of satisfaction.
解析　B　推理判断题。由a strange feeling后的"The combination of...this city， as Sebrelli wrote， ‘is now a part of myself’"可推知，奇怪的感觉指的是归属感，故选B。
B
[2024河南省实验中学开学考]I was once a Chinese TV star. Actually， I’m neither Chinese nor a star， but for two seasons， I was the French voice of one of the major characters in a famous Chinese soap opera.
China has put a lot of effort into sharing its culture with the world. Chinese movies and TV shows have been translated into various languages. As a result， dubbing（配音） jobs in China have increased greatly over the years.
I landed my first dubbing job without having any previous experience， something that would be impossible in France. As I entered the tiny recording studio， I pretended to know how to dub， feeling more than ever like a fraud. I didn’t speak Chinese， so how could I know when a sentence ended？ I managed to control my shaking hands， and tried my best to match the French text with the Chinese lips. Finally， they asked me to try again， with more emotion this time. And so I did. To my surprise， I secured my first role.
Once I was in the database， I got offered roles every now and then. I really started enjoying the Chinese soap operas. As the shows helped me to better understand the Chinese family and the relationships between young people in China， I realized I was able to have deeper conversations with my Chinese friends.
And so I discovered that dubbing is not a job that stays in the office； it becomes part of you. Not only because of what other people think， but because of what you share with the character. When my character once believed her mother had killed herself， I couldn’t help crying. I left the studio and immediately called my mom， and I believe that was the nicest call I ever made to her. This might sound silly， I know， but I will miss "her". Our one-way relationship was as fictional as she was， but the emotions were real.
本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人在中国的配音经历。
1. Why have dubbing jobs in China increased quickly？
A. China has various cultures to record.
B. China has set up many cultural companies.
C. China has developed very fast in recent years.
D. China encourages TV shows to spread its culture.
解析　D　细节理解题。通过文章第二段"China has put a lot of effort into sharing its culture with the world. Chinese movies and TV shows have been translated into various languages. As a result， dubbing（配音） jobs in China have increased greatly over the years"可知，配音工作在中国迅速增加是因为中国鼓励电视节目传播其文化，故选D项。
2. What does the underlined word "fraud" in paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. Actress. B. Cheater.
C. Foreigner. D. Director.
解析　B　词义猜测题。由"I pretended to know how to dub "和"I didn’t speak Chinese， so how could I know when a sentence ended？"可推知，fraud和cheater意义一致，故选B项。
3. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？
A. The author’s Chinese friends helped her a lot.
B. Soap operas spread Chinese culture widely.
C. Dubbing in soap operas helped the author a lot.
D. The author liked Chinese soap operas very much.
解析　C　段落大意题。通读文章第四段可知，本段主要讲了在肥皂剧中配音对作者帮助很大，故选C项。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text？
A. My dubbing experience in China
B. Dubbing， an interesting job
C. Dubbing in China
D. My first success
解析　A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者作为一个法国人在中国的配音经历，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[中华文化/2023山东泰安一模]Wu Ming， a young German born after 1995， is a big fan of Chinese culture. As he thought some diseases can’t be treated 　1　 with Western medicine， he decided to 　2　 traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In 2015， Wu came to Henan Province， where a strong TCM culture can be 　3　. After a year of learning， he 　4　 the language barrier and started to learn TCM. Wu always 　5　 some Chinese herbal medicines himself to know their flavours and effects， just like Shen Nong， a character in Chinese legend. In Wu’s opinion， TCM is one of the best-preserved 　6　 of Chinese culture.
Studying TCM also 　7　 Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to be 　8　 to electronic devices， playing video games every night. Instead of being trapped in the fast-paced but unhealthy daily 　9　， he now lives a（n） 　10　 and peaceful life， practicing good habits like drinking tea and reading.
Wu　11　 what he has learned to help his family. He always provides his family members with some advice about staying fit after 　12　 their skin or tongues online. Over time， his family gradually began to understand his 　13　 for TCM.
Wu thinks there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. "　14　 comes from being out of touch，" said Wu. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic in Germany， which could serve as a 　15　 between the two countries.
本文主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后回国开设中医馆的故事。
1. A. immediately B. gradually
C. thoroughly D. consistently
解析　C　由于他认为有些疾病不能用西医彻底治愈，他决定钻研中医，故选C。
2. A. depend on B. dig into
C. look up D. work out
解析　B　参见上题解析。dig into钻研。
3. A. created B. enjoyed
C. advanced D. acknowledged
解析　B　2015年，无名来到河南，在那里他可以尽情享受浓厚的中医文化，故选B。
4. A. overcame B. seized
C. divided D. shifted
解析　A　经过一年的学习，他克服了语言障碍，开始学习中医，故选A。
5. A. raised B. sorted
C. cooked D. tasted
解析　D　无名总是亲自品尝一些中草药，以了解它们的味道和功效，就像中国传说中的神农一样，故选D。
6. A. aspects B. standards
C. themes D. means
解析　A　在无名看来，中医是中国文化保存最完好的方面之一，故选A。
7. A. enriched B. secured
C. expanded D. changed
解析　D　学习中医也改变了无名的思想和生活方式，故选D。
8. A. exposed B. reduced
C. restricted D. addicted
解析　D　他过去沉迷于电子设备，每天晚上都玩电子游戏，故选D。
9. A. business B. recreation
C. routine D. task
解析　C　他不再被困于快节奏但不健康的生活方式，现在过着平衡且平静的生活，养成了喝茶和阅读等好习惯，故选C。
10. A. balanced B. wealthy
C. humble D. efficient
解析　A　参见上题解析。balanced平衡的。
11. A. employs B. promotes
C. outlines D. conveys
解析　A　无名利用他所学到的中医知识帮助家人保持健康，故选A。
12. A. scanning B. checking
C. exploring D. comparing
解析　B　他总是在网上检查家人的皮肤和舌苔后，给他们一些保持健康的建议，故选B。
13. A. concern B. wish
C. demand D. passion
解析　D　随着时间的推移，他的家人逐渐开始理解他对中医的热爱，故选D。
14. A. Misunderstanding B. Destruction
C. Stress D. Failure
解析　A　无名说："误解源自不沟通。"故选A。
15. A. source B. basis
C. bridge D. tool
解析　C　他计划在德国开一家中国传统诊所，该诊所可作为两国之间的桥梁，故选C。
三、语法填空
[文化传播/2023广东深圳一调]For Greek photographer George Doupas， Beijing is home now. During the past decade， he has been photographing the city， capturing its beauty 1　　　　 sharing the photos online and in exhibitions.
"This2　　　　（true） represents Beijing — the old and the new， nicely mixing together，" Doupas said while showing his photograph of the Zhihua Temple， a delicate Ming Dynasty building. It 3　　　　（locate） in front of a modern office building， Galaxy Soho， which features weaving bridges and interlocking passageways.
With rich historical heritage， Beijing4　　　　（be）an important center of traditional Chinese culture since the Ming Dynasty. Doupas often gets 5　　　　（lose） in the city’s splendid ancient architecture. Meanwhile， he is also amazed by the modern city 6　　　　（combine） high-end businesses and various industries. "It is fascinating to see a rapidly-developing city that invests so much effort in preserving its past， which is 7　　　　 I decided to pursue my career here，" he said.
Doupas is determined to continue with his career in China， hoping to serve as8　　　　 bridge between China and the West. The 9　　　　（display） in Greece and the Czech Republic that showed his photos about Beijing attracted a large audience.
"I call Beijing my home now，" he said. "I’ll keep sharing photos of China 10　　　　 the rest of the world."
