2024-2025学年八年级英语上册模块单词词汇语法题型知识点练习-Module 3 Sports 模块话题中考题型组合练（外研版）（含解析）

Module 3 Sports
模块话题中考题型组合练
一、短文填空
（23-24八年级上·福建泉州·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Soccer is the world’s most popular sport. People in many countries play it. Every four years, people hold 1 international game, the World Cup.
A soccer field is rectangular with a gate on each end. Two teams compete against each other. The purpose of the game is to put the ball into the other’s gate. Each team can get a point when it 2 (score) a goal. The team wins the game when it gets the most 3 (goal).
There 4 (be) 11 players on each team. Forwards (前锋) play the most important part in 5 (get) goals. Halfbacks (中卫) help to score goals and try to keep the other team’s ball away from the gate. Fullbacks play at the back of the court to make 6 (they) gate safe. They try to prevent the other team from getting close enough to score. Each team is to stop the other team 7 scoring by kicking the ball away or catching it before it goes into the gate. Goalkeepers may catch or throw the ball, 8 other teammates mustn’t use their hands. They may use their feet, legs, chest, or head to move the ball.
Soccer is a team sport. Scoring a goal is 9 (excite). Running on a soccer field 10 (make) us not only in good health, but also it helps to learn team spirit. We also learn the skills when we play.
（22-23八年级上·湖南岳阳·期中）阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you like running Running is getting one of the most popular 11 (activity) these days. Many of us run for our 12 (healthy). Doctors say many of the health problems come 13 bad habits, such as eating too much, drinking too much, smoking, 14 (stay) up late and not having enough exercise. Doctors tell us, “Eat less, don’t smoke, have enough sleep and exercise more.” Running is a good way of exercising because it 15 (help) us to have a strong body. It also helps many people lose weight(减肥). A 25-year-old woman teacher runs in the morning, five 16 a week. She runs to lose weight. “I feel comfortable and I’m not fat now.” she says. Running is good 17 health in other ways, too.
Running can also help people become(变得) active. “After school, I like to run for ten minutes. Then I feel 18 (relax) and comfortable,” says Yang Min, a middle school student. So today many people enjoy 19
(run). Do you want 20 (keep) healthy Come on! Let’s join in the running!
二、阅读理解
（23-24八年级上·福建福州·期中）Do you know there is an event that happens every four years Players from all over the world get together. They compete in their sports. They try to win prizes. That special event is call the Summer Olympic Games. Many sports are a part of them, such as swimming, running, playing soccer and so on.
How did the Olympics start Nearly 3, 000 years ago in Ancient Greece, people got together every four years. They raced and boxed. They competed to see who could throw a spear the farthest. There were other events, the Greeks stopped having the games. For a long time, there were no games. Then in 1896, the modern Olympics began.The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens. Athens is the capital of Greece. Since 1900, the games have been held every four years. The games have only been cancelled three times—in 1916, 1940 and 1944. In those years, the games could not be held because of World War I and World War Ⅱ.
Where are the Olympics held Each one is held in a different city. Cities that want to hold the Olympics apply (申请) to have the games. They apply to a special group of people. This group is called the International Olympic Committee. It decides which city will get the games. The Games have been held all over the world. In 2024, the Games will be held in Paris, millions of people will be watching them.
21．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 1 refer to (指代)
A．The prizes.
B．The players in the Olympics.
C．The Summer Olympic Games.
D．The players all over the world.
22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．There are two sports in the Olympic Games mentioned.
B．The Olympic Games are held in developed countries.
C．Every city has a chance to hold the Olympic Games.
D．Cities that want to hold the Olympics compete to have the games.
23．If our city wants to hold the Summer Olympic Games, we should apply to ________.
A．the local government
B．the players all over the world
C．the leader of our city
D．the International Olympic Committee
24．Match the time with the information and choose the right answer. ________
①Nearly 3, 000 years ago ②In 1896 ③In 1944 ④In 2024
a. The Olympic Games will be held in Paris.
b. The Olympic Games were cancelled because of the war.
c. The Olympic Games were held in Athens.
d. People in Ancient Greece raced and boxed.
