Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 课外拓展阅读（含答案）2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

2024-2025学年人教版八年级Unit 2 How often do you exercise课外拓展阅读
文章一：基础篇
Dunning-Kruger Effect & Intellectual Humility
You probably think you’re the best at something, but you might be off the mark! Scientists have found that the less you know about something, the more likely you are to think you’re an expert in it. It happens a lot, so it’s important to talk about this strange thing about how our minds work.
That is called the Dunning-Kruger effect, named after two scientists — David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 1990s, they found that people short of skills or abilities were in the dark about their limitations. It can happen in many areas of life. Whether it’s telling jokes, solving problems, or using proper grammar, the pattern is the same: the less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are.
On the other hand, there’s something called intellectual humility. It means you don’t think you’re a big deal and still have things to learn. Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso, an expert in psychology at Pepperdine University, found that people willing to agree they don’t know everything are better at understanding how smart they are.
Why is this information important in our everyday lives A scientist named Tenelle Porter says that knowing about the Dunning-Kruger effect can help us keep a low profile and learn new things. Recent studies show that people with more intellectual humility are better at compromising and exploring new information. So, keep an open mind and accept that there’s more to learn, and you can always pick up a thing or two!
Part1 课文重难点讲解
1. You probably think you’re the best at something, but you might be off the mark!
be off the mark意为“不准确，相去甚远，离题”。
例：No, you are off the mark.不行，你没说到重点。
2. Back in the 1990s, they found that people short of skills or abilities were in the dark about their limitations.
in the dark about sth.意为“对某事全然不知”。
例：Workers were kept in the dark about the plans to sell the company.工人全然不知出售公司的计划。
3. On the other hand, there’s something called intellectual humility.
on the other hand意为“从另一方面来说”。
例：I’d like to eat out, but on the other hand, I hope to save money.我想出去吃饭，但另一方面，我希望省钱。
4. A scientist named Tenelle Porter says that knowing about the Dunning-Kruger effect can help us keep a low profile and learn new things.
a low profile意为“不惹人注目；低姿态”。
例：I advised her to keep a low profile for the next few days.我建议她在接下来的几天里保持低调。
5. So, keep an open mind and accept that there’s more to learn, and you can always pick up a thing or two!
pick up意为“得到，听到，学会”。
例：Where did you pick up your English 你在哪儿学的英语？
Part2 课文配套练习
一、根据文章内容回答下列问题。
1.What is the Dunning-Kruger effect named after
_______________________________________
2.What is the pattern like
_______________________________________
3.What is the writer’s suggestion at the end of the passage
_______________________________________
4.This paragraph talks about the __________ of the Dunning-Kruger effect.
二、根据文章内容完成短文
You might think you’re good at something, but you could be wrong! Scientists have found that the less you know about something, the more likely you are to think you’re a(n) (1)___________. This strange thing about how our (2)___________ work is the Dunning-Kruger effect.
On the other hand, being willing to agree that you don’t know (3)___________ and still have things to learn is called intellectual humility. People with intellectual humility are better at (4)_____________ how smart they are. Knowing about the Dunning-Kruger effect can help us keep a low profile and learn new things.
三、选词填空。
likely, limit, explore, over-confident
1. This technique is useful but it has its ____________.
2. Tickets are ____________ to be expensive.
3. The city is best ____________ on foot.
4. He’s a good driver, although he is a little ____________.
四、翻译句子。
1.你越不准时睡觉，早上就越累。(the less ... the more ...)
_______________________________________
2. 在你听到所有事实之前，试着保持开放的心态。(keep an open mind)
_______________________________________
参考答案
一、Two scientists — David Dunning and Justin Kruger.
The less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are.
Keep an open mind and accept that there’s more to learn.
importance
二、expert (in it)；minds；everything；understanding
三、limitations；likely ；explored over-confident
四、The less you go to bed on time, the more tired you’ll feel in the morning.
Try to keep an open mind until you’ve heard all the facts.
文章二：拔高篇
Seeing Hope in a Six-Legged “Guide Dog”
Look at this robot in the picture. What do you think it is for
Scientists in China have developed the special robot to help visually impaired people. It has six legs and can act as a “guide dog” for people who can’t see.
In China, there are over 17 million visually impaired people, but there are only about 400 real guide dogs to help them. It is very hard and expensive to train guide dogs, so most visually impaired people don’t have one.
The new robot can help solve the problem. It can do many things. For example, it can know what the person is saying and act quickly; it can avoid obstacles and find the right way to go. What’s more, the robot can be used as a helper in the home and call for help if needed.
To make the robot work well, the scientists gave it many senses. It can see, hear, speak and feel. In this way, the robot can know what the person wants to do and work together with him. The robot’s six legs also make it more stable than other robot dogs with just four legs.
Li Fei, a visually impaired woman, tried out the robot during a test. She said that when it guided her, she could walk straighter than she did on her own. The developers have already gotten orders for 20 of the robots. Soon they could be helping many visually impaired people in China.
Part1 课文重难点讲解
1.It has six legs and can act as a “guide dog” for people who can’t see.
act as 意为“起到某种作用或功能”。
例：His encouragement acted as a light of hope for me in those hard times.在那些困难时期，他的鼓励给我带来了希望之光。
2. … it can avoid obstacles and find the right way to go.
avoid意为“避免撞到（某物）”。此外它还有“避免；防止；回避；避开”的意思，常用搭配为avoid doing sth.
例：She decided to avoid taking the crowded bus and walked home instead.她决定不乘坐拥挤的公交车，而是步行回了家。
3. Li Fei, a visually impaired woman, tried out the robot during a test.
try out意为“测试；试验”。
例：Before buying a car, he wanted to try out a few different models. 他想在买车前测试几个不同的车型。
4. She said that when it guided her, she could walk straighter than she did on her own.
on one’s own意为“某人独自/单独地”。
例：He moved out of his parent’s house and started living on his own. 他从父母家搬了出来，开始独自生活。
Part2 课文配套练习
一、根据课文内容完成表格。
A new robot
What It’s a robot “guide dog” with (1)_______ legs.
Why Guide dogs are (2)_________________ to train, so there’re not enough of them.
How ★It can know what the person is saying and (3)___________. ★It can avoid obstacles and find the right way to go. ★It can act as a helper and (4)___________ if needed. All in all, it can know what the person wants to do and work together with him.
二、选词填空。
develop, train, guide, avoid
The company plans ____________ a new product next year.
To stay healthy, it’s important ___________ eating too much junk food.
The coach ________ the soccer team every afternoon to improve their skills.
Yesterday, Mrs. Lee ________ me through the steps of solving a difficult math problem.
三、翻译句子。
1.这名作家希望自己在两种文化之间能起到桥梁的作用。(act as)
_________________________________________________
2. 他想在确定新造型之前尝试不同的发型。(try out)
_________________________________________________
参考答案
一、six；hard and expensive；act quickly；call for help
二、 to develop； to avoid； trains； guided
三、The writer hopes to act as a bridge between the two cultures.
He wants to try out different hairstyles before deciding on a new look.