在北京生活多年的希腊摄影师George Doupas通过自己的照片向西方介绍中国，他也愿意继续充当中国与西方的桥梁。
1.and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词连接capturing its beauty和sharing the photos online and in exhibitions，意为"和"，所以空处填and。
2.truly　考查副词。空处所填词修饰动词represents，应用副词，所以空处填truly。
3.is located　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作主句的谓语。此处表示客观事实，时态用一般现在时；be located in意为"坐落于，位于"；主语It为第三人称单数，所以空处填is located。
4.has been　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所填词作谓语。结合时间状语since the Ming Dynasty可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Beijing为第三人称单数，所以空处填has been。
5.lost　考查形容词。固定表达get lost in...意为"沉浸于……"。
6.combining考查非谓语动词。空处所填词为非谓语动词，combine与the modern city之间是主谓关系，非谓语表示被限定事物长久的特征，所以空处填combining。
7.why　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导表语从句，表示"为什么"，所以空处填why。
8.a　考查冠词。此处表泛指，且bridge的发音以辅音音素开头，所以空处填a。
9.displays　考查名词的数。所填词表示复数意义，所以空处填displays。
10.with　考查介词。share...with...意为"与……分享……"。UNIT 4　 JOURNEY ACROSS A VAST LAND
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　arise　 vi.起身；出现；由……引起
2.　massive　 adj.巨大的；非常严重的
3.　bound　 adj.准备前往（某地）；一定会
4.　scenery　 n.风景；景色
5.　highlight　 n.最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；使醒目
6.　anticipate　 vt.预料；期望
7.　anyhow　 adv.（结束交谈或转换话题时）不过；反正
8.　proceed　 vi.行进；继续做
9.　accent　 n.口音
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　please　 vt.使高兴；讨好 vi.喜欢；愿意→　pleasant　 adj.令人愉快的；友好的→　pleased　 adj.高兴的；满意的→　pleasure　 n.快乐；娱乐；乐事
2.　literature　 n.文学→　literary　 adj.文学的→　literally　 adv.字面上；真正地
3.　breath　 n.呼吸的空气→　breathless　 adj.气喘吁吁的→　breathe　 vt.& vi.呼吸
4.　freeze　 vi.& vt.结冰；（使）冻住→　freezing　 adj.极冷的；冰冻的→　frozen　 adj.结冰的，冷冻的
5.　astonish　 vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊→　astonishing　 adj.非常惊人的；令人十分吃惊的→　astonished　 adj.感到十分惊讶的→　astonishment　 n.惊讶
6.　mist　 n.薄雾；水汽→　misty　 adj.多雾的；模糊的
7.　advertise　 vt.& vi.（为……）做广告；宣传；征聘→　advertisement　 n.广告；启事
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.craft　n.　手艺；工艺；技艺　
2.antique　n. 　古物；古董　　adj.　古老的；古董的　
3.spectacular　adj.　壮观的；惊人的　　n.　壮丽的场面　
4.peak　n.　顶峰；尖形　
5.curtain　n. 　窗帘　
6.border　n.　国界；边界（地区）　
7.duration　n. 　持续时间；期间　
8.harbour　n. 　（海）港；港口　
9.shore　n. 　岸；滨　
10.dusk　n.　黄昏；傍晚　
11.photographer　n. 　摄影师；拍照者　
12.toast　n.　烤面包片；干杯　　vt.　为……干杯　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　take sb.’s breath away　 令人惊叹
2.　in addition to　 除……之外（还）
3.　in the distance　 在远处
4.　go through　 穿过；经历；检查；完成
5.　a bunch of　 一束；一群；大量
6.　contrary to　 相反的；相对立的
7.　owe sth. to sb.　 欠（某人情）；把……归功于某人
8.all the way 一路上；自始至终；一直　
9.pass through 穿过　
10.proceed to sth.　进而做（参加）　
11.in contrast to 　与……截然不同；相比之下　
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　Rather than travel　 by commercial airline all the way， they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train. （rather than连接并列成分）
她们没有一路乘坐商业航班，而是决定先飞到温哥华，然后再乘坐火车。
2.　Seen from the train window　， the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. （过去分词短语作状语）
从火车窗口往外望去，加拿大的山脉和森林显得很辽阔。
3.　Looking at the beautiful scenery　， they both agreed that it was the most awesome journey they had ever taken.（现在分词短语作状语）
看着这美丽的风景，她们两人一致认为这是她们有生以来最棒的旅行。
4.Since it can be 　too cold to go outdoors　， Edmonton is home to many shopping malls.（too...to...）
因为天太冷不能去户外，埃德蒙顿成了许多购物中心的所在地。
5.　It was not until 9：30 a.m. that they finally reached　the capital of Ontario， Toronto. （It is/was not until...that...）
直到上午九点半，她们才终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.One of the 　highlights　 （最精彩的部分） of the trip was seeing the West Lake.
2.No matter what difficulties 　arise　， we’re sure to overcome them bravely and wisely.
3.The international exchange students took a plane 　bound　 for Kunming to experience the Chinese folk culture there.
4.The 　scenery　 along the river is amazing，with many well-known sightseeing spots.
5.A 　massive　 number of people went to the earthquake-stricken area to offer help.
6.He answered our questions in English but with a thick 　accent　.
7.I have every intention of paying her back what I 　owe　 her.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Many places in the north of China witnessed the 　freezing　 cold winter last year， and many things were 　frozen　.（freeze）
2.He shows great interest in 　literature　 and has bought a lot of 　literary　 books.（literature）
3.After a long run， he was breathless　. He stopped， 　breathed　 deeply and then went on running.（breath）
4.To my 　pleasure　， the new cook can make dishes with a 　pleasant　 smell. So I’m very 　pleased　 with him. （please）
5.To my 　astonishment　， they seemed very 　astonished　 at the news， which was not 　astonishing　 at all.（astonish）
6.It is a bit 　misty　 this morning， for there is much 　mist　 rising in the woods.（mist）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
take one’s breath away in addition to
a bunch of go through contrary to
1.We went climbing and the sight of the beautiful mountains 　took our breath away　.
2.I placed ham sandwiches， sausages and 　a bunch of　bananas on a small wooden table.
3.　Contrary to　 popular history books， most academic books tend to adopt a more analytical approach to studying history.
4.She 　went through　 a period of emotional adjustment after her friendship with Jane broke up.
5.　In addition to　 making people aware of a product or service， a successful advertisement will also create a desire to buy， thus boosting business.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.被这个故事深深地感动了，孩子们开始哭了起来。（过去分词短语作状语）
　Deeply moved by the story　， the children began to cry.
2.我习惯早点开始，而不是把所有事情都留到最后。（rather than连接并列成分）
I’m used to starting early， 　rather than leaving everything to the last minute　.
3.直到这个地区被严重污染了，他们才认识到该是采取行动阻止污染的时候了。（It is/was not until...that...）
　It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realised　 that it was high time to take action to stop the pollution.
4.我写信向你求助，希望你能向我伸出援助之手。（现在分词短语作状语）
I’m writing to ask for your help，　hoping that you will offer me a helping hand　.
5.我过去太害羞了，不敢在公共场合大声说话。（too...to...）
I used to be 　too shy to speak aloud in public　.
During my two years of study in China， I collected a bunch of wonderful memories and gained massively extensive knowledge about this great country. One of the pleasant memories was the visit to Zijin Mountain， which was literally challenging because of the long hours of journey before reaching the peak. We arose early in the misty morning when the trees were still covered with frost， and the cold weather seemed to freeze my hands off. However， the sight of the awesome sceneries alongside the mountain road took my breath away.
When we arrived at the top， the spectacular sunrise really astonished us. One of my friends， acting as our photographer， took a photo of us. All in all， I think the highlight of climbing mountains is what we experience all the way rather than what we finally see at the peak. The experience is bound to leave a deep impression on me.
1　arise （arose， arisen） vi.起身；出现；由……引起；起床
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①If any problem arises later， you must take her to the hospital without delay. 　出现　
②[外研选必④－1]Of course， the greatest dilemmas arise from moral problems， when we are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing. 　由……引起　
③When a guest pays a visit to your family， you’d better arise from your chair immediately to show your warm welcome. 　起身　
④[人教选必②－4]The next morning， the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise， passing through the Canadian Rockies. 　起床　
2.His carelessness resulted in his failure in the final exam.
→　His failure in the final exam arose from/out of his carelessness.　（用arise改写）
（1）arise（arose，arisen）表示"产生，出现，引起"时，主语多为抽象名词，如problem，quarrel，argument，question，happiness，crisis等；表示"起立，起身"时，同rise。
（2）rise（rose，risen）意为"升起；上升；起立"，说明主语自身移向较高的位置，既可表示具体的动作，又可表示抽象的动作，如日、月等升起，烟、雾、水面等升高，人站立起来。如：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。
（3）raise（raised，raised）意为"（使）直立，站立"和"举起，提起，抬起"时，说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他人或事物的。如：
She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她抬起一根手指放在唇边，示意安静。
★arise from/out of（＝result from）由……引起/产生 arise from one’s chair/seat从椅子/座位上站起来
2　breath n.呼吸的空气
1.hold one’s breath　take a deep breath　take one’s breath away
①[外研选必④－4]Feeling dizzy， Zhang Yue 　took a deep breath　 as she struggled to finish her presentation， "And that is why I need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one."
②They boarded the train to Lake Louise， where the blue water 　took their breath away　 with its exceptional beauty.
③[译林选必①－2]I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio，　holding my breath　and waiting for the first notes of the song.
2.他跑回家，上气不接下气，脸都红了。 （读后续写之神态描写）
He ran back home，　out of breath/breathless　 and with his face red.
★hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 take a deep breath 深吸一口气 take one’s breath away 令某人惊叹 out of breath 喘不上气来，上气不接下气 ★breathe vt.& vi.呼吸 ★breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的
3　freeze（froze，frozen） vi.& vt.结冰；（使）冻住
1.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the 　freezing　（freeze）wind and snow.