A．①﹣c ②﹣d ③﹣b ④﹣a B．①﹣d ②﹣c ③﹣b ④﹣a
C．①﹣b ②﹣c ③﹣d ④﹣a D．①﹣d ②﹣a ③﹣c ④﹣b
25．What is the text mainly about
A．The rules of the Summer Olympics.
B．The players of the Summer Olympics.
C．The influence of the Summer Olympics.
D．The introduction of the Summer Olympics.
（23-24八年级上·广东深圳·期中）In the past, bicycles have long been a kind of transport (交通工具) in China. However, now more and more people take cycling (骑自行车运动) as a kind of sports and enjoy it.
In recent years, cycling has become a hot topic. Riders share their favourite ways and health advice about cycling on some popular apps like Xiaohongshu or Sina Weibo. On Xiaohongshu, there are more than 2.5 million posts (帖子) about cycling. Besides, on Weibo, the topic about cycling has been discussed more than 700 million times. It is true that cycling activities are welcomed. A bicycle company says the sales in one of its stores rose 20% to 30% in 2020, compared to the same time a year earlier. According to the Chinese Cycling Association, at least 20 million people have joined in the sport.
People prefer cycling because more and more people care about their health. In addition, their need for outdoor exercise becomes much stronger. For people who have start cycling, the sport seems to provide a good way to run away from the busy city life. People feel that they become part of the nature. Though the sport cycling sometimes costs a lot, many cyclists think spending money on their own bodies is more valuable than on other things.
More people take part in cycling as cities in China are also planning to build more cycle- only lanes (车道).
Several years ago, Beijing started building the city’s first cycle- only lane. Since the opening of it, the lane has seen larger daily traffic. Such lanes are also being built in some other cities.
26．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A．People used to ride a bicycle to work.
B．Cycling is a kind of transportation.
C．People like cycling as a means of sports.
D．Cycling is popular on Xiaohongshu.
27．Why does the author mention “a bicycle company” in the passage
A．To show that bicycles are good for health.
B．To show that cycling is very welcomed.
C．To tell us it makes lots of money.
D．To tell us people care about their health.
28．Which is NOT the reason why people prefer cycling
A．Because people worry about their health.
B．Because people need more outdoor exercise.
C．Because cycling helps people stay in city life.
D．Because cycling makes people become part of nature.
29．In the last paragraph, what does “it” mean
A．The city, Beijing. B．Beijing’s first cycle- only lane.
C．Cycling as transport. D．Daily traffic.
30．What is the purpose of this passage
A．It introduces the best way of exercise.
B．It introduces cycling is becoming popular.
C．It advises people to start cycling.
D．It advises cities to build more lanes.
三、完形填空
（23-24八年级上·云南昭通·期中）How often should we exercise Five days a week Four days a week Is two days a week 31 Luckily, the answer 32 the question is not difficult to find.
We asked Shawn Arent, a doctor, about this question. He said that people should 33 every day. It
really does great help to our 34 and health.
Shawn 35 told us something more interesting. “There is a big 36 between exercising two days a week and three days a week,” Shawn said. “With three days a week, your body gets enough exercise and you want to do 37 activities to be healthier. However, with two 38 a week, you don’t get much change. You just don’t do it often enough, so you can’t fully (完全地) 39 the fun of exercising.”
“For children and old people, it’s a good start to exercise two days a week 40 . But I still want them to exercise more after some time. Three to four days a week will be wonderful for them.”
