(共30张PPT)
Unit3
Fit for life
Vocabulary
29. withdraw v. (withdrew, withdrawn)脱离(社会),不与人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供;提,取
withdrawal n. 撤回;退出;取款;戒毒期;孤僻
withdraw into oneself 脱离(社会),不与人交往
withdraw from 从……退出/离开 withdraw troops 收兵,撤军
withdraw money 取钱 withdraw cash 取现;取钱
比较:withdraw/retreat/retire
withdraw 侧重因某种原因而有意离开,常含礼貌、谦恭之意。也指军队撤退。
retreat 含消极意味,多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。
retire 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所,也指被免除职务或主动辞职、退役等。
30. equip vt. 配备;使有能力 ( equipped, equipped, equipping)
equipment n. 设备,装备;器材
equip… with… 给某物配备…/用…物装备…
be equipped with 配备……
equip sb. for 使某人胜任…… be equipped for 为……准备好
be well equipped 装备完好,装备精良
a piece of equipment 一件设备 two pieces of equipment 两件设备
camping / office / medical / necessary equipment 露营/办公/医疗/必要的装备
The government spent a lot of money equipping the school with new computers.
Equipped with necessary skills, the workers were confident.
31. artificial adj. 人工的,人造的;人为的;虚假的
artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
artificial light / flowers / limbs 人造光/假花/假肢,义肢
the artificial scenery spots 人工景点
比较:artificial/fake/false
artificial 用于模拟自然界。
fake用于欺骗。 fake news 假新闻 a fake passport 假护照
a fake American accent 伪装的美国口音
false 修饰牙齿、睫毛、胡须等。 false teeth假牙
32. outgoing adj. 外向的
an outgoing personality 外向的性格
outgoing or shy 外向还是腼腆
an outgoing and active person 外向活泼的人
outgoing nature 开朗的天性
33. grateful adj. 感激的,表示感谢的
gratitude n. 感激
be grateful for 对……心存感激
be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人
be grateful to do sth. 因做某事而感激
be grateful that... 感激…….
I would be grateful if you could/would...
= I would appreciate it if you could/would...
如果你能……我将不胜感激。(用于提出请求)
I am grateful to all the teachers for their help.
34. disabled adj. 有残疾的,丧失能力的
disability n. 缺陷,障碍
disabled people = the disabled = people with disabilities 残疾人/残障人士
be born disabled 天生残疾 severely disabled 严重伤残的
a physical/mental disability 生理缺陷/心理障碍
a learning/reading disability 学习/阅读障碍
cope with disability 应对残疾
live with a disability 适应残疾
35. conventional adj. 传统的,习惯的;依照惯例的,遵循习俗的
convention n. 大会;惯例
by convention 按照惯例
conventional methods / behaviour / industries / weapons / forces
传统方法/循规蹈矩的行为/传统产业/[军]常规武器/常规部队
hold a convention 召开大会
36. sensory adj. 感觉的,感官的
sense n. 感觉,意识 v. 感觉到,意识到
sensory organs 感觉器官
a sense of duty / humour 责任感/幽默感
make sense of 弄明白(后跟宾语)
make no sense 毫无意义
There is no sense / point in doing sth. 做某事毫无道理/意义。
37. patent n. 专利,专利证书
adj. 有专利的,受专利保护的
take out a patent on 为……申请专利
apply for / obtain a patent on an invention 申请/获得发明专利
patent application / protection 专利申请书/专利保护
be protected by patent 受专利保护
38. fuel vt. 增加,刺激;给……提供燃料
n. 燃料
fuel nuclear plants 给核电厂提供燃料
fuel fears 引起恐惧
the fuel shortage 燃料短缺
nuclear fuels 核燃料
Add fuel to the fire / flames 火上浇油
Research suggests that warm colors fuel our appetites.
探究表明暖色调可以刺激我们的食欲。
39. disturb vt. 使不安;打扰;搅乱
disturbed adj. 烦恼的
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的;令人不安的
disturbance n. 骚乱;干扰,妨碍
disturb public order 扰乱公共秩序 don’t disturb 请勿打扰;不要打扰
disturb sb. 打扰某人 be disturbed by/about/at/that... 对…感到忧虑/不安
be seriously/deeply/greatly disturbed 非常烦恼
a disturbing piece of news 一则令人不安的消息
比较:disturb/annoy/bother
disturb打扰,扰乱,指使正常秩序或一时的安定受到破坏,精力一时不能集中。
annoy打扰,骚扰,指外界的干扰令人无法忍受,或指某人故意去妨碍别人。
bother打扰,麻烦,指给人行动带来不便或身心上带来痛苦。
40. tackle vt. 应付,处理,解决;与……交涉
近义词 “处理;对付” :
do with/deal with/solve/work out
tackle sth. on one's own 独立应付某事
tackle the problem urgently 抓紧处理该问题
tackle sb. (about sth.)
(就某事)与某人交涉;向某人提起(问题或困难情况)
41. go to great lengths to do sth.
= spare no effort to do sth.
竭尽全力做某事,不遗余力做某事
The government goes to great lengths to reduce pollution.