2.[外研必修②－1]Once a week， we do a big shop and buy a lot of 　frozen　（freeze） food.
3.当他看到有个黑影朝他走来，他吓得僵住了。 （读后续写之神态描写）
When he saw a dark figure approaching him， 　he froze in horror/he was frozen in horror　.
★freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的 freezing cold极冷的；冻僵的 ★frozen adj.冷冻的；结冰的 be frozen to death被冻死 freeze/be frozen with/in sth.惊呆；吓呆
4　astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊（amaze，surprise）
1.[外研选必①－1]Again， the man whispered in the tiger’s ear. The tiger looked shocked and hurried away. "What did you say to my animals？" said the emperor， 　astonished　（astonish）.
结合语境可知，空处所填词修饰the emperor，应用形容词作状语。
2.[北师选必②－4]When he looks at the menu， an 　astonished　（astonish） look quickly appears on his face.
astonishing为形容词，意为"令人惊讶的"；astonished为形容词，意为"感到惊讶的"。一般情况下，astonishing用来修饰物，astonished用来修饰人。当用于修饰look，smile，voice，expression等情绪类名词时，应用astonished。
3.[外研选必①－4]It is absolutely 　astonishing　（astonish） to see a superhighway world map made entirely of wires and cables.
4.你拒绝了出国留学的机会，这使我非常吃惊，因而写信询问原因。 （建议信）
→①You turned down the opportunity to study abroad， 　which astonished me greatly　， so I’m writing to ask the reason.（astonish，定语从句）
→②　It greatly astonished me that　 you turned down the opportunity to study abroad， so I’m writing to ask the reason.（astonish，it作形式主语）
→③　To my great astonishment　， you turned down the opportunity to study abroad， so I’m writing to ask the reason.（astonishment）
→④　I’m greatly astonished to　 learn that you turned down the opportunity to study abroad， so I’m writing to ask the reason.（astonished）
★It astonishes sb. that...令某人惊讶的是…… ★astonished adj.感到惊讶的 be astonished at/by sth.对……感到惊讶 be astonished to find/hear/learn/see sth.因发现/听说/得知/看到某事而惊讶 ★astonishing adj.令人十分惊讶的 It’s astonishing that...令人惊讶的是…… ★astonishment n.惊讶，惊奇 in astonishment 惊讶地 to one’s astonishment令某人惊讶的是
5　owe vt.欠（账、债、情等）
1.The company went bankrupt and owed money 　to　 more than 60 banks.
2.我没能和你一起去商场，我该向你道歉。 （道歉信）
I 　owe you an apology/owe an apology to you　 for failing to go to the shopping mall with you.
3.Thanks to your encouragement and guidance， I made dramatic progress in my English writing. （感谢信）
→①　Owing to your encouragement and guidance， I made dramatic progress in my English writing.　（owing to）
→②　I owe the dramatic progress in my English writing to your encouragement and guidance.　（owe...to...）
★owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 owe...to...把……归功于…… owe an apology to sb./owe sb. an apology应向某人道歉 ★owing to因为，由于（＝thanks to/because of/due to/as a result of/on account of）
6　rather than 而不是
1.[外研必修②－2]People are also discovering the fun of interacting with the celebrations，rather than simply 　watching　（watch） as part of an audience.
2.They said the young man， rather than the passengers， 　was　（be） responsible for the incident.
3.从现在开始，我要更注意我的健康而不是体重。
　From now on， I’ll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight.　
4.有些同学宁愿与其他人合住，也不愿跟父母住在家里。
Some students 　would share a room with others rather than live at home/would rather share a room with others than live at home/prefer to share a room with others rather than live at home　 with their parents.
★rather than连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。 ★表示"宁愿做……也不愿做……"的句型： would do...rather than do.../would rather do...than do.../prefer to do...rather than do...
7　all the way 一路上；完全地
1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义
①You can feel that the audience is with her all the way. 　完全地　
②She didn’t speak a word to me all the way back home. 　一路上　
2.on the way　in the way　in a way　in this way
①[译林必修①－3]Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed. 　In this way　，we can better walk the "path of life" with the comfort，advice and help from our trusted friends.
②[北师必修②－5]While he was 　on the way　 to Antarctica， he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south， too.
③I recommend you to participate in some activities， but never let your social life get 　in the way　 of your study. （建议信）
④[北师选必②－5]Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds 　in a way　.
★in a way在某种程度上 by the way顺便提一下 in the way妨碍；挡道 in this way用这种方法 on the way to...在去……的途中 in no way一点也不，决不
8　too＋形容词/副词＋to do sth.
1.[外研必修①－1]"Nice to know we share the same name，" said my new teacher.I had been too nervous 　to pay　（pay） attention when he introduced himself！
2.He isn’t mature enough to know how to act and talk on such occasions.
→He is 　too young to know　 how to act and talk on such occasions. （too...to...）
3.如果有幸能得到你的指导，那真是再好不过了。 （求助信）
　It can’t be too good if I can get your guidance.　（can’t be too）
★too...to...表示否定意义，意为"太……而不能……"。 ★can never/can’t be too...再……也不为过
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形
1.[2023全国乙]It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any 　advertising　（advertise） campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
本句是一个强调句，被强调的部分是"thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign"。句意：多亏了这些电视节目的厨师们，而不是任何广告宣传活动，英国人正在对双素炖肉和预制菜失去兴趣，且在烹饪习惯上变得更有冒险精神。
2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich， Switzerland， has found how and why this trend 　arose　（arise）.
此处表示"已经发现这个趋势如何出现以及为什么出现的"，所以根据句意可知，此处arise这个动作发生在has found之前，空处应该用一般过去时。应注意arise为不规则变化动词，过去式和过去分词分别为arose，arisen。
3.[2021全国甲]It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and 　freezing　（freeze） fog hung in the air.
4.[2021新高考Ⅰ]But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 　astonished　（astonish）.
此处是"leave＋宾语＋宾补（形容词）"结构，表示"使……处于某种状态"，形容词描述的是宾语us的状态，应用astonished。
5.[2020北京]Pessimists， 　on　 the contrary， tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.
6.[全国Ⅰ]If you exercise out of doors， your body will learn to 　breathe　（breath） more deeply， allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉） and your brain.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.
A. n.山峰 B. adj.最佳的
C. adj.最大值的 D. v.达到最大值
①[2022浙江1月]For the study， 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity（心血管容量）.　C　
②[全国Ⅲ]But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. 　A　
③[江苏高考]While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life， global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions（排放） peak. 　D　
④[湖北高考]With every planted food， Loe noted， there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. 　B　
2.[2023全国乙]Jacqueline Felice de Almania （c.1322） highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. 　v.强调　
3.[2021全国乙]I’m worried I’ll get nervous and freeze on stage. I might forget how to spell everything， even my own name. 　v.（因害怕等）停住不动　
4.[天津高考]A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. 　n.训练，演习　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——旅游线路推荐
[北京高考]你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者"泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1.你建议的线路；
2.你的理由；
3.你的祝愿。
◎写作要点
1.长江和泰山都是有着宜人风景的著名旅游景点。（pleasant，scenery）
　Both the Yangtze River and Mount Tai are famous tourist attractions with pleasant scenery.　
2.长江沿线的风景一定会让你惊叹。（alongside，bound，take one’s breath away）
　The view alongside the river is bound to take your breath away.　
3.它也是整个旅行最精彩的部分。（highlight）
　It is also the highlight of the whole journey.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
Dear Jim，
　I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.　
　Both the Yangtze River and Mount Tai are famous tourist attractions with pleasant scenery. However， personally， I prefer the Yangtze River， believing the view alongside the river is bound to take your breath away. It is also the highlight of the whole journey. 　
　Hope you’ll have a good time in China. 　
Yours，
Li Hua
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之"腿部"动作
积累背诵 仿写运用
词 组 1.on shaky/trembling/tired/heavy legs 用颤抖/疲惫/沉重的双腿 2.cross one’s legs 交叉双腿 3.drag one’s heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿 4.break into a run拔腿就跑 5.go down on one’s knee（s） 跪下 6.leap/spring from one’s seat从座位上跳起来 7.run for one’s life拼命逃跑 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.他努力向终点跑去，嘴巴干涩，双腿颤抖。 He struggled to run towards the finish line， 　with his mouth dry and his legs trembling　. （with复合结构） 2.他跌坐在沙发中，双腿交叉，用拳头支着下巴，陷入沉思。 He sank in the sofa， 　crossed his legs　 and rested his chin on one fist， lost in deep thought. 3.他疲惫不堪，拖着两条沉重的腿回到了家。 He 　dragged his heavy legs　 back home， tired out. 4.从电视上看到我国运动员赢得比赛的那一刻，我像火箭一样从座位上跳了起来，兴奋地手舞足蹈。 Seeing the players of our country win the game， I 　leaped/sprang from my seat　 like a rocket， dancing around with wild excitement. 5.野狗在后面追我，我拼命地跑。 I 　ran for my life　 when the wild dog was chasing me.