31．A．boring B．enough C．full D．busy
32．A．for B．in C．at D．to
33．A．play B．point C．exercise D．work
34．A．result B．study C．message D．body
35．A．also B．too C．and D．but
36．A．mind B．difference C．activity D．event
37．A．much B．more C．little D．few
38．A．days B．hours C．weeks D．months
39．A．die B．decide C．enjoy D．finish
40．A．at first B．in the future C．day and night D．all the time
四、选词填空
（23-24八年级上·广西南宁·期中）根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在答题 卡对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。
road September easier big everyone win of cheered hard grades
The year 2023 is a big year for sports in China. The 19th Asian Games Hangzhou was held in Hangzhou from 41 23 to October 8, 2023. “It has been a wonderful experience, and Hangzhou welcomes 42 to visit.” said Yasodara from Sri Lanka.
To get ready for the big sports show, China worked 43 . The government built plenty 44 stadiums. At the same time, more 45 and subways were built. So the traffic became 46 and better. People in Hangzhou welcomed the players from all Asia, and 47 for them happily.
There’re three mascots (吉祥物)—Chenchen, Congcong and Lianlian. Together, they stood for the Olympic
spirit, peace and friendship. In the Asian Games, Chinese teams got good 48 . They 49 383 medals (奖牌).
Hangzhou Asian Games has become the 50 and the largest Asian Games ever. It is not only a sports meeting, but also an important window for the world to know Hangzhou and Chinese culture.
五、任务型阅读
（23-24八年级上·辽宁大连·期中）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答问题。
Fun in the run
The marathon （马拉松） is very popular all over the world. In China, for the first six months of this year, there were 133 marathons across the country.
Teenagers also join marathons. Xu Qian, a 15-year-old boy from Suqian, Jiangsu, loves running. He got first place in the 5-kilometer Happy Run of the Suqian Marathon held on April 2. For Xu, the race meant months of training and preparation. He runs about 30 to 40 kilometers in local stadiums each week before the run.
“Unlike the 800-meter run at school, a marathon is about a runner’s endurance（耐力） and psychological quality （心理素质）,” he said.
When he felt tired during the race, he told himself not to give up（放弃）. “In long-distance running, the only opponent （对手） you have to beat is yourself,” Xu added.
Except for one’s willpower （意志力）, kindness from the people around also plays a big part in helping runners get to the finish line. Li Zhouzi from Shanxi joined a 3-kilometer Kid Run of the Berlin Marathon in Germany in 2019 when she was 10. The support from the people cheering along the course really encouraged her.
“When things were hard, people around cheered me on. Even if it was just the words, ‘keep it up’, it meant a lot to me and I was encouraged to keep going to the end,” Li said.
She believes that running a marathon is about staying focused （专注的） on the final goal, not the suffering （痛苦） along the way. “Our life is also a marathon,” Li said.
51．How many marathons were there in the first six months of this year in China
52．How long does Xu Qian run each week to get ready for the race
53．According to Xu Qian, who do you have to beat in long-distance running
54．What does Li Zhouzi think is a great help in her running