42. adjust v. 调整,调节;适应,习惯;整理
adjustment n. 调整;调节
adjustable adj. 可调整的,可调节的
adjust to 适应…… adjust to doing sth. 习惯做某事
adjust oneself to 使自己适应
make adjustments 作出调整
在日常英语中,表达“适应”时,人们一般说get used to,而不说adjust(to)。同样,表示调节温度、音量等时一般说 turn up(调高)或turn down(调低),而不说adjust。
You will quickly adjust yourself to school life. 你很快就可以适应学校生活。
After a while, his eyes adjusted to the dark. 过了一会,他的眼睛就习惯了黑暗。
43. evidence n. 证据,证明;物证,人证 vt.证明,表明
evident adj. 显而易见的,显然的
evidently adv. 显然地,明显地;据说
look/search for evidence 寻找证据
find/gather/collect/hide evidence 找到/收集/隐藏证据
clear/strong evidence 明显的/充分的证据
一项证据:
a piece of evidence (√) an evidence(x)
It is evident that... = Evidently... 很明显……
There is (some) evidence that... 有(一些)证据表明……
(that引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容)
44. date back to 追溯到,始于,自……至今 ( = date from)
date v. 注明日期;确定年代;过时;使显老 n. 日期;约会
date from, date back to常用于一般现在时,没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词形式作定语或状语。
date from/date back to + 表示具体时间的名词
a law dating from the 17th century 自17世纪起沿用至今的一条法律
What's the date today 今天几号?
set/fix a date for... 确定……的日期
up to date 现代的,最新的,时髦的
out of date 过时的;过期的
have a date with sb. 与某人有约会
45. solid adj. 实心的;固体的;结实的;纯色的;坚硬的;立体的,
立方的 n. 固体;立体图形
solidarity n. 团结
liquid adj. 液体的,液态的;易变为现金的;清澈的;清脆的
n. 液体
gas n. 气体;汽油;毒气 v. 加油
have no solid evidence 没有确凿的证据
46. switch v. 转变;交换;调班
n. 开关,闸;转变,改变
switch ... for ... 把……换成…… switch ... with... 与……交换……
switch/ change/ shift from… to… 从…到…转变
switch on/off the light 开灯/关灯
a light switch 电灯开关
a/the switch to 向……的转变
She can switch easily from Chinese to English.
她可以自如切换中英文。
47. clinic n. 私人诊所;门诊部;门诊时间
pay a visit to the acupuncture clinic 去针灸诊所
at the clinic (= at the doctor's) 在诊所
a dental / fever clinic 牙科诊所/发烧门诊
48. examine vt. 检查,检验;审查,调查;考,测试;审问
examination n. 考试;检查
examine a patient 对病人进行检查
college entrance examination 高考;大学入学考试
physical examination 体格检查
take an examination 参加考试
a written examination 笔试
比较:examine/inspect/check
examine 经常用来指“体检”。
inspect 强调上级对下级的“视察”。
check多指“核查,核对”。
49. tongue n. 舌头;语言 v. 吹奏乐器;舔
mother tongue 母语
sharp-tongued 说话刻薄的
50. organ n. 器官;风琴;机构;机关
organic adj. 有机的;生物的;器官的;自然的;系统的
organic vegetables 有机蔬菜
51. severe adj. 十分严重的,极为恶劣的;严厉的;艰难的;过于简朴的
( severer – severest )
severely adv. 严格地;严重地;严厉地;严肃地
severity n. 严格;严重;严谨;严厉的对待
the severity of the problem 问题的严重性
be severely affected by 深受......影响
a severe winter 严冬
severe disease/ weather/ punishment/ test
严重的疾病/ 恶劣的天气/ 严厉的惩罚/ 艰难的考验
52. anxiety n. 焦虑;担心;渴望
anxious adj. 焦虑的,担心的;渴望的
anxiously adv. 焦虑地;急切地
reduce pain and anxiety 减轻痛苦和忧虑
one’s anxiety for sth. 某人对某物的渴望 the anxiety to do sth. 做某事的渴望
be anxious about 为……担心
be anxious for sth. 渴望某物 be anxious (for sb.) to do sth. 渴望(某人)做某事
be anxious that... 渴望……. 从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”
表示“渴望”的其他短语:
long for/to do sth. a desire for/to do sth.
be dying/eager for/to do sth. be hungry/thirsty for sth. = thirst for sth.
53. abuse vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂 n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
abuse sb. 谩骂/虐待某人
abuse alcohol/ drugs 酗酒/ 嗜毒 drug abuse 药物滥用;毒品滥用
abuse one's power 滥用职权
abuse one’s position as + 职位/身份 滥用某人的职权/身份
be physically and emotionally abused 身心都受到了摧残
abuse of power 滥用职权
54. alcohol n. 酒精,酒
alcoholic adj. 酒精的 n. 酗酒者,酒鬼
alcoholic drinks 酒精饮料
55. phenomenon n. 现象 - phenomena (pl.)
56. symbol n. 象征;符号,代号
symbolic adj. 象征的,作为象征的
a cultural/political symbol 文化/政治象征
the chemical symbol 化学符号
a/the symbol of ... ......的象征 a/the symbol for ... .......的符号
比较:symbol/sign/mark/signal
symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
sign指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志,也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。
mark指在其他事物上留下的印痕或先天固有的标记。
signal指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。
57. widespread adj. 分布广的,普遍的,广泛的
widespread use 广泛使用
spread v. 展开;散开;张开,伸开;传播,流传;扩散,蔓延;涂,敷;分摊 (spread,spread,spread)
n. 传播;散布;扩展,蔓延;广泛;区域,范围;酱
58. infection n. 传染,感染
infect v. 传染; 使感染
infectious adj. 传染的
have/get/develop an infection 受感染
suffer from an infection 患上传染病
treat an infection 治疗感染
fight an infection 抵御传染
spread an infection 传播传染病
he source of an infection 传染源
be infected with 感染上……
an infectious disease 传染病
59. department n. (医院的)科,部门,局,系
departmental adj. 部门的
the sales department 销售部
a government department 政府部门
the English department 英语系
be sb.'s department 某人的职责范围(或知识范围)
a departmental meeting 部门会议
Thanks!