佳 句 1.No longer hesitating， he jumped/leaped off the truck and ran/rushed/dashed quickly towards the house.他不再犹豫，跳下卡车，飞快地朝房子跑去。 2.He fell over， flat on his back with his legs wide.他摔倒了，背部着地，双腿叉开。 3.Jenny walked slowly to the front， with her legs trembling and her heart bumping nearly out of her chest.珍妮两腿发抖慢慢地走上前去，心都快跳出来了。
一、阅读理解
A
[2023广西贵港三模]Cory， aged 30， was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症） at a very young age. Because of his condition， he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother， Sandy Gilbreath， raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability was challenging， she ensured that Cory didn’t miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.
He and his mother traveled to Antarctica in February. It was the seventh and final continent off his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents！
According to Cory， traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip， making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures， there weren’t many online resources discussing accessible travel. To help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does， he decided to share his knowledge in his blog. Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community， Cory and his mother wrote a children’s book， titled Let’s Explore with Cor Cor， which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.
"Traveling to all seven continents wasn’t something I was sure was going to be possible，" he said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude， the opportunities are limitless."
从小被诊断患有脊髓性肌萎缩症的科里坐轮椅游览了七大洲，他决定在博客上分享他的旅行知识，帮助其他残疾旅行者像他一样探索世界。
1. What made Cory Lee decide to visit all seven continents？
A. His mother’s expectation.
B. His travelling experiences.
C. His dream of helping others.
D. His objective of making a history.
解析　B　细节理解题。由第一段中的"Sandy took him on road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents"可知，是科里童年时，妈妈带他去公路旅行的经历让他下定决心访问所有七大洲， 故选B项。
2. What worries Cory most about a trip？
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.
解析　D　推理判断题。由第三段中的"According to Cory， traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research. He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip， making sure that there are accessible transportation options in the location"可知， 科里因为身体原因要坐轮椅旅行，所以在每次旅行前他研究要去的地方有没有方便的交通选择，由此可得知科里旅行时最担心的是交通问题，故选D项。
3. Why did Cory and his mother write the book？
A. To enrich online resources.
B. To record travelling events.
C. To help people with special needs.
D. To introduce wheelchair adventures.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第四段中的"Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using community， Cory and his mother wrote a children’s book， titled Let’s Explore with Cor Cor， which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair"可知，为了帮助有特殊需要的人，科里和他妈妈才写书的， 故选C项。
4. What can we learn from Cory’s story？
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity.
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children’s dreams.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第一段中的"Cory， aged 30， was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy（脊髓性肌萎缩症） at a very young age. Because of his condition， he began using a wheelchair at age 4"、第二段中的"He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents！"和最后一段"‘Traveling to all seven continents wasn’t something I was sure was going to be possible，’ he said. ‘But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude， the opportunities are limitless.’"可知，科里从小坐轮椅，但因为保持着坚定和积极的态度，他才能完成游览所有七大洲的目标，由此可得知，即使残疾，坚定的心也能帮助人们实现梦想，所以没有什么能阻止一颗坚定的心，故选A项。
B
[2024广东四校联考]Getting to Antarctica is not easy. The few who are lucky enough to visit this most mysterious continent do so by ship. To reach Antarctica， ships must pass through an extremely violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage， considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet.
Walls of water thirty， sometimes forty feet high continually crashed against our ship for two solid days. We would hold on to a rope inside the ship while being violently tipped（倾斜） to one extreme side， then to the other， and then back again. My daughter Claire and I were as mentally prepared as we could be.
About two and a half days after entering the Drake Passage， the waters calmed. Soon， we noticed small black spots on nearby pieces of floating ice. Emperor penguins（企鹅）！ Then， we began the two-mile hike over the ice to the penguin colony. Within several hundred yards， small groups of emperors， perhaps ten or so at a time， greeted us， sliding on their bellies and making their wonderful noises， sort of a long， high-pitched sound.
One day， two adult emperors with their three chicks following them approached Claire， who was resting on the ice. They left the chicks with her， as if she were the babysitter. Twenty minutes later they returned to collect the chicks. And I will never forget the penguin that， when I jokingly asked which way back to the helicopters， pointed a wing in the correct direction. Every night aboard our safe and warm ship， we thought about what it took to survive in Antarctica， an incredibly harsh（恶劣的） place.
But each day on the ice， we also thought about the Drake Passage， the impact of the large body of water we had to endure to get where we were. Over the course of our visit， we came to respect the power of that sea. We still talk about the penguins， as I’m sure we always will. But we talk about the Drake Passage， too. Both experiences were unforgettable， and one would not have been possible without the other.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了作者和女儿前往南极洲的经历。
1. Why is the Drake Passage mentioned in the first paragraph？
A. The water in the area is usually calm.
B. People can see very attractive scenery there.
C. It is quite a dangerous section of the journey.
D. A lot of sea animals often appear in the area.
解析　C　推理判断题。由文章第一段中的"To reach Antarctica， ships must pass through an extremely violent area of ocean called the Drake Passage， considered to be the roughest stretch of sea on the planet"可知，第一段提到德雷克海峡是因为这是旅程中相当危险的一段，故选C。
2. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The visitors appreciated the penguins.
B. The living habits of emperor penguins.
C. How penguins made their wonderful noises.
D. The appearance and shape of emperor penguins.
解析　A　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是游客们欣赏企鹅，故选A。
3. What can we infer from the fourth paragraph？
A. Penguins try to avoid human beings.
B. Penguins are not afraid of human beings.
C. Claire played with the two adult penguins for a long time.
D. Claire led the young penguins to where the adult penguins stayed.
解析　B　推理判断题。由文章第四段中的"One day， two adult emperors with their three chicks following them approached Claire， who was resting on the ice. They left the chicks with her， as if she were the babysitter"可推断，企鹅不怕人类，故选B。
4. What does the underlined word "endure" in the last paragraph mean？
A. Promote. B. Break.
C. Arrange. D. Experience.
解析　D　词义猜测题。由"Over the course of our visit， we came to respect the power of that sea"可推知，到达德雷克海峡必须忍受巨大水流的冲击，所以endure的意思是"经历，经受"。
二、完形填空
[奋斗精神/2023河北衡水三模]Two Canadian cyclists with Parkinson’s disease are taking an 8，000-kilometer journey across Canada. They are riding for a good 　1　. This dynamic team wants to 　2　 other people with Parkinson’s to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life.
Steve Iseman and Jim Redmond　3　 their bike tour on June 25， 2022， in Victoria， British Columbia. They were both physically 　4　 before they were diagnosed（诊断） with early Parkinson’s. Instead of 　5　 themselves to sadness， they felt determined to keep active. Also， knowing people with Parkinson’s tend to be 　6　 to get on a bike and live in loneliness， they wanted to convey this 　7　 during their ride： Believe in yourself and you are more 　8　 than you think.
"If you feel muscle weakness， add pedal-assist to the ride. If cycling doesn’t 　9　 you， there are so many other activities. The 　10　 line is that you must get moving and do an activity， despite your fears and the voice inside your head 　11　 ‘I can’t’，" said Iseman.
On August 2， the riders were over halfway through their three-month ride. They are being 　12　 by local news stations and podcasters along the way， 　13　 to get the word out and to raise money for research. "The rewards of riding are 　14　， being great for mind， body， and mood. You just feel the freedom and 　15　 coming back，" said Iseman.