55．What can you learn from the passage
六、书面表达
56．（23-24八年级上·北京顺义·期中）随着“全民运动”意识深入人心，越来越多的人开始日常锻炼。某报纸海外版正在开展以“Sports”为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇征文，谈谈你对运动的认识，分享你经常参加的运动，以及运动给你带来的收获。
提示词语：do sports, important, basketball, table tennis, jogging, happiness, stronger
提示问题：
1. What sports do you usually do
2. What can you get from doing sports
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案 C C D B D C B C B B
题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
答案 B D C D A B B A C A
1．an 2．scores 3．goals 4．are 5．getting 6．their 7．from 8．but 9．exciting 10．makes
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了足球运动的相关事项，如球场、规则等。
1．句意：人们每四年都会举办一场国际足球比赛，世界杯。根据上下文语境，international game是可数名词，且第一次出现，应使用不定冠词修饰。international是以元音音素开头的单词，所以应使用an。故填an。
2．句意：每支球队进球后都可以得到一分。本文的时态是一般现在时，主语it是单数，所以填动词score的第三人称单数scores，score a goal“进球”。故填scores。
3．句意：赢得最多进球的队伍获胜。根据句意和所给单词可知，应填名词goal“进球”的复数goals。故填goals。
4．句意：每个队有11名队员。本文的时态是一般现在时，根据“11 players”可知，应填be动词的复数are。故填are。
5．句意：前锋在进球中起着最重要的作用。根据空前的介词“in”可知，应填动词get的动名词getting。故填getting。
6．句意：后卫在球场后方，以确保他们的球门安全。根据句意和句子结构及所给单词可知，应填they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，修饰名词gate。故填their。
7．句意：每支队伍都会通过将球踢远或是在进球门之前抓住它来防止对方球队进球。stop sb. from doing“阻止某人做某事”。故填from。
8．句意：守门员可以抓球或抛球，但是其他队员不能使用手。根据“Goalkeepers may catch or throw the ball”和“other teammates mustn’t use their hands”可知，两句之间是转折关系，应使用转折连词but。故填but。
9．句意：进球是非常激动人心的。根据句意和所给单词可知，此空意为“激动人心的”，所以应填动词excite的形容词exciting“激动人心的”。故填exciting。
10．句意：在足球场上奔跑不仅让我们身体健康，还有助于学习团队精神。本文的时态是一般现在时，主语Running on a soccer field是单数，所以填动词make的第三人称单数makes。故填makes。
11．activities 12．health 13．from 14．staying 15．helps 16．times 17．for 18．relaxed 19．running 20．to keep
【导语】本文讲述了跑步正在成为当今最受欢迎的活动之一，每天跑步的人要比不跑步的人健康一点。
11．句意：跑步是目前最受欢迎的活动之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”，固定用法。因此此处用名词复数。故填activities。
12．句意：我们许多人为了健康而跑步。our是形容词性物主代词，其后跟名词。因此此处填名词health，意为“健康”。故填health。
13．句意：医生说，许多健康问题来自不良习惯，如吃得太多，喝得太多，吸烟，熬夜和缺乏锻炼。come from意为“来自”，固定词组。故填from。
14．句意：医生说，许多健康问题来自不良习惯，如吃得太多，喝得太多，吸烟，熬夜和缺乏锻炼。根据“eating too much, drinking too much, smoking”可知，此处表示并列，因此用动词ing形式。故填staying。
15．句意：跑步是一种很好的锻炼方式，因为它有助于我们拥有强壮的身体。it作主语，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词用三单helps。故填helps。
16．句意：一名25岁的女教师每周五次晨跑。根据“five…a week.”可知，此处指的是“一周五次”，times意为“次数”，此处用可数名词复数形式。故填times。
17．句意：跑步在其他方面也对健康有益。be good for意为“对……有好处”，固定词组。故填for。
18．句意：“然后我感到放松和舒适，”中学生杨民说。根据“I feel…”可知，空处用形容词作表语，此处修饰人，应该用relaxed，意为“放松的”。故填relaxed。
19．句意：所以今天许多人喜欢跑步。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，固定词组。故填running。
20．句意：你想保持健康吗？want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，固定词组。故填to keep。
21．C 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了夏季奥运会的起源、历史和举办地等信息。
21．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Many sports are a part of them, such as swimming, running, playing soccer and so on.”可知，them指代的是前文提到的The Summer Olympic Games。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Where are the Olympics held Each one is held in a different city. Cities that want to hold the Olympics apply (申请) to have the games.”可知，每个城市都有机会举办奥运会。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They apply to a special group of people. This group is called the International Olympic Committee.”可知，想要举办奥运会的城市需要向国际奥委会申请，故选D。
