中考英语语法辨析:宾语从句&定语从句&专项练习
一、宾语从句
1.定义:
在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。它是动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。
2.引导词:
(1)由 that 引导(that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略),that 在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。例如:I think (that) he is a good student.(我认为他是个好学生。)
由 if/whether 引导,表示 “是否”。例如:I wonder if/whether he will come.(我想知道他是否会来。)
由连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which 等引导,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例如:I don't know what he is doing.(我不知道他在做什么。)
(3)由连接副词 when/where/why/how 等引导,在从句中作状语。例如:Could you tell me when he will come (你能告诉我他什么时候来吗?)
3.语序:
宾语从句要用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语动词在后。
例如:He asked me where I was from.(他问我来自哪里。)而不是 “He asked me where was I from.”。
4.时态:
(1)当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
例如:I know he is a student.(我知道他是个学生。)/I will tell you what I will do.(我会告诉你我要做什么。)
(2)当主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。例如:He said he was a student.(他说他是个学生。)/She asked if I had finished my homework.(她问我是否完成了作业。)
(3)但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实等,从句要用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.(老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。)
二、定语从句
1.定义:
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
2.引导词:
A.关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose。
(1)that 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。“book” 是先行词,that 在从句中作宾语。)
(2)which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The house which is near the river is mine.(河边的那座房子是我的。“house” 是先行词,which 在从句中作主语。)
(3)who 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:The man who is talking to my father is a teacher.(正在和我父亲谈话的那个人是一位老师。“man” 是先行词,who 在从句中作主语。)
(4)whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。例如:The man whom my father is talking to is a teacher.(我父亲正在和他谈话的那个人是一位老师。“man” 是先行词,whom 在从句中作宾语。)
whose 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作定语。例如:I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.(我认识那个妈妈是老师的女孩。“girl” 是先行词,whose 在从句中作定语修饰 “mother”。)
B.关系副词:when、where、why。
(1)when 表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如:I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。“day” 是先行词,when 在从句中作时间状语。)
(2)where 表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如:This is the place where we had a picnic last week.(这就是我们上周野餐的地方。“place” 是先行词,where 在从句中作地点状语。)
(3)why 表示原因,在从句中作原因状语。例如:I know the reason why he was late.(我知道他迟到的原因。“reason” 是先行词,why 在从句中作原因状语。)
3.语序:
定语从句的语序也是陈述句语序。
4.注意事项:
(1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
例如:The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如:This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.(这是我去过的最美丽的城市。)
宾语从句 & 定语从句专项练习卷
一、单项选择(每题 3 分,共 45 分)
1.I don't know ________ he will come tomorrow.
A. that B. if C. when D. where
2.The teacher told us that the earth ________ around the sun.
A. moves B. moved C. is moving D. will move
3.Can you tell me ________ the meeting will start
A. what B. whether C. when D. where
4.This is the book ________ I bought yesterday.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
5.The man ________ is talking to my father is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
6.I don't like the stories ________ have unhappy endings.
A. that B. who C. whose D. what
7.She asked me ________ I had finished my homework.
A. that B. if C. what D. when
8.Do you know the girl ________ eyes are blue
A. that B. which C. whose D. who
9.The place ________ we visited last week is very beautiful.
A. where B. that C. when D. in which
10.I wonder ________ he is doing now.
A. what B. that C. how D. where
11.The boy ________ I saw in the park yesterday is my classmate.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
12.The news ________ he told me is very exciting.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
13.I don't know the reason ________ he was late for school.
A. why B. that C. when D. where
14.This is the house ________ my grandfather lived many years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. in which
15.She said ________ she would come back the next day.
A. that B. if C. when D. where
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(每题 3 分,共 30 分)
The man ________ you met just now is my uncle.
The book ________ I bought last week is very interesting.
The city ________ I was born is very beautiful.
I still remember the day ________ we met for the first time.
The reason ________ he was late is that he missed the bus.
The girl ________ hair is long is my sister.
The house ________ he lives in is very old.
The movie ________ we saw last night was wonderful.
The man ________ is standing there is my teacher.
The place ________ we went yesterday is a park.
三、将下列句子合并为含有定语从句或宾语从句的复合句(每题 5 分,共 25 分)
The man is my teacher. I saw him in the classroom.
I don't know the girl. She is standing over there.
The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
She asked me. Where is the library
Do you know the time The train leaves.
答案解析
一、单项选择
B。“I don't know” 后接宾语从句,根据句意 “我不知道他明天是否会来”,“是否” 用 if 或 whether,这里选项中只有 if,所以选 B。
A。“地球绕着太阳转” 是客观真理,宾语从句中表示客观真理时用一般现在时,所以选 A。
C。根据句意 “你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗”,问的是时间,所以选 C。
A/B。先行词 “book” 是物,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,所以选 A 或 B。
A/D。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作主语,关系代词可以用 who 或 that,所以选 A 或 D。
A。先行词 “stories” 是物,且在从句中作主语,关系代词用 that,所以选 A。
B。“问是否完成作业”,“是否” 用 if 或 whether,所以选 B。
C。“…… 的眼睛”,表示所属关系,用 whose,所以选 C。
B/A。先行词 “place” 在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,也可以省略,所以选 B 或 A。
A。根据句意 “我想知道他现在在做什么”,问的是 “什么”,所以选 A。
A/C。先行词 “boy” 是人,在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 who 或 that 或 whom,这里选项中只有 A 和 C 符合,所以选 A 或 C。
A/B。先行词 “news” 是物,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,所以选 A 或 B。
A。先行词 “reason” 在从句中作原因状语,关系副词用 why,所以选 A。
C/A/D。先行词 “house” 在从句中作地点状语,关系副词用 where 或用 “介词 + which” 结构 in which,也可以用 that(此时 that 作宾语可省略),所以选 C 或 A 或 D。
A。“She said” 后接宾语从句,“她会第二天回来” 是陈述句,用 that 引导,所以选 A。
二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
who/whom/that。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 who、whom 或 that。
that/which。先行词 “book” 是物,关系代词用 that 或 which。
where。先行词 “city” 在从句中作地点状语,关系副词用 where。
when。先行词 “day” 在从句中作时间状语,关系副词用 when。
why。先行词 “reason” 在从句中作原因状语,关系副词用 why。
whose。“…… 的头发”,表示所属关系,用 whose。
that/which。先行词 “house” 是物,在从句中作宾语,关系代词用 that 或 which。
that/which。先行词 “movie” 是物,关系代词用 that 或 which。
who/that。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作主语,关系代词用 who 或 that。
that/which。先行词 “place” 是物,在从句中作宾语,关系代词用 that 或 which。
三、将下列句子合并为含有定语从句或宾语从句的复合句
The man who/that I saw in the classroom is my teacher.
I don't know the girl who is standing over there.
The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.
She asked me where the library is.
Do you know the time when the train leaves