两名患有帕金森的加拿大自行车骑手参加了8 000公里自行车骑行，他们想要激励其他帕金森患者骑上自行车，重新发现生活中的自由和快乐。
1. A. source B. cause
C. identity D. occasion
解析　B　由语境可知，他们的骑行是为了筹钱做慈善，故选B，a good cause意为"慈善事业"。
2. A. instruct B. enable
C. allow D. inspire
解析　D　此处说的是"这个充满活力的团队希望激励（inspire）其他帕金森患者骑上自行车，重新发现生活中的自由和快乐"，故选D。
3. A. kicked off B. put up
C. crossed off D. picked up
解析　A　这两个人在2022年6月25日开始（kicked off）了自行车之旅，故选A。
4. A. fit B. weak
C. serious D. injured
解析　A　此处说的是"在被诊断患有早期帕金森之前，他们的身体都很健康（fit）"，故选A。
5. A. accustoming B. adapting
C. abandoning D. applying
解析　C　此处说的是"他们没有让自己沉浸在悲伤中，而是决心保持活跃"，故选C，abandon oneself to...意为"让自己沉浸在……之中"。
6. A. careful B. curious
C. afraid D. proud
解析　C　此处表达的是"此外，知道帕金森患者往往害怕（afraid）骑自行车且生活在孤独中，他们想在骑行过程中传达这样的信息：相信自己，你比你想象的更有能力"，故选C。
7. A. option B. method
C. situation D. message
解析　D　参见上题解析。message信息。
8. A. different B. capable
C. creative D. sensitive
解析　B　参见第6题解析。capable有能力的。
9. A. suit B. challenge
C. bear D. transform
解析　A　由"there are so many other activities"可知，此处说的是"如果骑行不适合你，你可以选择其他的活动"，故选A。
10. A. beginning B. central
C. ceiling D. bottom
解析　D　此处说的是"关键是，你必须动起来，做一种活动，尽管你害怕，尽管你脑子里的声音坚持说‘我做不到’"，选D。
11. A. recalling B. complaining
C. insisting D. trembling
解析　C　参见上题解析。insist 坚持说。
12. A. interrupted B. interviewed
C. annoyed D. investigated
解析　B　由空后的"by local news stations and podcasters along the way"可知，两人接受了当地新闻电台和播客的采访，故选B。
13. A. hoping B. pretending
C. failing D. refusing
解析　A　一路上，他们接受了当地新闻电台和播客的采访，希望（hoping）能把这一消息传出去，并为研究筹集资金。
14. A. insignificant B. improper
C. boundless D. fruitless
解析　C　这里指的是骑行的好处是无限的（boundless），故选C。
15. A. justice B. fame
C. status D. joy
解析　D　由文章第一段中的"people with Parkinson’s to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy in life"可知，空处所填词指的是喜悦，故选D。
三、语法填空
[2024广东深圳10月月考]The term "Special Forces-style Tourism" 1　　　　（gain） popularity on China’s social media platforms lately. It refers to the recent trend among young people who want to visit as many scenic 2　　　　（spot） as possible while spending the least time and money.
When it comes to 3　　　　 major expense of travel， namely accommodation， Chinese "special forces" have their own solutions. Some young travelers choose to stay overnight 4　　　　 private rooms at 24-hour chain restaurants like Haidilao hot pot. Others prefer to spend the night on forms of transportation， such as taking sleeper trains.
According to a travel report 5　　　　（release） by Tongcheng Travel， during this year’s Labor Day holiday， the domestic 6　　　　（consume） in tourism market experienced a boom. Peak daily orders for hotels， attractions， and transportation outweighed those of the peak day during this year’s Spring Festival.
Opinions on this new hit 7　　　　（divide）. Some young people are keen to practice this high-intensity travel style with their good physical fitness. Some criticize that it is meaningless， 8　　　　（state） that one could spend two or three days just exploring the Forbidden City， and they do not understand 9　　　　 students can thoroughly visit ten attractions in just 48 hours. Meanwhile， some believe this kind of traveling is 10　　　　（simple） an expression of youthful impulse.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是"特种兵式旅游"的特点以及人们对这种旅行方式的不同看法。
1.has gained　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语。由时间状语lately可知，此处应使用现在完成时，且gain与句子主语The term "Special Forces-style Tourism"之间为主动关系，故填has gained。
2.spots　考查名词的数。所填词作宾语。由空前的many可知，空格处填spots。
3.the　考查冠词。此处的"费用"特指旅行的主要费用，所以此处应使用定冠词the。
4.in　考查介词。in private rooms表示"在私人房间"。
5.released　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。release与a travel report之间为被动关系，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填released。
6.consumption　考查名词。由空前的形容词可知，空处需要填不可数名词consumption（消费）。
7.are divided　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，所填词作谓语。由语境可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应使用一般现在时；divide与句子主语Opinions on this new hit之间为被动关系，故填are divided。
8.stating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应为非谓语动词。state与Some之间为主动关系，且此处表示伴随状况，所以空格处填stating。
9.how　考查宾语从句。所填词引导宾语从句，表示方式，故填how。
10.simply　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作状语，修饰谓语部分，故用副词simply。选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1　 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1.　severe　 adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2.　suspect　 vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有 n.犯罪嫌疑人
3.　blame　 vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备
4.　handle　 n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵
5.　link　 n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来
6.　decrease　 n.减少；降低 vt.& vi.减少；降低
7.　transform　 vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变
8.　cast　 vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
9.　shadow　 n.阴影；影子；背光处
10.　pour　 vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
11.　outstanding　 adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
12.　gifted　 adj.有天赋的；有天才的
13.　concept　 n.概念；观念
14.　brilliant　 adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
15.　shift　 n.改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt.转移；转向
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1.　frustrate　 vt.使懊丧；使沮丧→　frustrated　 adj.懊恼的；沮丧的→　frustrating　 adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→　frustration　 n.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧
2.　infect　 vt.使感染；传染→　infection　 n.感染；传染
3.　prove　 vt.证明→　proof　 n.证据；证明；检验
4.　pure　 adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→　purify　 vt.使纯净；使洁净→　purity　 n.纯洁；纯净
5.　defend　 vt.保卫；防守；辩解→　defence　 n.防御；防务
6.　assist　 vt.& vi.帮助；协助→　assistant　 n.助理；助手→　assistance　 n.帮助；援助
7.　lead　 v.领导；导致；通向→　leader　 n.领导者→　leadership　 n.领导；领导地位；领导才能→　leading　 adj.最重要的；一流的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.contradictory　adj.　相互矛盾的；对立的　
2.subscribe　vi.　认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳 （会费） 　
3.multiple　adj.　数量多的；多种多样的　
4.substantial　adj.　大量的；价值巨大的；重大的　
5.statistic　n.[pl.]　统计数字；统计资料；统计学　
6.framework　n.　框架；结构　
7.solid　adj.　可靠的；固体的；坚实的　
8.rainbow　n.　彩虹　
9.concrete　n.　混凝土　　adj. 　确实的；具体的　
10.patriotic　adj.　爱国的　
11.trace　vt.　追溯；查出　　n.　痕迹；踪迹　
12.abstract　adj.　抽象的；理论上的　　n.　（文献等的）摘要　
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1.　in general　 总的来说
2.　thanks to　 幸亏；由于
3.　depend on/upon　 依靠；信赖；取决于
4.　calm down　 平静下来
5.　break out　 突然开始；爆发
6.　in charge of　 主管；掌管
7.　above all　 最重要的是；尤其是
8.once and for all 最终地；彻底地　
9.subscribe to 　同意；赞同　
10.deal with 　处理；应对；涉及　
11.carry out 　履行；执行　
12.come down 　患（病）；染上（小病）　
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1.　It seemed that　 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.（it seems/seemed that...）
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
2.Accordingly， he 　had　 the handle of the pump 　removed　 so that it could not be used. （have sth. done）
因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
3.The people who drank this water 　were much more likely to get　 cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.（be likely to do）
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水（被污染的水）的人更容易染上霍乱。
4.However， what might have 　made him such an outstanding and creative scientist　was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing.（make＋宾语＋宾补）
然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.What she had said sounded convincing， but I 　suspected　 that she was telling a lie.
2.A man can fail many times， but he isn’t a failure until he begins to 　blame　（责备） somebody else.
3.To tell the truth， I don’t know if I can 　handle　 （处理） the job.
4.Smog became a 　severe　 problem in Britain because people at that time burnt lots of fossil fuels.
5.There is strong evidence of a 　link　 between exercise and a healthy heart.
6.A sitting room can be 　transformed　 into a guest bedroom simply by adding a sofa-bed.
7.Thanks to the 　outstanding　 scholars and scientists， we have made great progress in many fields.
8.The pop star’s popularity 　decreased　 as he got older， which is only to be expected.
9. He is a 　gifted　 child who has an extraordinary memory for figures.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.To better 　defend　 our territory， our country should insist on the construction of national 　defence　.（defend）
2.A 　leader　 should pay attention to 　leadership　 skills. Thus， he can make his company become a 　leading　one.（lead）
3.John is my 　assistant　.One day he came to my 　assistance　 when I needed his help. He 　assisted　 me in finishing the assignment of that day.（assist）
4.The machine can 　purify　 running water. So many people have bought one to get 　pure　 water.（pure）
5.His wound was 　infected　 with germs. The 　infection　 led to his fever.（infect）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
once and for all subscribe to thanks to break out
in charge of come down above all
1.We finally decided to handle this annoying matter 　once and for all　.
2.Tom 　came down　 with flu and had to stay home.
3.An experienced engineer is 　in charge of　 the project.
4.　Thanks to　 recent research， effective treatments are available.
5.We are in the habit of 　subscribing to　 morning papers so as to keep up with current events.
6.They had escaped to America shortly before the war 　broke out　 in 1939.
7.Looking back， Diana owes her competence and achievements to the goal she set， the education she received， and 　above all　， the efforts she made.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.他更有可能得到这个工作，因为他在所有申请者中是如此优秀。（be likely to do）
He 　is more likely to get the job　， because he is so outstanding among all the applicants.