24．细节理解题。根据“Nearly 3, 000 years ago in Ancient Greece, people got together every four years. They raced and boxed.”可知近3000年前的古希腊，人们每四年聚会一次。他们比赛、拳击，①Nearly 3, 000 years ago对应d. People in Ancient Greece raced and boxed.；“Then in 1896, the modern Olympics began.The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens.”可知1896年，现代奥运会开始了。第一届现代奥运会在雅典举行，②In 1896对应c. The Olympic Games were held in Athens.；“The games have only been cancelled three times—in 1916, 1940 and 1944. In those years, the games could not be held because of World War I and World War Ⅱ.”可知奥运会只被取消过三次——1916年、1940年和1944年。当年，由于第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战，奥运会无法举办，③In 1944对应b. The Olympic Games were cancelled because of the war.；“In 2024, the Games will be held in Paris, millions of people will be watching them.”可知2024年，奥运会将在巴黎举行，数百万人将观看，④In 2024对应a. The Olympic Games will be held in Paris.。故选B。
25．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了夏季奥运会的起源、历史和举办地等信息。故选D。
26．C 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了随着越来越多的人关心自己的健康，他们对户外运动的需求也越来越强烈，人们开始骑自行车，骑自行车变得越来越受欢迎。
26．主旨大意题。根据“In the past, bicycles have long been a kind of transport (交通工具) in
China. However, now more and more people take cycling (骑自行车运动) as a kind of sports and enjoy it.”可知，本段讲述了人们喜欢骑自行车作为一种运动方式。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据“A bicycle company says the sales in one of its stores rose 20% to 30% in 2020, compared to the same time a year earlier.”可知，作者在文章中提到“一家自行车公司”是为了表明骑自行车很受欢迎。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“People prefer cycling because more and more people care about their health. In addition, their need for outdoor exercise becomes much stronger. For people who have start cycling, the sport seems to provide a good way to run away from the busy city life. People feel that they become part of the nature.”可知，因为人们担心自己的健康、人们需要更多的户外运动以及骑自行车使人成为自然的一部分，选项C“因为骑自行车有助于人们融入城市生活。”文章并没有提到。故选C。
29．词句猜测题。根据“Several years ago, Beijing started building the city’s first cycle- only lane. Since the opening of it, the lane has seen larger daily traffic.”可知，下划线单词it指的是北京首条自行车专用道。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了随着越来越多的人关心自己的健康，他们对户外运动的需求也越来越强烈，人们开始骑自行车，骑自行车变得越来越受欢迎。选项B“它介绍了骑自行车正在变得流行。”符合题意。故选B。
31．B 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．A 36．B 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了我们一周应该锻炼几次。
31．句意：一周两天够吗？
boring无聊的；enough足够；full满的；busy忙的。根据“Is two days a week”可知是询问一周两天足够吗。故选B。
32．句意：幸运的是，这个问题的答案并不难找到。
for为了；in在里面；at在；to到。the answer to the question“问题的答案”。故选D。
33．句意：他说人们应该每天锻炼。
play玩；point指；exercise锻炼；work工作。根据“He said that people should...every day”以及文章内容可知每天都应该锻炼。故选C。
34．句意：它确实对我们的身体和健康有很大帮助。
result结果；study学习；message信息；body身体。根据“and health”可知锻炼对身体有好处。故选D。
35．句意：肖恩还告诉我们一些更有趣的事情。
also也，常放句中；too也，放肯定句句尾；and和；but但是。根据“told us...”可知是也告诉我们，句中用also。故选A。
36．句意：一周锻炼两天和一周锻炼三天有很大的区别。
mind思想；difference不同；activity活动；event事件。根据“between exercising two days a week and three days a week”可知一周锻炼两天和一周锻炼三天之间有一个区别。故选B。
37．句意：一周三天，你的身体得到了足够的锻炼，你想做更多的活动来变得更健康。
much很多，修饰不可数名词；more更多；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数。根据“want to do...activities to be healthier”可知是想要做更多活动变得更健康，用比较级more。故选B。
38．句意：然而，一周两天，你没有得到太多改变。
days天；hours小时；weeks周；months月。根据“two...a week”可知是一周两天。故选A。
39．句意：所以你不能充分享受锻炼的乐趣。
die死；decide决定；enjoy享受；finish结束。根据“the fun of exercising”可知是享受锻炼的乐趣。故选C。
40．句意：一开始每周锻炼两天是一个好的开始。
at first首先；in the future在未来；day and night日日夜夜；all the time一直。根据“For children and old people, it’s a good start to exercise two days a week”可知刚开始锻炼时一周两天就可以。故选A。
41．September 42．everyone 43．hard 44．of 45．roads 46．easier 47．cheered 48．grades 49．won 50．biggest
【导语】本文介绍了19届杭州亚运会，包括中国做了哪些准备，吉祥物以及带来的影响。
41．句意：第十九届杭州亚运会于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。根据杭州亚运会举办的时间，可知此空填九月。故填September。
42．句意：这是一次美妙的经历，杭州欢迎所有人的光临。根据“It has been a wonderful
experience, and Hangzhou welcomes...to visit.”可知是欢迎所有人的光临。故填everyone。
43．句意：为了准备这场大型体育节目，中国努力工作。根据“To get ready for the big sports show, China worked...”可知是努力工作。故填hard。
44．句意：政府修建了大量的体育场。短语plenty of“大量的”，故填of。
45．句意：与此同时，修建了越来越多路和地铁。根据“So the traffic became...and better.”交通变好了，可知修路了。more修饰，road需用复数。故填roads。
46．句意：所以交通变得越来越好和容易了。根据“At the same time, more...and subways were built.”修了路和地铁，可知交通容易了更好了，形容词用比较级easier。故填easier。
47．句意：杭州人民欢迎来自亚洲各地的运动员，并高兴地为他们欢呼。短语cheer for“欢呼”，根据前后句描述的时态，为过去时，故此空需用过去式cheered。故填cheered。
48．句意：在亚运会上，中国队得到了好成绩。根据“They...383 medals (奖牌).”可知取得了好成绩，用名词复数grades。故填grades。
49．句意：他们获得了383枚奖牌。根据“In the Asian Games, Chinese teams got good...”可知获得了好成绩，因此是赢得了383枚奖牌，且此空描述的是过去的动作，用过去式won“赢得”。故填won。
50．句意：杭州亚运会已经成为有史以来规模最大的亚运会。根据“the largest”可知此空也是最大的，用最高级。故填biggest。
51．133. 52．About 30 to 40 kilometers. 53．Ourselves. 54．Cheers of the people. 55．Never give up and you will achieve your dream.
【导语】本文主要讲马拉松在中国又流行起来了，具体介绍了两个马拉松参赛者的故事。
51．根据“In China, for the first six months of this year, there were 133 marathons across the country.”可知，在中国，今年上半年，全国共有133场马拉松比赛，故填133.
52．根据“He runs about 30 to 40 kilometers in local stadiums each week before the run.”可知，每周跑步前，他都会在当地的体育馆里跑30到40公里，故填About 30 to 40 kilometers.
53．根据“In long-distance running, the only opponent （对手） you have to beat is yourself”可知，在长跑中，你唯一要打败的对手就是你自己，故填Ourselves.
54．根据“The support from the people cheering along the course really encouraged her.”可知，沿途欢呼的人们的支持确实鼓舞了她，故填Cheers of the people.
55．开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为Never give up and you will achieve your dream.
56．例文
As everybody knows, doing sports is really important. And now more and more people play daily sports.
Personally, I often do sports with my family together after work and study. Table tennis is my favorite and I also love playing basketball together. Sometimes I go jogging in the park.
By doing sports with family and friends, we not only get stronger, but also feel the warmth and happiness of being together. We share lots of nice memories and it enriches our life so much.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文属于材料作文写作；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：文章要点已经给出，按照提示的要点逐点阐述，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，总体指出越来越多的人做日常运动，引出话题；
第二步，介绍自己通常做的运动，可列举具体的事例；
第三步，抒发通过运动带来的收获并书写结语。
[亮点词汇]
①after work and study工作和学习之余
②love doing sth热爱做某事
③enrich one’s life丰富某人的生活
④not only…but also…不仅……而且……
[高分句型]
①As everybody knows, doing sports is really important.（as引导的非限制性定语从句）