2.尽管有人反对，但是似乎大多数人都同意这个观点。（it seems/seemed that...）
Although there was disagreement， 　it seemed that the majority of people　 agreed with this view.
3.如果你想周日去爬山，最好在那之前把作业都做完。（have sth. done）
If you want to climb the mountain on Sunday， you’d better 　have your homework finished　 before that.
4.对我来说，购物不仅是一个爱好，它还使我愉快和放松。（make＋宾语＋宾补）
To me， shopping is more than a hobby. 　It also makes me delighted and relaxed　.
Once upon a time， a severe disease broke out in a small country， making people easily infected and casting a shadow on their life. At first， people suspected it was linked to some kinds of animals， blaming those who ate them or killed them for money. But some didn’t subscribe to this view. Medical workers across the country went to join in the fight， defending the country with their lives. They took effective measures， handled every case of infection immediately and， above all， never gave up on anyone. Thanks to their selfless efforts， people who came down with the disease soon recovered， and the number of infection cases decreased in a short time. Everything was a solid proof that they did a wonderful job in the fight against the virus.
1　blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责　 n.责备；指责
1.[人教选必②－1]He was 　to blame　（blame）for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
2.Some experts blamed the death of all the plants 　on　 a certain rare disease.
3.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你更需要的是自我反思。 （建议信）
→①Don’t always 　blame your own failure on others　； what you need more is self-reflection.（blame v.）
→②Don’t 　lay/put the blame for your own failure on others　； what you need more is self-reflection.（blame n.）
4.由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。 （读后续写之情感描写）
　Blamed for the failure of the performance　， Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
（1）to blame作表语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
（2）通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查；
（3）blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for，on后跟责怪的对象， for后跟责怪的原因。
★be to blame （for...）（因某事）应受责备；应（为……）承担责任 blame sb. for （doing） sth.责备某人（做了）某事 blame sth. on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事 ★bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame for sth.为某事承担责任 put/lay the blame for sth. on...把某事的责任归咎于……
2　link n.联系；纽带　vt.把……连接起来；相关联
1.[北师选必②－6]They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked 　with/to　 the product is — most people know and anticipate that the main purpose of the advertisement is to make customers buy the product.
本题解题前应先分析句子结构，"linked with/to the product"在how引导的从句中作后置定语，修饰从句的主语idea。本题实际上考查的是link...with/to...的被动结构。
2.早在两千多年前，古丝绸之路就把中国和中亚的一些国家联系起来了。
The ancient Silk Road 　linked China to/with some countries　 in Central Asia as early as over 2，000 years ago.
3.研究者发现经常在外吃饭与体重的增长有直接的联系。
Researchers have found that 　there is a direct link between　 eating out frequently and the increase in weight.
★link...with/to...把……和……连接/联系起来 There is a link between...and...……和……之间有联系。 ★表示"联系"的短语：be related to，be associated with， be involved in， be connected with等。
3　decrease n.减少；降低；减少量　 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低（reduce）
1.Compared with last year， the price of wheat has decreased 　by　 15％ this year.
2.Fortunately，the number of cyclists running the red light is 　on　 the decrease.
run the red light闯红灯。
3.There are fewer and fewer poor people in China with its economy growing rapidly.
→The number of poor people in China 　is decreasing/on the decrease　 with its economy growing rapidly.（用decrease替换）
表示"减少、降低"的意思时，decrease既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
★decrease （from...） to...（从……）减少到…… decrease by减少了…… on the decrease在下降中，在减少中 ★increase表示"增长；增加"，与decrease的用法相同。
4　defend vt.& vi.保卫；防守　vt.辩解
1.[北师必修①－2]Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend 　themselves　（they） or protect others.
2.[外研选必①－6]In addition to blogging， taking photos and writing articles about the reef， he made a number of appearances on television to argue in favour of its 　defence　（defend）.
3.The dam was built to defend the road from 　being washed　（wash） away by the sea.
本题解题时不要一看到介词from就下意识填washing，分析句子结构并结合句意"建这个水坝是为了防止路被海水冲走"可知，应用被动结构be done，介词from后用动词-ing形式。
4.看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。 （读后续写之动作描写）
→①Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed 　to defend his son　 like an arrow. （defend）
→②Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed 　in defence of his son　 like an arrow. （defence）
★defend/protect...from/against... 保护……免受…… defend oneself为自己辩护；自卫 ★defence n.防御，保卫 in defence防御，保卫 in defence of为了保护…… in one’s defence 为某人辩护 ★defensive adj.防御的，戒备的
5　break out（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始；爆发
break out　take place　happen　come about　occur
1.[译林选必②－1]A terrible fire 　broke out　 on Sunday night， leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.
2.How did it 　come about　 that you failed to turn up in time yesterday？
3.[译林必修①－4]The surgery 　took place　 more than a month ago， but Ella Edwards still suffers from daily pain.
4. [北师必修②－5]I am a strong swimmer and very used to swimming in the sea. One day last year， however， something terrible 　happened/occurred　 to me.
break out，take place，happen，come about均可表示"发生"，均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。
break out指火灾、战争、打斗等不愉快事件突然开始，爆发。
take place常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。
happen常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语（可与occur互换），不用于被动语态；还可意为"碰巧，恰好"，通常用人作主语，此时不能用occur代替。
come about多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与how连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。
6　come down患（病）；染上（小病）；降落，落下；崩塌，坍塌；下降，降低
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. to get an illness B. to fall C. to break and fall to the ground D. to get lower
①The wind blew hard and the rain came down in sheets. 　B　
②The ceiling came down with a terrific crash. 　C　
③The price of gas is coming down. 　D　
④I think I’m coming down with flu. 　A　
2.You’re encouraged to imagine the difficulties and challenges you may come 　across　 and how you could overcome them.
3.[人教必修②－4]At night， the stars come 　out　 to tell us that all is well and my village grows quiet.
4.[人教选必②－1]Most great scientists have the ability to see the world in ways that other people do not， and to come up 　with　 new ideas that other people have never thought of.
5.谈到英语学习，我有下面这些实用的建议要分享。 （建议信）
　When it comes to　 English learning， I have the following practical suggestions to share.
★come across（偶然）遇见；偶然发现 come out（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；盛开；出版 come up走到跟前；被提及 come up with提出 when it comes to...当谈及……
7　above all最重要的是；尤其是
1.above all　first of all　after all　all in all
① Actually， it is not easy to get used to a completely new life.　First of all　， she had to learn how to use public transport.
②[译林必修②－2]These types of exercise all play a role in a healthy routine. 　Above all　，choose activities you enjoy because， in this way， you’re more likely to stick with them.
③[人教选必③－2]To reach the goal of change， a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.　After all　， it is not easy to break bad habits.
④[人教选必②－4]　All in all　， their trip from Vancouver to Toronto had taken a duration of four days.
2.我精通英语，非常了解中国的茶文化，最重要的是，我很擅长与他人沟通。 （申请信）
I have a good command of English and know China’s tea culture very well and 　above all， I’m really good at communicating with others　.
★after all毕竟；终究 all in all总而言之，总的说来 first of all首先，第一
8　have＋宾语＋宾补
1.[人教必修②－3]Rather than going out to stores weekly or even daily， more and more people order things from clothes to toys to foods online and have them 　delivered　（deliver） directly to their homes.
2.In cold winter， we always have the fire 　burning　（burn） day and night to keep warm.
3.[外研必修②－5]He’s so cool！We’re going to keep in touch， so I now have someone 　to practise　 （practise） French with！
本题易误填practising。解答本题时不要一看到此处是"have＋宾语＋动词"结构，就下意识填practising。分析句子结构且结合句意可知，have在此句中意为"有"，而不是使役动词的"使"，故此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词someone。类似的表达还有：have a lot of work to do， have no friends to play with（注意不要忽略介词）等。
4.因为每个人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的梦想。
（读后续写之主旨升华）
Since everyone’s time is limited， we’re surely supposed to cherish it and work hard to 　have our dreams realized　.
5.非常抱歉让你等了我这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 （道歉信）
I am terribly sorry for 　having you waiting for me for so long　，because I had an urgent thing to attend to just now.
★have＋宾语＋do sth.：省略to的不定式作宾补，表示"主语使/让宾语干某事"。 ★have＋宾语＋doing：表示"让……一直做某事"，现在分词作宾补，表示持续的动作或状态。 ★have＋宾语＋done：表示"使某事被做/请人做某事/主语遭遇某事"。
前缀de-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的含义。
1.Work in the home is often ignored and devalued. 　降低……的价值，贬低　
2.Some people spread untrue messages or defame others， and such behavior will lead to a bad reputation of the victims. 　诬蔑，诽谤，中伤　
3.Two thirds of the region has been deforested in the past decade， which puts the animals here in danger. 　砍伐树林　
4.He was fined for defacing library books， which made his parents angry. 　损伤……的外观　
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023浙江1月]Thanks 　to　 Beijing’s long history as the capital of China， almost every hutong has its stories， and some are even associated with historic events.
2.[2023浙江1月]Over the past few years， many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels 　into　 a shelter for various kinds of pollinators（传粉昆虫）， resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.
3.[2021天津]More engagement with the arts is linked 　to/with　 a higher level of people’s wellbeing.
4.[2020全国Ⅰ]It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity， however， says Jaclyn Norberg， an 　assistant　（assist） professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem， Mass.
该句中an...（assist） professor... Mass作Jaclyn Norberg的同位语，此处表示助理教授，应用assistant professor。assistant为形容词，意为"助理的，副的"。
5.[浙江高考]Her friends came to help her when the war broke 　out　.
6.[全国Ⅱ]Frank Hurley， a confident and 　gifted　（gift） Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic， was hired to make the images， most of which have never before been published.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. n.拉手；把手 B. v.处理 C. v.操纵
①[2023浙江1月]Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all the details， make suggestions， and then handle the actual reservations. 　B　
②[2022全国甲]The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. 　C　
③[江苏高考]—What happened？ Your boss seems to fly off the handle.
—Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press？ 　A　
handle"把手，拉手"。fly off the handle是固定短语，意为"勃然大怒"。
2.A. 倒出 B. （雨）倾盆而下 C. 不断涌向
①[2022全国甲]He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 　A　
②[2021全国乙]People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. 　C　
③[全国Ⅲ]Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave， it was pouring outside. 　B　
pour sth. into sth.表示"向……投入大量金钱，大量投资于"，是一种更为生动形象的高级表达，写作时可酌情使用。比如：I have poured more time and energy into what I really like since then.
3.A. 改变 B. 挪动 C. 移动
①[2021北京]In pre-Classical Greece， for instance， people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. 　C　
②[2020新高考Ⅰ]It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. 　B　
③[2020江苏]They shifted their viewpoints frequently. 　A　
4.[2023新高考Ⅱ]More recently， as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway， artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers， pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 　adj.未经加工的　
5.[2020天津]"Small does not mean weak， sir，" she defended herself. "I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay（黏土） figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！" 　v.辩解　
6.[天津高考]I liked facts， things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. 　adj.具体的　
7.[江苏高考]People not only cast on-line votes themselves， but also urge others to vote for competitions like the "Most Beautiful Teacher" and the "Cutest Baby". 　v.投票　
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一　基础写作——学习的榜样
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以A role model to learn from为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.榜样的优秀品质；
2.获得的启示。
◎写作要点
1.屠呦呦是我学习的榜样，她是一位杰出的医学科学家。（outstanding）
　A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou，an outstanding scientist in medicine.　
2.她和她的团队即使失败了很多次，也从不气馁。（frustrated）
　She and her team never got frustrated even though they failed many times.　
3.此外，他们甚至在自己身上测试药物以确保其安全性。（besides）
　Besides， they even tested medicine on themselves to make sure of its safety.　
4.多亏了她，感染并死于疟疾的人数在减少。（thanks to，come down，decrease）
　Thanks to her， the number of people who come down with and die from malaria is on the decrease.　
5.屠呦呦是一位如此有天赋且勤奋的科学家，我决心向她学习，并把我的大部分精力都投入到学习中去。（gifted，pour）
　Tu Youyou is such a gifted and hard-working scientist that I am determined to learn from her and pour most of my effort into my study.　
6.最重要的是，我将持续做我喜欢的并且对人类有用的事情。（above all）
　Above all， I’ll keep doing what I like and what is helpful to humans.　
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
A role model to learn from
　A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou， an outstanding scientist in medicine.　
　Of all her excellent qualities， what impresses me most is that she and her team never got frustrated even though they failed many times. Besides， they even tested medicine on themselves to make sure of its safety. Thanks to her， the number of people who come down with and die from malaria is on the decrease.　
　In my eyes， Tu Youyou is such a gifted and hard-working scientist that I am determined to learn from her and pour most of my effort into my study. Above all， I’ll keep doing what I like and what is helpful to humans.　
写作二　读后续写——动作描写之"手部"动作
积累背诵 仿写运用
单 词 wave， throw， point， dig， drag/pull， push， fold， knock， tap， clap/applaud， press， touch， wipe， pat， rub， catch/grab/grasp 抓住， scratch抓挠， tear撕 根据左栏素材完成下列各句 1.当李老师给她颁奖的时候，全班热烈鼓掌。她羞涩地微笑了一下，掌声震耳欲聋。 The class 　clapped warmly　 as Mr Lee presented her with the award. She gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening. 2.她伸出一根手指按在唇上，示意我们安静。 She 　lifted a finger to her lips　， signaling us to be quiet. 3.他提高声音，不耐烦地用手指咚咚地敲着桌子。 Raising his voice， he 　drummed his fingers on the table impatiently　. 4.我想她可能也害怕，所以我伸出手来握住她的手，用另一只手拍她的背。 I thought she might be scared too， so I 　held out my hand　 to hold hers， 　patting her on the back　 with the other. （第二空现在分词作状语） 5.她温柔地将小鸟捧在手心，仔细查看它有没有受伤。 She 　cupped the little bird in her hands gently　 to check carefully whether it was injured. 6.这个女人放开了丈夫的手，她的头垂了下来，嘴唇开始颤抖。他们买不起五张票让所有孩子都去动物园。 The woman 　let go of her husband’s hand　， her head dropped， and her lips began to shake. They couldn’t afford five tickets to take all their children to the zoo.
词 组 1.hold out/reach out one’s hand伸出手 2.hand in hand手拉手 3.with one’s head in one’s hands双手抱头 4.cup ... in one’s hands将……捧在手心 5.raise/put up one’s hand举手 6.spread one’s hands摊开双手 7.lift/hold a warning finger伸出一根手指警告 8.lift/hold a finger to one’s lips伸出一根手指按在唇上 9.drum one’s fingers on sth.用手指咚咚地敲某处 10.shake hands warmly热情地握手 11.let go of one’s hand放开某人的手
佳 句 1.He slid his hands into his pocket， pulled out some change and handed it to me.他把手伸进口袋，掏出一些零钱递给我。 2.He patted me on the head， held my hands gently and told me not to worry.他拍拍我的头，轻轻地握住我的手，告诉我不要担心。 3.His fingers were light on the keys， and they even danced on the keys like a joyful bird. 他的手指轻触琴键，甚至像一只欢快的小鸟一样在琴键上跳舞。
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effort to better understand the area’s environmental health. They’re measuring the growth and development of the penguin population on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula. "We are counting penguin nests to understand how many penguins are in a colony（聚居地）， producing young animals every year， and whether that number is going up or down with the environmental conditions，" said Alex Borowicz， an ecology researcher at New York’s Stony Brook University.
The work is not easy for climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches of Antarctica. But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background.
Michael Wethington， another researcher from Stony Brook， told Reuters the penguin population can represent overall climate conditions and the health of the area’s whole ecosystem.
The researchers say counts of individual penguins can be combined with data from satellite images to get a more complete picture of how the animals are progressing.
Gentoo penguins prefer open water without broken pieces of ice floating around. So when temperatures on the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half of the 20th century， gentoo populations moved south. "Gentoo penguins don’t like sea ice，" David Ainley， a biologist who has been studying penguins for more than 50 years， told Reuters. "They mostly search for food over the continental shelf（大陆架） and don’t go far out to sea."
As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species. This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）. "When we find Adélie penguins， we typically know sea ice is nearby，" Wethington said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing or disappearing， they also see Adélie penguin populations drop sharply.
气候变化一直以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变化的研究。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行观察来研究南极洲的气候变化。
1. Why did the researchers choose penguins as their research subject？
A. Because their colony is in good condition.
B. Because Antarctica has a large population of penguins.
C. Because they are easier to follow and identified than other animals.
D. Because their number changes sharply with the environmental conditions.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第二段中的"But penguins are easier to follow than some other kinds of animals — they nest on land. And their black bodies and waste droppings can also be identified against the area’s white background"可知，研究人员之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨认，故本题选C项。
2. What does the underlined word "picture" in Para. 4 probably mean？
A. Photo. B. Future.
C. Prediction. D. Situation.
解析　D　词义猜测题。结合关键性信息counts of individual penguins，data from satellite images，the animals are progressing以及常识我们不难推知，研究人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的"发展状况"有一个更为全面的了解，那么picture在意义上与situation最为接近，故本题选D项。
3.What can we infer about Adélie penguins from the last paragraph？
A. They feed on ice and bring up their babies on ice too.
B. They compete for food and space with gentoo penguins.
C. They are responsible for the decrease or disappearance of ice.
D. They won’t live in the west of the Antarctic Peninsula in great numbers.
解析　D　推理判断题。由"This is because they depend on sea ice for feeding and reproduction（繁殖）"可知，Adélie penguins对海冰依赖性很强。再由"As sea ice has decreased along the western side of the peninsula， gentoos seem to have got used to the changed conditions. But those same conditions have been worse for the Adélie penguin species"可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量减少，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adélie penguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。
4. Which is the best title for this text？
A. Climate Change Has Put Penguins in Danger
B. Scientists Use Penguins to Study Antarctic Climate Change
C. The Present Living Conditions for Penguins in Antarctica
D. Sea Ice Has Different Influences on Gentoo Penguins and Adélie Penguins
解析　B　标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发现，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明了文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来研究南极洲的气候变化，故B项做文章的标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Personalized medicine changes conventional medicine， which typically offers blanket recommendations and offers treatments designed to help more people than they harm but that might not work for you. The approach recognizes we each possess unique characteristics， and that they have an outsize impact on our health.
Around the world， researchers are creating precision tools unimaginable just a decade ago： superfast DNA sequencing（测序）， tissue engineering， cell reprogramming， gene editing， and more. The science and technology soon will make it possible to predict your risk of cancer， heart disease， and countless other illnesses years before you get sick. The work also offers prospects for changing genes in removing some diseases.
Last spring， researchers at the National Cancer Institute reported the dramatic recovery of a woman with breast cancer， Judy Perkins. The team， led by Steven Rosenberg， an immune（免疫的） treatment pioneer， had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA to analyze the changes in the genetic structure. The team also extracted a sampling of immune cells and tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults. The scientists reproduced the winning immune cells by the billions and put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells. More than two years later， Perkins， a retired engineer from Florida， shows no signs of cancer.
Thirty years ago， scientists thought that it would be impossible to understand our genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billion pairs of different elements in our DNA. "It was like you were talking fairy tales，" Razelle Kurzrock said. "The conventional wisdom was that it would never happen. Never！ And then in 2003， never was over."
It took the Human Genome Project 13 years， roughly one billion dollars， and scientists from six countries to sequence the first draft of the human genome. Today sequencing costs about a thousand dollars. The latest machines can produce the results in a day. The technology， combined with advanced cell analysis， clarifies the astonishing biochemical variations that make every human body unique.
个性化医疗正在改变常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其具体表现。
【词语积累】　personalized adj.为某人特制（或特设）的　prospect n.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景　sampling n.抽样，取样
【熟词生义】　blanket常用义：n.毯子；毛毯　文中义：adj.包括所有情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的
1. What can we know about personalized medicine？
A. It has emerged a decade before.
B. It offers blanket recommendations.
C. It uses genetic information to help patients.
D. It administers treatment intended for most people.
解析　C　细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段的例子可知，个性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，故选C项。
2.Which best describes those precision tools？
A. Promising.
B. Highly risky.
C. Fruitless.
D. Strictly confidential.
解析　A　推理判断题。由第二段中的"The science and technology soon...in removing some diseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。
3.What happened in the process of treating Judy Perkins’ breast cancer？
A. Sequencing her immune cells.
B. Reprogramming her cancer cells.
C. Analysis of her lifestyle changes.
D. Identification of cancer-fighting cells.
解析　D　细节理解题。由第三段中的"The team also...tested them to see which ones recognized her cancer cells’ genetic faults...put them into Perkins to attack her cancer cells"可知，研究人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。
4. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about sequencing？
A. Its recent advances.
B. Its wide applications.
C. Its major disadvantages.
D. Its attractive prospects.
解析　A　段落大意题。由最后一段中今昔情况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[2024河北沧州质量检测]Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventurers in 1912. His travels in the frozen continent brought him worldwide 　1　. In December of that year， Mawson and two other 　2　 left the main base at Commonwealth Bay， 　3　 a 300-mile exploration into the central part of the continent to gather scientific data and samples. 　4　 followed.
One of the men， a young British soldier named Belgrave Ninnis， 　5　 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others， 　6　 with scurvy（坏血病） and other 　7　， struggled to return to camp， keeping living first on the 　8　 dogs， then on starvation food. 　9　， Xavier Mertz， a Swiss mountaineer and skiing champion， died from exhaustion， starvation and possible poisonousness from eating dogs’ livers.
　10　 to return with the research data， Mawson 　11　 the elements for 30 days. Finally he returned to the 　12　 in February of 1913， extremely thin， frost-bitten and exhausted — only to 　13　 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest of the 　14　 by hours. Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted（封爵） in 1914. In addition to his other 　15　 ， Mawson edited and contributed to the 22-volume Reports of Australasian Antarctic Expeditions.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mawson和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
1. A. praise B. trust
C. worry D. criticism
解析　A　由"Mawson was regarded as a survivor hero. For his achievements as an explorer and scientist， he was knighted （封爵） in 1914"可知，Mawson的探险受到了世界的赞誉，故选A。
2. A. celebrities B. explorers
C. athletes D. astronomers
解析　B　由"Mawson was an Australian explorer and scientist who explored the Antarctic with a team of fellow adventures in 1912"可知，本题选B。
3. A. putting off B. showing off
C. kicking off D. letting off
解析　C　此处说的是开始了对南极大陆中部的探索，故选C。
4. A. Wonders B. Bonuses
C. Fortune D. Tragedy
解析　D　由"...　5　 down an open crack on a sledge， along with several of their best dogs and many of the team’s supplies， dead. For several weeks， the two others 　6　 with scurvy（坏血病）..."可知，开始探索之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。
5. A. took B. fell
C. looked D. wandered
解析　B　Belgrave Ninns掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。
6. A. adjusted B. circulated
C. infected D. confused
解析　C　另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。
7. A. cures B. disabilities
C. errors D. illnesses
解析　D　参见上题解析。illness 疾病。
8. A. remaining B. wild
C. fierce D. hunting
解析　A　参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。
9. A. Ultimately B. Nevertheless
C. Temporarily D. Meanwhile
解析　A　此处说的是"最终来自瑞士的Xavier Mertz死于疲劳、饥饿……"，故选A。
10. A. Discouraged B. Relieved
C. Determined D. Frightened
解析　C　Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，故选C。
11. A. combined B. battled
C. contained D. introduced
解析　B　Mawson决心带着研究数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。
12. A. center B. normal
C. base D. campus
解析　C　最后，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且疲惫不堪——但却发现（discover）错过了营救其他成员（crew）的船好几个小时。
13. A. predict B. discover
C. complain D. explain
解析　B　参见上题解析。
14. A. passengers B. witnesses
C. rescuers D. crew
解析　D　参见第12题解析。
15. A. achievements B. references
C. services D. subjects
解析　A　所填词指的是Mawson取得的成就，故选A。
三、语法填空
[科技创新/2023新疆乌鲁木齐一模]Over the past few years， scientists 1　　　　（develop） a new artificial intelligence technology that can detect whether someone is lying through analyzing the muscles in his face.
Patches（贴片） placed on a person’s face detect muscle activity and then the machine learning technology is used. The machine is able 2　　　　（calculate） whether or not the person is telling lies. 3　　　　（invent） by Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv University in Israel， the machine showed an impressive success rate： 73 percent， implying it can catch liars with ease.
How would our facial expressions give 4　　　　 our lies？ According to researchers from the University of British Columbia， Canada， some of the muscles in our faces change "behavior" when we are lying. Liars 5　　　　（usual） raise their eyebrows. They also blink a lot and hold 6　　　　（they） eyes closed longer.
7　　　　（close） the eyes is a way to buy time for the liars so that they can better perfect their stories.
Liars often blush（脸红）. Blood flows into the cheeks as they become nervous about the 8　　　　（true） possibly being revealed.
Liars also have fake smiles.9　　　　 real smile often causes the eyes to light up or become smaller. This is because more muscles are used 10　　　　 we are happy. A fake smile is often accompanied by "dead" eyes instead.
科学家们开发了一种新的人工智能技术，可以通过分析人脸上的肌肉来判断某人是否在说谎。
1.have developed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语scientists与develop之间为主谓关系，故填have developed。
2.to calculate　考查非谓语动词。固定短语be able to do sth.表示"能够做某事"，故填to calculate。
3.Invented　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词。动词invent与the machine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动作已完成，故用过去分词形式Invented。
4.away　考查固定搭配。give away表示"泄露，暴露"。
5.usually　考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故应用副词作状语，所以填usually。
6.their　考查形容词性物主代词。所填词修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词their。
7.Closing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句有系动词is，故is前的部分为主语。此处表示主动关系和一般性行为，故填Closing。
8.truth　考查名词。空处应填名词truth（事实，真相）。
9.A　考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且real的发音以辅音音素开头，故填A。
10.when/if　考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词。再结合句意可知，空处可以用when引导时间状语从句；空处也可以用if引导条件状语从句。